ARTICLE 359 Key words: Abies Hericiaceae Himalaya Meruliaceae Rhododendron Sikkim 6 sanctuary IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · NO 2: 359–369 NO 2: 4 · · VOLUME FUNGUS IMA H. yumthangense Mycoleptodonoides sharmae Mycoleptodonoides sharmae @ | > ? I Micromorphological features were studied from dried Micromorphological features were studied Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores were ) and DNA isolation, PCR, and sequencing DNA @ |; 6 ¤ @ ~/ |; ` 6 G NJJK> O P < were taken with a Nikon D300s camera. 6 K # 6 / red and 30% glycerol, and Melzer’s were reagent. Drawings an Olympus CX41 made with a drawing tube (attached to #JJJ& x 6 ? ? 6 are based on 20 ornamentations (if any). Measurements 6 x given as KDa-KDc? & 6?KDz-KDy is the in which KDa 6 the length, KDc 6 6 The for the width. for the width, and KDz the mean value ? £ +L ? ? 6 measured collections, and the mean quotient value. obtained from dry spore prints directly mounted on double- sided adhesive tape, pasted on a metallic specimen-stub, gold coated, and subsequently scanned in high vacuum mode ? @ <R 200 model scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata (India). , , N'" |; #LN 2 ) and Abies ). Macro-, Euphorbia Rhododen- , M. sharmae Rhododendron Magnolia globosa (Russulales, Agaricomycotina , 6 Ranunculus sp. nov. (Hericiaceae sp. nov. Betula utilis, and more than Hericium , , , and J. Benjamin Stielow , and J. Benjamin 2 , this natural area is also rich sp. nov. (Meruliaceae sp. nov. forest and is a native habitat Apart from the trees like ) are described as new to science from the Shingba Rhododendron ) are described as new Picea spinulosa , Potentilla , Rubus, and Aconitum.
, Hericium yumthangense Hericium yumthangense Rhododendron Acer pectinatum Rhododendron , , Joost A. Stalpers , Joost Primula 1 @ 6 , Heracleum
Hericium yumthangense 8 / , sanctuary and adjacent areas by K.D. between August between sanctuary and adjacent areas by K.D. Rhododendron niveum. During a macrofungal survey of the Shingba During a macrofungal survey of the Shingba Botanical Survey of India, Cryptogamy unit, Howrah, 711103, India Cryptogamy unit, Howrah, 711103, Botanical Survey of India, /x"?|; < x / ~ x 6 'K# |+?*KJ' ; _ Abstract: knaw.nl (Polyporales, Agaricomycotina © 2013 International Mycological Association © 2013 International Mycological conditions: distribute and transmit the work, under the following are free to share - to copy, You Attribution: 1 2 Kanad Das Two new species of hydnoid-fungi from India hydnoid-fungi species of new Two Non-commercial: No derivative works: Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. permission from the copyright holder. Article info: " I ¤ NJ#*> ; I N NJ#*> ~ I #* NJ#* ? 6 ? located in the northern district of Sikkim, India. Macro- and micromorphological characters are described and characters are described and district of Sikkim, India. Macro- and micromorphological located in the northern 6 @" |; within as a rather isolated species Morphological studies Macromorphological characters were observed and recorded / follow the chart in the Flora of British Fungi ; #$$> O P MATERIALS AND METHODS MATERIALS densa Mycoleptodonoides sharmae micro- and ultrastructural illustrations, together with detailed |; @" N'" barcodes are provided. and mtSSU DNA sanctuary is located in the Yumthang valley of the northern Yumthang sanctuary is located in the surrounded by district of Sikkim, India, in eastern Himalaya, by temperate China, Bhutan, and Nepal. It is characterized for M. campbellii Roscoea dron wood-decaying various saprotrophic and September 2011, and mycorrhizal macromycetes were collected. Macro- and micromorphological studies revealed some of them were 6 @ here as Covering an area of 43 sq. km, the Shingba Covering an area of 43 sq. km, the Shingba INTRODUCTION 40 species of \ including I#J KK$'L NJ#* JP JN #K VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 Das et al.
Creolophus cirrhatus voucher RGB Kew K(M) 135658 (EU784261) 79 Hericium corraloides (Europe) Hericium coralloides s.l. 91 Hericium corraloides (China/North America)
Hericium erinaceus #1 (Korea/China/North America) Hericium erinaceum strain KUMC e1 (AY534596) Hericium erinaceum CBS 233.87 (DQ185921)
ARTICLE Hericium erinaceum CBS 485.95 (AY534583) Hericium erinaceus #2 (North America) Hericium erinaceum ATCC 56457 (DQ185920) Hericium erinaceum CBS 260.74 (DQ185922) 75 Hericium erinaceum voucher RBG Kew KM62494 (EU784265)
100 Hericium coralloides (EU784265) Hericium coralloides (AF173216)
Hericium coralloides IFO 7716 (AY534582) Hericium americanum Hericium americanum CBS 493.63 (AY534581) Hericium erinaceum CBS 204.76 (DQ185924) Hericium americanum (AF287980) Hericium yumthangense KD-11-146 (JX855033) Hericium americanum AFTOL-ID 469 (DQ206987) Hericium cf. alpestre KM 107270 RBG Kew (EU784259) 78 Hericium abietis (AF287979) Hericium abietis VC 63-12 (JQ716938) Hericium abietis 77 Hericium abietis CBS 243.48 (AY534579) Hericium abietis HMJAU20029 (JF430067) Hericium erinaceum CBS 444.85 (DQ185927) Hericium erinaceum (AM981220) 86 Hericium alpestre FCUG 2754 (JQ716930) Hericium alpestre FCUG 2754 (JQ716930) Hericium alpestre Hericium erinaceum (AM269779) Hericium erinaceum (AM981226) Hericium erinaceum CBS 449.85 (DQ185928) Hericium erinaceum KUMC 1035 (DQ185919)
100 Hericium bharengense KD-10658 (JX855036) Hericium bharengense KD-10658E (JN185603) Laxitextum bicolor (AM269787)
0.04
Fig. 1. ~ 6 ? 4+ @" |; Hericium dataset. Numbers #JJJ J 6 + ` x
@"#?K '"?@"N |; @"KL nucleotide sequence database collaboration (INSDC) ITS1 and ITS4 was performed under standard conditions (White 6 et al. 1990, Stielow et al. 2010). PCR conditions for amplifying alignment ambiguities, and the resulting phylogenies. Since ""_ N'" |; almost no sequence data is yet available for the genus MS1, MS2, LR0R and LR5 only differed in their annealing Mycoleptodonoides (INSDC contained a single ITS sequence KK / J / 6 $J L ~/ N'" #LN using FastAP thermosensitive alkaline phosphatase and query were retrieved via x+;"@ @ " @ ? respect to the quality criteria described above, and the dataset sequencing reaction was set up using ABI big dye terminator v. was further supplemented with sequences chosen according 3.1, using a quarter of the suggested volumes (manufacturer's to Binder et al. (2005). Sequences for both datasets were protocol), followed by bidirectional sequencing with a laboratory subsequently aligned, using the EMBL-EBI MAFFT server capillary electrophoresis system (Lifetechnologies, 3730XL ILL L@ L L L DNA analyzer). Sequences were stored and manually corrected ; ` ?` et al. for sequencing artifacts and forward and reverse sequences NJ## 6 ? assembled using the Biolomics database (www.bio-aware. 4+ < #$'# ;64+ " |/x ` N `@?4 O@ 6 P approach (Stamatakis et al. NJJ' 4 6 ? for the Hericium dataset were rooted with Laxitextum bicolor, Phylogenetic inference chosen as outgroup according to Larsson et al. (2004). The A search for respective Hericium @" Æ#JJ phlebioid outgroup (Phlebia spp.) for the Mycoleptodonoides sequences, which were downloaded from the international dataset and clade names were depicted according to Binder
360 IMA FUNGUS Hydnoid fungi from eastern Himalaya
83 Antrodia malicola BCRC 35452 (AY333837)
Antrodia malicola MJL 1167SP (AY333835) ARTICLE Fomitopsis rosea FP 104278T (AY333809) 83 100 89 Fomitopsis rosea RLG 6954T (AY333808) Fomitopsis cajanderi BCRC 35447 (EU232294) Antrodia serialis FP 105599 (EU232293) 78 Antrodia juniperina FP 97452T (AY333839) 71 Antrodia juniperina (AY333838) 99 Antrodia juniperina (AY333839) Antrodia clade #1 82 100 Antrodia sp. TFRI 782 (EU232276) Antrodia sp. TFRI 781 (EU232275) 73 Fomitopsis pinicola FP 98533T (AY333810) 89 Fomitopsis pinicola AFTOLID 770 (AY684164) Fomitopsis pinicola FP 105760T (AY333811) 85 Fomitopsis pinicola TFRI 513 (EU232290) Fomitopsis pinicola (AF287858) 100 Antrodia heteromorpha FCUG 1244 (AY333840) Antrodia albida FCUG 1396 (AY333845) Radulomyces notabilis EL 5/97 (EU118664) Cinereomyces lindbladii Larsson 12078 97 Diplomitoporus crustulinus FP 101824 (AY333816) 100 Diplomitoporus lindbladii HHB 5629 (AY333814) 99 Diplomitoporus lindbladii KEW212 (AF518615) Gelatoporia subvermispora Kotiranta 20823 (FN907911) 100 96 100 Obba valdiviana FF503 (HQ659235) Obba valdiviana Rajchenberg 336 (HQ659236) Mycoleptodonoides sharmae KD-11-122 (JX855030) Diplomitoporus overholtsii HHB 9465 (AY333813) 100 Pycnoporus puniceus BCC27595 (FJ372708) 78 Pycnoporus sanguineus 8R12 (FJ372694) Core polyporoid clade Dichomitus squalens (HQ659224) 92 Perenniporia medulla-panis (JN112793) 79 Ganoderma lucidum (AB368068) 76 Polyporus tricholoma 9591 (AB368100) 77 Polyporus umbellatus WD719 (AB368109) 97 100 Polyporus squamosus MUCL30721 (AB368094) Polyporus squamosus WD2380 (AB587646) Dentocorticium ussuricum CBS 849.84 (KF691613) 100 Grifola frondosa ACCC 50289 (AY826982) Grifola frondosa AFTOL ID 701 (AY629318) 100 Antrodia carbonica FP 105585R (EU232285) Antrodia carbonica (AF287844) Antrodia xantha TFRI 879 (EU232284) Antrodia sitchensis HHB 12513 (AY333830) 100 Antrodia xantha (AJ583430) Antrodia sp. CBS 101451 (DQ457649) Antrodia clade #2 85 Antrodia sinuosa RLG 2538 (EU232288) 80 Antrodia sitchensis HHB 5320 (EU232287) 100 Antrodia sinuosa L6192SP (AY333832) Antrodia sinuosa RLG 1182R (AY333831) 89 Antrodia odora HHB 6094 (EU232286) 100 Phlebia rufa CBS 213.47 (KF691614) Phlebia acerina CBS 125860 (KF691615)
0.03
Fig. 2. ~ 6 ? 4+ +"_ N'" |; Mycoleptodonoides dataset. Numbers on the branches represent support values from 1000 bootstrap replicates if at least 70%, with branches scaled in terms of the 6 @ ` x
et al. (2005). For depicting the trees, clades comprising at subtree with H. erinaceus, H. americanum, H. alpestre, and least twenty sequences were collapsed if they were either H. abietis, received strong bootstrap branch support (BS) 6 ' H. coralloides subtree was not supported samples. Sequence alignments are included in the online x" O P O; L supplementary material. | ; P H. coralloides clades were moderately (79%) to strongly supported (91%) respectively, however C. cirrhatus _'PN 6 RESULTS close to H. coralloides s.l. in our analysis. Several subclades (like e.g. H. alpestre, H. erinaceus, H. abietis) were not fully Phylogenetic inference ` x @ @" |; Hericium dataset @ ?##?#P Hericium #JJ ** N sequence variation) to the previously described Indian 6 @ 4+ species (Das et al. 2011), H. bharengense, nor to one of the ? ?N' #$ < # other subclades, and formed an isolated branch of its own. @ N'" #LN |; Mycoleptodonoides For the Mycoleptodonoides dataset, the basal branch dataset contained 53 sequences and had a total length of separating Antrodia clade 1 from Antrodia clade 2 and $# @ 4+ < N> the core polyporoid clade received very strong support ? ?PJ$P K> (100%). Besides the polyphyly of Antrodia among supplementary material. Fomitopsis # 'N x" The monophyletic Hericium ingroup was separated inducing the split to clade 2 and the core polyporoid clade into two subtrees. The basal branch comprising the core- was not supported. Deeper internal branches within the
VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 361 Das et al.
three core clades received moderate to strong BS (70– branches followed by thinnest fertile quaternary branches 100%). However, sequence annotations, therefore the ending with clusters of 3–4 spines, white to pale yellow (a: \ < Spines 7–13 mm long, moderately N'" @ to densely distributed irregularly from all surface of genus Mycoleptodonoides was nested, with respect to secondary, tertiary and quaternary branches, pendent,
ARTICLE available sequences in the INSDC database, within the core concolorous with the branches when fresh, darker, yellow polyporoid clade (Binder et al. 2005) close to the genera I < I ## I Diplomitoporus and Obba. The basal branch separating the 10) when dry. Context yellowish white, unchanging when subtrees, comprising Diplomitoporus, Obba, Gelatoporia bruised or slowly becoming darker, but becoming straw (a:
and Mycoleptodonoides 6 50) with KOH, pale yellow (a: 4D–5E) with FeSO4. Odour (i.e. Polyporus, Ganoderma), received moderate support pleasant. Taste mild or slightly bitter. Spore print white ' Antrodia 2 was not resolved in our (b: 0 Y). Hyphal system > contextual hyphae analysis (no BS). P KM## K ) ? Additional DNA barcodes, the ITS, partial LSU, and partial * K ) mtSSU sequences (if not used as described above) are > deposited at the INSDC database and provide high quality hymenial tramal hyphae *M#P ) 6 " ? N ) > gloeoplerous hyphae P KM' @" Hericium, ) 6 and partial LSU data for positioning Mycoleptodonoides slightly tapering or rounded sometimes moniliform, septa 6 not found. Basidiospores 5.0–5.3M K & P JMP –5.5 @ ) £ # J$M# #– mtSSU barcodes, currently available at the INSDC database, 1.24), hyaline, amyloid, under light microscope almost 6 smooth to slightly roughened with eccentric apiculus, #LN < Mycoleptodonoides composed of broad ridges and isolated warts (under specimen it should be noted, that ITS sequence identity to "4 J P ) Basidia Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii 4¤;_PKN ¤
Etymology: Named after Yumthang, the type locality. Notes: Hericium yumthangense is characterized by the stipe- like small rooting base, intricate three tier branching system, Diagnosis: Basidiomata JM#JJ & KJM'J 'M#* branched with primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary 6 branches arising from a stipe-like rooting base. Spines 7–13 distinguished from the other four known species of Hericium mm long, distributed irregularly throughout the branches. (H. bharengense, H. erinaceus, H. coralloides, and H. Spores 5.0–5.3M K & P JMP MK K ) cirrhatum) reported from India, by the presence of encrusted ellipsoid, ornamentations are of broad ridges and larger 6 4 H. bharengense has a long isolated warts. Hyphal system 6 distinctly narrow rooting base and spores with comparatively hyphae encrusted. Gloeocystidia ' ) J N ) ? subcapitate or moniliform. like appearance (Das et al. 2011). Hericium erinaceus is either unbranched, cushion-like or sparsely branched, bears long Type: India: SikkimI *#$ | N PRP* PP spines (to 5 cm long) and has larger basidiospores 4.0–7.0 × '' PNRNJ *P *J ; NJ## K. Das KD-11-146 (BSHC P JMK K ) @ ! #$K Hericium coralloides has M > /x" M > ` x @" *MK > @ ! #$K ¤'KKJ** +"_ ¤'KKJ*P ""_ ¤'KKJ*K H. cirrhatum, the basidioma consists of a regular cluster of pileoli united at the base and the spores are smooth (Das & Description: Basidiomata JM#JJ & KJM'J Sharma 2010). Hericium yumthangense appears somewhat close to a a distinct rooting stipe-like base, being attached to the few other species, such as H. americanum and H. abietis. living host (Abies densa). Primary branches to 13 mm However, H. americanum bears spines only as terminal > H. yumthangense fertile secondary branches that bear thinner fertile tertiary are distributed throughout the surfaces of secondary, tertiary,
362 IMA FUNGUS Hydnoid fungi from eastern Himalaya ARTICLE
Fig. 3. Hericium yumthangense ?##?#P A-B. Intricately branched basidiomata. C. Basidiomata showing the stipe-like base and branches. D. Primary branch bearing secondary, tertiary and quaternary branches and spines. E. Secondary branch bearing tertiary and quaternary branches and spines. Distances between two bars = 1 cm.
VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 363 Das et al.
and quaternary branches. Furthermore, the spores are K KM ) H. americanum ` #$'P @ H. abietis are larger (750 × 250 mm), and without any stipe (represented by large solid tubercles) (Harrison 1973). ARTICLE
Mycoleptodonoides sharmae K. Das, Stalpers & Stielow sp. nov. 4 x 4x'JJPN < M' $x #J/M
Etymology: In recognition of Jai Ram Sharma for his contribution to the Indian mycobiota.
Diagnosis: Basidiomata KJM#*J 6 pileus solitary to concrescent, single pileus 50–90 mm long (diam), fanshaped. Stipe absent or rudimentary. Spines mm long and 1.5 mm wide, present on the ventral surface \ Spores 5.0– J–7.5 × 1.5– # 'MN J ) inamyloid. Gloeocystidia-like hyphal elements K ) cylindrical, present at the tip of the spine.
Type: India: Sikkim: near Yumthang, 3522 m asl, N N PRPN PP '' PNRP PP ? ? 6 N' ; Fig. 4. Hericium yumthangense ?##?#P A. ` B. 2011, K. Das, KD-11-122 x" / M > /x" Basidia. C. Basidiospores. D. Hymenialtramal hyphae. Bars = 10 μm. M > ` x @" ¤'KKJ*# +"_ ¤'KKJ*J ""_ ¤'KKJ*N
Description: Basidiomata #*J 6 consisting of imbricate pilei arising from a rudimentary central base. Pileus single to concrescent, 50–90 mm diam, fan- 6 > upturned with maturity, dorsal surface somewhat ribbed or veined but smooth towards margin, white when young and I < > I K I < (a: 9H) or saffron (a: 49) after drying, ventral surface spiny, light yellow (a: 5E) when young, becoming more distinctly yellow after drying with sienna (a: 11) at margin. Stipe absent or represented by the narrowest part of the pileus giving a > attachment never central. Spines # K \ I K Context
after drying, turning cream (a: 4D) with FeSO4 and KOH. Odour pleasant. Taste indistinctive. Spore print yellowish white (b: 2Y–5Y). Hyphal system > context of the pileus > * KM#K K ) frequently branched, septate with clamps, mostly thick walled N K ) \ intricate knots. Context of spines composed of generative > K ) spine, slightly thick walled to solid towards the core. Basidia #'MKJ & * KM ) P? K ) Fig. 5. Hericium yumthangense ?##?#P A. ` # K ) Basidiospores 5.0– J–7.5 × 1.5–# '–2.0 hyphae. B. / 6 x £ #J 3 ) £ N M3.24M* 'P
364 IMA FUNGUS Hydnoid fungi from eastern Himalaya ARTICLE
Fig. 6. Mycoleptodonoides sharmae (KD-11-122). A. Single to concrescent basidiomata growing on decaying tree-trunk. B. Concrescent basidiomata. C. Dorsal view of single and concrescent basidiomata showing the rudimentary base, D–E. Ventral view of basidiomata showing spines.
VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 365 Das et al. ARTICLE
Fig. 9. SEM micrographs of basidiospores. A. Hericium yumthangense B. Mycoleptodonoides sharmae x £ ; N ) x P )
? 6 N' ; 2011, K. Das KD-11-130 x" / > ibid *KK | N PRP NP '' PNRPK KP N " NJ## K. Das KD-11-187 (BSHC).
Notes: The solitary to concrescent fan-shaped pileus, blunt \ spores (longer than 4 μm), monomitic hyphal system, thick- walled to solid generative hyphae in hymenial trama and absence of skeletal hyphae in spines, place the present 6 Mycoleptodonoides. Mycoleptodonoides sharmae can be distinguished by the larger spores. They K KM K & N JMN K ) M. aitchisonii, 4–5 × 1.5–2 μm in M. vassiljevae, and 3.5–4.0 × 2.5–3 μm in M. tropicalis. Fig. 7. Mycoleptodonoides sharmae (KD-11-122). A. ` ? In addition, the spores and rudimentary (neither effused like hyphal elements. B. Basidia. C. Basidiospores. D. Solid to slightly nor stipitate) base and habitat, i.e. a decaying tree-trunk in ? 6 x £ #J 3 subalpine forest, are diagnostic. With large cylindrical to suballantoid spores and gloeocystidia-like hyphal elements at the spine tips, Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (also reported from India) appears morphologically close to M. sharmae. However, the K KM K & N JMN K 3 6 M. aitchisonii (Maas ` #$# here.
DISCUSSION
; 6 Hericiaceae cause white rot of deciduous and coniferous trees, and the family currently comprises three > Hericium, Laxitextum, and Dentipelis. Hericium, has H. coralloides as the type species. The application of Hericium s.str. has been intensively debated due to the loss of the original specimens. Following several nomenclatural actions, H. coralloides (Hallenberg Fig. 8. Mycoleptodonoides sharmae (KD-11-122), hyphae of pileus #$'* 6 x £ #J 3 respect to ecology, strain incompatibility, and very recently, species delimitation (Larsson & Larsson 2003, Hallenberg et al. 2012). smooth, inamyloid with oblique apiculus. Gloeocystidia-like The authors of the latter study were investigating hyphal elements ) phylogenetic species boundaries in Hericium (Hallenberg et at the tip of the spines. al. NJ#N |; barcode ITS (Schoch et al. 2012). Similar to our results, Additional specimens examined: India: Sikkim: near Yumthang the obtained molecular clades were not fully resolved on *KK | N PRPN PP '' PNRP PP ? the basis of ITS sequence data. The same observation
366 IMA FUNGUS Hydnoid fungi from eastern Himalaya ARTICLE
Fig. 10. Habitat. A. Forested area dominated by Abies densa > Hericium yumthangense. B. Trunk of A. densa with basidiomata of H. yumthangense. C. " 6 ? > Mycoleptodonoides sharmae. D. Decaying tree-trunk with basidiomata of M. sharmae.
was made by Das et al. (2011) when describing the new 6 6 H. bharengense 6 ? 6 leaved and coniferous) Himalayan forests in the western base and the comparably low spore-ornamentation, " @" 6 J N 3 G sequence divergence within Hericium, additional support ITS sequence data should not be regarded as absolutely from morphological and ecological characters is required to decisive for interpreting this case, and as was the case ensure a meaningful delimitation between known and new in Hallenberg et al.R NJ#N 6 @ supported morphological characters. Since it was by in our Hericium \ beyond the scope of this study to revise Hericium s.str., (Fig. 1), is in agreement with the analysis by Hallenberg et other protein coding genes from additional specimens were al. NJ#N @ \ Hericium s.str., with H. not sequenced. americanum/H. erinaceus and H. alpestre/H. abietis was In contrast to the intensively studied genus Hericium, the retrieved with poor statistical support (BS) as in the latter 6 Mycoleptodonoides is very work, but with similar distances between species. However, limited. Since Nikolajeva (1952) described the type species given the very limited resolution of the ITS, protein coding M. vassiljevae from Ussuri, Russia, several recombinations genes, commonly used for the calibration of concatenated from Mycoleptodonoides, such as M. adusta and M. pusilla gene phylogenies in Agaricomycotina, could improve our into Mycorrhaphium 4 ` #$N G limited understanding of speciation in Hericium. Beside the ! #$'$ lack of phylogenetic resolution on the rDNA level, the new delimitation. Mycoleptodonoides has a monomitic hyphal species H. yumthangense, 6 system, but thick-walled generative hyphae, and spines on
VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 367 Das et al.
P ) @ N'" closely related genus Mycorrhaphium is dimitic, with lack of additional sequence data (i.e. protein coding genes), skeletal hyphae, and smaller spores. However, the nature does not allow any certain and well supported positioning of the skeletal hyphae resembles more closely the situation of Mycoleptodonoides O P 6 in Stereum than in Trametes, and molecular research is However, the high ITS sequence similarity to a Chinese
ARTICLE ? 6 6 specimen of M. aitchisonii ¤ Revised key to Mycoleptodonoides species 1 Pileus stipitate to substipitate ...... 2 Pileus sessile or with a rudimentary base ...... 3 2 (1) Spores 4–5 × 1.5–2 μm, spines to 5 mm long, generative hyphae to 30 μm wide ...... M. vassiljevae " K KM K & N JMN K 3 #K 3 ...... M. aitchisonii * # " £ N ?* 'P > in subalpine forests ...... M. sharmae " £ # NK?# ** > ...... M. tropicalis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS < ¤ #$'# |; I 6 Journal of Molecular Evolution We are grateful to the Director, Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata, 17I *'M* India) for providing facilities during this study, and to the Department ` ¤ #$'P Hericium coralloides N. Amer. auct. (= H. americanum < 4 ` sp. nov.) and the European H. alpestre and H. coralloides. " x" ` Mycotaxon 20: 39–43. @ " | ` ?` ` " x @ /G ?` G Das of the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, ` 4 NJ## Genea mexicana and Geopora tolucana, new in supporting the SEM study is also duly acknowledged. Author sequestrate Pyronemataceae 4 6 J.B.S. would like to thank Michel de Vries for technical support with of Geopora s. l. reevaluated. Mycological Progress 11: 711–724. + /x" | #$'* Hericium coralloides and H. alpestre ; ; " ` " (basidiomycetes) in Europe. Mycotaxon 18I #'#M#'$ O|;? /x" / P | | ` NJ#N " 6 Hericium (Russulales, Agaricomycota) and a new species – Hericium rajchenbergii- from southern South America. REFERENCES Mycological Progress 12: 413-420. Harrison KA (1973) The genus Hericium in North America. Michigan ; #$$ $ = $ . Botanist 12: 177–194. I 4 R " G @ #$'$ Colored Illustrations of Mushrooms of Binder M, Hibbett DS, Larsson KH, Larsson E, Langer E, Japan. Vol. 2. Osaka: Hoikusha. + ` NJJK @ Kraenzlin F (2005) Die Pilze der Schweiz. D Russulaceae. forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi Luzern: Verlag Mykologia. (Homobasidiomycetes). Systematics and Biodiversity 3: 1–45. Larsson E, Larsson KH (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of Das K, Sharma JR (2010) Hericium cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol., a new russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean \ Kavaka 37–38: 17–19. 6 Mycologia 95I #J*M#JK Das K, Stalpers J, Eberhardt U (2011) A new species of Hericium Larsson KH, Larsson E, Koljalg U (2004) High phylogenetic diversity from Sikkim, Himalaya (India). Cryptogamie, Mycologia 32I N'KM among corticioid homobasidiomycetes. Mycological Research 293. 108I $'*M#JJN 368 IMA FUNGUS Hydnoid fungi from eastern Himalaya 4 ` ; #$# ; Hydnum from Kashmir. Persoonia " x x x ` 4 G x ~ ARTICLE 1: 409–413. ?~ ` 4 NJ#J @ 4 ` ; #$N Hydnotrya bailii " #$K$ 6 Persoonia 2: 77–405. Hydnotrya tulasnei x x x #'P Mycological Nikolajeva TL (1952) Novyi rod ezhovikvykh (sem. Hydnaceae) Progress 9: 195–203. gribov (A new genus of hydnaceous fungi). Botanicheskie Thind KS, Khara HS (1975) The Hydnaceae of the North Western Materialy Otdela Sporovykh Rastenii. Botanichescheskii Institut Himalayas–II. Indian Phytopathology 28I KMK Akademia Nauk SSR 8: 117–121. @¤ x @ + " @ ¤ #$$J ; Schoch C, Seifert KA, Huhndorf S, Robert V, Spouge JL, Levesque sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: CA, Chen W, Fungal Barcoding Consortium (2012) Nuclear PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications (Innis MA, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal ` " ¤¤ @¤ I *#KM*NN. San Diego: DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proceedings of the National Academic Press. Academy of Sciences, USA 109I NP#MNP> I#J #J*L Yuan HS, Dai YC (2009) Hydnaceous fungi of China 4. ###J#'#J$ Mycoleptodonoides tropicalis sp. nov., and a key to the species " ; ~ ¤ NJJ' ; in China. Mycotaxon 110I N**MN*' ;64+ Systematic Biology 75: K'M# VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 369