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USSBS Nissan Automobile CO., Report No. XVIII.Pdf rF "^ ciV9 ilJH Given By U. S. SUPT. OF DOCUMENTS 3^ THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY -''1 Nissan Automobile Company (Nissan Jidosha K K) CORPORATION REPORT No. XVIII (Engines) AIRCRAFT DIVISION Dates of Survey: 24-25 November 1945 Date of Publication: 1 November 1946 THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Nissan Automobile Company (Nissan Jidosha K K) CORPORATION REPORT No. XVIII (Engines) AIRCRAFT DIVISION Dates of Survey: 24-25 November 1945 Date of Publication: 1 November 1946 JVOV 21 1946 This report was written priniarily for the use of the U. S. Strategic Bomb- ing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more comprehensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be con- sidered as hmited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in tlie light of further studies conducted by the Survey. II FOREWORD survey's complenuMit jjrovidcd foi' iiOO Tlic United States Strategic Bombing Survey The 15 civilians, 350 officers, and 500 etdisted men. The vas established by the Secretary of War on organization was drawn November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the military segment of the con- from tlie Army to the extent of (iO percent, and ate President Roosevelt. Its mission was to effects from the Navy to the extent of 40 percent. Both luct an impartial and expert study of the to be used in the Army and the Navy gave the survey all pos- )f our aerial attack on Germany, furnishing men, supplies, trans- onnection with air attacks on Japan and to estab- sible assistance in port, and information. The survey operated from lish a basis for evaluating the importance and established in Tokyo early in Sep- potentialities of air power as an instrument of headquaiters 1945, with subheadquarters in Nagoya, military strategy, for planning the future develop- tember Nagasaki, and with mobile ment of the United States armed forces, and for Osaka, Hiroshima, and parts of Japan, the determining future economic policies with respect teams operating in other islands of the Pacific, and the Asiatic mainland. to the national defense. A summaiy report aiul reconstruct much of wartime lome 200 supporting reports containing the find- It was possible to military planning and execution, engage- ings of the survey in Germany have been Japanese campaign by campaign, published. ment by engagement, and reasonably accurate statistics on On 15 August 1945, President Truman requested and to secure Japan's economy and war-production, plant by that the survey conduct a similar study of the plant, and industry by industry. In addition, etfects of all types of air attack in the war against studies were conducted on Japan's over-all stra- Japan, submitting reports in duplicate to the tegic plans and the background of her entry into Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the Navy. the war, the internal discussions and negotiations The officers of the survey during its Japanese leading to her acceptance of unconditional sur- phase were: render, the course of health and morale among the Franklin D'Olier, Chairman. civilian population, tlie effectiveness of the Japa- Paul H. Nitze, nese civilian defense organization, and the eft'ects will be Henry C. Alexander, Vice Chairmen. of the atomic bombs. Separate reports Harry L. Bowman, issued covering each phase of the study. more than 700 Japa- J. Kenneth Galbraith, The survey interrogated Rensis Likert, nese military, government, and industrial officials. documents Frank A. McNamee, Jr., It also recovered and translated many useful to the survey, but Fred Searles, Jr., which not only have been studies. Monroe E. Spaght, also will furnish data valuable for other over the Dr. Lewis R. Thompson, Arrangements have been made to turn Intelligence Group, Theodore P. Wright, survey's files to the Central further Directors. through which they will be available for Walter Wilds, Secretary. examination and distribution. Ill NISSAN AUTOMOBILE COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TheCoki'okation and its Importance in the Aircraft Industry 1 The Air Attacks 2 Production Statistics 3 Evaluation of Pre-Attack Intelligence 3 Appendix A—Yoshiwaia Plant Lay-Out and Bomb Damage Facing p. 4 Appendix B—Dispersal Map Facing p. 4 — NISSAN AUTOMOBILE COMPANY HE CORPORATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION Beginning in March 1944 and continuing until December 1944, (he plant [jiodiiced ap[)r()ximatcly Ordered into the aircraft engine field in 104:!, 100 engines monthly, in January 1945 the air- Nissan Automobile Co. (Nissan Jidoslia K K) le craft division of the Nissan Automobile Co. nked sixth in engine production in tlie Japanese moved to its newly constructed plant at Yoshi- mpire for the years 1944 and 1945. wara, in Fuji-(iun, Shizuoka j)refecture, nc^ar the principal ])lant of the Nissan Automobile The coast, midway between Tokyo and Nagoya was located on reclaimed land in Yokohama ;o. (appendix A). liter harbor in Tokyo Bay, about 5,000 feet west This new plant was built during the last 6 f the mouth of the Tsurumi River and about months of 1944, and under ideal conditions it was feet northeast of the Yokohama harbOr ,700 planned to produce about 2,000 engines monthly. liissenger wharves. From February 1945 until August 1945 the new In August 1943, because of the need to increase plant averaged a little over 100 per month. Con- ho rate of production of the Ha-11, a four-cylinder cerned with the production of only a single product ii-line 100-horsepower engine, the Japanese Gov- and ably staffed by engineers and laborers who mment ordered the company to begin production were familiar with low-horsepower in-line auto- f this engine. Since the Nissan Automobile mobile engines, the plant doubtl(>ssly would have lo. was one of the two largest automotive pro- opei'ated at peak capacity had not the air attack ucers in the Empire, the plant at Yokohama was in July 1945 interrupted production. voll-cquipped to begin this new production, and tcps were taken at that time to convert part of EMPLOYEES he Yok oh am a plan t to aircraft engine From August 1943, when production of aircraft nanufacture. engines first began, until July 1944, there was no Some of the personnel who formerly had worked distinction on the company rolls between auto- )n automotive engines were diverted to this new motive and aircraft division workers, therefore ask, and one of the motor assembly buildings was detailed information was not available. Peak itilized. From August 1943 until March 1944 employment was reached in July 1945 when )arts were made but complete assemblies were 3,527 workers were employed at the Yoshiwara lot produced. plant (table 1). Table 1, Employmcnl Schedule— August 1944-July W.'f'i Nonproduc- New em- Men Women Total Productive Student Total tive ployees 1944 Vugu.st 836 367 1,203 693 331 179 1, 203 September 908 388 1, 296 755 360 181 1,296 93 October 1, 137 632 1,769 833 446 552 1,831 November 1,334 651 1,985 898 429 658 1,9S5 473 December 1,406 676 2,082 824 544 714 2,082 97 I94o January 1,719 691 2,410 877 568 965 2, 410 328 Ft'bruary 2,042 989 3,031 1,096 736 1,200 3,032 622 March 2,261 1,000 3,261 1, 166 697 1,398 3,261 229 April 2,216 1,095 3,311 1, 139 841 1,331 3,311 50 May 2, 2.57 1, 116 3, 373 1, 105 852 1,416 3,373 62 June 2,239 1, 196 3,435 1, 173 871 1, 391 3,435 62 July 2,295 1, 232 3, 527 1, 181 888 1,458 3,527 92 Fi-ior tt) -lanuary 1!)44 a single-shift basis was DISPERSAL iisoci, l)Ut from January li)44 until the end of the Despite the impending increase in air attac war, the company used a two-shift basis for adult the Xissan Automobile officials plaimed to ci employees and a two- oi' three-shift basis for tinue oi)erations in the remaining concrete bui students. Detailed information on the shifts ings at the Yoshiwara plant. Manufacture small parts was dispersed, beginning 1 Febru; worked is as follows: 1945, to eight different locations, but it was plant .January to SepteinlxT 1944: to continue final assembly at Yoshiwara. Adults: Prnetll In dispersal, the already extensive buildingf 0720-1700 ,,- 70 sulK't)ntractors were utilized (table 2). Si 2000-0530 30 the subcontractors were located in relati\ Students: ((uiet areas (appendix B) and already w 0730-1.500 40 equipped with buildings, machines, and sc 1500-2230- - 31) experienced labor, it was planned to expand tl 2230-0500 30 existing facilities, supplement the smaller pla .SeplenilH-r to August 1945: with employees from the Yoshiwara plant, 0720-1.530 tliereliy maintain a])proximately .")() p{>rcent 0900-1730 normal ])roduetion. 1 PRODUCTION STATISTICS M.ixiiiiimi (M])ii(ily ol tlic company was l,24(t (oliil of 722 ciifiiiics vviis jjiodiiccd. rcpreseiitatirif; li'inrs (liniiifi- 1944 iiiul 1,520 ('ii<,nn('S for tlic Mppioxiiiuitcly (i ix-rccnt id' tohd Jiipaiicsc pi-o- sl S nionllisol' 1945 (fiu-. 1). diiclioii and 71 |)('|-cciit of IIii 11 prodiicl if)n for- Diiriiit; 1944 Nissan ])rodiir('d 911 I'liiiincs, llioycur. licli i-('])i('si'iit('(l 2 jxTcciit of total .lapaiii'Sc Pci'cciitaiics of actual production to <;ovci-n- ginc production and 02 percent of total Ha-1 incnt-planncd production, wci'c cxt i-cmcly liigli; oduction. From .lanuary until Aui^'ust 1945 a 95 ])crccnt for 1944 and 9(i ])('rccut for 1945.
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