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The United States in Global Perspective THE UNITED STATES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Sample Only - All Rights Reserved Sample Only - All Rights Reserved THE UNITED STATES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE A Primary Source Reader Julie K. deGraffenried and Stephen M. Sloan editors BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS Sample Only - All Rights Reserved © 2020 by Baylor University Press Waco, Texas 76798 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of Baylor University Press. Book and cover design by Kasey McBeath Cover image: Shutterstock/pio3 Paperback ISBN: 978- 1- 4813- 1265- 3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2020936971 The United States in Global Perspective: A Primary Source Reader offers a wide range of historical materials, some of which may contain offensive language or negative stereotypes. It is essential to view these materials in the context of the period in which they were created. Baylor University Press does not endorse the views expressed in such materials. Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper. Sample Only - All Rights Reserved BRIEF CONTENTS 1 Contact and Colonization 1 2 The United States in the Age of Revolution 29 3 The Early Republic and the World 69 4 Forging a New Industrial Order 103 5 Making a Nation 137 6 Western Expansion and Empire 187 7 Constructing the Urban Landscape 231 8 The Great War 285 9 Wrestling with the Modern Age 315 10 The Search for Solutions 349 11 World War II 389 12 The Bipolar World 441 13 The Struggle for Equality 483 14 The United States in the World 525 15 The New Millennium 571 Sample Only - All Rights Reserved v Sample Only - All Rights Reserved CONTENTS Acknowledgments xxiii Note to Students xxv Note to Instructors xxxi 1 | Contact and Colonization 1 360 | Columbian Exchange 3 ◉ Painting by Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Vertumnus (Rudolf II as Vertumnus), Milan, 1590 3 ◉ Encyclopedia entry on chocolate, Encyclopédie, France, 1750s 4 ◉ Ottoman men smoking hookah at a Turkish café, Ottoman Empire, between 1880 and 1900 4 ◉ Recipe for salsa di pomodoro, Italy, 1891 5 ◉ First known reference to the peanut, Huang Hsing- tsêng, China, early 16th c. 5 ◉ Adam Smith on the potato, Wealth of Nations, England, 1776 5 Early Contact 7 1–1 Paolo Toscanelli, map of Atlantic Ocean, Florence, 1474 7 1–2 Council of Castile for Spanish- claimed Americas, The Requerimiento (Requirement), Spain, 1510 7 1–3 Jacques Cartier, excerpt from The First Voyage, France, 1534 9 1–4 a) Engraving by Theodor de Bry of a watercolor by John White, The arriual of the Englishemen in Virginia, England and Germany, 1590 12 b) John Smith, excerpt from Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New- England, or Anywhere, 1633 13 1–5 Waniyetu Wowapi (Nakota Winter Count), Lone Dog, first recorded 1800– 1871 14 Colonial Politics and Society 16 1–6 Governor Glen on the role of Native Americans in the rivalry between France, Spain, and England, South Carolina, 1761 16 1–7 a) John Nathan Hutchins, woodcut, Prospect of the City of New-York from New York Almanac, 1771 18 Sample Only - All Rights Reserved vii viii Contents b) Andrew Burnaby, description of colonial Philadelphia, England, 1759 18 1–8 a) Advertisement, Rolls’s Best Virginia tobacco, England, 18th c. 20 b) Jasper Danckaerts, journal entry, Netherlands, 1679 20 1–9 a) Phillis Wheatley, poem, “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” New England, 1773 21 b) Ottobah Cugoano, excerpt from Narrative of the Enslavement of Ottobah Cugoano, a Native of Africa; published by himself, in the Year 1787, England, 1787 22 1–10 Natalia Alekseevna Shelikhova, excerpts from “Explanations of the Successes of the American Company,” Russian America (Alaska), 1798 26 2 | The United States in the Age of Revolution 29 360 | Rights of the Individual 31 ◉ Declaration of the Rights of Man, France, 1789 31 ◉ Bill of Rights, United States, 1791 33 ◉ Declaration of the Rights of Woman, Marie-Olympe de Gouges, France, 1791 34 ◉ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, 1948 37 Making Revolution 42 2–1 a) John Locke, excerpt from Two Treatises of Government, England, 1690 42 b) Jean- Jacques Rousseau, excerpt from On the Social Contract, France, 1762 45 2–2 Jonathan Mayhew, excerpt from “A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-R esistance to the Higher Powers,” Massachusetts, 1750 47 2–3 a) William Pitt, excerpt from speech on the Stamp Act, England, 1766 48 b) Political cartoon, “The Colonies Reduced,” England, 1767 50 2–4 a) The London Magazine, frontispiece, “Britain, America, at length be friends . ,” England, 1774 51 b) John Adams, excerpt from “Novanglus letter III,” Massachusetts, 1775 53 2–5 a) Oneida Declaration of Neutrality, 1775 53 b) Lenape Chief Buckongahelas, selections from “Address to Christian Native Americans at Gnadenhutten,” 1781 55 2–6 Noël Le Mire, engraving, Marquis de Lafayette and African American man, France, 1781 56 Responses to Revolution 57 2–7 a) Newspaper, notices about runaway indentured servants and apprentices, British colonies, 1770–1771 57 b) Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives, 1777 58 Sample Only - All Rights Reserved Contents ix 2–8 Thomas Jefferson, excerpts from letter on education to J. Banister Jr., 1785 59 2–9 a) Excerpt from lyrics of “Ça Ira!”, France, 1790 61 b) Excerpt from the Levée en Masse (Draft), France, 1793 62 2–10 Illustrated frontispiece, Incendie du Cap (Burning of Cap-Français, Haiti), France, 1815 63 2–11 Simón de Bolívar, excerpt from message to the Congress at Angostura, 1819 64 2–12 The Gulhane Proclamation, Ottoman Empire, 1839 66 3 | The Early Republic and the World 69 360 | Indigenous Peoples 71 ◉ Cherokee, Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, United States, 1831 71 ◉ Māori, Native Land Court Act, New Zealand, 1865 74 ◉ Ainu, Hokkaido Former Natives Protection Law, Japan, 1899, and image of Ainu people, Japan, 1904 75 ◉ Sami, Norway, Amendment to Norway’s Constitution of 1814, Norway, 1988 77 ◉ United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007 77 Foreign Policy 78 3–1 George Washington, selections from Farewell Address, 1796 78 3–2 a) James Mackay, excerpt from instructions for explorer John Thomas Evans, Louisiana Territory, 1796 81 b) Samuel Lewis, map of Louisiana, 1804 83 3–3 Tecumseh, excerpt of speech to General William Henry Harrison, 1810 84 3–4 James Gillray, political cartoon, “The Plumb-pudding in danger; —or—State Epicures taking un Petit Souper,” England, 1805 85 3–5 John Quincy Adams, excerpt of diary entry, November 16, 1819 86 3–6 a) James Monroe, excerpts from “Seventh Annual Message” (the Monroe Doctrine), 1823 87 b) Simón Bolívar, excerpt from “Letter to Colonel Patrick Campbell,” Gran Colombia, 1829 89 Encountering the Other 91 3–7 Hirata Atsutane, on “The Land of the Gods” and “The Art of Medicine,” Japan, ca. 1820 91 3–8 a) Gordon Hall and Samuel Newell, excerpt from The Conversion of the World, 1818 92 b) Lam Qua, paintings for Dr. Peter Parker, China, 1830s 96 3–9 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, excerpts from Travels in the United States in 1847, Argentina, 1847 97 Sample Only - All Rights Reserved x Contents 3–10 Xu Jiyu, Ying- huan zhi- lüe (Short Account of the Oceans around Us) on George Washington and the American political system, China, 1848 100 4 | Forging a New Industrial Order 103 360 | Comparative Industrialization 105 ◉ Convention of commerce, Balta Liman, Ottoman Empire, August 16, 1838 105 ◉ Woodblock print by Inoue Tankei, Famous Places in Tokyo: Picture of Azuma Bridge and a Distant View of a Torpedo Explosion, Japan, 1888 107 ◉ Sergei Witte memorandum on the industrialization of imperial Russia, Russia, 1899 107 ◉ Graph of comparative primary school enrollment, United Kingdom, China, India, Japan, Turkey, Egypt, United States, and Senegal, 1820 to 2010 109 ◉ Chart showing percentage distribution of the world’s manufacturing production, United States, Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Canada, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, and India, 1870 and 1913 109 Slavery 110 4–1 “A Planter’s Letter,” The Gentleman’s Magazine, England, 1789 110 4–2 a) Election handbill, “A Few Plain Questions to Plain Men,” England, 1820s 111 b) Broadside, “The Negro Woman’s Appeal to Her White Sisters,” England, ca. 1850 111 4–3 David Walker, excerpts from Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America, 1829 113 4–4 a) Solomon Northup, excerpt from Twelve Years a Slave, 1841 115 b) Ship’s manifest of the schooner Thomas Hunter, 1835 116 4–5 Chart, imports of raw cotton into Great Britain, 1856 to 1870 117 Industrialization 118 4–6 Adam Smith, excerpts from Wealth of Nations, 1776 118 4–7 a) Yorkshire Cloth Workers Petition, England, 1786 120 b) Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, England, 1791 121 4–8 a) Winslow Homer, sketch, “The Bobbin Girl,” 1871 123 b) Harriet H. Robinson, excerpt from Early Factory Labor in New England, 1883 124 4–9 a) Evening Post, advertisement, line of American packets between New York and Liverpool, 1817 126 b) Map, Paullin Transportation, 1932 127 4–10 a) Patent sketch, Cyrus McCormick mechanical reaper, 1845 128 b) Reuben Gold Thwaites, Cyrus Hall McCormick and the Reaper, 1909 128 4–11 a) William Lovett of the London Working Men’s Association, cover of The People’s Charter, England, 1838 129 Sample Only - All Rights Reserved Contents xi b) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, excerpt from Manifesto of the Communist Party, UK, 1848 130 4–12 a) Map of the submarine telegraph between America and Europe, 1858 133 b) General Postal Union Treaty, Switzerland, 1874 134 4–13 Advertisement, “All nations use Singer sewing machines,” ca.
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