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Country Case Studies Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation Country Case Studies Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation Samantha Bradshaw, Ualan Campbell-Smith, Amelie Henle, Antonella Perini, Sivanne Shalev, Hannah Bailey & Philip N. Howard. 1 Methodology Notes These are the background case notes complied for Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation. For details on the methods behind this content analysis please see the methodology section of the report. This document contains data from over 1300 sources organized by country. The sources include high quality news articles, academic papers, white papers, and a range of other grey literature. As an annotated bibliography, the country cases here make use of significant passages from these secondary sources, and every effort has been made to preserve full citation details for future researchers. The full list of references can be found in our public Zotero folder. 2 Table of Contents Methodology Notes ............................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 3 Angola .................................................................................................................................. 5 Argentina .............................................................................................................................. 9 Australia ............................................................................................................................. 14 Austria ................................................................................................................................ 23 Azerbaijan ........................................................................................................................... 27 Bahrain ............................................................................................................................... 34 Belarus ................................................................................................................................ 42 Bolivia ................................................................................................................................ 48 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) ............................................................................................ 55 Brazil .................................................................................................................................. 58 Cambodia ............................................................................................................................ 66 China .................................................................................................................................. 70 Colombia ............................................................................................................................ 80 Costa Rica ........................................................................................................................... 85 Croatia .............................................................................................................................. 104 Cuba ................................................................................................................................. 108 Czech Republic ................................................................................................................. 112 Ecuador ............................................................................................................................. 116 Egypt ................................................................................................................................ 122 El Salvador ....................................................................................................................... 128 Eritrea ............................................................................................................................... 132 Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................ 135 Georgia ............................................................................................................................. 141 Germany ........................................................................................................................... 145 Ghana ............................................................................................................................... 154 Greece............................................................................................................................... 158 Guatemala ......................................................................................................................... 163 Honduras........................................................................................................................... 167 Hungary ............................................................................................................................ 170 India.................................................................................................................................. 177 Indonesia........................................................................................................................... 187 Iran ................................................................................................................................... 194 Iraq ................................................................................................................................... 204 Israel ................................................................................................................................. 209 Italy .................................................................................................................................. 215 Kazakhstan........................................................................................................................ 221 Kenya ............................................................................................................................... 227 Kuwait .............................................................................................................................. 231 Kyrgyzstan ........................................................................................................................ 235 Lebanon ............................................................................................................................ 239 Libya ................................................................................................................................ 245 Malaysia ........................................................................................................................... 250 Malta ................................................................................................................................ 259 Mexico .............................................................................................................................. 263 Moldova............................................................................................................................ 269 3 Myanmar........................................................................................................................... 272 The Netherlands ................................................................................................................ 278 Nigeria .............................................................................................................................. 284 North Korea ...................................................................................................................... 290 OMAN .............................................................................................................................. 294 Pakistan ............................................................................................................................ 297 Philippines ........................................................................................................................ 304 Poland ............................................................................................................................... 309 Qatar ................................................................................................................................. 315 Republic of North Macedonia ........................................................................................... 320 Russia ............................................................................................................................... 325 Rwanda ............................................................................................................................. 337 Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................... 341 Serbia ................................................................................................................................ 349 South Africa ...................................................................................................................... 353 South Korea .....................................................................................................................
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