Morava Corridor Motorway Project Appendix-1: Gap Assessment for Scoping Report in April 2019
APPENDIX - 1 Gap Assesment for Scoping Report in April 2019
ESIA Final Draft Report May 2020 SE102-000-ES-REP-00002 1 / 132 Morava Corridor Motorway Project
Gap Assessment for Scoping Study
April 2019
ANKARA Morova Corridor Motorway Project
Gap Assessment for Scoping Study n n o o i e i t s s i a Prepared by Checked by Approved by r v D e e V R
Yasemin Dragan Elçin Kaya Celal Denizli Zeynep Çelikler Vojislav Filipovic D. Emre Kaya Günal Özenirler Celikel Kovacevic 9 1 0 l
2 Environmental a 0
, International Social Impact Environmental Environmental . n i 5 Sociologist Ecologist Archaeologist C
l
F Ecologist Specialist Engineer Engineer Engineer, M.S. i r p A
Revision Codes: A: Draft, B: Final Draft, C: Final
Project No: 19/003
April 2019
Client: Client: Consultant:
international
Balmumcu Mah., 11 Pilgrim Street 2U1K INTERNATIONAL LTD. Zincirlikuyu Yolu No: 10, 34349, London PS 6 - 3rd Floor, The Meydan Office Beşiktaş Istanbul, Turkey England Tower Phone: +90 (212) 376 10 00 EC4V 6RN Meydan Road, P.O. Box 450676 Fax: +90 (212) 376 19 80 UnitedKingdom Dubai – UAE Tel: +44 20 7651 7777 : +90 (533) 283-6569 Fax: +44 20 7651 7972 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page List of Annexes ...... iii List of Tables and Figures ...... iv List of Abbreviations ...... v 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2. GAP ASSESSMENT PROCESS ...... 3 2.1 Aim of the Gap Assessment Document ...... 3 2.2 Methodology of Gap Analysis ...... 3 2.2.1 Desktop Review ...... 3 2.2.2 Reference Documents ...... 4 2.2.3 Field Visit ...... 4 2.2.4 Reporting ...... 5 2.3 Expert Team ...... 6 2.4 Limitations ...... 6 2.5 Preliminary Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 6 3. PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 9 3.1 Project Location ...... 9 3.2 Area of Influence ...... 10 4. RELATED PLANS OF RELEVANCE ...... 12 5. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 13 5.1 National Legislative Requirements ...... 13 5.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 13 5.1.2 Nature Conservation ...... 16 5.1.3 Environment ...... 16 5.1.4 Labour and Working Conditions ...... 19 5.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 19 5.1.6 Public Disclosure ...... 20 5.1.7 Land Acquisition ...... 20 5.1.8 Cultural Heritage ...... 21 5.2 International Standards and Guidelines ...... 21 5.2.1 UK Export Finance (UKEF) ...... 21 5.2.2 Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) ...... 22 5.2.3 IFC Performance Standards ...... 22 5.2.4 Equator Principles ...... 23 5.3 Gap Assessment between International ESIA and National EIA Processes ...... 24 5.4 International Conventions and Agreements ...... 25
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6. SUMMARY OF INITIAL STAKEHOLDER STUDIES ...... 27 6.1 Natural Reservation Institution ...... 28 6.2 CIP ...... 29 6.3 Highway Institute ...... 30 6.4 Roads of Serbia ...... 31 6.5 Jaroslav Cherni ...... 32 6.6 Summary of Catch interviews ...... 34 7. PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS ...... 41 8. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL FIELD STUDIES ...... 44 9. SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS ...... 51 10. PRELIMINARY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT ...... 67 11. CONCLUSION ...... 85
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LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1 Photo log for the Ecological Field study Details Concerning the Communal Waste Disposal Sites to be Potentially Used Annex 2 Within The Scope of the Project Annex 3 Maps Annex 4 ESIA Content Annex 5 Tentative Schedule for ESIA Works
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Page Table 1-1. Project Phases ...... 1 Table 2-1. List of Experts ...... 4 Table 2-2. List of Experts ...... 6 Table 2-3. Impact Significance ...... 7 Table 3-1. Project Location ...... 9 Table 4-1. Related Plans of Relevance ...... 12 Figure 5-1. EIA Procedure ...... 15 Table 5-1. Serbian Legal Framework on Habitats and Species ...... 16 Table 5-2. Gap Assessment of National EIA and International ESIA Processes ...... 24 Table 5-3. International Conventions and Agreements ratified by Serbia ...... 25 Table 6-1. Summary of Key Informant Interviews ...... 27 Table 6-2. Summary of Catch Interviews ...... 34 Table 7-1. List of Stakeholders ...... 41 Table 8-1. Summary of Environmental and Ecological Field Studies ...... 44 Table 9-1. Environmental and Social Appraisal: Compliance Summary ...... 51 Table 10-1. Preliminary Impacts of Construction Phase of the Project ...... 67 Table 10-2. Preliminary Impacts of Operation Phase of the Project ...... 81
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AoI Area of Influence ECA Export Credit Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EP Equator Principles ESHR Environmental and Social Human Rights ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EU European Union IFC International Finance Cooperation IJC Jaroslav Cerni Water Institute ILO International Labour Organisation MCTI Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation PPM Public Participation Meeting PS Performance Standards SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan UKEF UK Export Finance
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document is the Gap Assessment for Scoping Study for the ‘Morava Corridor Motorway Project’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Project’) located in the West Morava Region of Serbia. Construction of the Project will be conducted under international consortium between Bechtel–ENKA Construction and Industry Inc. (hereinafter referred to as “BEJV”). On the other hand, the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure is the Owner and Beneficiary of the Project. The Project is approximately 111 km long motorway that connects the country with Preljina from Poja.
This Project is planned to connect Cacak and Western Serbia with Corridor-10, and linked areas with more than 500,000 people and 21,000 companies. Also, the Project will enable faster and better quality traffic flow on the cross-link between the existing motorway E-75 Belgrade-Niš and the Ibar motorway, i.e., the new E-763 South Adriatic highway.
The Project has previously prepared National Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and received an approval from related authorities. However, in Spring of 2014, Serbia faced a tragic flood disaster that has affected houses, infrastructure, livelihood, agriculture, and industries. The Jaroslav Černi Water Institute (IJC), known as the leading research organization in Serbia's water sector, conducted a hydro-technical study in order to harmonize the Project (route and facilities in the motorway corridor) with the regime of water, the existing water facilities and the plans for water management. The objective of the Study was to present the changed hydrological conditions (after floods of May 2014) and to provide the level of protection to the Project from floods and erosion effects of watercourses.
Therefore, the Project started a new Location Condition collection in order to receive national EIA for the re-proposed Project, for all phases. This study will harmonize the Project (including route and facilities in the motorway corridor) with the regime of water, the existing water facilities and water management plans.
Brief information on the Project phases is presented in Table below. For convenience, the project has been divided into 3 phases including 9 sections distributed differently along each phase, to better allow for construction planning.
Table 1-1. Project Phases Preliminary Design Phase Location Length Section Year Pojate (loop) to Phase I bridge in the South 27 km Sections 1 through 3 2012 Morava Bridgein the South Phase II Morave to 53 km Sections 4 through 7 2013 Makresane Makresane to Phase III 31 km Sections 8 through 9 2012 Kosevi
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The EIA report covers the project characteristics and national legislative framework in detail, impact assessment (in particular, noise and air impacts) and mitigation measures to a certain extent. However, the EIA Report does not cover the social baseline surveys, detailed ecological and archaeological field surveys. According to the existing EIA Report, the Project encompasses the following facilities: 10 bridges, 7 culverts, 4 underpasses, 7 overpasses and one existing overpass that are being reconstructed.
The proposed Project shall be funded by UK Export Finance (UKEF) and Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US as well as US Exim Bank, which require ESIA to be prepared in accordance with the “IFC Guidelines of the World Bank Group” and the Serbian Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation.
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2. GAP ASSESSMENT PROCESS
2.1 Aim of the Gap Assessment Document
This Report assesses the available information on environmental, social, health and safety, and public consultation in regards to national requirements, all relevant EU substantive environmental standards, and IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability (IFC PSs).
It further assesses the extent of the risk posed by each identified gap, and provides an opinion as to whether the risk issue should be further assessed and/or considered for avoidance, minimization and mitigation, and how it should be monitored.
In this regard, this Report provides a compliance matrix for the Project, summarizing and comparing the Project requirements with the IFC PSs relevant to the Project, and the extent to which these have been met and the actions required to meet them.
The Report identifies the requirements for any further investigations and supplementary documentation that will need to be prepared as well as additional procedures and activities that will need to be undertaken so as to meet the IFC PSs.
It is important to note that, this Report has been prepared based on the latest project information available at the stage of the Project design.
2.2 Methodology of Gap Analysis
The initial gap analysis was based on the professional experience and expertise team formed for the Project, discussions with the wider project team, and reviews of the existing project documents. The approach to the gap analysis is based on IFC’s PSs but Equator Principles are also considered.
2.2.1 Desktop Review
The desktop review includes an environmental and social appraisal of the existing environmental and social documentation and any available strategic level assessment documentation (including national EIA), plus supporting documentation.
A review of the existing Project specific documents conducted in order to understand the previous studies that have been carried out and to identify the main topics to be further assessed in the scope of gap assessment.
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2.2.2 Reference Documents
Following list presents existing resources that have been reviewed to assess environmental and social documentation and other Project relevant documentation.
Project design and route information
Studies on the Environmental Impact Assessment Project of the E-761 Motorway Project border of Republika Srpska - Pozega - Preljina - Pojate, section Pojate - Krusevac (Kosevi) from km 0-229.75 to km 27 + 600.00 (Traffic Institute CIP, 2018)
EIA of Preliminary Design of Motorway E - 761 Pojate – Preljina, Section: Adrani – Mrcajevci (Institute for Roads J.S.C.,2011)
Hydro technical Study Corridor of the Motorway E-761, Section Pojate-Preljina
Field Study Outcomes (March 18 – 22, 2019)
2.2.3 Field Visit
The following table includes the list of observation points to be visited during the field surveys in order to carry out ecological and social as well as archaeological observations.
Table 2-1. List of Experts WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Survey ID Nearest Settlement X Y 1 535756 4844178 Pojate 2 534982 4842945 Pojate 3 533632 4840939 Varvarin- Ćićevac 4 533059 4839726 Varvarin- Ćićevac 5 532941 4836542 Stalać 6 531728 4836514 Maskare 7 531158 4835405 Maskare 8 529422 4834589 Bošnjane 9 530611 4836223 Maskare 10 530075 4831026 Makrešane -Šanac 11 529735 4829310 Makrešane 12 525796 4828486 Krusevac- Bivolje-Jasika 13 522036 4827134 Čitluk 14 518177 4827010 Kukljin 15 511578 4828400 Seliste 16 505753 4830408 Medvedja 17 502106 4830860 Trstenik- Bogdanje 18 496286 4831285 Vrnjci -Ruđinci 19 495717 4832425 Vrnjci-Lozna 20 490817 4834392 Vrnjci 21 487069 4835834 Podunavci 22 486892 4838232 Podunavci
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Survey ID Nearest Settlement X Y 23 482829 4838366 Vrba 24 479196 4841989 Kraljevo -Kovanluk 25 476970 4842767 Kraljevo 26 474658 4843714 Kraljevo -Grdica 27 472097 4846280 Popovići 28 466463 4849156 Lađevci 29 463165 4851451 Katrga 30 458656 4856063 Donja Gorevnica 31 454777 4857892 Stančići 32 452735 4860950 Čačak 33 451432 4862990 Čačak
Field studies were carried out in between March 18 and 22, 2019. In the scope of the site visit, in addition to the field observations, meetings with local stakeholders including the local EIA consultants, local authorities etc. of which a list is provided in Table 6.1 in Section 6.
2.2.4 Reporting
After the assessment process the environmental and social issues, findings from the site visit, observations, document review and key informant interviews were summarized and presented to the BEJV as a Summary of Key Findings in this Report.
On the other hand, the content of this Report includes the followings;
Social and Environmental compliance assessment of the Project documentation in regards to national requirements, IFC requirements and all relevant international standards.
Review of the environmental and social management procedures and identify gaps (including further need of Project documentation)
Overview of findings gathered from the field study.
It is important to note that this gap analysis is not an audit nor an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.
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2.3 Expert Team
Table below presents the list of experts involved in the Scoping Report process for the Project.
Table 2-2. List of Experts Expert Name Title Dündar Emre Kaya Environmental Engineer Elçin Kaya Sociologist Celal Denizli International Ecologist Dragan Kovacevic Ecologist (local expert) Vojislav Filipovic Archaeologist (local expert) Zeynep Celiker Environmental Engineer
2.4 Limitations
The EIA Reports of the Project have not been completed for each phase of the Project. 2U1K team was presented with EIA Reports for Phase 1 and Phase 3, on the other hand, since the EIA for Phase 2 has not been completed, the information gathered for Phase 2 is limited.
Also, overall time schedule for gap assessment studies were limited, therefore, in-depth analyses were not conducted within the scope of gap assessment.
2.5 Preliminary Impact Assessment Methodology
The Project impacts may occur as positive and/or negative. Determination of the type of impact is the first step of the impact assessment process. Positive impacts are the impacts that provide improvement on the baseline conditions of the social and environmental aspects. Negative impacts lead undesirable changes on the social and environmental aspects.
The second step of the assessment is the determination of the impact magnitude and it is based on geographical size and the impact duration. The duration of the impact may be short-term, long term or permanent.
The impact duration that defines timeframe of the impact, which may include the following timeframes:
Short-term: impacts that are expected to only occur during the construction phase of the project, which is estimated to occur in four years.
Long-term: impacts that are expected to occur throughout the operation phase of the project.
Permanent: impacts that are expected to be permanent to the project affected people.
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The extent of the impact refers tothe geographical borders of the impact, which include project area, local area, regional area and national level.
Project Area: potential impacts that only cover the borders within the project site. (500 m buffer zone)
Local: potential impacts area that covers the vicinity of the Project area. (village level)
Regional: potential impacts that cover throughout Municipality level.
National: potential impacts that expected to create changes at national level.
Once a rating is completed for duration and extent, magnitude of the impact will be ranked from the following model list:
High magnitude: An impact that is widespread, long lasting.
Medium magnitude: An impact that extends beyond the area of disturbance to the surrounding area but is contained within the region where the project is being developed. The impacts are short term.
Low magnitude: A localised impact that is temporary or short term.
The third step of the assessment is the determination of the impact significance and it is based on the likelihood and the magnitude of the impact. Likelihood of the impact refers to the possibility of the occurrence of the impact and it may be negligible, not likely, likely or certain as follow:
Negligible: No impacts will occur.
Not likely: impacts are not expected. Impacts may possibly occur but infrequently.
Likely: impacts that are expected to occur in most circumstances.
Certain: the outcome of impacts will certainly occur.
Significance of the impact will be determined by using of the following matrix.
Table 2-3. Impact Significance Significance of the Impact Likelihood Unlikely Likely Certain Low Insignificant Low Low Magnitude of the Medium Low Moderate Moderate Impact High Moderate High High
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Insignificant impact: Insignificant impact is rated where a resource or receptor, including communities, will not be impacted in any way by the project, or the predicted impact is considered to be negligible or unnoticeable or cannot be distinguished from natural background variations.
Low significance: An impact of low significance can be rated where an impact will be experienced, but the impact magnitude is small (with and without mitigation) and, within accepted standards, and/or the receptor is of low sensitivity or value.
Moderate significance: An impact of moderate significance is rated when the results are within accepted limits and standards. It means that the negative impact has been reduced to a level that is low, or positive impact enhanced as far as reasonably practicable.
High significance: An impact of high significance is rated when an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/ sensitive resource/ receptors.
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3.1 Project Location
According to the existing EIA Report, the Project Area is located inside the West Morava Region of Serbia. The table below presents respective locations of each phase and sections of the Project.
Table 3-1. Project Location Phase Location Section Cadastral Municipality Phase 1 The bridge on the South Morava is led Section 1: Pojate - most on the South Morava river from km Pojate, by Pojat via Ćićevac to Stalač - City on 0 + 000 to km 8 + 055 in length of 8.06 km Ćićevac, the right bank of the river Velika and Section 2: Bridge on the South Morava river - Makrešane Lučina, South Morava. (beginning bypass Krusevac) from km 8 + 055 to Varvarin selo, km 14 + 700 with a length of 6.64 km Stalać Section 3: Makrešane (beginning bypass around Krusevac) Town of Stalać - Goals (end bypass around Krusevac) from km 14 + 700 to km 26 + 500 in the length of 11,80 km Phase 2 Bridge in the South Morava - Section 4: Krusevac (bins) - Lopaška River from km 27 + The town of Stalac Makrešane, located in the Krusevac 600 to km 41 + 500 with a length of 13.90 km Maskare basin zone. Section 5: Lopaška River - Trstenik from km 41 + 500 to Mrzenica The route was led by Stalaca - the city km 55 + 900 to length of 14.40 km Bosnjane on the left bank of the river Morava to Section 6: Trstenik - Tovarnica River from km 55 + 900 to Šanac the village of Makrešane, where the km 67 + 125 to length of 11.22 km Makrešani route crosses the right bank of the West Section 7: River Tovarnica - Adrani from km 67 + 125 to km Morava river and fits into the existing 80 + 450 to length of 13.32 km main road M-5. The route is designed with an embankment across the West Morava alluvial. Phase 3 Makrešane-Kosevi, located in the Section 8: Adrani - Mrčajevci from km 79 + 000 to km 97 + Makrešane Krusevac basin zone, on the part of the 000 in the length of 18,00 km Šanac existing main road M-5 and on the Section 9: Mrčajevci - Preljina from km 97 + 000.00 to km Bivolje same section for which the expansion 109 + 612.72 in length of 12.61 km. Lazarica of the existing road is planned for ~ 15 Jasika m. Čitluk The route is led north of Krusevac with Kukljin the alluvion of the Western Morava. Peplikac.
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3.2 Area of Influence
The Area of Influence (AoI) is an important element in assessing environmental and social impacts of a proposed development since it informs about the physical and/or social extent onto which the assessment should be performed. According to the definition given in IFC PS- 1, the AoI encompasses:
The area likely to be affected by:
o (i) the project1 and the client’s activities and facilities that are directly owned, operated or managed (including by contractors) and that are a component of the project2;
o (ii) impacts from unplanned, but predictable developments caused by the project that may occur later or at a different location; or
o (iii) indirect project impacts on biodiversity or on ecosystem services upon which Affected Communities’ livelihoods are dependent.
Associated facilities, which are facilities that are not funded as part of the project and that would not have been constructed or expanded if the project did not exist and without which the project would not be viable3.
Cumulative impacts4 that result from the incremental impact, on areas or resources used or directly influenced by the project, from other existing, planned or reasonably defined developments at the time the risks and impacts identification process is conducted. Briefly, the relevant Area of Influence for the Project, which is defined at this stage of the Project is;
The primary Project route
The extended Project area, including access roads, quarries, asphalt and batching plants, maintenance areas, and construction camps to be realized due to the Project
Waste disposal facilities and the roads associated with waste management (i.e. sanitary landfills, waste recycling facilities);
Material supply locations and the roads associated with transport;
1 Examples include the project’s sites, the immediate air shed and watershed, and/or transport corridors. 2 Examples include power transmission corridors, pipelines, canals, tunnels, relocation and access roads, borrow and disposal areas, construction camps, and contaminated land (e.g., soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments). 3 Associated facilities may include railways, roads, captive power plants or transmission lines, pipelines, utilities, warehouses, and logistics terminals. 4 Cumulative impacts are limited to those impacts generally recognized as important on the basis of scientific concerns and/or concerns from Affected Communities. Examples of cumulative impacts include: incremental contribution of gaseous emissions to an airshed; reduction of water flows in a watershed due to multiple withdrawals; increases in sediment loads to a watershed; interference with migratory routes or wildlife movement; or more traffic congestion and accidents due to increases in vehicular traffic on community roadways.
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Area extent of receptors (i.e. soil, surface water and ground water) that may be impacted from supply and waste management operations;
For Social AoI, although a corridor of 1.000 m width (500 m on each side of the motorway) along the Project route was chosen, depending on the extent of the social impact, this distance can be expanded to cover (see Table 9.1 for further explanation).
For Environmental AoI, a corridor of 1,000 m width (500 m on each side of the motorway) along the Project route
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4. RELATED PLANS OF RELEVANCE
Table below presents national plans and strategies of the Serbian Governmental Authorities that are observed to the relative in terms of obtaining references for future ESIA studies.
Table 4-1. Related Plans of Relevance Name of the Related Plan Publication Source Date Sub-Basin Level Flood Action Plan November, https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/file - Velika Morava River Basin and Right Danube 2009 s/FAP12_Velika_Morava.pdf Tributaries between the Sava River Mouth and RS- BG Border -
Flood Action Plan in the Morava River Basin November, https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/file 2009 s/FAP04_Morava.pdf National Report of the Republic of Serbia to the September, http://habitat3.org/wp- Habitat III Conference 2016 content/uploads/Habitat-III-Report- Republic-of-Serbia-EN.pdf
General Master Plan for Transport in Serbia, Final October http://www.seetoint.org/wp- Report 2009 content/uploads/downloads/2014/01/Serbi a_General-Master-Plan-for-Transport- 2009.pdf Spatial Plan for the Republic of Serbia December http://www.rapp.gov.rs/en- 2010 GB/content/cid310/spatial-plan-for-the- republic-of-serbia
Development Partnership Framework 2016-2020 May 2017 http://rs.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/serbi a/docs/Publications/DPF_ENG_30_May_2 017_FINAL_SIGNED.pdf National Action Plan on Sustainable Housing and Date not https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/ Urban Development for Serbia available projects/UNDA- 9th_tranche/Documents/Serbia/Serbia_Co untry_Profile_Action__Plan_DRAFT_ENG _final.pdf Serbia and Agenda 2030: 2018 https://rsjp.gov.rs/EN/wp- Mapping the National Strategic Framework vis-a- content/uploads/2018/07/Agenda_2030_i_ vis the Sustainable Development Goals Srbija_-_Report_ENGLISH_2802.pdf Department for Strategic Planning, Studies and Date not http://www.putevi- Development available srbije.rs/index.php/en/organisation/sector- for-strategy,-designing-and- development/department-for-strategic- planning,-studies-and-development
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5. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
An ESIA study will be carried out by way of taking relevant national legislation as well as the lenders' and other international guidelines into consideration. The main pieces of legislation and guidelines are briefly described in the following sections. They are not meant to be an exhaustive list and will be updated through the ESIA reporting phase in case of significant updates to the legislations and guidelines that are applicable to the Project.
5.1 National Legislative Requirements
5.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment
Serbia has mostly adopted the European Union regulatory requirements on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) into national legislation, including the EIA Directive (Directive 92/11/EC). The national EIA procedure comprises the phases of screening, scoping, impact assessment and public consultation, furthermore, an EIA is required during the Preliminary design phase of a project. The requirement for an EIA is initiated by a formal screening study to identify the categorization of the proposed project. The fulfillment of EIA requirements is a requirement to receive construction permit for the proposed project.
The preparation of plans and technical documentation for the motorway field is regulated by various regulations under the Republic of Serbia, the list below presents the main classifications of these regulations in that matter, respectively;
1. Regulations on the development of planning and technical documentation: the key law for the preparation of planning and technical documentation is the Planning and Construction Law (Official Gazette No: 145 / last amendment on 2014) that regulates both the scope and the content of spatial, urban plans and technical documentation. Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment is an integral part of the spatial plan of the special purpose area.
2. Regulation in the field of environmental protection. The preparation of environmental impact assessment of spatial and urban plans is regulated by the Law on Strategic Impact Assessment (Official Gazette No.:80 / last amended on 2010) and the preparing technical documentation by the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette No: 36/ last amended on 2009).
Serbia ratified the Aarhus Convention in 2009. Provisions of the Aarhus Convention were incorporated into the environmental regulation, including the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and the Law on Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment.
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The Law on Environment Protection is the framework national environmental law. The law regulates the integral system of environmental protection ensuring the human right to live and develop in a healthy environment as well as developing a balanced economy and protection of the environment in Serbia.
The Law on Strategic Impact Assessment regulates the conditions, manner and procedure for assessing the impact of certain plans and programs, on the environment.
The Law on the Environmental Impact Assessment regulates the following:
• Process of Environmental Impact Assessment, • Content of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study, • Participation of interested authorities and organizations and the public, • Cross-border notification for projects that can have significant impacts on the environment of another state, and; • Monitoring.
The need of an EIA is regulated by the Decree on the List of Projects (2008) that an EIA is mandatory. According to the List 1, EIA is required for “construction of main highways and roads with four or more lanes”.
The Figure below presents the EIA Procedure in Serbia through flowchart.
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Figure 5-1. EIA Procedure
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5.1.2 Nature Conservation
The Law on Nature Conservation (Official Gazette No: 9 / last amended on 2010) adopted EU Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive. The Decree on Ecological Network (Official Gazette No: 102/ amended on 2010) identifies ecological network areas in Serbia and sets the management, financing, monitoring and protection requirements.
Table below presents the Serbian legal requirements in terms of protection of habitats and species as;
Table 5-1. Serbian Legal Framework on Habitats and Species Name of the Regulation Official Gazette No. and Date Regulation on the criteria for separation of habitat Official Gazette of No. 35 types, habitat types, sensitive, vulnerable, rare, and Dated on 2010 for the protection of priority habitat types and protection measures for their preservation Regulation on cross-border trade and trade in Last amended on: 2014 protected species Official Gazette No: 6 Regulation on special technical and technological Official Gazette of No. 72 solutions that enable undisturbed and safe Dated on: 2010 communication of wild animals Regulation on control of use and trade of wild flora Last amended on: 2011 and fauna Official Gazette No: 69 Rulebook on cross-border trade and trade in Last amended on: 2014 protected species Official Gazette No: 6 Regulation on the proclamation and protection of Last amended on: 2016 strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, Official Gazette No: 98 animals and fungi
5.1.3 Environment
5.1.3.1 Air
The Law on Air Protection was adopted in May 2009 (Official Gazette No. 78). According to this Law, the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning prepared drafts of subsidiary legislations, such as the Decree on requirements of air quality, the Decree on monitoring of air quality and the Decree on emission limit values of pollutants.
Also, the Law on Integrated Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control regulates the conditions and procedure of granting of integrated permits for installations and activities that may have adverse effects on human health, environment or material resources, types of activities and installations, supervision and other issues that are of relevance for environmental pollution prevention and control (Official Gazette No. 13/ dated on 2004).
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5.1.3.2 Water
Surface water quality, groundwater and sediment standards are regulated by the Decree on limit values of polluting substances discharged into surface water, groundwater and sediment and deadlines for compliance setting the limit values of polluting substances and defining five classes of the ecological status: high, good, moderate, poor and bad (Official Gazette No. 507 / dated on 2012).
Limit values of parameters related to general water conditions, oxygen regime, nutrients, salinity, metals, organic matter, and microbiology are defined by the Regulation on parameters of the ecological and chemical status of surface water and parameters of the chemical and quantitative status of groundwater (Official Gazette No. 74 / dated on 2011).
Limit values for priority and priority hazardous substances are set by the Decree on limit values of priority and priority hazardous substances polluting surface waters and deadlines for compliance (Official Gazette No. 35 / dated on 2011).
In order to ensure a unique water regime and archive water management, in accordance with national Strategy, plan of water management and appropriate technical documentation, the following water acts are issued according to the Law on Water (Official Gazette No. 95/ last amended on 2018): water conditions, water approval and water permit.
Water conditions are issued in the procedure of preparation of technical documentation for construction of new, reconstruction of existing facilities (except for the state road I and II class, omissions and bridges on them, railway road categories, underpasses and bridges on them) and for upgrading of existing objects and performing other works that can permanently, occasionally or temporary make an impact to the water regime, i.e. to endanger the environmental objectives, as well as the development of planning documents for landscaping, management of fisheries and protected areas and forest management. Water conditions shall determine the technical and other requirement that must be fulfilled in the construction, upgrading, and reconstruction of objects, development of planning documents and other works from previous paragraph, in order to comply with the provision of Law on water and by-laws.
List of objects for which the water conditions are issued are defined through Article 117 of Law on water. Names of institutions in charge for issuing of water conditions are described for all the objects within Article 118 of the Law on water (Ministry, Competent authority from Autonomous province of Vojvodina, Water Management Company and local competent authority).
Water consent is obtained for all the object and works and planning documents defined through paragraph 1, Article 119 of the Law on Water. For example:
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Extraction and deposit on aquatic soil: river deposits, stones and other materials from the river valley, river spruce, river alluvion and from the coast of natural water courses, natural and artificial reservoirs, peat for agriculture; re-cultivation of exploitation field and immediate environment, upon completion of extraction;
Other objects and works that may temporarily, occasionally or permanently cause changes in the water regime or which may be affected by the water regime, etc.
By water consent referred to the paragraph 1 Article 119, it is determined that the technical documentation for the objects, works and planning document referred to paragraph 1 Article 119 is done in accordance with the issued water condition. Period of validity for the water consent is defined through Article 120 and 121 of the Law on water for certain occasions.
The water permit shall determine the manner, conditions and scope of water use, manner, conditions and volume of wastewater discharging, storage and discharge of hazardous and other substances that may contaminate water, as well as conditions for other works affecting the water regime. The water permit is issued by the authority i.e. public water management company, in charge for issuing of water conditions.
Prior to issuing of a water permit for facilities and works for which a water permit is issued by the Ministry and the competent body of the autonomous province, the applicant is obligated to obtain the report from a public water management company on the fulfillment of conditions from water conditions, water consents or water permits.
The water permit for use of groundwater cannot be issued without the decision of the ministry responsible for geological exploration of established and classified reserves of groundwater. The Water permit is issued for a limited period of time, 15 years at the most. Regulation on determining cases in which a water permit is required to be obtained (Official Gazette No. 30/ dated on 2017) prescribes the cases for which water permit is required in the procedure for issuing of water acts.
5.1.3.3 Soil
Standards for contaminated soil and groundwater are stipulated by the Regulation on the program for systematic monitoring of soil quality, indicators for evaluation of soil degradation and methodology for preparation of remediation program Official Gazette No.88/ dated on 2010).
5.1.3.4 Noise
Environmental noise is regulated by the Law on Environmental Noise (Official Gazette No. 88/ last amended on 2010) as the main legislative document.
The permitted noise levels are defined by the Decree on environmental noise indicators, limits values, assessment methods of the noise indicators, the nuisance and the harmful effects (Official Gazette No. 75/ last amended on 2010). This Decree stipulates the noise
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levels, which must not be exceeded. According to Annex 2 of the Decree, the defined noise limits are applied to the all-encompassing noise generated by all noise sources at the site. However, it is not stated what the appropriate noise limit is in the case of a new development, where the prevailing noise levels already exceed the stated values.
5.1.3.5 Waste
The main legislative document in Serbia regulating the waste management is the Law on Waste Management. The Law is supplemented by 29 by-law documents regulating specific waste management aspects. In 2015 the Law was revised and amended to more precisely transpose certain requirements of the Waste Framework Directive.
Hazardous waste is primarily regulated by the Law on Waste Management (2010) and the Regulation on Categories, Testing and Classification of Waste (2010).
5.1.4 Labour and Working Conditions
Serbia was a member state of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) between 1919 and 1992 and restarted its membership in 2000. The country has ratified 72 ILO International Labour Standards (Conventions), including the eight fundamental Conventions that are;
1. Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) 2. Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) 3. Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) 4. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) 5. Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) 6. Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) 7. Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) 8. Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)
Labour and human resource management in Serbia are primarily addressed through the Labour Law (Official Gazette No. 75/ last amended on 2014). Compliance with labour laws is monitored by the Labour Inspectorate of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy of the Republic of Serbia.
5.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety
Occupational health and safety matters are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy. The Occupational Health and Safety Law is the main law on Occupational Health and Safety issues in Serbia. The Law was enforced in 2005 (Official Gazette No: 101) and incorporated the principles of the EU Workplace Health and Safety Directive (89/391/EEC). The Law is based on the objectives as;
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1. Training; 2. Protective measures on workers; 3. Appropriate work environment; 4. Evaluation of the risks; 5. Risk prevention; 6. Reduce the impact on potential risks; and, 7. Immediate action against the risk.
5.1.6 Public Disclosure
According to Serbian legislation; everyone shall have the right to be informed accurately, fully and timely about issues of public importance. These provisions are included in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (2006), as well as in the Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance (Official Gazette No: 36 /last amended on 2010).
The Law on Planning and Construction (Official Gazette No: 145/ last amended on 2014) regulates the development and adoption of spatial and urban plans in the nation, which are all subject to a public disclosure and consultation process.
There are two Public Participation Meetings (PPM) in order to be in line with EU Directives. The PPM starts from the scoping phase of the proposed project.
The announcement of the Application for a decision on the scope and content of the EIA Study will be published in the local newspaper and available for 15 days during the scoping phase of the project. Furthermore, final EIA review and comments of the public will be evaluated by the authorities.
5.1.7 Land Acquisition
Land in Serbia is legally categorized as construction land or agricultural land. Land needed for construction of the state-funded projects is typically acquired through expropriation, regulated by the Law on Expropriation (Official Gazette No: 55 / last amended on 2013). The Law enables government institutions to acquire private property for projects that are deemed to be of national and/or local interest, while protecting the interests of all project-affected persons with the legal title, whose assets are to be expropriated. The Law also enshrines the principle of fair compensation.
According to the Planning and Construction Law (Official Gazette No: 145 / last amended on 2014) agricultural land can be used for construction through the adoption of relevant spatial plans. In the case of traffic infrastructure (railway) development, the Spatial Plan of the Special Purpose Area needs to be adopted by the relevant state authority.
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5.1.8 Cultural Heritage
The Serbian Cultural Property Law regulates the protection and use of cultural property and defines conditions for the implementation of activities relating to the protection of cultural property. According to Article 109 of the Law;
If archaeological sites or archaeological artefact are found in the course of execution of construction and other works, the executor of works shall immediately and without delay suspend works and inform the competent institute for the protection of cultural monuments, and take measures so that the finding is not destroyed and damaged, and that it is preserved in the place and position where it was found;
In the event of immediate danger of damaging the archaeological site or artefact, the competent institute for the protection of cultural monuments shall temporarily suspend the works until it is established, based on this Law, whether the immovable property or object are cultural property or not; and
If the competent institute for the protection of cultural monuments fails to suspend the works, the works will be suspended by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments.
5.2 International Standards and Guidelines
5.2.1 UK Export Finance (UKEF)
UK Export Finance (UKEF) is the United Kingdom’s Export Credit Agency (ECA). UKEF determines whether applications for support fall within the scope of the OECD Common Approaches and Equator Principles for funding.
The OECD Common Approaches recognizes that the primary role of ECAs is to promote trade in a competitive environment (in contrast to development banks and agencies which focus primarily on development assistance) and that ECAs have a responsibility to consider the positive and negative Environmental and Social Human Rights risks (ESHR) and impacts of projects, in particular those in sensitive sectors and/or located in or near sensitive areas, and the ESHR risks associated with existing operations, in deciding whether to offer support.
All projects are initially screened to determine whether the project falls under the Guidelines of the Common Approaches (2016) and to categorize them as A (sensitive), B (potential environmental and/or social impact) or C (minimal or no potentially adverse environmental and/or social impacts).
Impact Assessments and Environmental and Social Management Plans produced by the project sponsor against host country laws and the relevant international standards, typically the IFC PSs. UKEF, also adopted the Equator Principles. Similarly, Equator Principles refers to IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability and the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for the project type (Toll Roads),
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which is of concern for financial support. UK Export Finance’s assessment of the potential ESHR impacts took account impacts, receptors and issues during the construction and operations phases including but not limited to:
Health and safety (of workers and local communities) Emissions to the atmosphere Wastewater treatment; Waste and hazardous materials management; Labour camps; Community engagement; Grievance mechanisms; Emergency Response; and Traffic Management.
5.2.2 Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
In 2004, OPIC Environmental Handbook was published to provide information to OPIC’s users, as well as the interested public, with respect to the general environmental guidelines, assessment and monitoring procedures that OPIC applies to prospective and ongoing investment projects. Furthermore, in 2010 the OPIC Environmental and Social Policy Statement (ESPS) was released to provide the applicants with the general environmental and social requirements that OPIC applies in evaluating prospective projects seeking OPIC support. On January 13, 2017 OPIC updated the Environmental and Social Policy Statement. This Policy Statement adopts, as a standard for the environmental and social review process, the IFC’s Performance Standards (PSs) on Social and Environmental Sustainability.
5.2.3 IFC Performance Standards
The proposed Project will likely be funded by UK Export Finance (UKEF) and Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US as well as potentially US Exim Bank, which require Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Report to be prepared in accordance with the “IFC Environmental and Social Performance Standards. Therefore, this Report is based on the relevant IFC PSs and guidelines as international requirements. The IFC is an international financial institution, which offers investment, advisory, and asset management services to encourage private sector development in projects. It was established in 1956 as the private sector arm of the World Bank Group to advance economic development by investing in strictly for-profit and commercial projects, which reduce poverty and promote development. To provide a means of managing the social and environmental risks and impacts on projects, the IFC have developed their Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability (amended in 2012). The Performance Standards are designed to help avoid, mitigate, and manage risks and impacts as a means of doing business in a sustainable way, including stakeholder engagement and disclosure obligations of the client in relation to project level activities. In other words, IFC requires the
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Subcontractor to carry out an environmental and social assessment of Project-related impacts according to the PSs, which are listed as follows:
PS1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts;
PS2: Labour and Working Conditions;
PS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention;
PS4: Community, Health Safety and Security;
PS5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement;
PS6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources;
PS7: Indigenous Peoples; and
PS8: Cultural Heritage.
The following guidelines of the IFC, which are deemed relevant to the Project, to be followed during the ESIA study are as follows:
The IFC General EHS Guidelines, dated April 30th, 2007;
The IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Toll Roads, dated April 30th 2007;
The IFC Workers’ Accommodation: processes and standards, dated September 2009.
5.2.4 Equator Principles
The Project parties should be aware of the Equator Principles, which were developed in alignment with the PSs. The Equator Principles, established in June 2003, and subsequently reviewed in 2006 and 2013, is a risk framework for identifying, assessing and managing environmental and social risks in project finance transactions. This framework is based on the IFC Performance Standards and the World Bank Group EHS Guidelines. Financial Institutions have adopted the Equator Principles in order to ensure that the Projects financed are developed in a manner that is socially responsible and reflects sound environmental management practices. The principles comprise a set of ten broad principles that are underpinned by the environmental and social policies, standards and guidance of the IFC. The Equator Principles are as follows:
Principle 1: Review and Categorization;
Principle 2: Environmental and Social Assessment;
Principle 3: Applicable Environmental and Social Standards;
Principle 4: Environmental and Social Management System and Action Plan;
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Principle 5: Stakeholder Engagement;
Principle 6: Grievance Mechanism;
Principle 7: Independent Review;
Principle 8: Covenants
Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting; and
Principle 10: Reporting and Transparency (Equator Principles Financial Institutions, 2013).
5.3 Gap Assessment between International ESIA and National EIA Processes
The most prominent topic, which requires further elaboration in national EIA legislation is “Social Impact Assessment (SIA)”. Additional studies and implementations are required in this topic for internationally financed projects to achieve alignment with international standards. For example, implementation of detailed socio-economic surveys at Project Site and the establishment of a Grievance Mechanism are not stipulated by the national EIA legislation. However, these are required by international standards.
Table below presents the further work of actions that are not required by the Serbian framework, however, needs to be incorporated in the scope of ESIA process.
Table 5-2. Gap Assessment of National EIA and International ESIA Processes Process ESIA EIA Description Categorization Yes Yes International Finance Institutions and national legislation categorizes the infrastructure projects in order to determine what type of documents is required to be prepared by the related parties. Stakeholder Yes No Unlike the necessity of stakeholder consultation and preparation Engagement Plan of SEP in ESIA studies, formal stakeholder engagement plan is not required under national legislation. Consideration of Yes Yes Both the impact assessment process for international and Alternatives national regulatory requirements, require the consideration of other feasible approaches, including alternative locations, technologies, scales and ‘no project’ options Environmental Impact Yes Yes The environmental impact assessment requirements are Assessment generally aligned. The standards adopted in the environmental assessment undertaken for the ESIA should be in line with European and other international best practice. The requirements under the national EIA regulatory process need to ensure compliance with national legislation and not the regulatory requirements outside of the country. Social Impact Yes Limited The national regulatory requirements for impact assessment are Assessment primarily focused on environmental requirements with other requirements encompassed in other regulatory (e.g. ‘planning’) mechanisms. A formal socio-economic impact assessment is not required under national legislation. However, the local national legislation does require assessment of effects where impacts are associated with impacts to human health.
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Process ESIA EIA Description Expropriation Yes Limited Although there is strong encouragement in the wording in the IFC PS 5 in particular to enter into negotiated settlements, rather than expropriate by use of eminent domain power, the National legislation does not offer such encouragement. Environmental and Yes No ESMP is not typically included as a requirement in the national Social Management legislation. Plan Labour and Working Yes Limited The main gap is that IFC requires the inclusion of contractors’ Conditions involvement in Project Standards. Non – Technical Yes Yes NTS is required for international requirements for use as a Summary disclosure document. It is recognized as good practice to produce an NTS to provide readily accessible summary of the project key features, an assessment of its effects, the proposed mitigation measures and a summary of the residual impacts. Public Consultation Yes Yes The public consultation process for both international and and Disclosure national regulatory purposes is required. Grievance Mechanism Yes No A Grievance Mechanism is not a formal requirement under the national regulatory requirements. However, grievances are reported under the consultation process and are encompassed under other regulatory mechanisms (e.g. the local ‘planning’ process).
5.4 International Conventions and Agreements
Table below presents the international conventions and agreements that are related to the Project application, respectively.
Table 5-3. International Conventions and Agreements ratified by Serbia Name of the Convention Details Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance was adopted in Iran in February 1971 and came into force in December 1975. The Convention considers the subject area of wetland conservation and comprises three elements of activity. The three elements are; the designation of wetlands of international importance as Ramsar sites, the promotion of sustainable use of all wetlands on the territory of each country, and international co-operation with other countries to further the sustainable use of wetland and their resource. The Convention on Biological The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was adopted Diversity in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, and came into force in December 1993. It was the first global treaty to provide a legal framework for biodiversity conservation. The treaty has three primary goals; the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. Signatories to the Convention are required to create and enforce national strategies and action plans to conserve, protect and enhance biological diversity. The Republic of Serbia ratified the convention in 2002. The Bern Convention The requirements of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitat came in into force in 1982. The Convention requires signatories to ensure the conservation and protection of wild plant and animal species that are listed within the Convention which number over 500 wild plants and more that 1000 wild animal species. The Republic of Serbia ratified the Convention in 2007.
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Name of the Convention Details The Bonn Convention on The aim of the convention in respect to migratory species is to achieve Conservation of Migratory their effective management across national or jurisdictional boundaries. Species of Wild Animals Threatened migratory species are listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention. The signing states are obliged to protect them. The migratory species in need of international cooperation for their conservation are listed in Appendix II. The convention allows for development of special international agreements. These agreements include those protecting populations of European bats (Eurobats), African-Eurasian migratory water birds (AEWA) and birds of grassland habitats (Grassland Birds). Serbia ratified the Bonn Convention in 2007. European Landscape Serbia is a signatory to the European Landscape Convention (ELC), the Convention fundamental point of which is that all landscapes are important, not just in special places and whether beautiful or degraded. The implementation of the ELC is included in the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2010- 2020 (Official Gazette No. 88/ established on 2010), which includes a section on the Protection and Development of Landscapes. This states that “The basic goal of protection and development of landscapes in Serbia is to achieve various high quality and adequately used landscapes and physically developed rural and urban settlements pleasant for living and leisure, with rich identity based on respect and affirmation of natural and cultural values”.
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For the initial stakeholder analysis, Key Informant Interviews (KII) were carried out to
understand the Justification of the Project,
obtain updated information on the EIAs prepared for the different phases of the Project and
understand the possible environmental and social impacts and the approach to mitigations of the impacts. It should be noted that, these interviews were carried out in an unofficial way and the scope of the meetings were limited since the ESIA process did not start officially.
KII are carried out by;
Company Name Task BECHTEL Josie Dujmovic Environmental Services Manager ENKA Cemil Aytimur Corporate HSE Lead Engineer Environmental Engineer and Co -Founder of 2U1K Emre Kaya 2U1K 2U1K Celal Denizli Biologist 2U1K Elçin Kaya Sociologist Local Environmental Expert and ENACTA Dragan Kovacevic, Director and Co-Founder - ENACTA ENACTA Vojislav Filipovic Local Archaeologist
The table below presents the interviewed institutions and their roles within the Project.
Table 6-1. Summary of Key Informant Interviews Date Key Informant Role in the Project 18 March 2019 Institute for Nature Protection of Determination of protected Serbia. biodiversity areas and the preparation of protection procedures. 18 March 2019 CIP Institute of Transportation CIP Ltd, Belgrade is a company registered with the Serbian Business Registers Agency mainly for works for Engineering services and technical consulting. CIP is responsible party for preparation of EIA Reports for Phase-1 and Phase-2. 18 March 2019 Highway Institution It is engineering and technical consulting company and responsible party for preparation of EIA Report for Phase-3.
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Date Key Informant Role in the Project 21 March 2019 Roads of Serbia Responsible party for maintenance and preservation, exploitation, construction, reconstruction, organization and control of toll collection, development and management of I and II category state roads in the Republic of Serbia. 22 March 2019 Jaroslav Cherni Responsible party to conduct Hydro technical study corridor of the E- 761, also known as the Project.
6.1 Natural Reservation Institution
The Institution is responsible to determine protected species within the scope of the national EIA preparation. The guiding document during this determination is “Rulebook on declaration and protection of protected and strictly protected species of plants, animals and fungi, Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia, No 5/10, Belgrade.”
Serbia does not have a Habitat map that can be used during the ESIA, however during the classification of the species “European Nature Information System” is being used.
Impact of the Motorway construction:
According to the interview with the Natural Reservation Institution’s expert, the most important impact on biodiversity is the alignment of the Project since the route is interfacing with bird and bat migration routes.
Some sections of the alignment passes through national forests. It should be noted that the forest areas on the route are not considered as natural protected area.
There is also a monumental tree, named as Stabla Cacka, near the route of the Project. Even if there was no legal obligation on protection of the Tree, it was still remarked as protected since it has a cultural importance by the locals.
Noise barriers can block the passage of animals.
Impact of the River Regulation:
The river is not currently used for drinking water purposes.
It is used for irrigation purposes, but this is not a common practice.
Fishing is a common activity in the region for hobby and household consumption.
Although there is no dam project on the river, there are Hydro-Power Plants with small capacities.
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6.2 CIP
CIP is responsible to prepare national EIA reports and design Reports for Phase-1 and Phase-2 of the Project.
EIA process:
After the flood in 2014, Jaroslav Cerni conducted a study to determine the flood zone and as a result of this this study the alignment of the Project has been changed to construct the motorway out of the borders of the flood zone. According to the studies, the Project was required to change in the alignment and river diversion, in which resulted to update existing EIA Reports.
According to the consultants involved in the EIA process, the updated EIA will not have difference in terms of horizontal design. However, the new ESIA will have difference in terms of vertical design due to hydro technical work. Due to this change in design, CIP is waiting for the location conditions to complete the EIA reports and consultants stated that they cannot provide any timeframe about the completion of the EIA reports since their work is depending on location conditions which will be provided from the Ministry for Environmental Protection.
Project Alternatives:
According to the EIA report for Phase-1, the question of the final route of the West-Moravian highway is considered an open question, since the route of the Pojate-Kruševac-Kraljevo road is almost completely constructed for various purposes (production activities, existing housing, etc.) and can almost be considered as a residential road. Alternative solution of the highway route in the valley of the Western Morava River Basin, for the Pojate-Kruševac- Kraljevo.
In accordance with the adopted goals: minimum construction costs, minimal maintenance costs, minimal operating costs, maximum safety and comfort, minimal environmental impact and minimum spatial consequences, given criteria and their indicators, a multi-criteria evaluation of the considered variant solutions of the highway route was carried out using the VIKOR method . As a result, the tunnel alternative was not selected due to budget constraints.
Associated Facilities:
The assessment of the associated facilities has not been conducted within the scope of the EIA report.
Municipalities have their own land. It is recommended that EPC Contractors to negotiate with the municipality to rent these lands for the establishment of the associated facilities.
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Impacts of the Motorway
In Phase-1, the Project is passing through agricultural lands. There is a water protection zone in 67. Km of the alignment. As a result of the Project, physical resettlement will be required.
Public Participation:
Ministry of Environmental Protection is responsible to organize the public participation meetings.
6.3 Highway Institute
This Institution is responsible to conduct EIA report for Phase-3 of the Project. According to the consultants, 95% of the Report is completed. The location conditions are expired as a result of the hydro-technical study for West Morova. The estimated timeframe for the completion of the EIA report is minimum 1 year.
Impacts of Motorway:
The consultants identified new wetlands on the route. Although these wetlands are artificial and created as a result of the material intake, it still has importance considering the bird migration routes.
There are some cemeteries, archaeological sites and monumental trees on the route that needs protection.
Nearly 10 houses will be demolished in section 8-9.
Corporate level stakeholder engagement:
The institution noted that there should be a better communication between institutions involved in the project to ensure both motorway design and river regulation work is planned and assessed properly.
Public Participation:
The plan of the Project is available on the Municipalities website and the public is aware of the Project.
There will be an EIA disclosure meeting after the finalization of the EIA report. Public will be invited to the meeting via TV and newspaper announcements.
Ministry of Environmental Protection will organize Public Participation Meetings in each municipality, located on the Project route. Printed copy of the Report will be distributed to the public to review the EIA and to give feedback on the report.
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Associated Facilities:
Separate EIA is required for concrete and asphalt plants.
6.4 Roads of Serbia
Department of Sector for Strategy, Designing and Development Department for Environmental Protection was consulted within the Institution. This department is responsible to monitor national EIA Process, which is not covering land acquisition and the other social impacts.
Impacts of the motorway:
It was stated that the magnitude of the Land Acquisition impacts will be higher when it is compared with the Environmental impacts.
The technology that will be used during the construction (asphalt, batching, borrow) will be determined by the subcontractors, which may require additional permits, and this can create delay in the Project process.
Some facilities and access roads will be lost after the Project.
Impacts of the river diversion:
The local people’s access to the river will be blocked as a result of river diversion.
The wetlands in the area will be disturbed.
Corporate Level Stakeholder Engagement:
There is no designated authority to control the usage of borrow areas and the material intake is done irregularly without formal monitoring.
The role of the local authorities for the monitoring during the construction phase is not clear for the institution,
The Institution is familiar to work with other International Finance Institutions including World Bank and EBRD. It is recommended to establish a Project Implementation Unit within the institution.
It was stated that Roads of Serbia established a Grievance Mechanism however; this mechanism is now under the control of Corridors of Serbia.
The Institution does not have an updated organization chart which states the roles and responsibilities of different departments within the organization.
During the meeting, it was observed that there is a contrast between Roads of Serbia and Corridors of Serbia, which needs to be clarified by Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure in terms of roles and responsibilities.
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Project Alternatives:
Roads of Serbia are open to new alignment suggestions to prevent and / or reduce land acquisition and river diversion impacts.
Public participation:
Roads of Serbia stated that if public reacts against to the alignment of the Project during the EIA disclosure phase, the alignment can be changed.
6.5 Jaroslav Cherni
The planning of the motorway has been started 10 years ago. However, after the damage of the flood in 2014 to the agricultural lands, Ministry of Agriculture recommended to the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure (MCTI) to consider the water level of the river during the planning of the motorway. As a result of this recommendation, MCTI requested Jaroslav Cerni to conduct Hydro-technical study to determine the flood zone.
According to the study of Jaroslav Cerni, it was determined that the alignment of the motorway is located within the borders of the flood zone which will create safety issues during the operation phase of the motorway.
In order to prevent the possible health and safety risks of the Project during the operation phase, MCTI determined a new alignment according to the outputs of the Hydro-technical Study Corridor of the Motorway E-761, Section Pojate-Preljına (2016) for the sustainability of the Project.
The new alignment of the Phase-1 and Phase-3 is determined, however, predesign works for phase-2 is still on-going.
The impacts of the river diversion:
Section 8- 9 has permanent meanders, which are in the close proximity to motorway, and this part of the river will be regulated.
There are 8 hydropower projects on the route and the change of the flow rate of the river may create impact on these facilities.
Within the last 40 years, such a diversion is not conducted in Serbia that needs specific expertise.
The material that will be gathered during the river regulation can be used during the construction of the Project and the usage of this material will prevent the additional land requirement. Approximately 6 cubic million soil will be gathered from the river regulation works which is planned to be used during construction.
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Upon the completion of the river regulation, agricultural activities in the area can be continued in a more sustainable manner.
Institute advised that material areas should not be back filled completely to create ponds. These areas can be given to the public to swim and fishing as a social responsibility.
Monitoring:
Both in the hydro-technical study report and the interview conducted in the context of the scoping studies, Jaroslav Cerni suggested monitoring of the highway construction activities and mitigation measures against the potential impacts on the water regime and monitoring during operation period.
Corporate level stakeholder engagement:
The relationship between institutions involved to the process is horizontal and MCTI should lead the institutions to cooperate to complete the official processes in a timely manner.
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6.6 Summary of Catch interviews
Table 6-2. Summary of Catch Interviews Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 5 Water A natural gas Elderly female Crossing pipelines will Stalać be affected by She heard the project from TV Route is the Project She did not experience any flood within the Village located in the close Football field village proximity to will be affected She supports the Project the settlements She stated that the younger generation would be impacted from the project in a positive way as a result of the job opportunities. She has no information on the land acquisition but she stated that the average price for 1 acre is 250 euros.
6 Borrow There is a Elderly male area chicken farm Maskare in the village General opinion about the Project is positive Female and the farm's He requested repair of the suspension bridge Village members water is of the discharged in the village which is forbidden to use due to community into the river safety issues. were He stated that villagers are vulnerable farming because they don’t have a passage during the site visit The village is affected by the flood, especially next to the farmlands borrow area. He stated that the traffic load on the roads in the village is too heavy and he thinks that the traffic load will decrease when the motorway is in operation.
Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 34 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 14 Water The Elderly male crossing community Kukljin has a He knows the project Borrow transportation He heard the project from TV Village area tool to transport cars 1500 people lives in the village Route is and materials located in to cross the He stated that the general opinions of the the close river villagers about the Project is positive proximity to The villagers have expectations about the the There are two local procurement impacts of the Project. He settlements stated that after the Project, small businesses large borrow will be opened in the region and the Project areas and the will create job opportunities. motorway passes The villagers use the river for fishing, almost every through the households are fishing for household consumption farmlands There are several fish species existed in the river including, catfish, White fish, carp, pike zonder and coomon nose.
15 Forest Borrow area is First interview crossing cancelled Middle age male Seliste since it is Borrow located in the The villager stated that they have invested a Village area protection lot for the agricultural lands in the last 2 years zone They would like to learn the alignment of the Route is Project located in the close The villagers are exporting; apple plum pears proximity to and roses the Average land size of each household is settlements approximately 2 hectares and if their land is going to be affected by the Project they will not be able to continue agricultural activities in a small proportion of the land They also have a land in the hilly areas of the village however, the quality of these lands are Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 35 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt categorized as 4 which is not suitable for the agriculture The younger generation of the villagers also rent lands from the elderly generation which increases the land acquisition impacts on the livelihoods. Second interview Two middle age male participants The participants would like to learn the alignment of the Project They stated that some plans were shown for the previous EIA The villagers have concerns related with the Project since the main income of the villagers are depending on the agricultural activities. They underlined that the estimated route of the Project will affect the most fertile lands They also indicated that the villages of Belavo Seliste Medveja Drenova are in the same situation.
Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 36 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 16 Derivation Seven houses Elderly Female are going to be Medvedja Route is resettled in She knows the Project from TV. located in this village. Village the close She would like to know the alignment proximity to She would like to learn land acquisition zone the settlements They have concerns related with the resettlement
17 Water There are Elderly Male crossing already used He stated that they are affected by the flood Trstenik- material areas and they know that there will be river Bogdanje Route is located in this regulation to prevent flood risks located in village the close The flood rose up to 3 meters proximity to the He specified that the general opinions of the settlements villagers about the Project is positive He said that their village has a young population and they will be able to work for the construction
Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 37 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 20 Route is Six houses are Middle age Male located in going to be He heard the Project 2-3 years ago Vrnjci the close resettled in proximity to this village. He has the printed version of the new Village the alignment however, he didn’t want to share settlements the source of this information
Forest He assumed that the previous alignment was crossing better than the new one and the new alignment is going the affect his house During the consultation he showed his house to the team and he underlined a few times that he is not going to sell his house He stated that the houses are really expensive and he said “Even if you give me $ 10 million, I won't give you this house”. He recommended team to change the route of the Project considering the less populated areas Their house also affected by the 2014 flood disaster, however he stated that there should be a special precautions for the flood, the new route will be also affected by the flood. He said that they also found the Roman road during the construction of the house and the area might has importance in terms of cultural heritage.
Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 38 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 21 Route is One house is Elderly Female and Male located in going to be Podunavci the close resettled in They stated that they know the Project proximity to this village. Geodynamic survey was conducted 3 days Village the settlements ago They said it would not have a big impact because the road is not close to their houses
30 Borrow The only Young Male area settlement Donja indicating that He heard about the Project from media and Gorevnica Forest the river is TV crossing used for He uses the river for swimming Derivation swimming purposes. He doesn't know the river regulation He does not expect a special impact from the project
Final March 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 39 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Project Site Point No Compone Photo Opinions of the Participants observation nt 32 Interchange 7 Middle Age Male houses are going to be He heard about the project from TV resettled. He said that the construction is starting in this year. He works in the municipality, therefore has detailed information He stated that the discussion in the municipality was not official He stated that even if the house would be affected, he is not going to react the Project, since it will create national value.
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7. PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS
For the purposes of the ESIA Report, a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) for the project will be prepared. In order to develop an effective SEP, it has been necessary to determine exactly who the stakeholders are and understand their priorities and objectives in relation to the Project. A stakeholder is defined as any individual, organization or group which is potentially affected by the Project or which has an interest in the Project and its impacts. -
Table below presents a primary identification of stakeholders below.
Table 7-1. List of Stakeholders Stakeholder Groups Government
Ministry of Environmental Protection Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry of Labour and Social Policy Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments Roads of Serbia Jaroslav Cherni (river regulation purposes)
Initial Stakeholders
Project Designers EIA Consultants ESIA Consultants
Local Administration
Kraljevo Municipality Kruševac Municipality Cacak Municipality Vrnjačka Banja Municipality Trstenik Municipality Ćićevac Municipality Varvarin Municipality
Local Communities
Obra, Bapsko Polje Cvetke Merać Miločaj Adrani Popovići Oplanići Grdica Sirča, Kraljevo, Vitanovac Ratina Zaklopača Čukojevac Vrba Stubal Konjuh
Final April 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 41 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study Bela Voda Kukljin Globoder Mačkovac Jasika Čitluk Pepeljevac Gavez Lazarica, Šanac Bivolje Dedina Makrešane Sokolići Rakova Ljubić Preljina Konjevići Baluga (Ljubićska) Baluga (Trnavska) Mojsinje, Stančići Vapa Donja Gorevnica Zablaće Mrčajevci Kukići Katrga Mršinci Goričani Vraneshi Podunavci Gračac Novo Selo Vrnjci Ruđinci Štulac Ugljarevo Lozna Grabovac Prnjavor Osaonica Trstenik Bogdanje Čairi Medveđa Odžaci Gornji Ribnik Donji Ribnik Počekovina Lopaš Velika Drenova Stari Trstenik Selište Bresno Polje Stopanja Mrzenica Grad Stalac Stalac, Lučina Ćićevac Ćićevac grad Pojate Bosniaks Maskare Varvarin
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Non-Governmental Organizations
Regional Environmental Center of Serbia Ceruda Serbia
Employees
Direct Employees Indirect Employees Temporary Employees
In addition to the above, the stakeholder mapping will seek to identify any ‘vulnerable’ groups and accommodate receiving perspectives from a variety of stakeholders, including women, elderly, youth, etc.
The project stakeholder engagement plan will focus on (a) ensuring that affected communities will be provided with access to information on the purpose, nature and scale of the project, duration and approximate timeframe for proposed project activities, risks and potential impacts on them along with proposed mitigation measures, the ongoing project stakeholder engagement process and the grievance mechanism. These will form the basis of consultation before the ESIA and ESMP is finalized.
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Table 8-1. Summary of Environmental and Ecological Field Studies
WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type
1 535756 4844178 Connection point G1.7 : Quercus frainetto to existing Thermophilous Quercus cerris highway. The Deciduous Acer monspesulanum proposed Woodland Acer obtusatum motorway route Carpinus orientalis will be diverted I1.1 : Intensive from existing tool Unmixed Crops collection location. There are restaurants and gasoline station exists. After diversion, the proposed route crosses agricultural lands.
2 534982 4842945 Route crosses G1.7 : Vulpes vulpes Agricultural land. Thermophilous Lacerta viridis There are Deciduous Corvus corax residential Woodland Streptopelia decaocto buildings in 500 Corvus cornix m corridor. I1.1 : Intensive Corvus corax There will be an Unmixed Crops Pica pica over pass for Quercus frainetto existing railway Quercus cerris and stream. Acer monspesulanum Acer obtusatum Carpinus orientalis (In ruderal section) Poa pratensis, Trifolium repens
3 533632 4840939 Route crosses I1.1 : Intensive Buteo rufinus agricultural Unmixed Crops Corvus cornix fields. Corvus corax Pica pica (In ruderal section) Poa pratensis, Trifolium repens Trifolium pratense
4 533059 4839726 Route crosses J5.3 : Highly Lacerta viridis agricultural field Artificial Non- Podiceps cristatus at the east of the Saline Standing Sus scrofa river. There is Waters Populus alba also proposed Salix alba borrow pit G1.1 : Riparian between river And Gallery and proposed Woodland, With route. Proposed Dominant Alnus, borrow pit area Betula, Populus is mixture of Or Salix riparian I1.1 : Intensive vegetation and Unmixed Crops
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type agricultural field. The area is used as a borrow pit. Small earth- based water ponds caused by material excavation. 5 532941 4836542 Main road and G1.1 : Riparian Lacerta viridis river crossing. And Gallery Streptopelia decaocto This area is also Woodland, With Buteo rufinus closed to the Dominant Alnus, Sound of a species settlements. Betula, Populus from Route mainly Or Salix Picidae(woodpeckers) crosses was recorded. agricultural fields C2.3 : Corvus cornix between the two Permanent Non- Corvus corax sides of the Tidal, Smooth- Pica pica river. Flowing Populus alba Watercourses Salix alba Spot dumped Salix triandra solid wastes to I1.1 : Intensive the river bank. Unmixed Crops There are potential asbestos remains and other hazardous materials in the dumps.
6 531728 4836514 Proposed I1.1 : Intensive (In ruderal section) borrow pit area. Unmixed Crops Poa pratensis, The area is Poa trivialis mainly used for Trifolium pratense agriculture.
7 531762 4835533 Proposed I1.1 : Intensive Lacerta viridis borrow pit area. Unmixed Crops Corvus cornix The area is Corvus corax mainly used for G1.1 : Riparian Pica pica agriculture. And Gallery Populus alba Woodland, With Salix alba Dominant Alnus, Salix triandra Betula, Populus Carex vulpina Or Salix Carex gracilis E2.1 : (In ruderal section) Permanent Poa pratensis, Mesotrophic Poa trivialis Pastures And Agropyrum repens Aftermath- Trifolium repens Grazed Trifolium pratense Meadows
11 530302 4830112 Parallel section I1.1 : Intensive Corvus cornix to existing road. Unmixed Crops Corvus corax Close to the Pica pica settlements. Passer domesiticus (In ruderal section) The proposed Poa pratensis, motorway route Poa trivialis starts from Trifolium pratense existing junction
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type and follows the existing road. In this section, only two lines will be constructed. After junction, line traverses agricultural lands. There are settlements within the 500 m corridor.
12 525471 4828542 Route follows I1.1 : Intensive Vulpes vulpes the existing road Unmixed Crops Corvus cornix on agricultural Corvus corax fields. There are Pica pica also sapling (In ruderal section) production fields. Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis There is new swage main close adjacent to proposed road corridor.
13 522036 4827134 The route G1.1 : Riparian Lacerta viridis crossing And Gallery Populus alba gardens of Woodland, With Salix alba existing houses. Dominant Alnus, Salix triandra Betula, Populus (In ruderal section) Short distance Or Salix Trifolium repens between the Trifolium pratense houses and I1.1 : Intensive Carex gracilis proposed route. Unmixed Crops
14 518705 4827604 Borrow pit area G1.1 : Riparian Lacerta viridis near adjacent to And Gallery Rana sp.(sound) the river. Woodland, With Buteo rufinus Dominant Alnus, Corvus cornix There is also Betula, Populus Corvus corax dense Or Salix Pica pica settlements at Populus alba the north of the I1.1 : Intensive Salix alba river. Unmixed Crops Salix triandra The proposed C2.3 : route crosses Permanent Non- agricultural fields Tidal, Smooth- located at the Flowing south of the Watercourses river. There will be river over pass.
15 511578 4828400 Agricultural I1.1 : Intensive Ciconia ciconia fields. Unmixed Crops Corvus corax Streptopelia decaocto Talpa europaea (In ruderal section) Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis Trifolium repens
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type
16 505753 4830408 The proposed G1.1 : Riparian Turdus merula route crosses And Gallery Sound of a species very Medveca Woodland, With from settlement. Dominant Alnus, Picidae(woodpeckers) Betula, Populus was recorded. Houses will be Or Salix Passer domesticus impacted and Streptopelia decaocto resettled. C2.3 : Corvus corone The proposed Permanent Non- Pica pica route is also Tidal, Smooth- Populus alba crossing water Flowing Salix alba protection zone Watercourses Salix triandra of groundwater wells. There is also a proposed river diversion for protection. Preliminary route design company CIP suggesting route change to eliminate the potential problems regarding resettlement, water protection zone and river diversion requirement.
17 502106 4830860 The G1.1 : Riparian Lacerta viridis characteristics of And Gallery Corvus cornix the location are Woodland, With Corvus corax similar to Point Dominant Alnus, Populus alba 16. Betula, Populus Salix alba Or Salix Salix triandra With a new (In ruderal section) proposed route I1.1 : Intensive Poa pratensis, from south of the Unmixed Crops Agropyrum repens river, CIP aims Trifolium repens to eliminate C2.3 : potential issues. Permanent Non- Tidal, Smooth- Flowing Watercourses
18 496286 4831285 The proposed I1.1 : Intensive Egretta garzetta route traverses Unmixed Crops Populus alba agricultural Salix alba areas and G1.1 : Riparian Salix triandra settlements. And Gallery (In ruderal section) Woodland, With Poa trivialis About 6 houses Dominant Alnus, Agropyrum repens needed to be Betula, Populus resettled. Or Salix C2.3 : Permanent Non- Tidal, Smooth- Flowing Watercourses
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type
19 495717 4832425 Agricultural G1.7 : Egretta garzetta fields near Thermophilous Quercus frainetto settlements. Deciduous Quercus cerris Woodland Acer monspesulanum Potential Carpinus orientalis resettlement (In ruderal section) Poa pratensis,
20 490817 4834392 Agricultural G1.7 : Corvus cornix fields near Thermophilous Corvus corax settlements. Deciduous Quercus frainetto Woodland Quercus cerris Potential Acer monspesulanum resettlement I1.1 : Intensive Carpinus orientalis Unmixed Crops (In ruderal section) Trifolium repens
21 487069 4835834 Agricultural I1.1 : Intensive Corvus cornix fields near Unmixed Crops Passer domesticus settlements. Pica pica E2.1 : Carex vulpina Potential Permanent Carex gracilis resettlement Mesotrophic (In ruderal section) Pastures And Poa pratensis, Aftermath- Trifolium repens Grazed Trifolium pratense Meadows
22 486892 4838232 Borrow pit area G1.1 : Riparian Corvus cornix near to the river. And Gallery Corvus corax Woodland, With Populus alba Mixture of Dominant Alnus, Salix alba riparian and Betula, Populus Salix triandra agricultural Or Salix (In ruderal section) fields. Poa pratensis, I1.1 : Intensive Poa trivialis Unmixed Crops Carex gracilis J5.3 : Highly Artificial Non- Saline Standing Waters 23 482829 4838366 Junction point I1.1 : Intensive (In ruderal section) and route close Unmixed Crops Poa trivialis to the Trifolium repens settlements.
24 479196 4841989 Existing road, G1.7 : Corvus cornix railroad and river Thermophilous Corvus corax crossing. Deciduous Pica pica Woodland Quercus frainetto Proposed route Quercus cerris crosses near to I1.1 : Intensive Acer monspesulanum the existing Unmixed Crops Acer obtusatum industries and Carpinus orientalis settlements.
26 474658 4843714 Borrow pit area I1.1 : Intensive Corvus cornix and proposed Unmixed Crops Streptopelia decaocto route. Turdus merula G1.1 : Riparian Populus alba The proposed And Gallery Salix alba route crosses Woodland, With Salix triandra agricultural Dominant Alnus, (In ruderal section) fields. Betula, Populus Poa trivialis
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WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type Borrow pit is Or Salix Agropyrum repens located between Trifolium repens proposed route and river. There are proposed river diversions in this section.
27 472097 4846280 The proposed G1.1 : Riparian Microcarbo pygmaeus route crosses And Gallery Egretta garzetta agricultural Woodland, With Lacerta viridis fields. Dominant Alnus, (In ruderal section) Betula, Populus Poa pratensis, There will be Or Salix Poa trivialis river over pass. I1.1 : Intensive Proposed river Unmixed Crops diversion for protection J5.3 : Highly Artificial Non- Saline Standing Waters
29 463165 4851451 The proposed G1.1 : Riparian Corvus cornix route crosses And Gallery Corvus corax agricultural Woodland, With Pica pica fields. Dominant Alnus, Buteo rufinus Betula, Populus Phasianus colchicus Proposed river Or Salix Populus alba diversion for Salix alba protection I1.1 : Intensive Salix triandra Unmixed Crops (In ruderal section) Poa trivialis Agropyrum repens
30 458656 4856063 The proposed G1.1 : Riparian Corvus cornix route crosses And Gallery Corvus corax agricultural Woodland, With Phasianus colchicus fields. Dominant Alnus, Buteo rufinus Betula, Populus Populus alba Proposed river Or Salix Salix alba diversion for Salix triandra protection I1.1 : Intensive (In ruderal section) Unmixed Crops Poa trivialis C2.3 : Agropyrum repens Permanent Non- Tidal, Smooth- Flowing Watercourses
31 454777 4857892 The proposed G1.1 : Riparian Corvus cornix route crosses And Gallery Pica pica agricultural Woodland, With Buteo rufinus fields. Dominant Alnus, Populus alba Betula, Populus Salix alba Borrow pit area Or Salix Salix triandra Proposed river Carex vulpina I1.1 : Intensive (In ruderal section) diversion for Unmixed Crops protection Poa pratensis, Trifolium pratense
32 452735 4860950 Proposed route I1.1 : Intensive Corvus cornix and junction Corvus corax Final April 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 49 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study
WGS 1984 UTM Zone 34N Environmental Site Observed EUNIS Survey ID Observed Species X Y Observation Habitat Type crossing Unmixed Crops Pica pica settlement area. Buteo rufinus (In ruderal section) Approximately 6 Poa pratensis, houses needed Agropyrum repens to be resettled. Trifolium repens
33 451432 4862990 Connection point G1.1 : Riparian Corvus cornix to existing And Gallery Corvus corax motorway near Woodland, With Pica pica to settlement. Dominant Alnus, Populus alba Betula, Populus Salix alba Or Salix Salix triandra (In ruderal section) I1.1 : Intensive Poa trivialis Unmixed Crops Trifolium pratense *Photolog for the Ecological Field study was provided in Annex-1
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Table 9-1. Environmental and Social Appraisal: Compliance Summary PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required
1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Summary:
1.1 Environmental and Social Partial EIA reports have been prepared for the three Phases of the Local Environmental Impact Assessment Assessment Compliance Project in compliance with the Law on Envıronmental Impact (EIA) process is detailed, and it is aligned Assessment Published İn The “Official Gazette Of The with IFC requirements. On the other hand, Republic Of Serbia”, No. 135/2004 (“SlužBeni Glasnik Local EIA process does not include impact Republike Srbije”, Br. 135/04) assessments related to associated facilities (i.e. access roads, quarries, borrow pits, The local EIA studies for all three sections are under revision concrete batching plants, asphalt plants and due to the major route change as well as inclusion of river camp sites) and other relevant associated diversion project required for the protection of the proposed projects (river diversion and flood protection highway. project). The local EIA Reports also do not As the information provided by CIP, the existing “Land cover social impacts. In that respect, a Condition” can be used for finalization of the local EIA Report supplementary ESIA document is required to for Phase-1 (covering Section 1, Section 2 and Section 3), with fulfil the IFC PS1. The ESIA Report should the abolition of the proposed river diversion at single location. also cover the commitments and In this regard, the local EIA procedure for Phase 1 is planned requirements stipulated in the Local EIA to be finalized in couple of months. However, land condition for Reports. Phase-2 is not available since its EIA does not exist but land Associated facilities for the motorway project condition for Phase-3 needs to be revised as its EIA is being are listed in “List 2” of the Decree on the List updated. of projects for which Environmental Impact Local EIA process is mainly based on preliminary design. Site Assessment Study could be required. Due to selection and design of associated facilities such as quarries that reason, after site selection, there is a and borrow pits, concrete batching plants, camp sites and possibility of conducting Local EIA process access roads are considered in the detailed design phase. In for each associated facility. this regard, associated facilities are left to the responsibility of the construction contractor. Due to that reason, the local EIA Reports are not including assessment of associated facilities. The local EIA Reports do not include Social Impact Assessment.
Project Description The description of the Project should be redefined by inclusion of the revised route, The description of the Project given in the local EIA Reports is associated facilities and associated river
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required based on the preliminary design and it does not include diversion project. Assessment given in ESIA associated facilities such as quarries and borrow pits, concrete should be based on new project description. batching plants, camp sites and access roads. Among three phases, preliminary design of Phase-1 is considered to be finalized. There are still uncertainties and route change possibilities that exist for other two phases Phase-2 and Phase-3. The proposed highway route follows the Morava River Valley and major sections of the proposed highway route cross the flood plain defined as 100 years return period. In that respect, river diversion arrangements including construction of by-pass channels and improvement on the riverbed to decrease the flood risk on the proposed highway are proposed. Preliminary design studies for these arrangements are ongoing. All diversions are suggested in the natural flood plain area of the river.
Alternative Analysis The existing information is not sufficient to fulfill the requirement. During the detailed The local EIA Reports regarding Phase-1 and Phase-2 provide design, a conceptual alternative analysis limited information about alternative route selection. should also be performed to show that the existing solution is an economically, socially, and environmentally viable solution.
Area of Influence (AoI) According to IFC PS1, the AoI should be defined to cover all project components In the local EIA Reports, the Area of Influence used for impact including associated facilities and associated assessment covers preliminary design route and its impact projects. In this respect, the AoI should be zone. re-defined by inclusion of associated facilities Local EIA reports do not define the social area of influence. and associated projects. The impact assessment should be based on the re- defined AoI.
Legal Requirement and Standards The local EIA Reports have been prepared in line with the local legislation. Considering Owing to the fact that the Republic of Serbia is in the that the local legislation is largely aligned accession process to the European Union, the country is in the with the EU legislation, the standards used in harmonization period with regards to the environmental the local EIA Reports form a basis for the standards of the EU. In this context, harmonization with the prospective ESIA study. In addition, the EIA Directive, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) WHO guidelines and other good practice Directive and other directives have been largely completed. guidelines as put forward by the IFC, will
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required establish the legal framework for the impact assessment studies.
Environmental Baseline Although the data collected within the scope of the local EIA studies provides a basis for In the context of the local EIA studies, two sets of baseline the prospective ESIA study, additional data have been used. The first set of data is the data collected studies should be conducted, since the data during the process of obtaining the Land Condition Decision does not cover the associated facilities and from the institutions at the beginning of the local EIA process. associated projects. Flora and fauna surveys This set includes data on biological and meteorological regarding both terrestrial and aquatic conditions as well as data on baseline water quality and environment need to be done in a timely baseline air quality, etc. manner considering the vegetation season The second set of data is the data collected at the site by the and the seasonality for different species companies, which have prepared the local EIA Report during breeding periods. In this respect, intensive the local EIA process. This set includes data on baseline noise terrestrial ecological baseline studies to levels. cover fauna species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and flora species or habitat groups and aquatic ecological surveys for the fish and plant species will be conducted.
Non Determination of Social Area of Influence (AoI) The nearest settlements to the Project Site Compliance will be considered as the first impact zone, Local EIA reports do not define the social area of influence. which is likely to be 500 m on each side. The AoI also needs to cover workers accommodations, maintenance areas, borrow pits, access roads, bridge locations and river diversion areas. During the determination of Social AoI access roads, river use patterns, forest use, noise and dust during construction and operation phase, labor influx, physical and economic displacement, changes on infrastructure will be also considered.
Non Social Baseline Updated social baseline survey needs to be Compliance conducted in the affected communities that Population census results from 2011 represented in the Local includes the following information EIA reports, which does not cover the baseline conditions of the local communities. Administrative Divisions and Governance Structure
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required Economics (livelihoods, employment, local procurement, inflation) Demographics and people (population, gender, age distribution, migration, population change, ethnicity, religion, vulnerability) Social maladies Education (literacy, local skills, national and local profile) Land tenure and use Water use and access Agriculture and Livestock Infrastructure (transportation, waste management, irrigation, sewage system, telecommunication, Tensions and conflict
Non Social Impact Assessment After collection of the social baseline, an Compliance assessment of the impacts needs to be Local EIA reports do no assess the impacts on the social conducted considering the prediction of the environment. social changes of the baseline conditions both for the preconstruction, construction and operation phases. Each impact needs to be evaluated and mitigation and enhancement measures need to be presented both for negative and positive impacts.
Corporate Level Stakeholder Engagement The Morova river is considered as an international waterway and Serbia is a According to the outputs of the key informant interviews, it has signatory country for Danube Commission. been observed that the relationship between institutions As a result, within the scope of the existing involved to the process is horizontal and the institutions strategic environmental assessment (SEA) involved to the process do not cooperate officially to discuss done for the General Master Plan for the relation of river regulation and the construction of the transport in Serbia, other signatory countries motorway. need to be informed about outputs of the EIA and ESIA processes of concern in terms of
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required The stakeholder engagement and access to information in river regulating. Serbia relevant IFC PS-1 Serbia enacted legislation in 2009 to implement the requirements of the UNECE and Aarhus Convention. National information disclosure system Local Level Stakeholder Engagement meets with the IFC’s Scoping phase public participation. However, after the completion The Serbian EIA process consists of three stages and each of the international ESIA report, outputs of stage requires public feedback. A stakeholder engagement the report need to be shared with the plan is not prepared under the EIA. Within the scope of the stakeholders, which will also include social project, public participation meetings were held for the impact assessment, stakeholder previous EIA reports prepared before 2014. engagement approach, resettlement policy framework, and the grievance mechanism. General practice in Serbia during public participation is informing the stakeholders in all environmental impact assessment stages in compliance with Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, EU Directive 2003/35/EC on public participation and Espoo Convention. The public is informed through the newspapers and Internet. The newspaper announcement is being used to share information about the Project description and invite stakeholders to public participation meetings. Since the revision will be carried out for national EIA reports that will consider river regulation, information disclosure process will also be organized again. According to the desktop study it has been found that the process has been started to share Spatial Plan of the Project. It has been seen that an early public insight meeting was conducted to share the Spatial Plan The plan was disclosed for a period of 15 days, from 30 August 2017 to 13 September 2017 in the Municipalities of Kraljevo, Krusevac and Cacak, and the municipalities of Varvarin, Vrnjacka Banja, Trstenik and Ćićevac.
1.2 Environmental and Social Partial BEJV, as the candidate EPC Contractor, currently maintain A Project-specific ESMS may be established Management Systems (ESMS) Compliance ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 management for the construction phase on the basis of the systems5. and Bechtel also has Sustainability Management corporate management systems of BEJV. System certified to BS8900. Both companies have the necessary
5 Additionally, Bechtel has a sustainability management system certified to BS8900.
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required experience and organizational structure. As a governmental agency, the Roads of Serbia does not have management systems, although it uses similar management For the operational phase of the Project, it is systems through establishing special units within the scope of necessary to establish the management the projects it implements, which are funded by different systems. financial institutions such as the World Bank and EBRD.
1.3 Environmental and Social Policy Partial BEJV have an Environmental and Social Policy in place and The Environmental and Social Policy Compliance the existing ESMS is established on the basis of the established by BEJV for the construction Environmental and Social Policy. phase can be used as a framework for the Project specific ESMS. The ESMS to be established for the operational phase will incorporate the Environmental and Social Policy.
1.4 Environmental and Social Non Although a monitoring program has been drawn up within the An Environmental and Social Management Management Plan Compliance scope of the local EIA Report, this programme cannot be and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) should be considered as an Environmental and Social Management and established to address the identified Monitoring Plan (ESMMP). The implementation of the environmental and social impacts of the monitoring programme is under the responsibility of the Project and issues and other performance Ministry of Environment and Agriculture. improvement measures to meet the PRs.
1.5 Organisational Capacity and Partial BEJV have the capability to establish the necessary The organizational structure of BEJV is Commitment Compliance organizational structure for the implementation of both the sufficient for the implementation of the ESMS and ESMMP. construction works. There is no organizational structure yet set up for The Roads of Serbia should set up a Project implementation of this Project within the Roads of Serbia. Implementation Unit (PIU). With the preparation of the ESIA Report, which will include ESMMP, BEJV implement the commitments in the ESMMP for the achievement of environmentally and socially sound project development.
1.6 Supply Chain Management Partial BEJV have a Subcontractor Management Plan in place. The existing Subcontractor Management Compliance Plan may be revised in accordance with the Project requirements to be implementable within the scope of the Project. BEJV will responsible to:
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required . Work with the local government, community representatives and NGO’s to conduct an assessment of capacity within the area of influence supply to goods and services, . Offer assistance to local companies to ensure that barriers to entry are reduced, for example by assisting companies to complete the required tender documents. . Work closely with the suppliers to provide the requisite training to the workers. The training provided will focus on development of local skills. Ensure that the appointed project contractors and suppliers have access to Health, Safety, Environmental and Quality training as required by the project. This will help to ensure that they have future opportunities to provide goods and services to the sector.
1.7 Project Monitoring and Reporting Non Although a monitoring program has been drawn up within the The ESMMP to be established as part of the Compliance scope of the local EIA Report, this programme cannot be prospective ESIA study will cover the considered as an Environmental and Social Management and necessary information for monitoring and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), which would cover the necessary reporting. information for monitoring and reporting. The PIU to be set up by the Roads of Serbia along with Bechtel and ENKA will put the ESMMP into practice for monitoring and reporting. In case the Lender considers it necessary, an independent third party consultant may be engaged.
2 Labour and Working Conditions Summary:
2 Human Resource Policies and Compliance Current EIA reports do not cover the labour requirements of During the construction phase of the Project Working Relationships the Project and the labour standards of Serbia. BEJV Human Resources (HR) policies will be Child and Forced Labour combined and integrated with the Serbian The aim of BEJV is to give priority to local labour force Non-Discrimination and Equal Labour Law and the Project specific HR system during the construction phase of the Project. This approach will be established including, HR policy, Human
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required Opportunity will lead to prevent population influx impacts of the Project, Rights Policy, Workers’ Contracts, Workers’ Workers Organizations provide employment opportunity to locals, prevents social Accommodation Plan, Local Content and conflicts and tension between the nearby communities and Training Plan, Labour Force Management Plan Wages, benefits, and conditions of the Project and provide local economic development. and Grievance Mechanism. work and accommodation Serbia is a member of International Labour Organization Retrenchment since 2000. Serbia ratified all Fundamental and For the HR management of the operation phase of the Project, responsible party as Roads of Grievance Mechanism Governance Conventions of ILO and the National Labour Law (2005) is in compliance with the IFC PS-2. Serbia needs to be integrated above mentioned Non-Employee Workers HR system into their corporate system. Supply Chain However, desktop studies showed that gender inequality is a problem within the country in terms of equal pay for equal work.
3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention Summary:
3.1 Resource Efficiency Non Resource efficiency is not addressed in the local EIA Resource efficiency should be studied as part of Compliance Report. the ESIA study. In accordance with the IFC PS 3, BEJV will implement technically and financially feasible and cost effective measures for improving efficiency in its consumption of energy, water, as well as other resources and material inputs, with a focus on areas that are considered core business activities. Such measures will integrate the principles of cleaner production into product design and production processes with the objective of conserving raw materials, energy, and water. Where benchmarking data are available, BEJV will make a comparison to establish the relative level of efficiency.
3.2 Pollution Prevention and Control - Non In the considered corridor of E-761 Pojate-Preljina, section, Ambient air quality measurements should be Air emissions Compliance Pojate-Kosevi, no systematic monitoring of air quality is performed in the considered corridor for CO, performed and there are no data on the existing air quality NOx, SO2, hydrocarbons, lead, and solid in the considered corridor. While there are data on air particles in the form of a soot. quality measurement in the territory of Kruševac, the data pertains to the year of 2015.
3.3 Pollution Prevention and Control - Partial Wastewater management is addressed in the local EIA The types of wastewater to be generated during studies for the construction and operation phases. the construction and operation phases and their
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required Waste waters Compliance Accordingly, it is stated that collection and disposal of amounts should be clearly defined within the wastewater will be carried out in line with the national scope of the ESIA study. For each type of standards. wastewater, collection and disposal methods should be clearly described.
3.4 Greenhouse Gases Non Within the scope of the local EIA Report, there is no The GHG emissions should be quantified in the Compliance quantification of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. scope of the prospective ESIA study. The scope of GHG assessment shall include all direct emissions from the facilities, activities and operations that are part of the Project , as well as indirect emissions associated with the production of energy used by the Project. Accordingly, the quantification of the GHG emissions should be conducted by BEJV annually. Management of the construction machineries and equipment including trucks and other vehicles is also an important issue in terms of GHS emissions. BEJV will follow the US Standards regarding the low emission from such machineries and vehicles. BEJV should consider alternatives and implement technically and financially feasible and cost-effective options to avoid or minimize project-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the design and operation of the project. These options may include, but are not limited to, alternative project locations, techniques or processes, adoption of renewable or low carbon energy sources, sustainable agricultural, forestry and livestock management practices, the reduction of fugitive emissions and the reduction of gas flaring from the asphalt plant (if any). Monitoring of the greenhouse gas emissions will be addressed in the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) to be established as part of the ESIA study for the Project.
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required
3.5 Water Partial Due to the fact that there are alternatives for supplying The ESIA study should define the amount of Compliance water to the Project site, in case a Project-specific water water required for the construction and operation supply needs to be developed, BEJV should seek to utilise phases of the Project. In addition to applying the water for technical purposes that is not fit for human resource efficiency requirements of the IFC PS consumption, where feasible. 3, BEJV should adopt measures that avoid or reduce water usage so that the Project’s water consumption does not have significant adverse impacts on others. These measures include, but are not limited to, the use of additional technically feasible water conservation measures within the client’s operations, the use of alternative water supplies, water consumption offsets to reduce total demand for water resources to within the available supply, and evaluation of alternative project locations.
3.6 Wastes Partial Waste management is addressed in the local EIA studies The types of wastes to be generated during the Compliance for the construction and operation phases. Accordingly, it is construction and operation phases and their stated that collection and disposal of waste will be carried amounts should be clearly defined within the out in line with the national standards. scope of the ESIA study. For each type of waste, collection and disposal methods should be clearly described. As per the IFC requirements, when waste disposal is transferred offsite and/or conducted by third parties, BEJV will use subcontractors that are reputable and legitimate enterprises licensed by the relevant government regulatory agencies and obtain chain of custody documentation to the final destination. BEJV should ascertain whether licensed disposal sites are being operated to acceptable standards and where they are, BEJV will use these sites. Where this is not the case, BEJV should reduce waste sent to such sites and consider alternative disposal options, including the possibility of developing their own recovery or disposal facilities at the Project site. The details concerning the communal waste disposal sites that will be potentially used within the scope of the Project are provided in Annex- 2.
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required
The waste management issues will be addressed in the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) to be established as part of the ESIA study for the Project.
3.7 Hazardous Substances and Partial Hazardous substances and materials management is The list of the hazardous substances and Materials Compliance addressed in the local EIA studies for the construction and materials should be provided in the scope of the operation phases. Transport, storage, handling and ESIA study. disposal of the hazardous substances and materials are indicated to be carried out in accordance with the related As per the IFC PS 3, in all activities directly national regulations. related to the Project, Bechtel and ENKA will avoid or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize and control the release of hazardous materials. In this context, the production, transportation, handling, storage, and use of hazardous materials for project activities should be assessed. BEJV will consider less hazardous substitutes where hazardous materials are intended to be used in manufacturing processes or other operations. BEJV will avoid the manufacture, trade, and use of chemicals and hazardous materials subject to international bans or phase-outs due to their high toxicity to living organisms, environmental persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, or potential for depletion of the ozone layer. The hazardous substances and materials management issues will be addressed in the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) to be established as part of the ESIA study for the Project.
4 Community Health and Safety Summary: 4.1 Community Health and Safety Non Traffic research (survey, counting) was carried using the The following management plans and procedures Traffic and Road Safety Compliance model simulation of the traffic network load in the VISUM needs to be prepared for the Project: Security Personnel Requirements software package (as well as in the basic documentation), Communicable Disease using the available data; traffic analysis and forecasts are A traffic management carried out for Phase-1 EIA report.
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required Security management Plan Social Tension The EIA report of Phase-3 does not include detailed information on traffic analysis. Community Health Safety and Security Management Plan Health impacts of the Project also discussed in the local EIAs. The health impacts of the planned highway include Emergency Response Plan impacts on the population in settlements along the Disaster Management Plan highway and motor vehicle drivers and other participants in traffic (passengers,pedestrians). These impacts include noise exposure (highway impact) and air pollution (combustion of oil and exhaust gases in road traffic). It is noticed that borrow pits are used in the close vicinity of the alignment intensely. It is clear that the country does not have a control mechanism for material procurement. The areas where material is purchased have formed wetlands, which also create high risks in terms of community health and safety as well as impacts on land. EIA Reports do not cover information about: Security Personnel Requirements Communicable Disease Social Tension
5 Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement and Economic Displacement Summary:
5.1 Avoid or minimise Non During the field study, it was observed that the project Number of parcels needs to updated considering displacement Compliance route was intensively passing through the agricultural the new alignment and the river diversion Consultation lands. All lands acquired (purchased, rented, and Compensation for expropriated) should be considered as well as Although the final number is unknown at this stage, it is displaced persons possible future land requirements. estimated that about 75 houses will be resettled according Grievance mechanism to the Google Earth count and site observations. Corporate land acquisition policy and procedure need to be prepared in line with IFC PS 5 RAP/LRP documentation In addition, new land acquisition is needed due to river requirements. RAP/LRP regulation and it is estimated that there will be restrictions Land acquisition procedure will describe in detail implementation on access to the river due to regulation. data keeping for all land acquisition requirements Monitoring There will also be restrictions on access to land due to the of the Project. project construction. The number of consultations led by the land acquisition team have to be recorded
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required The land acquisition procedure has to define land It is noticed that land use patterns are different in each valuation strategy according to IFC PS 5 and Phase. For example, in the first and second phases, national legislation. smaller land is cultivated which makes these villagers more vulnerable about the land acquisition. The reason for There has to be an asset census for the Project’s the small size of agricultural land in the first phase is seen land acquisition and determination of the cut of the result of industrialization in the area. In the third date. phase, forestry, agriculture and animal husbandry are The Project announced by politician on TV and carried out together and it is seen that there is diversity in the local people have estimations about the terms of economic resources. alignment and this situation leads them to construct immovable properties on their land and The current EIA reports do not mention the use of increase in land and house prices. ecosystem services. Almost all of the interviewed villages are using the river for household consumption. A grievance mechanism needs to be established for the landowners and users. Current EIA reports only have the list of cadastral parcels for expropriation. EIA Report does not reflect these lands in terms of loss of land, access to land and river, assess to forest, livelihood and the usage of ecosystem services.
6 Biodiversity and Living Natural Resources Summary: 6.1 Assessment of Biodiversity and Non In the current EIA report, the definitions of the habitats in The habitats along the route should be classified Living Natural Resources Compliance the regions where the project route is located are partly according to the EUNIS (European Nature Conservation of Biodiversity made. Information System) and EU Habitat Directive. Sustainable Management of In this context, major flora and fauna species forming Living Natural Resources habitats are mentioned. In the report for the EIA prepared Field studies should be performed for aquatic for Phase-3, the numerical values of the protected bird vascular plants, planktons, benthos, fishes and species along the corridor are given. However, in the terrestrial flora (vascular plants) and fauna reports, it is not known what species are on the route. (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians). During the meeting with the Institute for Nature Protection Field studies should be concentrated in forests, of Serbia, it was determined that Serbia was a party to ruderal areas (located on the edge of the international conventions and adopted its local legislation agricultural fields) which serve as a shelter for with EU legislation. fauna species and aquatic habitats. The EIA report does not include an assessment of the risk These studies should be carried out at the status according to the IUCN Red List for species along periods specified in Annex-5. Especially spring the route and whether it is protected by international season study is important in terms of flowering conventions (e.g. EU Bird Directive, EU Habitat Directive, period of flora species and migration of birds and Bern Convention, Bonn Convention, Ramsar). fish species. In addition, autumn season study is
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required No evaluation was made in the reports regarding endemic also important for the winter migration of bird species along the route. species. Also in these periods, other fauna groups are also quite active and abundant. There is no information on invasive species in the current EIA report. The studies to be conducted outside this period will not give a reliable baseline data. In current EIA reports, partial definitions of habitats have As a result of the field study, conservation and been made. However, it was not stated where these risk status of the species should be listed in habitats were located along the corridor. According to the detail. IFC PS6, modified, natural and critical assessments of these habitats have not been conducted. Invasive species along the route should be defined by field studies. In the current EIA report, information was given on the The habitat classification should be done national protected areas and it is stated that there is no according to IFC PS6 (Modified habitat, Natural protected area along the route. However, in the report habitat and Critical habitat). For critical habitat "Hydrotechnical Study Corridor of The Highway E-761, assessment, conservation and risk status and Section Pojate-Preljina", it is stated that there is a special endemism’s of species should be considered. nature reserve "Osredak" in Phase-2. During the meeting with the Institute for Nature Protection of Serbia, it was National and International protected areas should stated that there is a Natural Monument (monumental oak be indicated in the ESIA report. tree) “Stable Cacka” in Phase-3.
7 Indigenous People Summary: PS-7 is not applicable for the Project since there are no indigenous communities in Serbia. However, Albanians, Bosniaks, Hungarians and Romans are considered, as an ethnic minority within the country according to the Minority Rights Group International and these minority groups needs to be considered within the scope of ESIA studies and Stakeholder Engagement Process as vulnerable communities. 8 Cultural Heritage Summary:
8.1 Assessment and Management of Compliance National EIA reports contains information regarding EIA report has mitigation measures for technical Impacts on Cultural Heritage Conditions for the Protection of Cultural Property, which is and physical protection of cultural heritages. issued by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural However, some additional management Monuments of each Municipality. requirements needs to be applied including; According to EIA report of Phase-1, has fifteen Chance find procedure needs to be prepared archaeological sites and three cultural heritage buildings for the Project are determined in a close vicinity of the Project site. Archaeological information for Phase-2 is not available Cultural heritage supervision during the since the determination process of location conditions still operation ongoing. Archaeological sites located in Phase-1 as Chance find training to construction workers follow;
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required Ćićevac, Pojate, Staro selo - settlement, Middle Ages, Coordination with relevant authorities Varvarin, Maskare, Bedem - fortress, late antiquity, Varvarin, Maskare, Necropolis in the road profile - necropolis, antique, Varvarin, Maskare, Ornice - settlement, prehistory, Varvarin, Maskare, Ledine - settlement, prehistory, Varvarin, Maskare, Seliste - settlement, prehistory, Varvarin, Bosnjane, Kolarac - settlement, prehistory, Kruševac, Makrešane, Jazbine - settlement, multilayered, Kruševac, Makrešane, Sastavci - settlement, antiquity, Kruševac, Makrešane, Čair - necropolis, antiquity, middle ages, Kruševac, Makrešane, Tepelija - settlement, Middle Ages, Kruševac, Makrešane, Old cemetery - necropolis, Middle Ages, Krusevac, Krusevac, Buzdovani - settlement, Middle Ages, Kruševac, Dedina, Jasički put - finds money, antique, Kruševac, Čitluk, Konopljara - settlement, multilayered, For Phase-3 Institute for Protection of Cultural Heritage of the City of Kraljevo, for the preparation of the Preliminary Design of Motorway E - 761 Pojate - Preljina, Section Adrani - Mrcajevci - Preljina from km 79 + 000.00 to km 109 + 612.72 with a length of 30.62 km, carried out reconnaissance of the terrain and archaeological analysis. Based on the data obtained by the analysis, conditions were issued by the said institution. After examining the submitted requirements from the Institute, in the study area of Section Adrani - Mrcajevci - Preljina, of Motorway E - 761, which is the subject of this
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PS Performance Requirement Compliance Comments/ Issues Actions Required study, no archaeological sites were observed, or archaeological objects, which could be affected by the construction of the motorway section. During the consultations with the EIA consultancy company for Phase-3 it was stated that there is a holy tree in Phase-3 which needs to be protected.
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In order to assess the potential environmental impacts of the Project, project related activities have been reviewed against the variety of associated possible impacts and existing environmental receptors that may be affected. In order to do so following list of potential impacts have been identified for the Project scope for each operation phase, respectively.
Table 10-1. Preliminary Impacts of Construction Phase of the Project Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Loss of Impacts on natural Negative Permanent Project High Certain High The alignments will be selected Productive landscape (relief, Area in order to minimize potential Soil and soil cover, impacts to valuable landscapes, Agricultural vegetation, eco- from ecosystem, cultural and Lands systems, habitats economic perspectives. and wildlife) Pre-entry survey, replanting of rare species, prevention of damage to fauna, top soil storage. Delimitation of areas to be cleared before the beginning of the construction activities, in order to limit as much as possible the surface of vegetation to be cleared. Vegetation clearance works should start if possible before the breeding season (spring) Restoration of sites to their baseline condition where possible upon completion of construction Harvest and utilization of public domain forest resources prior to construction Compensation given to private landowners
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Removal of topsoil Negative Short term Project Low Certain Low The removed topsoil shall be material for area preserved so it can be used for re- construction of vegetation and to fill the side motorway slopes, when possible.
Geology and Accidental oil and / Negative Short term Project Low Likely Low Ground investigation and risk Soil or petroleum leaks area assessment. from machinery Construction Environmental Management Plan.
Biodiversity / Sources of Negative Short term Project Low Likely Low Apply appropriate technical Ecology artificial light can area solutions (focus light sources be jeopardizing "down", minimum illumination factors, especially without using the "decorative" light for nocturnal sources). species Use non shadowing screen for protection against the dispersion of light.
Impacts on natural Negative Permanent Project High Likely High Conduct two Preconstruction landscape for area baselines in spring and autumn habitats and seasons, respectively. wildlife Securing and making safe, all open excavations, hazardous materials, and plant machinery when not in use.
Impact on aquatic Negative Permanent Project High Certain High Consider seasonal constraints ecosystems area (motorway-river Protect water applying regulation) sediments catchments etc. River regulation should be designed in accordance with the natural structure as much as possible
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance Prepare a Waste Management Plan as part of the ESMP. Excavated materials will not be dumped into freshwater features, nor will they be stored in their proximity, Maintenance, refueling and cleaning of construction machines must be scheduled in locations distant from watercourses and which will be defined before the start of works.
Poaching by Negative Short term Local Low Not likely Insignificant Prohibit poaching construction workers
Habitat Negative Permanent Project High Certain High Design and construct fauna fragmentation area crossing points along the highway. Strictly adhere to planned route of the highway and its associated construction corridor.
Tree cutting Negative Permanent Project High Certain High Restricting tree cutting within area the construction limit Avoiding tree cutting at ancillary sites. Replantation
Excessive and Negative Short term Project Medium Certain Moderate Avoid noisy operations in the destructive noise area night near settled areas and animal and vibration habitats Insulate noisy machines when working near animal habitats and settlements
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Erosion stimulated Negative Short term Project Medium Unlikely Low Standard control measures from fresh road area against the erosion will be cuts and fills and implemented. temporary sedimentation of natural drainage ways
Water Contamination Negative Short term Regional High Not likely Moderate Collect and recycle lubricants during construction works Avoid accidental spills through good practice Avoid refueling near watercourses Use biodegradable lubricants for the machines and biodegradable oils for transmissions, to minimize pollution during the works River banks in the exploration area should be protected by fences during the construction phase, to prevent negative impact that may be caused by driving and unloading of materials nearby Avoid driving machines inside rivers, streams, or on their banks, except where this is unavoidable due to the construction of a facility or structure. Also avoid discharge wastewaters originating from the workers into rivers and streams. Check vehicles (leaking of fuel etc.)
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Waste Significant volume Negative Short term Project Low Likely Low Construction Waste of non-hazardous area Management Plan (CWMP) will be prepared and maintained.
Poor sanitation Negative Short term Local Medium Likely Moderate Adequately located and and solid waste maintained latrines and waste disposal disposal facilities
Air Quality Air pollution from Negative Short term Local Medium Certain Moderate Require adherence to engine vehicle operations maintenance schedules and standards to reduce air pollution Cleaning of vehicles before leaving the public areas Periodically water down or light oil temporary roads Enhance public transportation and traffic management capability
Air pollution from Negative Short term Local Medium Certain Moderate Install and operate air pollution asphalt plants. control equipment.
Noise Noise pollution Negative Short term Project Medium Certain Moderate Include physical barriers to from vehicle area noise plans operation Noise and vibration affected residential or business receptors will be timely informed of the construction activity through appropriate communication channels Enhance public transportation and traffic management capability Install and maintain mufflers on requirement Where appropriate, haul routes for construction material will avoid
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance additional nuisance in residential areas or at sensitive sites All plants, vehicles and machinery used during construction will be regularly maintained and turned-off when not in use
Community Health hazards by Negative Short term Local Medium Certain Moderate Implementation of Community Health and noise, air Health and Safety Plan Safety emissions and dust Implementation of contractor Management Plan (dust, noise, air control) Social disruption Negative Short term Local Medium Certain Moderate caused by the Implementation of Community construction Grievance Mechanism related activities in the RoW, the Implement Waste Management borrow pit sites, Plan waste dumps, construction camps and equipment yards
Hazardous driving Negative Short term Regional High Likely High Implement Traffic Management conditions where Plan, Community Health and construction Safety Plan interferes with pre- existing roads Inform local authorities about the routes of the transportation, Inform local services including Accident risks hospitals and school, associated with vehicular traffic Avoid using community roads and transport during school hours and peak hours, Appropriate security features including fencing, sign posting and potentially security personnel.
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance Provide in design for proper markers on roads, including lights. Instruct the drivers.
Traffic accidents Negative Short term Regional High Likely High Implement Traffic and Community Health and Safety Plan, Emergency Response Plan Minimize pedestrian interactions with the construction vehicles Improve local traffic signage Awareness training about construction site hazards to children/youths in nearby village schools; Placement of fencing or other barricades around dangerous construction installations with warning signs of the hazards; Use of professionally trained security guards at construction sites
Presence of Negative Short Local Medium Likely Moderate Workers Code of Conduct will temporary workers Term be enforced, including guidelines in the local area on safe driving; Proper HR training will be conducted Grievance Mechanism will be implemented Implement Contractor Management Plan will be implemented
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Damage and Negative Short Local Medium Likely Moderate The Project will maintain the disruption to road Term existing road network by keeping it transport and open to the public during infrastructure construction through the use of diversions when closure of a given road is required. Where roads are closed, local solutions (including diversions if necessary) will be put in place. Public Relations Officers will be present at work fronts to ensure that impacts from planned disruptions are minimized.
Temporary Negative Short term Regional High Likely High Road Safety and traffic increase in traffic management plan will be flow implemented Installation and maintenance of sign, signals and other devises to regulate traffic will be established The setting of speed limits appropriate to the road and traffic conditions Real time warning system with signage to warn drives of congestion, accidents, and adverse weather or road conditions.
Occupational Work at heights, Negative Short term Project High Likely High Employ workers who are fully Health and slips and falls, area trained, have an appropriate Safety moving machinery, awareness of the hazards of struck by objects, working at construction sites and dust and asbestos are trained to use and use the fibres dust, appropriate equipment to confined spaces undertake their tasks in a safe and excavations, manner. biological hazards
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance All workers associated with the Safety risks due to project, and in particular the site unauthorized management, will need to be access to familiar with appropriate safety construction measures for this type of compounds and construction works, starting with work sites undertaking appropriate hazard Labor conditions and risk assessments for all activities. Occupational Health and Safety Plan Emergency Response Plan Appropriate security features including fencing, sign posting and potentially security personnel. Provide electricity, gas and water within the construction camp borders Health and safety of personnel in collaboration with local health officials to ensure that medical staff, first aid facilities and ambulance services are available at all times Conduct STI, STD and HIV awareness program Providing sufficient supply of suitable food and water Take necessary precautions to protect personnel from insect and pest nuisance to reduce their danger to health
Socio- Employment Positive Short term Regional High Certain High Seek to employ local personnel economic Opportunities residing in project-affected communities on different portions of the Site
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Implement transparent and fair recruitment procedures. Provision of a grievance mechanism for residents, business and workers.
Local Procurement Positive Short term Regional High Certain High Supply Chain opportunities for Opportunities local people and local businesses will be managed through Local Procurement Plan
Capacity Positive Short term Regional High Certain High Local Content and Training Enhancement for plan needs to be implemented to workforce increase skills of the workforce HR policy and contractor management plan needs to be implemented
Reduced access to Negative Short term Local Medium Likely Moderate Implementation of Stakeholder agricultural fields Engagement Plan Implementation of Resettlement Action Plan A Project specific Grievance Mechanism
The change of the Negative Permanent Local High Certain High Implementation of stakeholder existing type of the engagement plan land use Implementation of Land Acquisition and Compensation Framework Implementation of Grievance Mechanism Borders of the construction areas and expropriation corridor will be identified by suitable markings
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Construction workers will be trained to stay within the borders of the construction areas and expropriation corridor. Insurance of corrective measures in case of any direct or indirect damage on state or private property
Loss of economic Negative Permanent Project High Certain High Ecological bridge should be forest lands area constructed at suitable points in function line with the requirements of the related forestry regulations Afforestation needs to be developed and implemented
Access Ecosystem Negative Permanent Regional High Certain High It is important to inform villagers services including about the river diversion and forest and river construction of the bridges Spawning season should be taken into consideration for the timing of the construction activities Firewood collection, herbs collection and hunting periods should be considered The contractors will inform villagers before the activities in the forestry areas. As much as possible existing roads needs to be used Dust management control measures will be implemented
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Physical and Negative Permanent Project High Certain High Borders of the construction Economic area areas and expropriation corridor will be identified by suitable Displacement markings so that non-project land is not impacted. Construction workers will be trained to stay within the border of the construction areas and expropriation corridor. The Project land will not be altered or occupied until the contractor has a legal right to do so. . If complaints related with unauthorized use of privately- owned lands, damages on adjacent lands, etc. are received through Project’s Grievance Mechanism, evaluation/inquiry will be conducted on a case-by-case and where necessary, corrective actions will be planned and implemented. Where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable the expropriation will be carried out by Serbian regulations to identify the persons who will be displaced by the Project and determine who will be eligible for compensation and assistance. Persons eligible for compensation are those who own the land (or part-owners) including persons who have formal legal rights to the land or assets they occupy or use,
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets, but have a claim to land that is recognized or recognizable under national law Development of Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement Framework, Livelihood Restoration Framework. Sufficient advance notice and requested to vacate premises and dismantle affected structures prior to project implementation
Cultural Disturbance of Negative Permanent Project High Unlikely Moderate Chance Find Procedure will be Heritage unknown Area implemented archaeological remains. Cultural Heritage Management Plan will be implemented Disturbance memorials Cultural Heritage Management Implementation Plan will be developed
Landscape Changes to access Negative Short term Project Medium Certain Moderate New tree and hedge / shrub and visual and effects of area planting to be planted within a traffic management suitable depth of appropriate topsoil to aid establishment. Removal of occasional trees/ All open excavations, shrubs hazardous materials, and plant machinery should be secured and made safe when not in use. A fence for the boundary of the site should be installed which will help to prevent site access by animals and herders. Alternative routes for dirt roads while intersections are constructed should be identified and publicized.
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Construction Environmental Management Plan. Minimize the use of artificial lighting on the site and where needed, use directional lighting. Protect and preserve memorial sites along the Project. Ensure a suitable number of underpasses are installed along the route.
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Impact Impact Type Description Nature Duration Extent Magnitude Likelihood Mitigation Measures Significance
Loss of Long-term Negative Permanent Project High Not likely Moderate Realignment where possible to Productive Soil degradation of area avoid valuable landscapes and and natural ecosystems Agricultural landscape Lands Prevalence of long term remediation and conservation measures. Reinstatement of landscape and vegetation cover, bio-restoration and landscaping, All degraded areas should be rehabilitated with new elements of greenery, so that land, and with it the landscape, returned to its original state. Harvest and utilization of public domain forest resources prior to construction Compensation given to private landowners Restoration of sites to original conditions to extent possible through reclamation measures
Biodiversity / The highway Negative Permanent Local High Likely High Develop and implement during the Ecology corridor forest operation phase a Monitoring Plan of or tall terrestrial flora and fauna vegetation will replace with Develop and implement a vegetation of Biodiversity Action Plan mainly grass Construct and maintain an species. impenetrable and resistant fence along Some species the highway will prevent access of such as animals (esp. medium and large rodents and mammals) to the motorway and will
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Landslide and Landslides, Negative Permanent Regional High Not likely Moderate Provide drainage works as needed Soil Erosion slumps, slips to reduce risk, according to prior and other surveys. If it is not possible to realign mass route to avoid inherently unstable movements in areas: road cuts and adjacent o Long-term remediation and territories stabilization works including reinstatement of relief, vegetation Erosion from cover and landscape fresh road cuts and fills and o Monitoring temporary o Installation of long-term drainage sedimentation systems and retaining structures. of natural drainage ways.
Landscape and Landscape Negative Long term Regional High Not likely Moderate Grade limitations to avoid cutting Visual disfiguration ad filling where scenery would be spoiled Maintenance and /or restoration of roadside vegetation Use an architectural design to blend with the existing landscape Replant disfigured surfaces
Water Changes of Negative Long term Regional High Not likely Moderate Monitoring of effects such as lateral hydrological erosion of river banks. patterns of the rivers and River bank protection measures, as streams needed.
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Contamination Soil and water Negative Long term Regional High Likely High Implementation of Environmental contamination Management Plan, Waste by oil, grease, Management Plan, Hazardous Material fuel and paint Management Plan, Spill Prevention alongside the Plan motorway
Air Quality Air pollution Negative Long term Local Low Likely Low Install and operate air pollution from asphalt control equipment plants during maintenance works.
Air pollution Negative Long term Regional High Likely High Implement maintenance schedules from vehicle and standards operation, Operation phase traffic Local dust. management plan
Noise Noise pollution Negative Long term Regional High Likely High Include if necessary physical from vehicle barriers to mitigate the noise to the operation receptor Implement operation phase traffic management and noise control plan
Waste Roadside litter. Negative Long term Regional High Likely High Provide for disposal facilities Operational phase waste management plan
Community Creation of a Negative Long term Regional High Not likely Medium Encourage anti littering laws and health and new pathway regulations Safety for disease vectors Establishment of plant and animal affecting sanitation service and related humans and checkpoints animals. Creation of a Dust control by application of water transmission or chemicals Provide appropriate corridor for designed and located crossings diseases,
Final April 2019 Project No: 19.003 Page: 83 / 124 Morava Corridor Motorway Project Gap Assessment for Scoping Study pests, weeds and other undesirable organisms Health hazards by dust raised and blown by vehicles. Obstruction of routes from homes to farms, etc., increasing travel time.
Impairment of Negative Long term Regional High Not likely Moderate Include slow traffic lanes and/or non-motored paved shoulders and safe crossings transportation in the Operational traffic management motorway plan corridor due to Design and implement safety reduced or measures and an emergency plan to impeded contain damages from accidental spills rights-of-way. Designate special routes for Accident risks hazardous materials transport associated with vehicular Regulation of transport of toxic traffic and materials to minimize danger transport, that may result in Prohibition of toxic waste transport spills of toxic through ecologically sensitive areas. materials injuries or loss of life
Socioeconomic Economic Positive Long term National High Certain High Provide advanced information on Impacts growth tendering opportunities to local through businesses through trade and industry improved chambers and local business connectivity organizations in the region and accessibility
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The objective of the Gap Analysis for Scoping Report is to identify the main potential impacts of the proposed Project that will require detailed investigation during the ESIA works, based on the Project information available at this phase.
According to desktop study and field study conducted by experts of 2U1K, impacts on natural water resources due to river diversion as well as impacts on air, soil quality and noise pollution are considered as major sources of environmental impacts. On the other hand, physical and economic displacement due to land acquisition, employment opportunities is expected to be the major sources of socio-economic impact.
From the review of the EIA, the review of additional documentation, the site visit to inspect the current road and the discussions held with various stakeholders, it is concluded that the Project is Category A as defined in IFC Procedure For Environmental and Social Review of the Projects.
The preliminary assessment of potential environmental and social impacts will facilitate an efficient ESIA process and avoid those investigations that go beyond the key information necessary for effective decision-making.
The ESIA studies will cover all phases and associate facilities of the Project. The impact area will be determined based on the AoI approach adopted in IFC PS1.
In order to be able to realize the overall goal of the Project, the important environmental and social issues that were identified at this phase of the Project shall be appropriately assessed starting from the Scoping study and should last during all other successive phases of the development.
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General view of Observation point 2
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Corvus corax
Vulpes vulpes carcass on railroad Vulpes vulpes feces
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General view of Observation point
Buteo rufinus
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General view of Observation point
Rooting by Sus scrofa Male and female Podiceps cristatus individuals
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General view of Observation point
Buteo rufinus Streptopelia decaocto
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General view of Observation point Buteo rufinus 7
General view of Observation point
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General view of Observation point Footprint of Vulpes vulpes 13
General view of Observation point
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11.1.1.1 General view of Observation point
Lacerta viridis Salix alba
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11.1.1.2
General view of Observation point Ciconia ciconia
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Corvus cornix Talpa europaea carcass 16
Turdus merula Herd of Turdus merula
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General view of Observation point
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General view of Observation point 22
General view of Observation point
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11.1.1.3 General view of Observation point
Herd of unidentified Waterbirds Molehill of Talpa europaea
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General view of Observation point - 25
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General view of Observation point Streptopelia decaocto
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General view of Observation point Microcarbo pygmaeus - 28
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General view of Observation point
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Corvus cornix Phasianus colchicus 30
General view of Observation point
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General view of Observation point
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General view of Observation point
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Ćićevac and Varvarin (document: LEAP for the Municipality of Cicevac for 2017- 2021, dated: December 2017 and Strategy of suistanble development of the Municipaliy of Varvarin for 2007-2017, dated: March 2007) – JKSP Razvitak from Ćićevac and JKP Varvarin from Varvarin are engaged for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste. Collected communal waste from Ćićevac and Varvarin Municipalities is disposed on non-hygenic dumpsite located in abandoned river valley, approximately 500 m from Velika Morava River and 4 km from the road Ćićevac – Varvarin. The dumpsite has been used for more than 20 years and it occupies surface of app. 1 ha. Annual disposal of communal waste from both companies is estimated on app. 10,600 m3. There are no protective measures and very limited activities for compacting of disposed waste (with bulldozer). Certain amounts of construction and animal waste are disposed also.
Kruševac (document: Local program for environmental protection 2015-2024, dated: March 2015) – JKP Kruševac is engaged for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste. Communal waste is disposed on the Srnje dumpsite, location used since 1984, located approximately 6.5 km from Kruševac and between three villages: Srnje, Velika Kruševica and Padež. Total surface of complex is 37 ha of which 20 ha is dedicated for the communal waste disposal. There are no drainage canals on the dumpsite and other protective measures. Daily disposal of non-hazardous waste is estimated on 150 t. The bulldozer and loading shovel are used for manipulation with collected communal waste. JKP Kruševac holds one separate operational unit for sorting and recycling of PET packaging, glass and cardboard/paper/PVC folia.
Trstenik (document: Program for environmental protection in the Municipality of Trstenik 2017-2021, dated: February 2017) – JKSP Komstan Trstenik is engaged for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste on the city landfill. Annual disposal of waste is 9000 t for communal waste and 2000 t for the waste from the industry. Industry waste is presented with sludge and waste chemicals, which are disposed in dedicated concrete cassettes. The landfill is located in Osaonica, in the place called “Dzamski potok”, approximately 3 km from the city of Trstenik. Total surface of the landfill is 7.5 ha. The landfill is edged with fence, with access road, plateau, system for extracting of landfill gases, drainage water system, installed piezometers, etc.
Vrnjačka banja (publicly available information) – Vrnjačka banja Municipality has signed the contract with sanitary landfill in Lapovo for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste.
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Kraljevo (document: LEAP for the Municipality of Kraljevo, dated: 2012) – JKP Čistoća is engaged for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste on dumpsite “Kulagića Ada”, located approximately 150-200 m from Zapadna Morava River The dumpsite is formed in 1971 and the communal waste is disposed since then. It occupies a surface of approximately 8 ha. Approximately 36,000 t of waste is disposed on this dumpsite annually. It is characterized as a dumpsite without minimal protective measures according to applicable Laws.
Čačak (publicly available information) – Čačak Municipality with other 8 Municipalities in Serbia have founded Duboko regional sanitary landfill in Užice and they are engaged for collection, transport and disposal of communal waste since 2005. Daily collected communal waste in Čačak is approximately 70t. In addition, the Municipality of Čačak has opened transfer station in March 2016, as a central place for collection and primary sorting of waste in Čačak.
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SERBIA MOTORWAY ROUTE MAP
SERBIA MOTORWAY EUNIS HABITAT MAP
KRUSEVAC CAMP SITE MAP
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SERBIA MOTORWAY ROUTE MAP
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SERBIA MOTORWAY EUNIS HABITAT MAP
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KRUSEVAC CAMP SITE MAP
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ESIA REPORT 1.3 CONTEXT OF ALL DOCUMENTS COMPRISING THE ESIA PACKAGE 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE ESIA APPROACH 1.5 ESIA TEAM 1.6 NEXT STEPS IN THE ESIA PROCESS 2 THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 2.1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT’S PARTIES 2.2 PROJECT AREA 2.3 PROJECT DESIGN 2.4 CONSTRUCTION 2.5 ASSOCIATED FACILITIES 2.6 OPERATIONS 2.7 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 2.8 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 3 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT TO DATE 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 PREVIOUS CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES 3.3 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING SCOPING 3.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING ESIA PREPARATION 3.5 SUMMARY OF SCOPING FINDINGS 3.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING DRAFT FINAL ESIA DISCLOSURE 4 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 4.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 4.2 APPLICABLE SERBIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION 4.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
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4.4 EIA PROCESS UNDER SERBIAN EIA REGULATION 4.5 EXPROPRIATION PROCESS UNDER SERBIAN EXPROPRIATION LAW 4.6 RESETTLEMENT PROCESS UNDER SERBIAN RESETTLEMENT LAW 4.7 RELEVANT STANDARDS OF THE ESIA 5 ESIA METHODOLOGY 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 OVERVIEW OF THE ESIA PROCESS 5.3 SCOPING 5.4 BASELINE STUDIES 5.5 ALTERNATIVES AND INTERACTION WITH PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN 5.6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6 SCOPE OF THE ESIA 6.1 SUMMARY OF SCOPING 6.2 APPROACH TO SCOPING 6.3 RESULTS OF THE SCOPING EXERCISE 7 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 RESOURCES AND WASTE . 7.2.1 Baseline Conditions 7.2.2 Impact Assessment 7.2.3 Mitigation Measures 7.2.4 Residual Impacts 7.3 GEOLOGY, SOILS AND CONTAMINATED LAND . 7.3.1 Baseline Conditions 7.3.2 Impact Assessment 7.3.3 Mitigation Measures 7.3.4 Residual Impacts 7.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT – TERRESTRIAL . 7.4.1 Baseline Conditions 7.4.2 Impact Assessment
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7.4.3 Mitigation Measures 7.4.4 Residual Impacts 7.5 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION . 7.5.1 Baseline Conditions 7.5.2 Impact Assessment 7.5.3 Mitigation Measures 7.5.4 Residual Impacts 7.6 AIR AND CLIMATE . 7.6.1 Baseline Conditions 7.6.2 Impact Assessment 7.6.3 Mitigation Measures 7.6.4 Residual Impacts 7.7 NOISE AND VIBRATION . 7.7.1 Baseline Conditions 7.7.2 Impact Assessment 7.7.3 Mitigation Measures 7.7.4 Residual Impacts 7.8 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL . 7.8.1 Baseline Conditions 7.8.2 Impact Assessment 7.8.3 Mitigation Measures 7.8.4 Residual Impacts 7.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT . 7.9.1 Baseline Conditions 7.9.2 Impact Assessment 7.9.3 Mitigation Measures 7.9.4 Residual Impacts 7.10 DISPLACEMENT OF EXISTING LAND, USE, PROPERTY AND PEOPLE 7.10.1 Baseline Conditions 7.10.2 Impact Assessment 7.10.3 Mitigation Measures
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7.10.4 Residual Impact 7.11 LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS 7.11.1 Baseline Conditions 7.11.2 Impact Assessment 7.11.3 Mitigation Measures 7.11.4 Residual Impact 7.12 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY 7.12.1 Baseline Conditions 7.12.2 Impact Assessment 7.12.3 Mitigation Measures 7.12.4 Residual Impact 7.13 ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 7.13.1 Baseline Conditions 7.13.2 Impact Assessment 7.13.3 Mitigation Measures 7.13.4 Residual Impact 7.14 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 7.14.1 Baseline Conditions 7.14.2 Impact Assessment 7.14.3 Mitigation Measures 7.14.4 Residual Impact 8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
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