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Uluslararasi Terörizm: Pkk Örneği

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Uluslararasi Terörizm: Pkk Örneği i T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANA BİLİM DALI ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER BİLİM DALI ULUSLARARASI TERÖRİZM: PKK ÖRNEĞİ ÇAĞATAY TÜRK YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Danışman DOKTOR ÖĞRETİM ÜYESİ ZERRİN SAVAŞAN Konya – 2018 ii T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Etik Sayfası Adı Soyadı: Çağatay TÜRK Numarası: 104229001016 Ana Bilim/Bilim Dalı Uluslararası İlişkiler/ Uluslararası İlişkiler Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin Tezin Adı Uluslararası Terörizm: PKK Örneği Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Çağatay TÜRK iii iv T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Adı Soyadı Çağatay TÜRK Numarası 104229001016 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Uluslararası İlişkiler / Uluslararası İlişkiler Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin Tez Danışmanı Dr.Öğr.Üyesi Zerrin Savaşan Tezin Adı Uluslararası Terörizm: PKK Örneği ÖZET Terörizm, on yıllardır çeşitli tanımları yapılmasına rağmen devlet politikaları ve çıkar çevrelerince aynı durumun farklı zamanlarda farklı şekillerde tasvir edilmesinden dolayı net kabul görmüş bir tanıma sahip olamamıştır. Bütün devletler için tarih boyunca tehdit oluşturmuş bir kavram iken, tehdidin büyüklüğü ve önemi dünya coğrafyasınca ancak 11 Eylül saldırıları sonrasında anlaşılmıştır. Türkiye, teröre karşı mücadele eden ve bu konuda en çok acı çeken ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Dünyada çok az ülke Türkiye kadar terör sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Göz ardı edilmemelidir ki, Türkiye’de terörizme karşı kazanılacak zafer, tüm dünyaya örnek olacak ve barış için en büyük bir adım teşkil edecektir. Bu çalışma, genelde dünya coğrafyasının büyük bir kısmının farklı sebep ve şekillerde de olsa maruz kaldığı terör ve terörizm kavramlarının tanımlanması ve terörizmin nedenleri, amaçları, özellikleri, çeşitleri ve terörün uluslararasılaşan boyutunu ele almış; özelde ise Türkiye’nin de yıllardır maruz kaldığı PKK Terör Örgütü’nün örgüt yapısı, ideolojisi, amaç- stratejisi, geçirdiği evreler incelenmiştir. Uluslararası boyut başlığı altında ise, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM), Avrupa Birliği (AB), Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisi (AKPM) Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) gibi uluslararası örgütlerin ve bazı ülkelerin yıllar itibariyle sergiledikleri PKK politikaları ve tutumları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Terör, Terörizm, PKK Terör Örgütü, Uluslararası Terörizm v T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Adı Soyadı Çağatay TÜRK Numarası 104229001016 Ana Bilim / Uluslararası İlişkiler / Uluslararası İlişkiler Bilim Dalı Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Tez Danışmanı Dr.Öğr.Üyesi Zerrin Savaşan Öğrencinin Tezin Adı International Terrorism: PKK Sample SUMMARY Although terrorism is defined for dozen of years in various ways it has not a clear definition acceptable due to it is described in different ways in different times by state policies and interest groups. While it is a concept posing a challenge for states it has been well undersood by the world after 11 September events. Turkey is a state who struggled with terrorism and felt pain in the world. There is no country in the world who suffered from terrorism as much as Turkey. It must be remembered that victory against terrorism will be a sample for all countries in the world and it will be the greatest step in the way of peace. This study deals with the definition of terrorism which major part of the world is subjected to with different reasons and reasons, aims, properties, types and the international dimension of the terror in particular PKK terror group to which Turkey is subjected to for years, with its structure, ideology, strategical aim and the steps of the event. In the international dimension title, policies and manners that is exposed by the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), international organisations such as Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) and European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), as well as some countries against PKK policies. Key Words: Terror, Terrorism, PKK Terrorist Organization, International Terrorism vi KISALTMALAR AB :Avrupa Birliği ABD :Amerika Birleşik Devletleri AET :Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu AGİK :Avrupa Güvenlik İşbirliği Konferansı AGİT :Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Teşkilatı AİHM :Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi AKPM :Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisi ALARIZGARİ :Kurtuluş Bayrağı Örgütü AP :Avrupa Parlamentosu ARGK :Artese Rızgariya Gele Kürdistan (Kürdistan Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu) ASALA :Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (Ermenistan Özgürlüğü İçin Ermeni Gizli Ordusu) BM :Birleşmiş Milletler BDT :Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu DDKO :Doğu Devrimci Kültür Ocakları DEHAP :Demokratik Halk Partisi DEP :Demokrasi Partisi DHKP/C :Devrimci Halk Kurtuluş Partisi Cephesi DTK :Demokratik Toplum Kongresi DTP :Demokratik Toplum Partisi ERNK :Eniya Rızgariya Netawa Kürdistan (Kürdistan Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi) vii ETA :Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Bask Ayrımcı Hareketi) FKO :Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü HADEP :Halkın Demokrasi Partisi HAMAS :Hareket-ül Mukavemetül İslamiyye (İslami Direniş Hareketi) HEP :Halkın Emek Partisi HPG :Hezen Parastina Gel (Halk Savunma Gücü) HRK :Hezen Rızgariya Kürdistan (Kürdistan Kurtuluş Birliği) IKDP :Irak Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi İBDA-C :İslami Büyük Doğu Akıncıları Cephesi İRA :Irish Republician Army (İrlanda Cumhuriyetçi Ordusu) KADEK :Kongreya Azadî û Demokrasiya Kurdistanê (Kürdistan Özgürlük ve Demokrasi Kongresi) KCK :Koma Ciwaren Kurdistan (Kürdistan Toplum Birliği) KDP :Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi KKK :Kürdistan Demokratik Konfederalizmi KONGRA-GEL : Kürdistan Halk Kongresi MC :Milletler Cemiyeti MLKP : Marksist Leninist Komünist Partisi NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Kuzey Atlantik Anlaşması Örgütü) OHAL : Olağan Üstü Hal PAJK :Partiya Azadiya Jinên Kurdistan (Kürdistan Özgür Kadın Partisi) viii PÇDK :Partiya Çaresera Demokrati Kurdistan (Kurdistan Demokratik Çözüm Partisi ) PİK :Partiya İslamiye Kürdistan (Kürdistan İslam Partisi) PJAK :Partiya Jiyana Azad a Kurdistanê (Kürdistan Özgür Yaşam Partisi) PKK :Partiya Karkeren Kürdistan (Kürdistan İşçi Partisi) PSŞK :Peşmerge Sore Şoreşa Kürdistan (Kürdistan Devrimci Kızıl Peşmergeleri) PYD :Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat (Kürdistan Birlik Partisi) SHP : Sosyal demokrat Halk Partisi SSCB :Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği SKP :Sürgünde Kürt Parlamentosu TAK :Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan (Kürdistan Özgürlük Şahinleri) TBMM :Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi TCÖ : Cemaat el-Tevhid vel-Cihad (Tevhid ve Cihad Örgütü) THKO : Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu THKP/C :Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi Cephesi TİİKP :Türkiye İhtilalci İşçi Köylü Partisi TİP :Türkiye İşçi Partisi TKDP : Türkiye Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi TKP :Türkiye Komünist Partisi YAJK :Yekitiya Azadiya Jinen Kurdistan (Kürdistan Özgür Kadınlar Birliği) ix TABLOLAR VE ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Tablo 1: Avrupa Ülkelerinde PKK’nın Terör Örgütü İlan Edilme Tarihleri………..83 x ÖNSÖZ ve TEŞEKKÜR En derin ve samimi teşekkürlerimi; başta sabrı, anlayışı ve bilimsel bir çalışma olabilmesi için yapıcı eleştirilerinden son derece fayda sağladığım danışmanım Sayın Zerrin Savaşan olmak üzere, bir kelime de olsa yararlanabildiğim tüm iş-arkadaş-öğrenim çevreme sunarım. Bugüne kadar varlıklarından her zaman güç aldığım, emeklerini sayfalara sığdıramayacağım, varlık sebeplerim kardeşim Merve, annem Seyhan ve babam İsmet TÜRK’e; her daim destekçim olan, tez yazım sürecinde birlikte geçirebileceğimiz vakitlerimizden çaldığım eşim Merve ve oğlum Yağız’a verdikleri destekten ötürü sonsuz saygı, sevgi ve şükranlarımı iletirim. İyi ki varsınız.. Çağatay Türk Konya - 2018 xi İÇİNDEKİLER Bilimsel Etik Sayfası.................................................................................................. II Tez Kabul Formu .................................................................................................... III Türkçe Özet ..............................................................................................................IV İngilizce Özet ............................................................................................................. V Kısaltmalar ...............................................................................................................VI Tablo ve Şekiller Dizini ............................................................................................IX Önsöz ve Teşekkür .................................................................................................... X İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................XI GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................................... 1 I. BÖLÜM- TERÖR VE TERÖRİZM ..................................................................... 4 1.1. TERÖR VE TERÖRİZM OLGUSU ..................................................................... 4 1.1.1. Terörün Özellikleri ..................................................................................... 8 1.1.2. Terörün Nedenleri .....................................................................................
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