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Anuario Latinoamericano Enezuela v ol. 9/2020 v América Latina: ol. 9/2020 Venezuela anuario DOSSIER anuario latinoamericano CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES La razón rentista y sus teóricos: la economía política en el siglo petrolero venezolano Malfred Gerig latinoamericano La dinámica de las relaciones diplomáticas entre Venezuela y los Estados Unidos durante el gobierno del general Isaías Medina Angarita (1941-1945) Luis Manuel Marcano Salazar América Latina: La hoja de ruta del chavismo al poder. Elecciones y propaganda durante la primera fase de la Revolución Bolivariana (1999-2006) Venezuela José Alberto Olivar Jóvenes venezolanos y confrontación política: una aproximación a las narrativas en espacios reales y virtuales Miguel Cáceres Hernández Las respuestas de la Unión Europea a las transiciones inversas en Cuba y Venezuela Anna Ayuso, Susanne Gratius The European Union’s Reaction to the Venezuelan Migration Crisis Maria Ochab ARTÍCULOS Y ENSAYOS The Military Standing of the Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean Region in the Period Between 2008–2020 Ireneusz Topolski Elecciones presidenciales en El Salvador 2019: la derrota del FMLN y un nuevo gobierno con Nayib Bukele Ignacio Medina Núñez La teología de las transformaciones en búsqueda de un “Nuevo Gran Relato” Paweł Wiechetek Mazowieckie Centrum Poligrafii Wojciech Hunkiewicz REDACCIÓNul. Lisi Jar 29, LINGÜÍSTICA 05-270 Marki Maria Ochab – Coordinadora Helena Beatriz Xavier Lourenço María Luisa Cobo Aguilar DISEÑO DE PORTADA Krzysztof Rumowski DIAGRAMACIÓN Agnieszka Muchowska IMPRENTA „Elpil”, ul. Artyleryjska 11, 08-110 Siedlce © Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2020 La publicación del volumen 9/2020 del Anuario Latinoamericano fue financiada bajo el contrato no. 613/P-DUN/2019 de fondos del Ministro de Ciencia y Educación Superior de la República deTiraje Polonia, 150 ejemplaresasignados a actividades de divulgación científica. EDITORIAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MARIA CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA 20-031 Lublin, ul. Idziego Radziszewskiego 11 tel. + 48 81 537 53 04 www.wydawnictwo.umcs.lublin.pl e-mail: [email protected] Distribución: tel./fax +48 81 537 53 02 Librería virtual: www.wydawnictwo.umcs.edu.eu e-mail: [email protected] Índice Editorial .......................................................... 9 Katarzyna Krzywicka REDACCIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Maria Ochab – Coordinadora Dossier Helena Beatriz Xavier Lourenço María Luisa Cobo Aguilar América Latina: Venezuela La razón rentista y sus teóricos: la economía política en el siglo DISEÑO DE PORTADA Krzysztof Rumowski petrolero venezolano................................................ 13 Malfred Gerig DIAGRAMACIÓN La dinámica de las relaciones diplomáticas entre Venezuela y los Estados Agnieszka Muchowska Unidos durante el gobierno del general Isaías Medina Angarita IMPRENTA (1941–1945) ....................................................... 37 Mazowieckie„Elpil”, ul. Arty Centrumleryjska 11,Poligrafii 08-110 SiedlceWojciech Hunkiewicz Luis Manuel Marcano Salazar ul. Lisi Jar 29, 05-270 Marki La hoja de ruta del chavismo al poder. Elecciones y propaganda durante © Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2020 la primera fase de la Revolución Bolivariana (1999–2006) ................ 53 Tiraje 150 ejemplares José Alberto Olivar Jóvenes venezolanos y confrontación política: una aproximación a las narrativas en espacios reales y virtuales ........................... 71 EDITORIAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MARIA CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA Miguel Cáceres Hernández 20-031 Lublin, ul. Idziego Radziszewskiego 11 Las respuestas de la Unión Europea a las transiciones inversas tel. + 48 81 537 53 04 en Cuba y Venezuela................................................ 89 www.wydawnictwo.umcs.lublin.pl Anna Ayuso, Susanne Gratius e-mail: [email protected] Distribución: tel./fax +48 81 537 53 02 La reacción de la Unión Europea a la crisis migratoria venezolana ........ 113 Librería virtual: www.wydawnictwo.umcs.edu.eu Maria Ochab e-mail: [email protected] Artículos y ensayos La posición militar de los países de la región de América Latina y el Caribe en el periodo 2008-2020 ................................... 137 Ireneusz Topolski Elecciones presidenciales en El Salvador 2019: la derrota del FMLN y un nuevo gobierno con Nayib Bukele ................................ 173 Ignacio Medina Núñez 5 Índice La teología de las transformaciones en búsqueda de un “Nuevo Gran Relato” .......................................... 195 Paweł Wiechetek Reseñas e informes Carlos Illades, Vuelta a la izquierda. La cuarta transformación en México: del despotismo oligárquico a la tiranía de la mayoría, Océano, México 2020...... 211 Jaime Ortega La muerte es un negocio. Miradas cercanas a la violencia criminal en América Latina. Javier Treviño Rangel y Laura Helena Atuesta Becerra (coords.), Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, México 2020 ........... 217 Mario Pavel Díaz Román Monika Sawicka, Brasil en el sistema internacional. Roles de la potencia media de nuevo tipo, Universitas, Kraków 2020 ......................... 221 Katarzyna Krzywicka Información para los autores ........................................ 227 Guidelines for authors .............................................. 229 Informação para autores ............................................ 231 6 Contents Editorial .......................................................... 9 Katarzyna Krzywicka Dossier Latin America: Venezuela The Rentier Reason and Its Theorists. The Political Economy in the Venezuelan Oil Century ....................................... 13 Malfred Gerig The Dynamics of Diplomatic Relations Between Venezuela and the United States During the Government of General Isaias Medina Angarita (1941–1945)............................................... 37 Luis Manuel Marcano Salazar The Roadmap of Chavism to Power. Elections and Propaganda During the First Phase of the Bolivarian Revolution (1999-2006).......... 53 José Alberto Olivar Venezuelan Youth and Political Confrontation. An Approach to Narratives in Real and Virtual Spaces ........................................... 71 Miguel Cáceres Hernández The European Union’s Responses to the Inverse Transitions in Cuba and Venezuela ..................................................... 89 Anna Ayuso, Susanne Gratius The European Union’s Reaction to the Venezuelan Migration Crisis ....... 113 Maria Ochab Articles and essays The Military Standing of the Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean Region in the Period Between 2008–2020.............................. 137 Ireneusz Topolski Presidential Elections in El Salvador 2019. The Defeat of the FMLN and a New Government with Nayib Bukele ................................ 173 Ignacio Medina Núñez 7 Contents The Theology of Transformations in Search of a “New Grand Narrative” . 195 Paweł Wiechetek Reviews and reports Carlos Illades, Turn to the Left. The Fourth Transformation in Mexico. From Oligarchic Despotism to the Tyranny of the Majority, Océano, México 2020 . 211 Jaime Ortega Death Is a Business. A Closer Look at Criminal Violence in Latin America . Javier Treviño Rangel & Laura Helena Atuesta Becerra (coords .), Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, México 2020 . 217 Mario Pavel Díaz Román Monika Sawicka, Brazil in the International System . Roles of the New Type Middle Power, Universitas, Kraków 2020 . 221 Katarzyna Krzywicka Información para los autores . 227 Guidelines for authors . 229 Informação para autores . 231 8 Anuario Latinoamericano Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales vol. 9, 2020 pp. 9–10 DOI: 10.17951/al.2020.9.9-10 Editorial Presentamos a nuestros lectores el noveno volumen de la revista Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales. En el vo- lumen que les recomendamos, inauguramos la idea de dedicar el contenido del “Dossier”, de uno de cada dos volúmenes de la revista publicados anual- mente, a un análisis más profundo de un Estado latinoamericano selecciona- do. El contenido del “Dossier” del noveno volumen de nuestra revista es el resultado de investigaciones de los científicos quienes se dedican al análisis de la historia, economía, política y relaciones internacionales de Venezuela. Sin duda, el Estado venezolano se muestra como un caso importante e intere- sante para un análisis multidimensional además constantemente presente en el debate científico actual tanto en América Latina como en otras partes del mundo. En 2020, los países de América Latina y el Caribe, al igual que los países de otras regiones del mundo, se enfrentaron a la pandemia del COVID-19, dando una dura batalla para proteger la vida y la salud de sus ciudadanos y la estabili- dad de los sistemas estatales. La necesidad de centrarse en esta nueva amenaza no ha reducido la envergadura de otros problemas que acechan los países de la región y el entorno internacional. Entre ellos se encuentra, sin duda, la larga, profunda y multifacética crisis de Venezuela. La crisis política en este país consiste en la violación de los principios del Estado de derecho y de la separación de poderes lo cual constituye el funda- mento del Estado de derecho democrático. Otro aspecto de la crisis política es la crisis de gobernabilidad, que se manifiesta, inter alia, a través del fenó- meno del poder dual, por un lado, ejercido de facto en el territorio del país por el gobierno autoritario de Nicolás Maduro, que permanece en un visible aislamiento diplomático, y por el otro lado, el poder ejercido por el líder de la oposición política, Juan Guaidó, reconocido como presidente
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