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El Salvador's 2019 Elections
CRS INSIGHT El Salvador's 2019 Elections February 6, 2019 (IN11034) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs ([email protected], 7-5229) On February 3, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old former mayor of San Salvador and candidate of the Grand Alliance of National Unity (GANA) party, won El Salvador's presidential election. Bukele garnered 53% of the vote, well ahead of Carlos Calleja, a business executive running for a conservative National Republican Alliance (ARENA)-led coalition, with 31.8%, and Hugo Mártinez, a former foreign minister of the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), with 14.4%. Bukele's first-round victory occurred amid relatively low voter turnout (44.7%) during a peaceful electoral process observed by the Organization of American States and others. Bukele is set to succeed Salvador Sánchez Cerén (FMLN) as president on June 1, 2019, and serve a single, five-year term. Bukele's election ends 10 years of FMLN government. Who Is Nayib Bukele? Nayib Bukele served as mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán (2012-2015) and San Salvador (2015-2018) for the FMLN. Prior to entering politics, Bukele worked in family businesses started by his late father, a prominent Salvadoran of Palestinian descent who backed the FMLN financially beginning in the early 1990s. Throughout his political career, Bukele has used social media to connect directly with voters, a new phenomenon in Salvadoran politics. As mayor, he revitalized the historic center of San Salvador and engaged at-risk youth in violence-prevention programs. In 2017, the FMLN expelled him for criticizing the party's leadership. -
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Updated November 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43616 El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Congress has had significant interest in El Salvador, a small Central American nation that has had a large percentage of its population living in the United States since the country’s civil conflict (1980-1992). During the 1980s, the U.S. government spent billions of dollars supporting the Salvadoran government’s counterinsurgency efforts against the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). Three decades later, the United States has worked relatively well with two consecutive, democratically elected FMLN administrations. President Salvador Sánchez Cerén, a former guerrilla commander of the FMLN, is in the final year of his five-year term. Sánchez Cerén’s approval ratings have been significantly lower than those of prior presidents, as security conditions remain serious and economic growth remains moderate (2.3% in 2017). Polarization between the FMLN government and the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA)-dominated National Assembly has magnified those challenges. Political attention is on the February 3, 2019, first-round presidential elections. Nayib Bukele, a former mayor of San Salvador (2015-2018) standing for the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) party, leads the FMLN and ARENA candidates. Both of those parties have lost support due to revelations of corruption involving former presidents, including the August 2018 conviction of former ARENA president Tony Saca. U.S. policy in El Salvador continues to focus on promoting economic prosperity, improving security, and strengthening governance, the three objectives of the U.S. -
ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 Anuario De Investigación
ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 Anuario de investigación Escuela de Comunicación Mónica Herrera ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 CRÉDITOS CONSEJO DE DIRECTORES Dirección General: Teresa Palacios de Chávez Dirección Académica: Federico Harrison Dirección Administrativa Financiera: Hermann W. Bruch CONSEJO EDITORIAL Director académico: Federico Harrison Coordinador de investigación institucional: Willian Carballo Coordinadora de proyección social: Larisa Hernández Coordinadora de Syncros, Laboratorio de Diseño Estratégico: Ana Urquilla Docente a tiempo completo: German Rosa Dirección y coordinación de publicación: Willian Carballo Contacto: [email protected] Corrección y revisión de estilo: Manuel Fernando Velasco Diseño de portada: Jorge Orantes Diagramación: Jorge Orantes Plataformas: Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop y Adobe Illustrator Tipografía: Avenir Next ISSN: 1999-4044 El contenido de los artículos es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores. Queda rigurosamente prohibida, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright, bajo las sanciones establecidas por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, la producción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía (fotocopia) y el tratamiento informático. Hecho el depósito que manda la ley. 2018, Escuela de Comunicación Mónica Herrera. Av. Manuel Gallardo #3-3, Santa Tecla, La Libertad, El Salvador. monicaherrera.edu.sv ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN NÚMERO 12 INVESTIGACIÓN Según los estatutos de la institución, la investigación se orientará a crear, recrear y transferir conocimientos y tecnologías que contribuyan a solucionar problemas de la realidad. Se sustenta en la obtención sistemática de nuevos conocimientos, producción de nuevas tecnologías y sistemas y en la comprobación, demostración y adaptación de lo ya existente, por medio de procesos racionales y métodos rigurosos. -
Media Captured
Media Captured: Elites’ Cohesion and Media Networks in Costa Rica and El Salvador A Dissertation submitted Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) to the Department of Political and Social Sciences of Freie Universität Berlin By Francisco Robles-Rivera Berlin 2018 Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Marianne Braig Examiner: Prof. Dr. Benedicte Bull Second examiner: Prof. Dr. Julián Cárdenas Date of Defense: January 7th, 2019 Para mis abuelos Irma y Orlando. 1 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ II ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .............................................................................................................................III ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................... IV AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES AND PROPOSITIONS ............................................................................................... 4 1.2 THE -
EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report
European Union Election Observation Mission EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report [Flag of host Presidential Election 3 February 2019 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary and Priority Recommendations ......................................................................... 1 II. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 III. Political Context ................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Implementation of Previous EOM Recommendations ....................................................................... 5 V. Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................... 6 A. International Principles and Commitments .............................................................................. 6 B. Constitutional Human Rights ................................................................................................... 6 C. Electoral Legislation ................................................................................................................ 7 D. Election System ....................................................................................................................... 7 VI. Election Administration ..................................................................................................................... 8 A. Structure and Composition -
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs August 13, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21655 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary The United States has maintained a strong interest in developments in El Salvador, a small Central American country with a population of 6 million. During the 1980s, El Salvador was the largest recipient of U.S. aid in Latin America as its government struggled against the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) insurgency during a 12-year civil war. A peace accord negotiated in 1992 brought the war to an end and formally assimilated the FMLN into the political process as a political party. After the peace accords were signed, U.S. involvement shifted toward helping successive Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) governments rebuild democracy and implement market-friendly economic reforms. In March 2009, Mauricio Funes, a former television journalist and the first FMLN presidential candidate without a guerilla past, defeated Rodrigo Ávila of the conservative ARENA party for a five-year presidential term. His inauguration marked the end of more than 20 years of ARENA rule and the first transfer of political power between parties since the end of El Salvador’s civil war. Funes’ victory followed strong showings by the FMLN in the January 2009 legislative elections. During the first half of his term, President Funes generally pursued moderate policies that enabled him to form cross-party coalitions in the National Assembly, but which caused periodic friction between him and more radical members of his party. -
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs April 5, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21655 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary Congress has maintained a strong interest in developments in El Salvador, a small Central American country with a population of 6 million. During the 1980s, El Salvador was the largest recipient of U.S. aid in Latin America as its government struggled against the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) insurgency during a 12-year civil war. A peace accord negotiated in 1992 brought the war to an end and formally assimilated the FMLN into the political process as a political party. After the peace accords were signed, U.S. involvement shifted toward helping successive Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) governments rebuild democracy and implement market-friendly economic reforms. Funes Administration Twenty-one years after the signing of the peace accords, El Salvador is governed by an FMLN Administration. In March 2009, Mauricio Funes, a former television journalist and the first FMLN presidential candidate without a guerilla past, defeated Rodrigo Ávila of the conservative ARENA party for a five-year presidential term. President Funes has generally pursued moderate policies that have enabled him to form cross-party coalitions in the National Assembly, but caused periodic friction with more radical members of his party. Now in his fourth year in office, President Funes still has high approval ratings, but faces a number of serious challenges. -
Freedom in the World, El Salvador
4/30/2020 El Salvador | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 El Salvador 66 PARTLY FREE /100 Political Rights 32 /40 Civil Liberties 34 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 67 /100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. TOP https://freedomhouse.org/country/el-salvador/freedom-world/2020 1/20 4/30/2020 El Salvador | Freedom House Status Change El Salvador’s status declined from Free to Partly Free because criminal groups continue to commit acts of violence and intimidation against politicians, ordinary citizens, and religious congregants, and because the justice system has been hampered by obstruction and politicization. Overview Elections in El Salvador are largely credible and free. However, corruption is a serious problem that undermines democracy and rule of law, and violence remains a grave problem. Authorities have pursued a harsh, militarized response to the country’s gangs, resulting in allegations of abuse. The country has a lively press and civil society sector, though journalists risk harassment and violence in connection with work related to gang activity or corruption. Key Developments in 2019 Nayib Bukele, the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) candidate, was elected president in the first round of voting in February, easily defeating the long-dominant Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) parties. Bukele became the first third-party candidate to win the presidency since the end of the civil war in 1992. In August, President Bukele stopped asylum seekers aiming to present their cases at the US border from traveling through the country, despite warnings from rights groups that El Salvador’s pervasive violence made it an unsuitable third country for asylum seekers. -
On the Calle Del Olvido: Memory and Forgetting in Post-Peace Public Discourse in Guatemala and El Salvador
ON THE CALLE DEL OLVIDO: MEMORY AND FORGETTING IN POST-PEACE PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon BY RACHEL HATCHER © Rachel Hatcher, August 2015. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the department Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copy or publication use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any use which may be made of any material in my thesis. i ABSTRACT For many years, El Salvador and Guatemala were submerged in brutal and bloody conflicts that cost the lives of tens of thousands. United Nations-brokered Peace Accords officially brought the years of violence to an end in 1992 and 1996, respectively. As the two countries slowly emerged from their respective Cold War-inspired internal conflicts, the question of what place the past would have in the present came to the fore. -
The OAS Electoral Observation Mission Welcomes Another Peaceful Election in El Salvador
The OAS Electoral Observation Mission welcomes another peaceful election in El Salvador February 4, 2019 The Electoral Observation Mission of the Organization of American States (EOM/OAS), deployed in El Salvador for the presidential elections of February 3, welcomes the peaceful fashion in which Election Day unfolded. The Mission congratulates the President elect, Nayib Bukele, for his victory in the first round and commends the democratic maturity of his opponents, Carlos Calleja, Hugo Martínez, and Josué Alvarado, who immediately recognized his victory, thus providing certainty on election night. This process consolidated a pluralism reflected in the nationwide victory of a political movement other than the two traditional parties which have dominated Salvadoran politics since the Peace Accords of 1982. The OAS began its observation of the electoral process in December 2018 with a team led by Uruguayan diplomat, Juan Pablo Corlazzoli. The team included 84 observers and experts from 24 different countries who analyzed electoral organization, electoral technology, political financing, and electoral justice. On Election Day, the Mission was present in 14 departments of the country prior to the opening of polling stations (JRVs) up to the tallying and transmission of results. In total, OAS observers visited more than 400 polling centers. In general, the distribution of electoral materials was punctual and satisfactory. Nevertheless, observers noted that some polling station officials were unfamiliar with the procedures, which delayed the start of the poll at some centers. Furthermore, the representatives of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) party experienced some difficulties in accessing the polling places because the name of their party did not appear on their vests. -
El Salvador: Background and U.S
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs June 26, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43616 El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Congress has maintained interest in El Salvador, a small Central American country that has a large percentage of its population living in the United States, since the country’s civil conflict (1980-1992). Whereas in the 1980s the U.S. government spent billions of dollars supporting the Salvadoran government’s efforts against the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) insurgency, the United States is now working with the country’s second consecutive democratically-elected FMLN Administration. Despite the potential challenges involved for both sides, analysts predict that U.S.-Salvadoran relations will remain constructive during Salvador Sánchez Cerén’s presidency, as they did during Mauricio Funes’ term (2009-2014). El Salvador is facing significant economic and security challenges that the country is unlikely to be able to address without substantial external support. El Salvador posted an economic growth rate of just 1.4% in 2013, the lowest of any country in Central America. The government is running high deficits and attracting little foreign investment. Economists have cited security concerns as a barrier to investment. Although a truce between the country’s gangs helped lower homicide rates in 2012 and 2013, it has unraveled and violent crime is increasing. Inaugurated to a five-year term on June 1, 2014, President Salvador Sánchez Cerén, a former FMLN guerrilla commander, took office pledging to lead a government based on the principles of “honor, austerity, efficiency and transparency." After defeating the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) candidate, Norman Quijano, by just over 6,000 votes in a runoff election held in March, President Sánchez Cerén has adopted a conciliatory attitude. -
ELS 2019 Preliminary Statement V3
European Union Election Observation Mission EL SALVADOR, Presidential Elections, 3 February 2019 PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 5 February 2019 Salvadorans break historic bipartisan politics with credible, transparent, and peaceful elections This preliminary statement of the EU election observation mission (EOM) is delivered before the completion of the entire electoral process. Critical stages remain, including final results and the adjudication of petitions, which the EU EOM remains in the country to observe. The EU EOM is now only in a position to comment on observation undertaken to date, and will later publish a final report, including full analysis and recommendations for electoral reform. The EU EOM may also make additional statements on election-related matters as and when it considers appropriate. Summary • The Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) delivered well-organised elections, despite a short timeframe to verify candidatures, a much-discussed decision on the design of the ballot paper and polling station results protocol, and criticism against the integrity of the institution. Polling and counting procedures were broadly followed, with sufficient transparency measures to guarantee credible results. In an inclusive process, the elections were scrutinised by the Electoral Oversight Board, political parties, the Attorney General’s Office, the Human Rights Ombudsperson’s Office, civil society, and international groups. • The low-intensity campaigning was orderly, peaceful and calm, and with few incidents of violence. Most of the candidates, and especially Carlos Calleja, Hugo Martínez, and Josué Alvarado opted for conventional campaigning events such as door-to-door canvassing, while Nayib Bukele, presented as the outsider in the competition and political third force, campaigned mostly through TV and radio advertisements, and on social networks.