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Download As Pdf File ■ HRFT ■ Human Rights Foundation of Turkey 1993 ■ Human Rights Report ■ ■ This report was prepared and printed with the ■ financial support of the European Union. ■ ■ CONTENTS Preface 5 General situation of human rights following 1993 7 Where is mega media running towards? 13 SAMPLE CASES FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES Introduction 26 The Kurdish problem 32 Cease-fire ................................................................................................... 33 Newroz festival ......................................................................................... 37 Clashes, operations and attacks ................................................................ 40 Funeral ceremonies ................................................................................... 46 Attacks against settlement centers ............................................................ 57 Attacks against civilians ............................................................................ 67 Executions by organizations ..................................................................... 77 Education and teachers ............................................................................. 84 Extra-judicial executions 96 House and workshop raids ........................................................................ 100 Killings as a result of fire on demonstrating groups ................................ 108 Killings in fire opened because of disobeying stop warnings, etc. ......... 109 Deaths as a result of mines and unclaimed bombs ................................... 123 Capital punishment 127 Murders by unidentified assailants 137 Those murdered by unidentified assailants .............................................. 142 Torture 152 CMUK (The Code of Criminal Procedures)............................................. 153 Investigations and trials ............................................................................. 157 Deaths in detention and prisons ................................................................ 170 Disappearances .......................................................................................... 179 Determined torture cases .......................................................................... 182 Prisons ........................................................................................................ 205 Freedom of thought, press and belief 217 Assassinated, wounded or missing press workers ................................... 220 Attacks, pressure on the press and journalists .......................................... 228 Imprisoned journalists and writers ........................................................... 250 Sentences and trials ................................................................................... 260 Kurdish ...................................................................................................... 270 Freedom of conscience and religious pressure ......................................... 273 Freedom of organization 278 Pressure on the İHD .................................................................................. 278 Closed associations, prevented activities ................................................. 283 Pressure on political parties ...................................................................... 289 Labour life and trade unions ..................................................................... 299 Other subjects 303 Sivas incidents............................................................................................ 303 Universities ................................................................................................ 308 Detentions .................................................................................................. 311 Balance sheet of 1993 314 Activities of the HRFT 316 PREFACE The traditional annual human rights report by the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey is being made public even with a delay. The report dealing with the human rights abuses obser- ved in 1993(*), was prepared by the Documentation Center of the HRFT. With the aim of infor- ming and warning the public and governmental authorities about human rights abuses, and enabling them to reach their own conclusion, we produced this report. For this report, we assessed the news received from our own sources, newspapers and journals, and evaluated HRFT's daily reports and the information given by the Human Rights Association, its branches and human rights activists. While preparing the report, we were extremely careful about the correctness of information and the trustworthiness of the sources, and we tried to present the events objectively. Many news which were obtained from just a single source, but could not be confirmed or were not reliable, were not included in the report. Since we are an independent organization defending human rights, the abuses origina- ted from the structure of the regime, caused by anti-democratic provisions of the Constitution and laws, or committed by the political power or public officers, are given priority. Never- theless, taking into consideration the dimension of the violence in Turkey, the activities and attacks carried out by certain armed groups, particularly by the PKK were assessed and included in the report. The human rights abuses in 1993, were studied under 8 main titles, namely, "The Kur- dish Problem", "Extra-judicial Executions", "Capital Punishment", "Murders by Unidentified Assailants", "Torture", "Freedom of Thought, Press and Belief", "Freedom of Organization" and "Other Subjects". These subjects were divided into subtitles, and many sample cases were given under each title. However, the examples do not cover all of the developments and abuses observed during the year, and even reflect a small portion of them. Therefore, one should take into account that there were many more human rights violations in 1993 than figures and examples show. (*) Turkey Human Rights Report-1993 is available for US $ 10 or its TL equivalent from "TİHV Menekşe 2 Sok. No: 16/6 Kızılay - Ankara (06440)" The HRFT's Chairman Yavuz Önen's evaluation entitled "General Situation of the Hu- man Rights Following 1993" and HRFT's General Secretary Mahmut Tali Öngören's article titled "Where is Mega Media Running Towards" were also included in the report. In his evalu- ation, Yavuz Önen touched on the approach of the Foundation towards certain important issues experienced in Turkey and in the world in 1993. On the other hand, Mahmut Tali Öngören evaluated the approach of the written, verbal and visual press towards the human rights, and negative events witnessed on this subject. A digest of the HRFT's activities in 1993 takes place at the end of the report. The Documentation Center formed within the HRFT, started its studies as of March 1990 when the Foundation began functioning. The Center has been preparing the daily human rights reports (except on Sundays and Saturdays) since 2 April 1990. At the Documentation Center, newspapers and journals have been evaluated, press clippings have been classified and filed according to their subjects. In addition, a computer supported data-bank, and archives of documents and video cassettes have been formed. Through documents and information it has, the Documentation Center helps the persons and organizations interested in human rights, and supports the human rights struggle from this aspect. Along with its daily works, the Documentation Center prepared various reports, made these reports public in Turkey and abroad, and contributed to the introduction activities of the Foundation during the 4-year period. Following are the prepared reports: • 1990 Press Report (Totally in Turkish-Summary in English) • Report - 1990 (Turkish-English) • Torture Report - 1991 (Turkish-English) • Turkey Human Rights Report - 1991 (Turkish-English) • 100-Day Report - 1992 (Turkish-English) • 6-month Report - 1992 (Turkish-English) • Turkey Human Rights Report - 1992 (Turkish-English) • 500-day Report - 1993 (Turkish-English) • Following the Coalition Government - 1993 (Turkish-Summary in English) The Human Rights Foundation of Turkey will continue to prepare such reports in the future. In order that such reports become more comprehensive, we ask interested individuals and institutions to forward their information and documents to us.We thank all of our friends who supported us and forwarded information and documents. We want to thank all human rights advocates with whom we have been struggling together. A special thanks goes to Mu-zaffer İlhan Erdost, a founding member who contributed to the formation of the cover of the report by giving one of his paintings, to Sue Hyde who was the proof-reader of the English version of the report and to the personnel of "MF-Tasarım, Tanıtım ve Yayıncılık" who under-took great efforts in printing the report. We wish that 1994 will be milestone for a peaceful future during which concrete steps will be taken on human rights and freedoms. We hope that all rights, first of all, the right to life, will be respected, and that nobody will be killed. We also hope that 1994 will be the beginning of a future in peace. 20 June 1994 / ANKARA GENERAL SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS FOLLOWING 1993 1993 happened to be a year in which international human rights problems were more gravely encountered . The wars and conflicts in most areas of the world did not cease. The de- aths, disappearances, separation of families, migration, torture and famine, orphaned children, refugee camps which were
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