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Performance Measurement by Using Data Envelopment Analysis in Banking Industry: an Application

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Performance Measurement by Using Data Envelopment Analysis in Banking Industry: an Application T.C. DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İNGİLİZCE İŞLETME YÖNETİMİ ANABİLİM DALI İNGİLİZCE İŞLETME YÖNETİMİ PROGRAMI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT BY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN BANKING INDUSTRY: AN APPLICATION Saygın İBİŞ Danışman Prof. Dr. Tülay YÜCEL 2009 YEMİN METNİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum “Performance Measurement by Using Data Envelopment Analysis In Banking Industry: An Application” adlı çalışmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin kaynakçada gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmış olduğunu belirtir ve bunu onurumla doğrularım. Tarih ..../..../....... Adı SOYADI İmza ii YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZ SINAV TUTANAĞI Öğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı : Saygın İBİŞ Anabilim Dalı : İngilizce İşletme Programı : İngilizce İşletme Yönetimi Tez Konusu : Performance Measurement By Using Data Envelopment Analysis In Banking Industry: An Application Sınav Tarihi ve Saati : Yukarıda kimlik bilgileri belirtilen öğrenci Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nün …………………….. tarih ve ………. sayılı toplantısında oluşturulan jürimiz tarafından Lisansüstü Yönetmeliği’nin 18. maddesi gereğince yüksek lisans tez sınavına alınmıştır. Adayın kişisel çalışmaya dayanan tezini ………. dakikalık süre içinde savunmasından sonra jüri üyelerince gerek tez konusu gerekse tezin dayanağı olan Anabilim dallarından sorulan sorulara verdiği cevaplar değerlendirilerek tezin, BAŞARILI OLDUĞUNA Ο OY BİRLİĞİ Ο DÜZELTİLMESİNE Ο* OY ÇOKLUĞU Ο REDDİNE Ο** ile karar verilmiştir. Jüri teşkil edilmediği için sınav yapılamamıştır. Ο*** Öğrenci sınava gelmemiştir. Ο** * Bu halde adaya 3 ay süre verilir. ** Bu halde adayın kaydı silinir. *** Bu halde sınav için yeni bir tarih belirlenir. Evet Tez burs, ödül veya teşvik programlarına (Tüba, Fulbright vb.) aday olabilir. Ο Tez mevcut hali ile basılabilir. Ο Tez gözden geçirildikten sonra basılabilir. Ο Tezin basımı gerekliliği yoktur. Ο JÜRİ ÜYELERİ İMZA ……………………………□ Başarılı □ Düzeltme □ Red ……………... ……………………………□ Başarılı □ Düzeltme □Red ……….......... …………………………... □ Başarılı □ Düzeltme □ Red ……….…… iii ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi Bankacılık Sektöründe Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanarak Performans Ölçümü: Bir Uygulama Saygın İBİŞ Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İşletme Anabilim Dalı İngilizce İşletme Yönetimi Programı Bu tez çalışmasında Türkiye bankacılık sektörüne tarihinden bugüne geliş sürecine; özelliklerinden temel sorunlarına; ve BASEL, yabancı girişleri gibi güncel konulara değinilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada verimlilik, verimlilik çeşitleri ve verimlilik değerlendirme modellerinden bahsedildikten sonra Türkiye Bankalar Birliği’ nin sınıflamasına göre 2007 yılı için ticari banka bazında etkinlik puanlarının bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Türk bankaclık sektörünün etkinliği son zamanlarda önem kazanan “Veri Zarflama Analizi“ (VZA) adı verilen bir metodla değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulama bölümünde girdiye yönelik CCR - VZA modeli tercih edilmiştir. Uygulama bölümü sırasında etkinlik skorları ve potensiyel iyileştirmeler bulunurken VZA Çözücü LV. programı kullanılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Etkinlik, Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), Türkiye’de Bankacılık Sektörü. iv ABSTRACT Master Thesis Performance Measurement by Using Data Envelopment Analysis In Banking Industry: An Application Saygın İBİŞ Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Business Administration Master of Business Administration Program In this thesis it is tried to touch on banking industry in Turkey from its history to process while coming nowadays; specifications to fundamental problems; and actual issues like BASEL, foreign entry. In addition, after mentioning about productivity, productivity types, and productivity evaluation models; the study is supported with an efficiency research aimed to find the efficiency scores of commercial banks for the year 2007 according to classification in The Banks Association of Turkey. The efficiency study of Turkish banking industry is evaluated by a method called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is coming into prominence recently. In the application part DEA- input oriented CCR model is preferred. During the analysis part, DEA Solver LV. program is used for finding the efficiency scores and potential improvements. Key Words: Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Turkish Banking Industry. v PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT BY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN BANKING INDUSTRY: AN APPLICATION YEMİN METNİ ii TUTANAK iii ÖZET iv ABSTRACT v CONTENT vi TABLE LIST ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE BANKING INDUSTRY IN TURKEY 1.1. WHAT IS BANK?.................................................................................................. 3 1.2. FUNCTIONS OF BANKS...................................................................................... 4 1.3. BANK TYPES ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4. BANKING SYSTEM IN TURKEY..................................................................... 15 1.4.1. History of Banking in Turkey.................................................................... 15 1.4.1.1. Period Before The Republic .......................................................... 15 1.4.1.2. Period After The Republic ............................................................ 16 1.5. SPECIFICATIONS OF TURKISH BANKING SYSTEM ............................... 21 1.5.1. Structure of Market .................................................................................... 21 1.5.2. Structure of Employment........................................................................... 23 1.5.3. Total Assets of Banks.................................................................................. 24 1.5.4. Net Profits of Banks .................................................................................... 25 1.5.5. Credits of Banks .......................................................................................... 26 1.5.6. Deposits of Banks ........................................................................................ 27 1.5.7. Shareholders’ Equity of Banks .................................................................. 28 1.6. FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN TURKISH BANKING............................. 29 vi 1.6.1. Instability in Economy................................................................................ 30 1.6.2. Economical Crises ....................................................................................... 30 1.6.3. Insufficient Capital Structure .................................................................... 32 1.6.4. Insufficient Auditing ................................................................................... 33 1.6.5. Management Mistakes................................................................................ 34 1.6.6. High Assurance for Deposits...................................................................... 34 1.6.7. Credits Given for Partnerships.................................................................. 35 1.6.8. High Source and Operational Costs.......................................................... 35 1.6.9. Technological Innovations.......................................................................... 35 1.7. ACTUAL ISSUES IN BANKING ....................................................................... 36 1.7.1. Foreign Entries............................................................................................ 36 1.7.2. Basel Regulations ........................................................................................ 38 CHAPTER TWO PRODUCTIVITY and DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS 2.1. PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT ................................................................ 42 2.2. PRODUCTIVITY TYPES ................................................................................... 43 2.3. PRODUCTIVITY EVALUATION MODELS................................................... 44 2.3.1. Ratio Analysis.............................................................................................. 45 2.3.2. Frontier Efficiency Methodologies ............................................................ 46 2.3.2.1. Parametric Frontier Analysis........................................................ 47 2.3.2.1.1. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) .............................. 47 2.3.2.1.2. Distribution Free Approach (DFA).............................. 47 2.3.2.1.3. Thick Frontier Approach (TFA) .................................. 48 2.3.2.2. Non-Parametric Frontier Analysis ............................................... 48 2.3.2.2.1. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) .............................. 49 2.4. HISTORY OF DEA .............................................................................................. 49 2.5. DEA SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 50 2.6. DEA TERMINOLOGY........................................................................................ 51 vii 2.7. DEA MODELS...................................................................................................... 53 2.7.1. CCR Model .................................................................................................. 53 2.7.2. BCC Model .................................................................................................. 56 2.8. DEA APPLICATIONS........................................................................................
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