1956 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - HOUSE 2741

·EXTENSJQNS OF RE.MARK·S."· ·Address by Senator Wiley Befor_e the. This- is the kind of guidance and leader- - our greatest· forefathers: George Washing­ ship we need for the youngsters of America, - ..ton, theWISCONSIN country. i 1 We discovered many sobel'}ng and shoe~- genu ne eadership and statesmanship, IN TlIE SENATE OF THE UNITED .STATES ing facts. There were: ciirsis-: PAST AND PRESENT Thursday, February 16, 1956 Over 485,000 youngsters brought before Both Washington and Lincoln faced _ ··Mr. WILEY. Mr. President,- ·1 ask juvenile courts. crisis-different ·1n scope, but similar in OveI"" ·200,000 young folks had run away gravity-to those we face today. - unanimous consent to have printed in the from home. For ex_ample, George Washington fought - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address which Over 100,000 youths had .been: confined in - f'or freedom ang. independence .o.f our coun­ - -I deiivered before the Optimist Club at . common jails; . usually wit_h hardened _ try._ .We now are engaged in striving for Oshkosh, Wis., on February 16,- 19513. crimin~ls. freedom and survival for the fr~e world . There being no objection, the addre.ss . .ACl'lON ON BILL- FOR DEUNQUENGY PREVENTION - Abraham Lincoln faced the problem of a divided ·coU'ntry. ·. Today, President Eisen- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, To help prevent delinquency among our howel' -and our Nation face the problems of as follows: young folks, I have sponsored legislati9n . a divided worltl . . · SENATOR - WILEY PLEDGES. CONTINUED BATTLE to provide grants-in-aid to States and local In 1861~seemingly a long time ago.­ AGAINST YOUTH.DELINQUENCY; SAYS. YOUNG­ communities for delinquency · prevention - Abraham Lincoln emphasized _the need to STERS ANJ> AD.uvrs TRULY. INSPIRED .BY PRES­ programs. · · keep abreast of progress. He . ezpressed a ID'ENT EISENHO..WE~S LEADERSHIP , Other. Senators have sponsored companion great thought that is especially true today. I ani happ·y, indeed, to be in Wisconsin - measures, and it appears certain that some He said: . · again, ·and to have lunch with you here.: form of. this legislation wilLbe enacted before "The dogmas of the quiet past are inade.:. I want to say · that, in a ·world with too the end of_ the session. . quate ·to the stormy present. The ·occasion many cynics and pessimists; it is a pleasure Meanwhile, the life of the Senate Juvenile . is piled high with difficulty, and we must to be -ameng optimists. · ' · · · · . Delinq~ncy -SµbcolllID.it~e.- 0 .itself, sll.ouid ,. Tise- with the· occasio.n. As our case is new, All of us need to be· optimistic, in• facing be extended, so that we can complete our so must we think anew and act ane ,, , the challenges, diffie,ul·ties, and oppertunities study and our legislative recominenaatioiis. . . . ,. . w . . We have ~Umerous reports soon to be re.; · TBINKING ANEW AND ACTING ANEW ON SLAVERY ·of ·our time~. . · leased .on motion pictures, education; · re- : "Thinking· _anew .and acting anew" means, NUMEROUS ISSUES FACING <::ON-GRESS ligion, pornography and related.phases. for example, continuing our bold . program Indeed, there are so many challenges-J;ac­ In any event,. we need continued . con- to ke~p alive . the spirit ot freedom behind ing-us-tha.t it is-almost hard to ·choo-se among structive activities by groups such as your the .Ir.on_Cur.tain~ . _ . . .. : _. ., them · and decide which partieular qne to own. . As we are all aware, the Soviet Union ·has - , ·discuss wi~h -you today; . . YOUTH NEEDS _ o~PORTUNITY recen!lY prote§ted against our relatively .new In Washington, . for example, the Senate The difficulty, of course, is not basically .device:-the propaganda balloon"S· sent by t:P,e has pending before it right now a new farm with our youth. · Crusade for Freedom behind the Curtain. · ·bill. This farm bill incorporates a new soil­ I believe, instead, that we as a Nation, As for our governmental a-ctivity, and the bank -idea to- conserve the Nation's soil re­ are unfortunately not providing them with Red pr-otests against weather_ baUoons drift­ source, as well as to . reduce the surplus sufficient challenge and opportunity, with ing over Russia, we are trying td keep these problem. We are certainly going to pass ample outlets for their boundless energy. b~lloons along _the routes for which they some form of the f-arm bill, and definitely, As a result, we are wasting a -vast reservoir were basically inten,ded. , some form of the soil-bank idea. of new thoughts, ideas, talents, and skills. But there should be no interference with Not long after we finish the farm bill, I believe that -0ur .youths. could learn more the ri~ht of a private organization, the 'We are going to take up the social security of. the .mechanical :skllls and of the arts at ·· Crusade· for Freedom, sending encouraging bill.. · ~eyond question, we are going. to ex­ a much earlier age; could be better pre- · messages to the- enslaved peoples of Czecho­ tend coverage to upw.ar-d-s of a million more pared, by training, for adulthood; could slovakia, H~ngary, Poland, East Germany, employees and seli-employed, including . assume greater responsibilities than they · an_d Russi~ itself, urging them to· keep the · lawyers, accountants, and other profes-. now do. .flame of li~rty bright in their hearts. · sionals. Moreover, we are going to liberalize We,_who pay homage to the Emancipat9r, pensions for widows. MOST YOUTHS .ARE NOT DELINQUENTS Abe 'Lincoln, can hardly fail in our responsi­ Meanwhile, the House . of Representatives Th~. statistics on juvenile delinquency bility to the enslaved . peoples . of Eastern· is going to put the finishing touches· on th.e throughout · the ' country, seem large and Europe or eleswhere. · · · Nation's new highway bill. The only big con­ startling; yet, these are .usually small in We must think and act boldly in their be­ troversy that remains is how to finance the contr2St to the .successful and wholesome half and on behalf of peace - and freedom program. Highway taxes are going to have millions of yout];ls who :pave fl.ne rec.ords throughout the world. · to increase,. but it is still -uncertain· as to of home . and community ~ctivities, who ~THER DYNAMIC RESPONSES TO TODAY'S NEEDS how much the average motorist will pay, and resolve their own problems, _.who are inde- pendent, responible individuals. The occasion is still piJed high with diffl- how much heavy trucks will have to pay. th Another issue engaging our attention is a These will become the outstanding citi- culty. So. inking anew anct acting anew zens of tomorrow. requir-es also: · · · · study of the work of the oil and gas lobby - · (a) Speeding up America's scientific re- in connection with the recently passed In M_ilwaukee County, for example, it was search, particularly in th~ :field of guided natural-gas b111. · discovered . that only 2½ percent of the . missiles and nuclear weapons, as well as in These, then, ai:e but a few of the to'pics youngsters get into trouble with the law. peaceful application of atomic energy. which we face in Washington, and which That is, of course, 2½ percent too much, (b) St th you face here in Oshkosh. but at least it indicates that 97½ percent of reng ening tbe Nation's Reserve the youngsters are getting along all right. forces, which are presently, according to all OPTIMIST'S CLUB: woB.K· FOR YOUTH reports, in sadly und1!rmanned strength. One problem in which Optimist Clubs IDOLS OF YOUTH: LINCOLN . AND WASHINGTON (c) Keeping our domestic economy r.olling have rightly been interested is, of course, As you well know, most of our young pea- . in high gear with 65 million.employecl; keep­ · the problem of juvenHe delinquency. ple have a habit of adopting idols from both . in~ __ all seg~ents-industry, lapor, agricul­ I wa-nt, at this time, to highly commend the present and the past. These help to ture strong and prosperous. - your club f-or -the great and· admirable -youth mold the character and life of the IKE-AN' INSPIRATION TO ALL AMERICANS work you are performing. youngster. But before I leave the matter of inspiring The boys of America, and the country We, ourselves, serve as examples, so we examples, I want to point out that we have itself, owe Optimist Clubs a great debt 9f must all constantly strive to live up to the .· toUnited States Senate and its chairman Public opinion polls have shown that he . enjoying today. read like a Who's Who of my leading political .:'is still at the peak of his popularity. These There will be more jet propulsion, atomic opponents over the past 6 years: Joseph L. :polls reflect the fact that the American pe·o- · power, and electronic devices. Rauh, chairman of the ADA; Clayton Frit­ ::ple clearly recognize the honesty, the selfless There will be new food for higher nutri­ chey, deputy chairman of the Democrat Na­ dedication, the strength, the judgment which tional levels and better standards of living.· tional Committee and editor of the Demo­ · ::nwlght D. · Eisenhower has brought to his There will be new forms of pleasure and cratic Digest; Telford Taylor, chairman of -Office. entertainment, such as "regular" color TV. the National Committee for an Effective My friends who may be Democrats in this We will . have better disease control and Congress (which masterminded the censure :audience, or any audience, may and do differ longer life expectancy. movement); James Wechsler, editor of the -with the President on various issues. - rn­ Our culture will be further enriched with New York Post; Philip Graham, James Wig­ ·det'!d, we ltepublicans. have our. intra-party . the best thoughts, arts, and· ideas of all gins, Alfred Friendly, publisher, editor, and ...(lifferences, as well. But we Americans do cultures. managing editor, respectively, of the Wash- - ::not allow our party affiliations to befog our LIFE IN THE NEW WORLD ington Post; and Paul Porter, partner of the --eyes on true examples and patriotism. law firm of Arnold, Fortas & Porter, attorneys There are few Democrats among us who To live in this great, new, challenging for Owen Lattimore. -would, for example, dispute the greatness "of world, we must adapt ourselves to its needs The main issue in the Hughes' trial was :Republican Teddy Roosevelt, or few Re- · and its fast moving pace. The spirit of you:th whether Rauh and his cohorts knew that the .:.publicans who would dispute the greatness must never die within us. , information they paid for was false-or We must never cease to be imaginative, to -0f Woodrow Wilson. "dream dreams and see visions,'' and to be whether, through their unreasoning hatred So, . too, with. admiration and respect, we of McCARTHY and congressional investigat- · -will all wait the President's decision as to attuned to the progress of our times. ing committees, they had been duped into -whether he will or will not run again. CONCLUSION believing that Hughes' manifestly ridiculous I personally don't know what that decision If we dedicate ourselves to progress, to reports were authentic. The verdict, which · -will be. high ideals, to improvei:nents of our way of resulted in the freeing of Hughes, indicates I earnestly hope, however, that wholly life, we can-to quote Lincoln-be assured that an impartial Jury believed the liberals :aside from any partisan consideration he that, under God: were in the plot as deeply as Hughes. -wm decide to run again. To do so would, "This Government, of the people, by the Hughes was indicted for perjury on six .in my judgment, be another great forward people and for the people shall not perish counts. Four of them charged that he had -iitep for peace. It would be also a dramatic from the earth." lied when he told a grand jury that several .-demonstration of the power of a man's of these liberals were involved in an attempt ,1,pirit, or of a man's moral strength-the to get Harvey Matusow to repudiate his _power of a man's soul in action, to reduce the testimony against Communists. The other .significance of any imperfections in a man's two counts charged that Hughes lied when ·.bodily condition. The Fabulous Case of United States he testified that Rauh knew that fictitious AN AMAZING CHAPTER IN PR,ESIDENTIAL PRESS Against Hughes documents furnished by Hughes were indeed RELATIONS -fictitious, and that Rauh Irnew that the name "Bill Decker," which was affixed to Meanwhile, however, the President's utter REMARKS :frankness about his health, his willingness EXTENSION OF the documents as an attesting witness, was -to talk about this delicate matter completely, · OF a fictitious name, and was in reality an alias ·openly, frankly, is another magnificent dem- · for Paul Hughes. •-onstration of the straight-shooting char- · HON. JOSEPH R. McCARTHY· ~ ·· On 2 of t:Pe 4 counts involv-ing Matusow, .:acter of this man in the White House. OF WISCONSIN the jury voted unanimously to acquit The man from Abilene has not tried -to IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Hughes; on the other two it split. On the ·withold a single fact. His tireless Press Sec­ remaining two . counts, involving Rauh, :retary, James Hagerty, has -helped him write Thursday, February 16, 1956 chairman of the ADA, the jury voted 11-1 •one of the most amazing chapters in presi­ Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I ask that Hughes had not lied when he said Rauh ·dential relations with the American press unanimous consent to have printed in was aware that .the documents were fraud­ . in our entire history. Day after day, night ulent. ·after night, side by side with his Chief, Jim the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement Even if the liberals are to be believed ·:.Hagerty has literally exhausted himself, to prepared by me on the subject of the fab­ when they claim they were innocent dupes ·<:omply with the >press• every wish, to know ulous case of United States against (which the jury verdict makes difficult), -the up-to-the minute facts about Ike's con- Hughes. they stand convicted of hypocrisy and du­ -dition. There being no objection, the state­ plicity of the worst sort. For years they have By contrast, in the world of dictatorship, ment was ordered to be printed in the attempted to frighten the American people -there would never be the slightest inkling of RECORD, as follows: with concocted stories aoout paid secret in­ · -the true physical conditions of the head of formers; then, on their own showing, they •~tate. · STATEMENT BY SENATOR MCCARTHY turn around and hire_ orie of their own . Even in the free world, great leaders have The fabulous case of United States v. For years they have railed against smearing ;.;Suffered disab1llties which have often been Hughes, concluded last week in New York, people on the basis of unsubstantiated evi­ , -withheld from public knowledge. indicates the unconscionable · lengths to dence; yet on their own showing, Rauh and Baj; we have .been witnessing today, one of .which powerful liberals in this country have Fritchey paid $10,800 for smear material to -the most remarkable demonstrations in our gone, and will still go, in order to discredit an imposter whose credentials they never -::history, of the strength of our own free Na- and defame those who are attempting to ex­ bothered to verify. For years they have ·-t1on. The people have been entitled to the pose the Communist conspiracy. piously pleaded for fair play in politics; yet :facts. The people have received the facts­ The United States prosecuting attorney, in c;m their own showing they paid thousands ~straig}_lt, impartially, accurately, promptly. his opening statement at the Hughes trial, of dollars for such items of advice from We may all be proud that this Republic described the case as "one of the most fan­ - Hughes as that "McCARTHY will not be de­ :-is i;o strong, that there has never been fear tastic schemes • • • in all the annals of feated by extensive use of fair play (or) · in anyone's heart concerning our . people's. political intrigue." This was, if anything, an squeamishness," and that a, Senate commit­ :,getting the facts on this matter. understatement. tee and its chairman can be discredited only "Ye shall know the truth, and the truth Paul Hughes came to my office 'late in 1953 "by relaxing somewhat on ethics." ~hall set you free"-free of fear, free of doubt, seeking a job. I never saw the man; but I am convinced that the full truth be­ ..-:free of misunderstanding. members of my staff interviewed him and hind this ugly attempt to discredit a Sen­ Whatever Ike's decision, he will have earned turned down his application. He then went ate commlttee has not yet been revealed­ -:his lasting place among the most honored of to a number of prominent liberals, posing as that probably many prominent people are ..American Chief Executives. a McCarthy investigator. The liberals paid involved beyond those already named. I be­ Whatever the decision of the American him handsomely for a mountain of scandal­ lieve, therefore, that a congressional com­ Minnesota's distinguished Dem­ appraisal of these programs. Eisenhower administration has left the ocratic Senator, HUBERT H. HUMPHREY:, The Joint Committee on United States country unprepared for a new. Commu­ International Exchange of Persons Programs nist cold-war offensive. ·He described the has introduced a companion measure in which our joint resolution would establish Nation's situation as more perilous than the Senate as S. 3116. will provide the necessary review to -insure ever. . I am confident that if these two basic the most effective planning, operation, and The presidential candidate charged proposals are enacted into law we would administration of these important facets of be in a tremendously improved position our international relations. the administration was trying to sell for meeting the Russian drive at this Discussing the perennial crisis of exchange instead of explain United States foreign critical time in our country's history. , appropriations in Congress, Senator H. ALEX­ policy to the one-third of mankind not ANDER SMITH, writing in the October 1955 yet committed to the Soviet Union or to CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, issue of the news bulletin of the Institute the West. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, of International Education, points out that Washington, D. C., February 10, 1956. although private exchange programs long He declared that, because of conflict­ MY DEAR COLLEAGUE: I have introduced a ing ideas··in. Government departments, joint resolution, House Joint Resolution 474, antedate Government activity in this field, " the administration is attempting to con­ the role of the Federal Government is most to establish a joint congressional committee significant and in recent years has become duct one foreign policy for the Nation · to be known as the Joint Committee on nearly indispensable. · · and another for the Republican Party. United States International Exchange of Over the past few years, as he makes clear, Meanwhile- Persons Programs. Such a joint committee will be able to make an important contribu­ a definite pattern has emerged in the process Mr. Stevenson· asserted- tion to these international exchange pro­ of getting appropriations for the Govern­ grams. ment's participation in international educa­ the cold war has entered a new phase. tional exchange programs, for instance: The The Communists are on the move again­ It gives me great pleasure to be able to say that Senator J. W. FuLBRIGHT has intro­ President requests funds for an adequate With aid, trade, arms, good Will missions, program; the House of Representatives technical missions, student exchanges, duced a companion measure in the Senate as Senate Joint Resolution 120, and Senator slashes this figure nearly in half. The Sen­ athletes, and neutrality propagandar--while ate restores the full amount; and the final people in high places in our Government HUBERT H. HUMPHREY has joined Senator FULBRIGHT as cosponsor of ·the measure. figure is a compromise between the two. shout "no help to neutrals-you've got to be The result, the Senator observes, is clearly for us or against us." I am hopef,ul that you and many other colleagues of mine from both parties will insufficient appropriations, and he calls for The issues confronting the Nation at join with us in introducing this measure in grassroots understanding. the House. The text of our joint resolution May I hear from you as to your interest this time, are, I believe, graver than at in this legislation at your earliest conven­ any time in our history, The calm and is enclosed herewith for your study. ience? confident tones with which Khrushchev We believe that international exchange of persons has proved to be a valuable means With kind regards. addressed -the 20th Congress of the of developing closer cooperation among the Sincerely yours, Soviet. Communist Party and tlie text nations of the free world. The need for such . FRANK THOMPSON, Jr., of the speech shows that the crisis which cooperation is every day more apparent. The Member of Congress. we face is of a dimension and quality United States Government is using this tech­ nique both for building better understand­ [From the New York Times of February 15, never before encountered. 1956] It is because I believe that Governor ing of our ·country abroad and for technical cooperation and economic development. EXCERPTS FROM STEVENSON'S SPEECH AT Stevenson has made one of the most 1.m­ SEATTLE DEMOCRATIC DINNER portant speeches of our time and dis­ Large exchange programs are now operated by the Department of State. Students, SEATTLE, WASH., February 14.-Following cussed the problem with dignity and teachers, prominent specialists and leaders are excerpts from the text of a speech by clarity that I include excerpts from his in many fields are exchanged and outstand­ Adlai E. Stevenson at a Democratic fund• speech here. ing cultural performers are sent abroad un­ raising dinner here tonight: I have introduced two measures which der these programs. The Congress author­ "This is one of our great doors to the I believe will assist us to meet this crisis. i•zed these programs through the Smith• ·Pacific and· beyond lies Asia-our customer One·, House Joint Resolution 474, would ·Mundt Act (Public Law 402, 80th Cong.), and competitor, our friend and enemy. And the Fulbright Act (Public 584; 79th Cong ..) Asia, 1· daresay, may well be the area of establish a joint congressional commit­ and several other acts. American technical decision in the great conflict of our times tee to be known as the Joint Committee experts are sent abroad and foreign na­ between development by consent and de­ on United States International Exchange tionals are brought to the United States for velopment by coercion, between communism of Persons Programs. . training under the International Coopera- and freedom. · 2746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 16 "Just as growth and development are. the one foreign policy for the Nation and another "Here we find the adminlstratlon fostering most significant facts about this new west; for the ;Republican Party, at the same time-­ small-scale waterpower developments by ern area of the United States, so It is about to the dismay of our friends• . the delight of private utilities instead of the full-scale Asia. There the political revolution has been our enemies, and the confusion .of the multi-purpose projects. Here we find our delayed a c~ntury or more and with it has neutrals. - Government obstructing that great regionai come the technological revolution that, thus "Meanwhile, the cold war has entered a. development, the TVA (Tennessee Valley redoubling the sudden viol~ilce of the new phase. The Communists are on the Authorlty)-and winding up in a malodor­ transition from the past to the future, Asia move a.gain, with aid, trade, arms, good will ous mess when the Democrats finally exposed. means to develop and quickly, for they have .missions, technical missions, student ex:­ the Dixon-Yates deal. discovered from us of the West that misery, changes, athletes, and neutrality propa­ "Now all these things are being done by oppression, hunger, and disease are not the ganda-while people in high places in our a regime in Washington that prides itself immutable destiny -of -man. Government shout 'No help to neutrals­ 011 its business-like management and effi­ "So they mean to improve living standards you got to be for us or against us.' ciency-that, indeed, is manned by its eche­ quickly. Can they do it the western way., "Our Government ls unprepared for this lon by the biggest of American business. So 1:>ur way, with democracy and the voluntary new Communist offensive, which ·has been in it is, I think, pertinent to inquire whether cooperation of the people or must they do it the making since Korea and the death of this record rea11y ean be construed as good by dictatorship and forced cooper~tion-the Stalin. • • • business, good business for all the American Cotnmunist way? "On the basis· of the :record of the past S people. "Well, these are great questions that are years, and in view of the decline of our pres­ "I .say lt can not, that no· business ever going to be answered on your doorstep and tige and influence, it 1s small .wonder that prospered which suffered from lack of fore­ sooner, I fear, than many of us think or the administration talks about keeping for­ sight, which attempted to t ake out today's bope." eign policy out of the campaign, and its press profits without thought of tomorrw. DIFFERENCE ON METHODS -agen t s assure us that all criticism is just "Business in this ~untry is not secure, for ••There is no division among Americans on •campaign oratory.' example, when the income of American party grounds with respect to our desire for "* • • Too often, of late, we have been farmers has declined by 27 percent in 3 years, peace or our foreign policy objectives, but urged to forget that the essential quality of and when this whole, vital segment of our there are crucial differences among us as to democracy--distinguiEhing it from those ec'onoiny is in distress. · methods, and the vigor with which we shall .societies where cit izens are not masters but "It is the genius of the Democratic Party pursue them. slaves-is that we trust and rely not on catch that we have been able to bring together all "I am not, the newspapers and writers to words and phrases, like 'peace and prosperity,• the eiements in our political economy tp the contrary notwithstanding, one of those but upon a whole people's judgment, because put the farmer and the workingman and who feels, or says for partisan advantages, tt is a wisdom superior to that of the wisest the consumer at the council tables of Gov­ that all the Administration, the President man or small group of men. · ernment along with the businessman-and and the Secretary of Sta te, h ave done in this ,;And I want to affirm, as we start out new so bring forth programs in which all Ameri­ field, is wrong or have who1ly failed. on this campaign, the conviction thalt it's cans move forward together, with no single "But, likewise, I am shocked when I read our primary obligation to make the election interest gaining ground at the expense of every day that all is well. That any criticism next fall an expression of a. whole people's another. of this administration and its frequent and informed judgment about our problems. "I submit that this is ,the way it has to be foolish failures is just campaign oratory, and "• • * There are those who say that there is if we are to realize the full promise of the that whatever a D,imocrat says about the no longer any real differ~nce between the future that lies a.head-the future of prom­ conduct of our foreign affairs must be taken Republicans and Democrats-and · I must ise and peril in which this Nation is called with a grain of -salt . . concede that this 1s an illusion the Repub­ upon to lead the free world and this, finally, ''If debate and discussion ·of our most im­ licans do their best to foster in election is why I have undertaken this campaign of portant problem by partisans is to be dis­ years.'' 1956-in the deep beUef that my party, and credited and ignored, then how, when, and THE FARM PROGRAM only my party, can restore to Washington by whom are the people to be informed "Secondly, a hasty reading of the pro­ the combination of responsibility and hu­ about their most important concern? posals that are being fed into the congres­ man concern which this age demands o1 "Because these are our most important sional hopper these days would lead one to America." concern, because they are the issues of sur­ believe. that a Republican President is re­ ·vlva.l and, in need of life and death, I am vising recent Democrat platforms. persuaded that no greater m isfortunate could "But when we look beneath the surface, The Communists Are on the Move Again befall us than an electorate asleep or com­ we see litt le more than a · grudging con­ With Aid, Trade, Arms, Good-Will placent or indifferent about the world and cession to the minimum demands of po­ ·our central position in it. • • • litical expediency, iu a campaign year. l\'lissions, Student· Exchanges, Athletes, "The fact of the matter ls that as we · "We see a farm program patched together enter the second dcebate since the last war, from old Democratic proposals by a political and Ne,utrality Propaganda, Adlai devastated, bleeding Russia is more powerful party in h asty retreat from its own program, Stevenson Warns-II than ever before and enfeebled, war-torn which set out to get rid of the farm sur­ China ls a prevading Influence through Asia. plus and a substantial number ot small farm­ ••we have been spending $40 billion a year ers in the process. EXTENSION OF REMARKS for peace and security-and there· is none. ·"We see an education program advanced OF There isn't even preponderant power in the only when public demand could no longer new weapons any longer, as we are now learn­ be deferred-a program still too small to HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. ing from escaping facts. Yes, and resigning meet our n at ional .shortages. OF -.NEW JERSEY figures. "We see a highway program offered as a • IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Instead of resting complacently on last replacement for last year's proposal, which summer's rosy summit, the spirit of Geneva· turned out to be a bonanza for the bankers Thursday, February 16, i956 . (which was promptly stamped · 'made in and a device to keep the cost out of the Fed­ Washington') has suddenly given way to the Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. eral budget. Speaker, on July 27, 1954, President realization that our situation is more perilous "* • * But an even more significant index than ever. to the present approach is to be found be:.. Eisenhower sent a message to the Con­ "France is paralyzed and sorely -pressed;" hind the scenes, in the administration of gress requesting the sum of $5 million Germany dismembered and restless; the guns the program the erstwhile 'great crusaders' to be expended at his discretion to meet are rumbling again in the Formosa Straits: inherited from the Democrats, and to which extraordinary or unusual circumstances nationalism is ready through awakening they still pay lip service, at least in election arising in the international affairs of the Islam; Soviet arms and influence are creep­ years. ing into the Middle East (and we welcome Government. The message stressed the anxiously these days assurances that security "Here we see a steady cutting back and need to participate in international trade emasculation that affects vital segments of 'fairs, where the Russians had made tre­ of Israel, which we helped create, is a genuine our economy, like soil conservation, flood concern of our Governme.nt). · controls, "resource development, food and mendous gains in advertising their way .,,BRINK OF WAR drug administration, rural electrification, aid of life through · their products. The "And, meanwhlle, the uncommitted third to small farmers, and so forth. President went on to say that in the cul­ of mankind is· listening to what we say and "Here we find the Secretary of Interior tural and artistic fields as well, we need watching what we do unhappily. . Too often proposing to put a man in charge of our greater resources to assist and encourage what they hear and see leaves the emphasis publtc grazing lands who has long defend­ priv_ate musical, dramatic, and other on Goa and colonialism, on 'the brink of ed the right of private owners to a feudal cultural groups to go forth and demon­ war.' And a.Jtomic devastation of Asians, on Interest in the public domain. , more military pacts. And less economic as­ ••Here we find a long-time critic of public strate that America too can lay claim to sistance, and finally on confusion and con­ housing in charge of public housing, which high cultural and artistic accomplish­ tradictions that reveal all too clearly an ad._ already suffers -from financial malnutrltion ments. ministration which tries to sell ·roreign policy that would have been shocking even to the The funds were appropriated in the instead of explain it; which tries to conduct late Senator (Robert A.) Taft. closing days of the 83d Congress and the 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2747 International Educational Exchange motion and strengthening of interna- . NATO, progress toward a workable plan of Service in the Department of State· took tional relations through cultural and world disarma~ent, freedom for Austria and charge of the cultural programs. The athletic exchanges and participation in democratic gams at the Bangkok anq Ban- . t· f . d f t· ,, Th.· dung conferences. ·Department of Commerce was . charged 1nt~rna. 10na1 airs ~n es iva1 s. IS The Agency energetically carried out its with the trade fair program and the leg1slat1on was first mtroduced by m~ as responsibility· of achieving maximum psy­ United States.: Information Agency gave H. R. 6874 on June 16, 1955, and hearmgs chological benefit from activities supported strong informational support to these were held on my measure by the House by the President's Emergency Fund: United activities overseas. Education and Labor Subcommittee on States participation in international trade The administration and the Congress Distinguished Civilian Awards and Cul- fairs (administered by the Department of had come to the conclusion that, in the tural Interchange and Development on Commerce) and. presentatio~ of American words of the President, "nothing is more cultural attractions to audiences oversea&, July 5 and 6, 1955. (administered by the Department of State). dangerous to our cause than to expect It gives me great pleasure to be able Using press, radio, films, and personal con­ America's message to be heard if we to say that Senator HUBERT H. HUM- tacts, USIS 1 representatives increased the don't bother to tell it." PHREY, the distinguished Democratic size of a tt~nding ~rowds and heightened the It may be truthfully observed that Senator ,from Minnesota, introduced a favorable impression made by these events. this represented a complete reversal in companion measure to my bill as S. 3116 T1:1e Agency s~epped up tts work of pro,. Republican thinking. That this is so is • motmg worldwide understanding of .. the on February 2, 1956. United States' comprehensive atoms-for- shown by the fact that a subcommittee It is our hope that the Federal depart- peace program. of the House Education and Labo:i; Com­ ments and agencies concerned with this In the pages that follow, these activities .mittee under Republican leadership in program will report on our bills as re- and others are described in greater detail, 1954 rejected 14 bills calling for a similar quested in the very near future in order America's cultural stature program saying: that the Congress may commence hear- Through all media the Agency acquainted We cannot endorse any of them. We do ings on them. In this connection it is the public in many foreign cities with the not believe this is a proper area for the ex- important to bear in mind that the Sen- appearances of United States artists and penditure of Federal. funds. . musicians. · The 14 bills were sponsored by Democratic ate Appropriations Committee said, in Members of the Congress which apparently its report to the Senate on the President's One of these events-concerts in the Far made them unacceptable to the Republican emergency fund last year, that this fund ;East by the Sy~phony of the Air (formerly the NBC Symphony)-was so popular that leadership, yet the Democratic Members of s h ould b e ma d e a part O f the regu1 ar 2,000 Tokyo students stood in line for 27 the House voted the funds requested by the budget. It is with this recommendation hours for tickets, and -a Nippon Times head­ President without chiding him for the treat­ line proclaimed: "A Nation Falls for 94 Men." ment given the Democratic proposals, or for in mind that I have developed and spon- his failure to mention these measures and sored this legislation. The program to demonstrate United States the repeated claims of the present adminis­ I include as part of my remarks a letter cultural achievements also included: . tration that this program was conceived by I have received from Theodore C. Strei- USIA's Music in America exhibit, which the President in 1954. bert, director of the United States Infor- _ drew large cr9wds in India, England, Scot- mation Agency, and an excerpt from the land, Wales, and Sweden. · In a recent letter to the Congress fourth review of operations of that Fed- A display of American watercolors in the Theodore C. Streibert, Director of the eral agency; an article from the Wash- Philippines, which earned highly favorable United States Information Agency, said comment from the Manila Chronicle, tireless ington Star by Brian Bell regarding a critic of the United states. this program was undertaken in the face of the urgent necessity of combatting tour· abroad by the Air Force Orchestra Highlights of American Painting, which of which my friend and colleague from went to.22 cities and towns in Turkey, Nor­ the growing Communist cultural offen·­ Pennsylvania, CARROLL D. KEARNS, was way, Ethiopia, and Spain, where Spanish sive which has posed a great threat to - guest conductor; and an article from the Minister- Robert Alcover declared that Amer­ our position throughout the world. The New York Times on the Seventh Army ica exports "more than cannons, arms, and program, he stressed, has been carried Symphony, which musical organization dollars." out for the past 2 years under the author­ has been highly successful in winning Handcrafts of the United States, which ity of the Presid~nt's emergency fund for brought South Americans evidence that, as international affairs-Supplemental Ap­ the respect of Europe. · Rio . de Janeiro's Diario Carioca said, "even propriation Acts, 1955 and 1956--'bY the These articles afford striking evidence in the country of mass production, the tra­ Departments of State and Commerce and of the impact abroad , of American cul- ditional handcrafts peculiar · to European the United States Information Agency, tural achievements. civilization are maintained." UNITED STATES INFORMATION ~GENCY, Among other cultural events publicized Mr. Streibert said that- Washington, January 30, 1956. abroad were: The program has facilitated presentations The Honorable FRANK THOMPSON, Jr., Salute to France, Paris performances by throughout the world by outstanding United House of Representatives. .· top American musical and stage personalities, states performing artists and athletes who DEAR MR. THOMPSON: I have read with in- and- subsequent appearances in other cities have been enthusiastically. received. It also terest the bill H. R. 8497, which you recently by many of these artists. Salute attrac­ has supported United States exhibits at im­ introduced, placing on a permanent basis tions . included the Philadelphia Orchestra, porta:nt trade fairs and exhibiti_ons in every the program currently being carried out un- the .New York City Ballet, and performances geographic region, which, likewise, have at­ der the President's Emergency Fund for In- of Medea, Oklahoma, and the Skin of Our tracted great interest. Because the program ternational Affairs, to demonstrate American · Teeth. · has proved successful and because of in­ cultural and industrial achievements abroad. Concertst by the noted American violinist, creasing Coip.munist activity in similar pro­ I very much appreciate your long-stand- Isaac· Stern, in Iceland and Yugoslavia. grams, it has been decided to request the ing interest in this progrom and your vigor- Near and far-eastern concerts of Negro Congress to place the program on a perma- ous support of it. As you are aware, the -spirituals by the Jubilee Singers. nent basis. . program has been exceptionally successful, Spectacularly successful performances of The program so authorized will continue to and its impact upon world opinion has been the opera Porgy and Bess in Europe and the be the President's program, one to which he gratifying. I am in complete agreement Near East . . gives his interest and support. All authori­ with you that permanent statutory author- Of this · cultural program, u. s. News & ties in the bill run to the President and it ization is now most desirable. ·' World Report said: "American performers will be his decision as to the duties and re­ sponsibilities of the depal'tments and agen-, Your constructive thinking in this mat- are making a good imvression and causing ' ter has been of great value to us, and I wan.t many foreigners· to revise their idea of Amer­ cies which will carry -it out. In this way to express to you the Agency's sincere thanks. ica as backward in' the arts." continued flexibility will be insured. Sincerely yours, United States at overseas trade fairs Funds available to this program will con­ THEODORE C. STREIBERT, tinue to be used in part to underwrite per­ Director. The agency gave strong informational sup­ forming artists and athletes in their tours port to official United States exhibits at 14 abroad to the extent that admission receipts UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, J!'OURTH international trade fairs. For example: are insufficient to cover the total costs in­ REVIEW OF OPERATIONS, JANUARY 1-JUNE 80, 1955 . . The ·United States exhibit at the Verona volved. Such funds will also support United fair demonstrated American farming metp.­ States participation in international cul~ HIGHLIGHTS OF .THE HALF-YEAR ods to a half million Italians. tural and sports festivals and competition. These were foremost among United States In Frankfurt, thousands saw a typical The funds will also help finance UniteQ. Information Agency activities during the American home, States exhibits of varying types at interna­ first half of 1955: tional trade and industrial fairs abroad. · The Agency contributed to world under­ 1 The Agency's overseas person1:e1 and ac­ On January 30, 1956, I introduced a standing of the ratification of Western Eu­ tivities are known as USIS (U. S. Informa- bill, H. R. 8920, "to provide for the pro- ropean Union, admission of Germany into '\;ion Service) • · 2748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 16 In Parts; the United States exhibit caused -a 90-piece' symphony 'orchestra, ail 85-'ptece :tlielr duties as soicirers, on top of their re-.; the French Minister of Industry and · Com­ symphonic band, a 25-voice glee club (the .hearsal and ·concert activities, result in what merce to observe:· "It brtngs us a lesson in : 'Singing Sergeants·") and 5 dance bands in~ !Wo1,1ld : be a punishing routine even tf one optimism from a people whom we believed a eluding the "Airmen of Note" and the "Crew overlooks the tremendous amount of tr.avel­ short time ago to be threatened by a depres:- . . Chiefs." ·1ng required of them. sion-which never occurred." _ The band has appeared on 4 continents · The educational background of its first and toured 26 countries. It played to 100,:. violinist, 27-year-old Philipp Naegele-he {From the Washington (D. C.) Sunday Star -ooo people nightly for _17 consecutive nights studied at·Queens Ct>llege~ Yale and.Prince­ magazine of F'ebruary 12, 1956] _ -at Chicago's Soldier Fle1d and 60,000 people ton and has. a .,Ph. D. ln ,music hi.story and CONGRESSIONAL CONDUCTOR ·daily for 34 days in Toronto, Canada. It -was· a Fullbright · scholar-is somewha~ , (By-Brian Bell) _played before 250,000 people at Soesterburg, -above the orchestra.•s average, but not Holland, and holds att~ndance records in 2l 'terribly much so: · A .Pennsylvania Representative ls equally ,foreign cities. · Pfc. Ronald Ondrejka, 23, former violist 1n -adept at conducting a symphony orchestra The orchestra•s weekly recorded broadcast, and the ..affairs of his congressional district. ,the prchestra apq. its present conductor, has 'A Serenade to Britain, a half-hour show two degrees from t~e Eas~ma.n School of. Representative CARROLL D. KEARNS, once a ·transcribed for the British Broadcasting professional opera singer, guest-conducts the ;Music and formerly played in the RQch~ster ·Corp.,· is heard by an estimateq 11 milllon .Philharmonic. His pre.dec.essor _ was the Air Force Orchestra. Sharing· the podium ,listeners. World-wide USAF Band radio with bis longtime friend, Col. George S. How:. ·brilliantly gifted Kenneth Schermerhorn. . programs · have 40 million listeners .weekly. , Schermerhorn . took _ over the Seventl} -ard, r.egular conductor, Mr. KEARNS has 1~ . Mr. KEARNS is justifiably proud to conduct the musicians in Europe, Iceland, and this Army Symphony from James Dixon, a Dimi- this fine group of musicians. The orchestra. ·trt Mitropoulos p'rotege now at the Uni­ country; - · , 'plans to practice more for its musical diplo­ Last yea.r. Mr. .KEARNS joined the Air Foree versity of Iowa. When Ondrejka's service .macy abroad and the legisiator"f the major . sional or_chestras here, but that special qual­ Mr. KEARNS. again joined Colonel -Howard · American orchestras that have toured Eu­ on the. podium earlier- this montb, . in th~ .1ty, that tlair,-makes up for many technfoai rope in the last few years, t?ut about the . shortcoIQ.ings. Representative's home district. They con­ Seventh Army Symphony, an improbable ducted the all-State band, composed of the To the orchestra's particular· credit ls the ,military organization (the only one of its )'act that the Seventh Army Symphony has best high-school musicians in Pennsylvania, ·kind in the world) that is also quite possibly at Meadville. _ given_ many European audiences their first ·the busiest symp11onic group in the world­ ·chances to hear works by Aaron Copland·, In Congress since 1947, Mr. KEARNS first it played 258 concerts all over Europe 1n appeared with the Air Force Orchestra as Walter Piston, Samuel · Barber and other 1954 and 195~nd certainly one of the most Ame.rican composers. But this ls only part a baritone soloist, back in 1948. · successful American good-will ambas~adorl? "We gave the performa-nee at the Depart­ on the international scene • . -of the orchestra's ·accomplishment -in ihe ment of Interior auditorium after only one field of good will; for, by having won many rehearsal," Mr. KEARNS remembered. "I lUGH /:!TANDARDS . _a European's ,:espec:t for Americru;is as ~m.,. forgot the last eight bars of my number but Pr.ovidlng uncompromist:r:1.gly high-stand­ ,posers ~nd perfOl'mers. it has also )V'?Jil 8i George and the boys played on beautifully.'' ard _programs for ~I and civilia~ audiences, .new general respect fo~ the la~d whose uni".' Mr. KEARNS worked his way through col­ · the orchestr.a has won enthusiastic audience form its members weal'. · lege as~ railroader. He received b,is doctor's :reception .and respectful critical attention degree from the Chicago Musical College. . wherever it has played during the 4 years While at the latter instituti~ he sang ·of its existence. Jn fi_ve operas with Irene Dunne, later to It has maintained its excellence in the face become a famous movie star. Mr. KEARNS of a .tremendous problem that no conven­ Golden Opportunity for the Kremlin spent 3 years with the American Opera Co. . tional orchestra has to face: when a man·~ and was a concert baritone. military service is over, be goes home, no­ EXTENSION_OF REMARKS He was a teacher and supervisor of public matter what time of the year it is. The OF schools in Greenville, Pa.; dean 01 men an~ average time a man spends with the arches:. bead of the music department of Slippery tra is only about 14 months, and the turn­ HON. HAROLD C. OSTERTAG Rock State Teachers College and Superin­ over is literally constant. OF NEW Y.ORX tendent of Schools at Farrell, Pa., before The orchestra was established in the being elected to Congress. He knew Colonel spring of 1952, thanks in large .measure to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Howard when the latter was head of a music the sympathetic interest of Lt. Gen. Manto~ college. · _ · 'Eddy, then commanding officer of the Sev­ Thursday, February 16, 1956 Mr. KEARNS has high praise for the Air enth Army. One story has it that the twit­ Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, Pre­ Force Orchestra and believes it to be the ting General Eddy got from his German mier Bulganin of Soviet Russia has twice third best 1n the world, rating only the friends about the cultural le_vel of ~'H1llb1lly New York and Bos.ton symphony orchestras Gasthaus," and some other programs on the -proposed a treaty of friendship with our ahead of it. He .says he considers· overseas American Forees ,network, played ·a eerta1n Government in recent weeks. President · appearances by our mllltary musical groups part, · =Eisenhower wisely rejected the _offers-, are fine weapons 1n diplomatic psychological ABMYEEH .pointing· out that it. is deeds and· not warfare. ·The orchestra's schedule would· probably .words, which create international con­ The Air Force band and orchestra can re­ kill an organization. less -young and resilient. .fidence and bespeak the true motives solve itself into a 100-piece marching band, These men are, after all,: 1n the Army, and -underlying national policies-deeds, for 1956 CONGRESSIONAL--RECORD - HOUSE· 2749 example, such as assisting tO" the-statuS' · of whtch we- have a, lot, that will not grew. of nationhood some 600 million people--' Qnythlng_ that. cannot; _be grown on 250,000 Date Estimated . 1;1quare miles of land further east: Whereas -orau- total cost EShmated · the record to which the. West can point,. Project thor- at time of total C?st' it could if ' it. were allowed. go down into fza- authoriza- June 3o, since World War II. ; the subtropical climate, where it could pno­ tion · tion 1952 Today, on the 38th anniversary- of the ~uce commodities that could not be pro­ independence of Lithnania, Premier:Bul­ duced in any similar quantity elsewhere in Colorado-Big Thompson, ganin and his· colleagues in the Kremlin the country,. · Colo ______1937 $31, 70.2 772 $164,i31,000 have a golden opportunity to prove their As to that money waster, the Reclamation. Colorado River, Tex_____ 1937 29J 000, 000 23, 961, 794 Deschutes, Oreg ____ .______1937- 'fly Service: I have great faith in facta and, while !I', 000, 000 12, 943, 000 good faith, a. comparable deed whic.b. i!l~, Arfz ______1937 19, 474, 000 4 50, 083, 860 l follo.w these matters from ~ . very long. me River, Coloc ______1937 could illuminate the pages of history for ~istance, it seems to me that, a paraly.zing 3, 240, 000' 3, '471, 437 all time to come. All they need do is re-· Tucumcm-f, N'. MC'x ______l\}37 8, 278, 000 515; 540, 011 case ean be made if we get. the facts of 15. Austin, W. C., Okla.____ _ 1938 5, 600; 000 12, 295, 102 'store independence to 'Lithuania, as 'an or 20 enterprises that the Reclamation Serv­ :fort; Peck, ]¥{ont.-N. initial step in a.. systematic program of ice has recommended with·the amount that .Dak. (ox.elusive of powerplant and dam)' __ 1938 ______$25,400, ooo freeing all of the subjugated ·peopfes be­ they recommended for it and then the Fruitgrowers Dam. Colo_ 1938 UOO, 000 200, 3011 hind the Iron Curtain: : amount that· they later did spend. Buford-Trent.on rN. Dak. Such a deed could lift' men's spirits' This wo.uld show thezp. up as experts at (WGU) ______1939 1',500,000 1,238,546 baiting us on, like t.he classic case of the I'aonia,Colo ~ -----·------193.9 3,030,0QQ 6,723,30i throughout the world. ·It would give Rapid Valley, S. Dak __ . 1929 1,118,000 927, 4.12 substance to the Kremlin's protestations carrot in front of the ox. Colorado Rivet, Ariz- Sincerely · yours, Calli.-Nev .. (front work- of noble motives. and dispel.the specter . levees-) ______::,._ _ 1940 J. RUSSELL SMITH. :Eden, Wyo______· 1940 (8.) ' O, 12, 190, 000 of nuclear warfare that now haunts the 2, 445. 000 6, 152 000 In accordance with Professor Smith's Mancos, Colo _____ , ______1940 1,475,000 3; 006, 000 world. Mirage Flats-. Nebr______, 1940 2, 560., 000 3, 282, 58$ Will the Kremlin seiz.e this 'iolden op­ suggestion to reveal just how far wrong Now.ton, Utah______,__ , 1940 595, 000 712, 5.91 the Bµreau of Reclamation has been in San Luis Valley, Colo. portmiity? I am afraid not. And until (1st unit)______1940 17, 465~ 000 56, 230, 577 its cost estimates. on proiects authorized Davis Dam, -Ne'lt.-Ariz.- it does, we shall do wento examine care­ Ca1if ______· ______19,n - fully any pro1Ie11s of fiiendship. in_the past, I submit the entire available 41, zoo; ooo 118', 902, 056 1903 H152 Palisades, Idaho-Wyo-___ ._ 1941 24,092,000 76,601,000 Meanwhile, let us join in tribute to record between and as ·com­ ic~field,_Utab______1943' 640; 000 943, 88!) the unc-onquerable spirit of the peoples piled by the Second Hoover Commission. a morliea, Tex______I944 347; 00~ 429, 55! It.. is a .sorry record, indeed:- Hungry Horse, · Mont. of Lithuania and· their Baltic· neignbors, 48, :U9,000 102,900,000 whose will-to-resist has never been ~J~t~CKion(_-:~======' m1 62, 000' 90,' 530 broken. Their courage -in the face of D:rte. ,Estimat.e,d . Missoula Valfoy, Mont.__ 1944 250, 000 278, 762 of au- . total oost;. I Estimated )'tathdru:m Pratrie, Idaho_ !944 300, 000 482, 360 t ~wiston Orcllards, Idaho_ 1946 1. 466,000 2.488.,.000 tyranny, their inflexible determination Proied tbor- at time ot tataLcoS • Arnold, Oreg ______1947 to restore thefr lands to freedom and iza.. authoriza, Jun~ .30, . 220, 000 205, 535 tion tion ll)u2' · Cachuma, Calif______1948 . 32~ 310, 000 , 36,, 9G7, 000 independence, wfli unquestionably be Ochoco, Oreg_____ ,______1948 1, 500, 000 8.49, 830 Preston Bench, Idaho ____ 1948 453, 000 4'4.9; 554 • rewardect. one dar, in the reemergence Solan-0.,-Calif ______19.48 ;Hondo,N. Mex ______1903 4.&, 577,000 47. 111,000 of sovereign, independent nations. I $359, Q00 ' $371, 788 Fort Sumner., N. Mex ___ _ 194.9 Milk Ri'ver, Mont______· 1003 1, 000,000 9, 881, 774 1, 798, 000 2,434, 257 Newlands, Nev __ _: ______: 1903- Grants Pass, Oreg______1949' 100; 000 100, 000 1, 250, 000 . 7, 899; 479 Weber Basin, Uta:b______ll)49 N¢h Platte, _Nebr ___ :___ 1903 2,516,000 27, 939,,501 69~ 534,.000 70, 385, 000 Canadian River, Tex_____ 1950 ------96,079; 100 Salt River, Ariz______11103 2, 800, 000 26,..244, 688 Eklutna, Alaska. ______,__ 1950 Uncompahgre, Colo __ : ___ 1003 20, 365, 400 ?3, 800, 000 l, 300;000 !l, 965, 959 Middle Rio· Grande, N. Professor of .Economic- Geography De­ Belle Fourche, S. Dak __, 1004 2i 100, 0001, 5,288,.236 Buford-Tienton, N. Dak. · , Mex------~------· __ 1950 30,179,000 29, 60&, 000 2 VermeJo, N. Mex_ __:.. _____ 1950 2,67Q,OOO , 2,1119,000 clares Upper Colorad'o Project Gigantic (old}_------1904 ( ) . 223,423 ~ollbran, Colo ______· 19&2 ----~--:---- 17, 23&, ooo L<>wer Yeilo·w:s.io.n.e ,· Highway Robbery Mont.-N.Dak ______1904- 1,.200,000 3,__ 633,219 · Minidoka, Idaho-Wyo____ 1004 2, 600", 000 43, 706, OM Shoshone, Wyo.-Mont_.:__ 190.4: 1 7,828: 000 23, 6.'23, 9G2 MISSOURI RIVER BASIN · EXTENSION OF REMARKS, Yuma, AriZ'.-Calif______1904 3; 000;000 5, 80G, 74'3 ·• , :Boise, Idaho______' 190& 1.HJ, 852,000 66,371,938 OP Carlsbad, N. Mex ______1905. 1 605;.000 · 5,800,683 Bostwick division, Ne- .. - Garden City, Kans_____ 1905. l 419, aoo . 334,415 brask:a-Kansa~------1944 $8,104,000 1 $52,795,000 · HON. CRAIG HOSMER Huntrey, M"ont______1905 000.000 1,.552, 159 Canjqn Ferry unit, Mon- 1 tana ______li)44 ,: 11,025,000 28,.844, 000 01' CALIFORNIA Klamath, Oreg,-Calif_____ 1905 4,470,000 18,811, 222 Qkanogan, Wash______190& .(44., 000 ' I, 6.13', 973 · Crow Creek pump unit, - IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES :Rio Grande, N. Mex.- Montana._ __ ----____ - · 1944. 1, 525,000 1~ 700, 000 Tex ______1905 2,317,113 27,337,078 Frencbman-Cambridge . Thursday, February 16, 1956 Strawberry Valley• Utah_ , 1905 1, 250~000 , 3,498.994 divis:ion, Nebraska_____ 1944 ' 2o, 894,500 '73, 94.3, 000 lJmatilla, Oreg-______' 1905 1,000,000 ' &,324, 457 Kirwin, Karn,.. ______1944 . 10,000,000 20; .474, 000 Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, J. Rus­ Yakims.,. Wash______1905 10,000,000 60,359,028 Mari:as. Mont. (lower unft) .. ______.______1944 19,700,000 67,878,000 sell Smith, emeritus professor of eeo..: ~u:nls\::~t1n~t===== ~~ .,·~iJ2, ooo 10.:i:~: l'tapid Valleyunit, South nomic geography~ Columbia. University,, Or1and, Calif______1907 1 607,000 2, 5o4; 519 . D'akota ___ 7 ____ : ·-- ~ ---- 19'14 2, 470:, 000 9,630,000 is one of the Nation's leading experts on GrancfValJey;, Coro,______l91f t 3, 621,6&3 6,765,733 Webster unit, Kansas ____ 19.44. 7,800,00011 24,636,000 King: Hill, Idaho: ______1917 ~ 527,230 1. 987,854 Angostura unit, South the inten:elation of economics and geog­ Yuma auxiliary, Arizona_ 1911 (3) 2,,266, 487 · Dakota ______, 1941. 3',300,QOO 14,161,000 raphy. As such, his opinions · should Riverton, WYO------~--- 1920 9.465. 000 26,626, 000 Boysen uni.t, Wyoming ___ , 1944_ 8,202,000 34,254,000 ewyhee, Oreg.-ldaho_.~:.- 1926 · 17,715,000 18, 9'98', 744 Dickinson unit, North ' · carry great. weight. even with Members Vale; Oreg______1926 3,590; 000 4,962,697 · Dakota_,______: ______1944. 354,_630 1, 824, 000 Fort Clark unit,. North of the Congress of the United States'. Weber Rmr, Utah______1927 3,000. 000 , 2, n5,.885 Dakota ______1044 All American Canal. , ------774,000 . When sueh a man as Professor Smith ' Ariz_-Calif.. _:. ______' 1928 38. 500,000 67, 61<{,. 755 Keyhole unit, Wyoming- is moved to, characterize the upper Colo-· :Sowder Oa.nyon, Arh:.- South Dakota______1044 150, 000 4,, 820, 000 N ev. (Hoover Dam . Savage unit, Montana.___ 1944 ------564,000 rado project proposal as "that. gigantic . ~nd powerp}ant) _____ .:_ 1928 126,500,000.172, 070,.000 Cedar Bluff unit, Kansas_ 1944 7, 6lf, 000 18, 286, 000 scheme of highway robbery," it is time Bitter Root, Mont ______, 1930 750, 000 1. 037, 08'Z Heart Butte WJit, North for Congress to take a sober view of its Baker, O_reg ______::, __ 1931 200.000 281,589 Dakota ______· 194'4. 2. 4'97, 280 6,223,000 Burnt Rwer, Oreg______1936- · 550, 000 601, 026 Shade.hill unit, South ~ responsibility tQ safeg~ard the people'~ fJentral Valley,, Calif_____7 1935 '170, 000,JJOO 731', 774~000 Dakota.. ______1944 2, 327"'000 . 11,.445., 000 money, Oolorado Basin, Wa.sh__ 1935 487, 030u228 754,476,000 St. Francia unit, Colo- Frenchtown. Mont----~- · 1935 220,000 ·200, 791 r.ado-Kansas. ______194'4 Ia, 311,600 ; r~. 589,000 I have received the following com.; Humboldt, Nev_·______!935 2; 000, 000 1, 2!4, 32'£ Missouri diversion uni:t:, municatio~ from Professor Smith con­ Hyrum, Utah_·______1935. 930,000 953,854 Montana______1944 ~.. .831, 000 61,993,000 Kendrick, W~o______1935 , 20,004,000 , 3.11. 738, 385 Tamestown unit. North cerning the proposal: Moon La_ke, Utah______193a , 1, 5.0_0, ooo 1,,599, 359 · Dakota______1944 6, 984:, 000 8,576,000 SwARTHMou, PA •• FebruMy 8, 1956 .. Ogden River, J)'tab______1935 3,500,000 4~ 735,284 Parker Dam, Ariz.-Calif. Hon~ CRAIG HosMER. . (power) ______1935 21,767,000 24,201,808 • Eirclusive of contemplated allocation of $1,553,565 of House of Bepresentatives,. Provo'Rtver, Utah ______1935 9,974,000 33',4.52,19j cost of I~erfa.} Dam herein included in ,All American . Washington, D. d. Sanpete,. Utah______1935 375,.000 314,540 Canal proJect. . ';l'ruckee storage.,Nevada- 6.Exclusive of cost of storage works (Conchas Dam) DEAR Ma. HosMER; Thank you Jor your let­ eonstructed. by Corps of Engiaeers.. . ter o~ the 6t~ concerning- that gigantic' :e ~~!ii1!~id~ M~t:: :: ½igi ~: ::: ggg :: ~: e· $100,000 'per year. • scheme of high war robbery, the Oien Canyon: m . 7 Except for .total esti,mate_d cost. figures fuclnde Dam~· . ··1 Estimated in H. Doc. 1262', 61st Cong-,, 3d sess., S3'J67,000 of the cost. of C'-0'.rps ot Engineers Harlan As an economic geographer it ·seems to me Fund for Reclamation el.Arid LandS', 1911. . County Dam allocated to irrigation. . " 2 Combined. coat. of Willist.on an.ct_ Bu!ord-'.rrent.on • 8 Except· for total· estimated cost, figures include $6 to be a shocking, waste of national resources'· estimated in 1911 at $1,195,000. million of the cost of Corps of' Ellgineers Red Willow: to use- that wa.t,er for. irrigating- plateau land~ a Included ih estimate...of Yuma proje..:t. · Dam all1ica1ied to. irrigation. CII-173 · 2750 CONGRE~SIONAL· RE-C~ORD ...;.;_ HOUSE February 16 United States Technical Cooperation and forever tripping the farmers of our good for·a moment.· We cannot cast aside 91 years · ·· · · · · · ·.· · · · ·· -. · · · · · country. He cannot blame this latest of sacrifice. We cannot close, even slightly, Assistance Program move on his letter writers. It . appears a door that is not yet fully or,en, nor can we hesitate to open it all the way. We cannot now that he may be trying to . destroy deal _indecisively with elements which place EXTENSION OF .. REMARKS . this international agricultural program bias before decency and personal hate before ·· - OF , which also ·reaches out into· economic · 1aw and order: We must face these matters . development, lnte:rnational friendship,· · now ahd we must act now to hold the Nation HON. VlCTOR WICKERSHAM international' political fields~ · · · · to ·the ·course it has taken 91 years ·to chart. · ·.. oF oKLAiioMA · could it be that Benson's efforts to · In commemorating this 91st anniversary, IN'THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATWES 'destroy or make ineffective the training as we acknowledge the confidence·of Negroes' in America, let us as a national' community · Thursday ·February 16; 195'6.' · for foreign agricultural dignltaries and resolV(l that our ·co:p.fidence in America and . . , · •.. : : . . . , . technicians is.a part of Mr. Dulles' '1lead our f8!ith in t!1e,future 1s ·no less ·than theirs, . 1\41:.· ,WICJJ~E~~H4~-, :. ¥~\ S,I?,~a)fer~ ,I us :to ,·the brink1policy; ,, ·and so · forth? ·and let us do so by concrete legislative and : • .,. . ,feel compe}l~g .~<;>3:;ay ,15,om~tp1QK~aboµt. ~ .,· · :. '. , ,,.~ ..:·~ ·.'·' · .. ,. ,. , , ,,,,. ,:, ·.0 S0Cial' 8.Ct1dn'.' ' ...... ' '· . I - ,t" ' ~.;. , . .. · small bomb that Ezra is about ready.. to With 'best wishes for· a· most ·succ:'es~ful and ,· set off .that . will materially .affect ' the . . . . enjoyable affaii:r; . ' · •' · .,Uniteg States.techp.icaLcoop~ra·t.ion .,a:nd ·. · ,.,. Ninety-first Anniversary of the Sincerely· yours, · · .: -, ··· · - •. · . assistance prqgram ~broad:· It ·is noth- · ' ., ,. , • ,. ·. . . .. • . . · .i ~ JOHN D. DiNGELL·. •· ing new or surprisingl'to ·us. for Mr. Bez:i- , , Emanc1p~hon Proc_lamation son has just about "slid"-the dirt farm­ ers of _this .country out of business and EXTENSION OF .REM,ARKS . into .bankruptcy by his agricultural . OF · . Religious ... Persecution Behind t}ie · Iron policy so ,aptly. described in the editorial I Curtain ·· in the December issue of Harper's, which HON. JOH.N D; QING_ELL ~ • •' ,I • called the· .American farmer a pampered OF MICHIGAN tyrant and indic.ated.that the farmer is a IN THE HOUSE OF REPR;ESENTATIVES EXTENSION _·OF REMARKS burden to the taxpayers, and that their . -Thursday, F~bruary 16~ ,1956. ' . ·HON.. .·. VICT.. O~OR~ L. ANFUso· dole is a permanent ri.ght. ' - At first I was-surprised when I heard Mr~ DINGELL. Mr. ·speaker~ this .. OF ·NEw· YORK' ·s carryi·ng o~t· ~ speci"fic year the' Nation marks the 91st a:q:niv.er- ...... , that Mr. Benson- l f th E · t· P 1 . t· · .lN THE HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES act which will -pull- the trig · out from sary O e mancipa 10~ rqc ~ma ion. . . . , . . . . . _OF . • _ . . .. · d t h · Under leave to extend· my ·remarks, I Thursday; Februafy.16, 1956 1 tinder 6'ur a:gricultura1 an ec mca1 -as- should like to have printed in the REcoR·n . sistance·program abroad. the following letter to.Mr. Luther Keith,· ~r'. AN,Fpso: ·. Mf. Sp~aker, the Com- Right no'Y 14:r. f3eQ..Son, has his m?v~rs . of the·Detroit, Mich., Catholic Interracial munist war ag~inst xeligion and r~ligious actively· engaged, m movmg the Foreign · · · , ··r h' , , · ~h· 'h · · · 'f · i;h •. freedom continues unabated in the Iron . ·- . 'g D' 1·-.1: s''to'n'.'-o''f f. USOA's) F'oretg' :h ' ~Cour,iqi •, W 'O 'Yas II e, C· ~~rrn~~ ·O ' . e ;. c· ·u· rta' in'',·co···.,:n-tr·1·e'3 •·. :D·· e·sCp·1·te' o·c'c~a·s1·0.;..... a:, ( T,ra~~lil, · V'l _~ . • '.. r ••• · , • • • · . •• ' COUiiCll'S program and. dmner held On " u ::; .u ,.1 ~gr.~e1µttµ'~ Sery~ce. 'oµt ._of -~h~ - Sout~ · .Sunday, ·F,ebruaty 12,._ f95.6, comni.enio'." r~por.ts ·to 'ti1e contrary, there has been·.. Agr_ieultural · ~1.l~ldmg··: :tr.to .... .1sqlated, , 'rating this anniversary:· ..... ··•. · • ·. no;letup in the campaign·. of the ·godless ... shabby, and .unsmtable pfJiceS_; lfl a •tem- ' • . • . t ' i 1 '. I .. • . ' ' ·against everything that•: is sacre'd ·and , '· pOrary building located-at 900 lndep~nd..:. ' CONGRESS OF T~E UNI'l'ED -ST~'l'.ES'. . ' . - .. '. ... 'holy._., All g~~at faiths ar.e' )t)'en~ced.· 'oy ,.. , t 1 . ' · · ,., •, •' 't ·., h'. ,• I• •, • • '' ·• , ,, ; " HoU~E OF Rf~RES]!:NTATIVES, . ~Jll.G~, A,vepµ_t;'. ~_ _; Wha: .~.a.. ~. .•alr\_e , ,l ~- i.: ~. :.: 1 '. ,, • Wa$hiii.gtoh , t>. c~, February 8, "1956. ·this atheistic,communism;- Which is seek,- , It.is this foreign training _sta,JI of .abotJt Mr: LUTHER KEITH~ in'.g. to -destroy all r~ligions ·· and. every ·40 trained · men and women who · serve · Detroit, Mich~ trace of religious.freedom. as receptionists, liaisons, training spe- · DEAR MR, ·KEITH: Please express to the A Very tragic· ~ase in point is that of cialists who plan training programs for members of the interracial council my sin- ·Archbishop Joseph Beran, of Prague, agr-icultural diplomats, administrJttors, cere regret that I am unable to ·attend the Czech6slovaki~• . who has been imprisoned and ·agricultural technicians who come annive~sary program di~er ~his Sunday at · by the Communists nearly · 5 years ago · · ·· .· · St. Leos Church. · .~o· the·Umted States to find:-?1.Jt wh_at has This year, _as the· NatiQn marks :tlie 91st · and . ~as !orcibly removed from Prague. made the_ farmez:s. and· ,ag_ncultunsts of anniversary of .the Emancipation Proclama-· · and 1s bemg kept at an Unknown place. the United-States of America.the greatest tion we would do well to pay·· tribute-to the · To ·the people of Czechoslovakia yearn­ and most ·successful.in the. wo;rld. These courage and the' faith ip. Amer!cari ideals ·of : ipg f ot true ·treedom, Achbishop Beran · people spearhead the :agricultural train- our Negro citizenry Which 11[1 SO ~~m~~iC~l:ly is.le> ~i?,'is day a syi:µbol of .their' struggi~ · ing.programs,· -conilected with the inter- demonstrated by the recorded _history of ~he ... for 'freedom: · .His s\)fferi_ng · and th~ in~ nationaUy,knownprogramforwhichour paist:91 .kyeia!s. ·.h·· t. lb -t· -...... b . ·· .. human ter:r:or .tb ·which. he is subjected ·okl h · D H G B tt · n ma ng sue a r u e we may o serve, d•• . · th . · ., . · · · . ·t . · bl grea.t . ~ ~man,_ r. . enry · · · enne . ' _in r~tfo~_pect;' that what has been ~ha.,rac~r-: , · ~rmg . ese.,5 :1 ~ng ye~rs a:i;e mex !1ca Y. ·:. '. g~~e-l;ns. ~1fe m Iran while ~n;~uty su~er- ized as "Negro progress" has .be~n. 1~ ,faqt,· ~oun<;I- ;~1th t~e _suffering. and .the terror (1 : .~ v~s111:~~po~nt .~!program, act1y1t1e.~. : . ; ,, . ~A~erica~';pi;o,g~~~.su or W?8.~ ;Aa;~f ap~~r~d :.to , .of. ti:ie ~eo;>l_~· t>f: ·.qzecbp~-~~yaku,t: 1 < ~.>· • : ~-:· ·'. , .. • ; - •· ' T~1s -·weelt,! Febr11m-y \l'3.... l 7i'. ..th1s .i,a-1J.> ... ' ,be a ·s'trugg1e •1>y ·;a· segme:nt .ot·' our ~pe~>'ple (to ·.it- 1-As·· these -u;m,o.cen.t ·. men· eontmue ,to:' .... import~nt·,staff will,s'et up headquarters :rid . thenj.~e~ve~ .o.r :second.:.131~~ ,,btt,1_z,en"s~1p,. ·suffe~,:::·amidst· -tht( ' stony' !silence 'of ~he . . ·: , , , ' ,in this te~porary ,buUding known as' t)ie ; ·has .p1ren and ·is ~a str~gg~e,,or:· 1;~~;.; ~li<:)!e . civilized-worlo.,. I woride:f:~;t tiriies'. wheth·;. : ·· .·. ~·.· - . i ... 0 ~ . Escah'.,aba 'Building, wher.e· unem.plos,ed Am~rican ,commy.~itr, to, re,alJz~ . drea~1 . et we Iiav'e 'becc'>mEd:all-OUS or insensible- 1 ; . r. • ' · · · - • . • ' · · ·• of true dElmocracy , · , 1 · ,. , • · · •. , . . • • ~· J •• t.P.e~plei}_' ~:;i.tp~r·:.t?-·s~eek W:O~k th-rott,ghrtil~ ,. , TOtlay Amerfoan~ -~re :becprilihg '"awar~ th~t ' to the; cri~es bei~ ,per~t~~led ,. ~gain~~ .><·' '." : t it~- pmt,t;'~ ;·f:itp,' e~.."e,~I>!~~mep.t afency; lo- ~ ) q.e: q.ii;,ease ~.ot; preJ'l}cftci:r::~E ~ ~·.h:~{_i:~c( l;\~~c~ ,' -th.~m.7• -J'h_e . ~~ee, world: ~u:5t_n9t f.oF~et '. : ~ ~.. · ., , cated. t~ere. A ,,un1t _bf .CIA, .. .formerly the whole N~t~on, regardl~ss of·the·1mmedi;._ 'them ln.., t~eit :lo_nely~hours of ag:9by a~d ; .. located m.tnat·s~ack, moved out to othei: ate objects of such prejudice and ~atred. It mental suffer-mg. -we· mJ.1st speak out quai:ters ... . :Rernember,·1 this is ·;the · plape breeds· law.l~s·sµess an·d violence· anp in r~- anew' in condemnation .of . this · godless • I•,,•, .foreign diploma;.ts ·will 'ga,ther ,When .they cen~ Irie,nths · 1-~ ha~ erupted ,_into r.evolt evil~which"has brought ·so. much misery came to this· country to· get .ii;iformation against t};le .sup,r~m~ autho.rity_of the lf\nd. . and.•su.ffer.ing -UP.Ori man.kind.:· We n;ll.JSt . regarding _. agrlctlltq.ral: tratn,iljg a:ri<;i · .in,-· Such_la_wl~~s~~ss and· violence ha~~ !>er,ve_d to • cqntinue . -t~ · d_~man.4: the .. freedom . of · 0 formation . It is lso t,...e concentration0 charact_erize a I1at~o~al disgrace. which has A:r:chbishop. -Beran and others who are • - - - ·• · - -· • "" · - - "'~ • - · · - · · · ' consumed the energies· of large numbers o!- . · . . pomt. where u~e~ployed .per~ons go to . our pebple -whtch might otner'.wise have.been ~~ffermg·a ,sn:~~l~~ fate. ·· We-m~st eon-. seek., Jobs. •. This. 1s not the kmd ·of en- . directed to·bringing greater and more ·a.bun-· tmue· to encour~ge_. these, people ·. so-tha·t · . .' .. vironment. :to . w:tiich we should subject · dant ben-eftts ··to ,·the· national ·community. they can · be · morally and.· mentally ·· ·· , impoFtfl.nt foreign people :who we, are try- and t<;> t~e local communit~es in. which they strengthened to survive the inhumanities ing tq impress.. . . , . · . Uve. Suph lawlessness .and violence hav~ to which· they· are ·subjected. . ·: Some·. of .· our foreign visitors might ~er_ved , ~~ focus. the· floodli,ght of .. nation!'l,l .... By our silence· we -seal -their fate~. _By · · , · · , and world scrutiny upon the advocates of · ·. . . . ·· . . . _ . waµt .to . 'buy ·so~e of ~~ surpl-q.s farm 19th.cent(ury. social patterns·!~ this, t~e 20th , ra1smg ·:o.ur yo1_ces· ~ prot_est.. :we g~ve produ~ts. W~~ ~now~...... century; U~der this scrutiny the . course' th_em-_hope a-nd we ...brmg ~ th,e .a~t~nt1oq . . ,.t\gam I &a~ 1t IS .a: shame. · It is .this -which bur Nation must take becomes ·crystal of the· world-the · true- facts· .of· rehgious. bad trait· of ;Mr. ·Bensoll· th'at keeps him - 'cfear. . w~ cannot tu:rn: back· the ciock, ev~n -pe:iisecution in. ;the ,. €ommunist.:::domi.• 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSB 2751 nated lands.. As long as innocent men We honor General Kosciusko today, -Natwn a:nd m· 134. foreign .lands- across like Archbishop Beran remain behind not only because.he fought for our inde­ the worid- Communist. bars, there is no freedom of · pendence but because he. was a vigorous The church women have chosen for religion behind the Iron curtain. champion or the universal cause of the theme of this year's obsel'vance human freedom as long as he lived. ''Thy wm be done~" words taken from His J:!ame. indee~~ is enshrined in the that most perfect of a11 prayers. Begin­ hearts and minds of the. American peo-. ning at dawn ~v(er th~ Fiji Islands and Birthday of Kosciusko ple.. I am proud to state that a. s.treet..in sweeping across. the world in. a great my home city of Rochester bears his chain of prayer. man's innermost long­ EXTErsION OF REMARKS name. ings for world peace and understanding ~ But let us bear tn mind. that while will be sent heavenward tomorrow in we here in this country enjoy the bless:. every dialect, every tongue. HON. KENNETH R. KEA TING ings of freedom, the na.tive land of A day that brings together all nations OF NEW YORK Thaddeus Kosciusko, who fought to make in a great fellowship of prayer cannot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our land free, still suffers under the help but have an uplifting effect en all of mankind and who knows what great Thursday-, February 16,.1956 cruel yoke of tyranny. We. ha,ve neg­ lected the plight of Poland too long. She and wonderful things may be achieved · Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, Febru­ is too good a friend for us to treat in this through it? It was Tennyson who said, ary 12 .marked a very special day in the fashion. · Though we are engaged in cold "More things are wrought by prayer hearts of lovers of freedom everywhere. but mortal e.ombat with the forces of · than this world dreams of." and we in All over the world it was- celebrated as communism the world over:, we cannot this country ha.ve.recent1y had a demon­ the birthday of Abraham Lincoln. In allow ourselves to forget others who stration of the power of thfS' great and America and Poland at least it was cele­ have .sacrificed for freedom and fought limitless resource. A few months ago brated as the birthday of Thaddeus the common enemy. We should do all the :President of this great Nation was Kosciusko as well. in qur power to bolster up- the spirit of stricken and the. hearts of the· whole The parallels between these two men our friemis in Poland. world were moved to pray for his: re­ are striking. Both men fought courar To that end, let us extend and expand covery. A few days ago the President's geously, in their own ways and in their the Voice of America and Umted States physicians. were able to report him well .own times, for the liberty of ·man and Information Agency program5,. so that and· sound and again prayers of thanks­ for the right of e~ch nati.on to determine the voice of the free world will continue giving rose from the lips of men and its own way of rule. Both believed in women in this and every nation on the to penetrate the Iron Curtain. globe. the dignity of man. Both dedicated Above all, ret us protest to the United their lives to free man from oppression. I cannot help but feel that this tre­ Nations concerning the many inh1stices m endous out}!)ouring of s1ncere prayer, Both contributed richly to make this going on today in Poland. III' the past Nation great. Their nobility of char­ plus the Pl!esident'S: own deep and abid­ conquerors and exploiters of Poland ing faith, were able· to bring· about this acter; devotion to µrinciple. and love of have always permitted the Poles to · re.­ justice for all men continue to · inspire happy. c-ircumstance. us today. · t a,in intact their cultural traditions and When me:n and women lift minds and their sen se of national .history, as well hearts to God i~ ·unselfish, sincere _ Thaddeus Kosciusko was born on Feb­ as their native Ian~uage. Now, howevet, ruary 12, 1746. He came to this coun­ prayer, then lives can be changed, the heel of :a.:roscow grinds deep. Reports miracles: wrought, hatred transformed try in 1776 as one of l).undreds of Polish from behind the Iron Curtain indicate patriots who won undying. glory by aid­ into love, and ':>itterness and conflict into that not only Poland"s cult1:1re and his­ peace. ing tis in winning the R ::;volutionary War. tory, but her language as well, are being -'These men we·re not soldiers ·or fortune systematically destroyed by the Rus­ or adventure seekers. They were true siansr We must not let the n ames of Atomic tae. believers in the freedom of man. Most titans. such as .Micki0.wicz, Sienkiewicz, Energy an4 Solid Gotd of them had fought for Poland for that Paderewski, and Kosciusk.o ·die out. We ...Cadillac- Upper Colorado Project ideal before crossing the seas to aid us must not let the flame ·of freedom they iii our cause-. helped feed die· out. We· must protest ·EXTENSION- OF. REMARKS · Immediately upon ·arriving in this to the United Nations the injustices in OF country· Kosciusko applied for military ·Poland. service. He wac; accepted and charged The finest way in which we can honor HON . .CRAIG HOSMER .. :/ with drawing up pians for fortifying ·tne memory of · that. gallant Pole who OF CALIFORNIA the · Delaware River. The success of came to our aid in 1776 is to deo.icate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: . . this project earned him a commission as ourselves to assist in every possible way - -.," Thursday, Februa171 i6~ !95_6 colonel of engineers in the Continental to gain freedom for Poland and for an Army. inen everywhere. Let us reiterate our Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, produc­ The remainder of his work in the War faith in freedom and reaffirm our de­ -tion of electric power by atomic energy of Independence is a matter of history. termination to work to make the world is not a; dream of the future. The age of How he directed the construction of f orti.,. safe for the democracy for which nuclear power is liJ.ere.- fl.cations at West Point. How he erected Lincoln and KosciUSko fought so Bravely. Today the Uni~d States is engaged in defenses at Saratoga which played such a vital contest with the Soviets- to main­ a vital role iri_our victory there. How tain it~ nuclear leadership not. only in he engaged. in. the B a ttlP. of Charleston weapons, but equal1y fn economic uses of and was among the first of the Conti­ ·Nation, Mark World Day of Prayer the. atom's secrets. . If .we -fail in this, nental·Army to enter. t he clty after the then we will fail to stem the tide of ruth­ British evacuated. · By tll.e close -of the less, aggressive, dictatorial communism. war he was a brigadier general. . EXTENSION OF. REl\4ARKS . Such a .'failure, would not be Americars , For a time-af.ter the war be remained _ OF alone, .but ·would be shared by. -people . in his adopted land, but when i.t be­ everywhere who look to us to preserve the came' apparent. that there ·was hope for . ~. HON.' GORDON·. CANFIELD . peac.e and maintain the freedom and a resurgence cf freedom ·in ·ms native OF' NEW JERSEY · dignity, .a! map.kind, Poland. he returned to jofo the fray~ .. iN::.THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • Yet in the midst of t}:lis deadly struggle, There he led a tiny but inspired army ,. ' Congress. is ll>eing asked to. waste hun-~ of patriots in .· its resistance to the Rus­ Thursday, February 16, 19·56 dreds of millions oi dollars worth of our sian tyrant. Th~ odds against him were ~· .. J.'4r .. C.ANFIELD-.. Mr.i Speak·e~, ·unEI~i re~o,m;ces tq build hyd1:0electric plaAts as great · and tne outcome' fnevitable, ~ but leave to extend my remaFks, I would like ''cash registersu foll'. i:ri;igating ·arld land, he' :tought bravely 'on.· ·Imprfsoned.onc~ to pay tribute to tlile church· women, oi at ·high altitudes in Colorado. New.. Mex­ for 2 years,-' he was· eventually exiled to the-·world, Who .tomerrow are mark·ing· ~c.Q,.,WYQllling, ~;nd U:tah. This· i:s a proj­ .s~~tzerl~nd, )v~~re fie 4die,~ in 'i8_17.. . t~e annual .world Day _¢ ~rarer, in th~ ec_t ~o i!lf~as.ib,le tpat. its water revenues 2752 CONGRESSIONAL '. RECORP - - lIOUSE February 16 could repay less than 15 percent of its _ The Armenian Uprising In the course of the next 2 months the cost. It is-a pi:0ject that .could only. add --.-.·, .Armeriiari people learn_ed the brutal na­ to the Nation's bulging agricultural sur- ture of soviet tyranny, which in 'its train EXTENSION OF-,REMARKS produced . intolerable .oppression .and ··Pluses. · · . · - 01' I refer, of course, to.. the "solid .. gold caused endless misery. In mid-February Cadillac,1' multi-billion-dollar upper HON. ·JOHN l>~ "DINGELL of 1921 the Armenians, under· the inspi~ . · Colorado River. storage boondoggle. oF MICHIGAN ration of their ,fearless leaders, .revolted '· If against . their communist . oppressors. political pressures are so great in an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They acted in complete unison and with. election year that Congress cannot·resist this greatest stunt since P. T. Barnum Thursday, February 16, 1956 &lJCh .de.termination and resolve that in invented-the "egress," at least it should Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker,. on the a few days they expelled their un_welcome be carded off in a manner minimizing .its 35th anniversary of the historic February overlords from the country, and on Feb- drJl,g on the Nation's vital strength in the 18 revolt, freedom-loving . ·Armenians ruary 18 they again asserted their na­ great battle against the Communist· evil. worldwide pray for another uprising in tional independence. This revival, how­ ·If· Congress should insist on spending Armenia and to the four corners of ·the ever, proved to be of short duration. In · billions of ·dollars to put ati<;i new land Soviet Union by the various groups who the course of less than 2 months, Russian under cultivation and at the same time like the Armenians live in a reign of Communists gathered strength and again enact a .$1 billion a year program to terror. And this uprising must come pe- attacked Armenia, this time with a larger deposit 40 miJlion acres of farmland in . fore the whole of Armenia's _youth are force •. By early April, Armenia was once "soil banks," then at least in the process done away with, as reported in _a recent more engulfed in the massive blood-bath it should provide something of national series of articles by Mr. V. Valadian, an of Communist tyranny. · benefit to salve the welts on ·united analyst or' Soviet affairs and well-known For almost -35 years, Soviet tyranny Armenian writer. _ Valadian said: has been maintained over Armenia with States taxp·ayer's backs. an iron hand, and fts oppressive yoke This can be done if Congress firmly and soviet papers reported that· 4,000 Armenian weighs heavily · upon the people there. courageously yanks out of the bill every youth had been sent to forced labor, in the Kazakh steppes. The dispatch of Armenian . The helpless Arineniaris, ·lwwever, ·even cent of the . $504,212,000 provided for young people to Kazakhhistan has. continued when subjecte'd t6 inhuman treatment _by "horse and buggy" hydroelectric plants without pause, that the total . has reached the ruthless 'minions of the Kremlin, and directs this amount of money be used $10,000 or thereabouts. Most . of the young have not relinquished their claim to free- · to build nuclear-electric facilities . . men and women are students. Others are dam and their right. to national inde'"" such a substitution has a greater value construction workers. pendence. Theirs was one ,qf the :first merely than giving th~ United Stat~s This in itself is an example of how tne successful a,ttempts to overthrow Com­ nuclear-electric program a half billion Soviet maintains its iron r.ule on its sU:b- munist tyranny. And today nothing dollar shot in the· arm to spur it toward jects, by steac,lily draining the cou-ntry ·of would please us ·more than· to see them supremacy over the Reds. The idea may its freshest, most promising yp1,1t,h. The ~re~d from the du.tGhes .of_deadly con;i.-, . well save from' niirl 'the' already' shaky ,youth· who the, Soviet fe~rs- niay be ~he munism and onc.e more regain their na­ financial structure of the' upper Colorado leaders of another February 18, 1921. tional political independence. :r:n com- . scheme;. It is ·pi·esehtly based on selling There are many significant events in memorating that revolt, we not only pay 6-mill power f o;r the. next hundred years. recent and cqhte:mporary-history which tribute to the memory of those who gave - Obviously, .6-mill power will be rend~red are not well known. Some important their lives for a noble, cause, but we also ~ competitively obsolete in a fraction of events which took pfac~ inore'than three - express our profound admiration for that' time by· nuclear-electric develop­ decades ago, events in which fre.edoin- those who still steadfastly cling ·to the ments. starting out with nuclear power loving men fought valiantly against the · ideals held in common _by all free men. plants, they could from time to time be 'then growing power which today threat- modernized and bring power· production ens the very basis of our way of life, are costs down. Starting out with hydro not as familiar to us as they_should be. plants, ·nothip.g could be done to st.op The revolt which the Armenian people Tax · on Average Taxable Income: Expla- them from being turned into· history's ·staged against the Communist tyranny nation of P.-oposed Legislation most monumental white elephants by of the Krerilliri 35 ye;:trs ago is, one of swiftly unfoiding technological develop- those little known but important e:vents. ments. · EXTENSION OF REMARKS The Armenian people had ·.1ost their , OF In short, not -only. do common sense national political independence more tactics· vis-..:.a-vis Soviet developments de­ than 500 years ago, but throughout that HON. IRWIN. D. DAVIDS.ON mand this nuclear for hydroelectric sub­ long period t};).ey had contrived to main- oF NEW YORK stitution, but dollars and hotse sense as tain their national entity and had firmly IN '.l'HEl HOUSE OF REP,R:E$ENTATIVES - well demands it. clung to the idea of, national indepen- This is particµlarly ·true l:)ecatise there dence. Toward the end of World War I, Thursda'J!, February 16, 1956 _ -is no need for water storage behind power .they saw their chance, seized upon it and Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I in- da':rns to enable·· the upper basin to make declared their independence in May of ·troduced today for appropriate reference the new uses of 600,000 acr·e-feet of water 1918. At that time Russian commu- a bill designed to mitigate the existing annually contemplated in the bill. Over nism, as an international force, was in harsh and inequitable effects of the im,;, · a million acre-feet of new uses can be ·its infancy, though a definite ·threat to pact of high surtax rates on persons with made without such storage. The unnec­ the newly born Armenian Republic. · fluctuating incomes. As proposed, -the essary storage provided for .°·hydro­ Even so, the new state managed to stave bill is made limited in scope _in order to electric uses would permit evaporation off both Turkish nationalist· and Russian take into ·account the revenue cost. from extensive lakes surfaces of ov.er Communist threats for more than ·2 Under the present statute·, each tax­ 300,000 acre-feet of precious water an- years. But'toward the end of 1920, it w,as able year is treated as a completely inde­ -nually-125 percent of -the amount put clear that, unless the Armenians · were · pendent tax-producing unit. ·Accord- · to beneficial use. aided by the West, their independence as ingly, if an individual earns a greater In the water short West this is an well as their freedom was doomed . .Un- · amount in·one year than in the next; he additional and compelling reason to pull fortunately that gloomy prediction was niust pay. tax in the first year upon the out the hydro plants and put in nuclear fulfilled. In the fall of that year, when higher brack~t rate in -effect for · such · ones. nationalist Turks and Communist. Rus- year without opportunity to · offset : There is no justification for building sians launched their simultaneous at- against this amount;...:...or the taxes paid great hydroelectric dams when atomic tack against the Armenian~. their co~n- with respect to it-the lowe,r income of power can be more effectively utilized. try was overrun and their independence the succeeding or· preceding years. , The CJrcumstances in these trying times do destroyed. · By . the end of December, necessity to compute taxes on a year-by­ not warrant foisting this solid · gold­ Communist Russians succeeded in bring- year basis, while a necessary administra­ Cadillac reclamation plan on the already ing most of Caucasi~n Armenia under .tive expediep.t, is based upon the concept overburdened United States taxpayer-. the Soviet. hegemony. · of a r.elatively constant income level. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2753 This bill seeks to even out the income refund at the expiration of· such period open market with the fly-by-night on an annual basis for a limited number will be automatically granted. This will ·operators. of years, even though it in fact may have enable the legislation to provide practi­ I am particularly troubled by any been received in irregular amounts for cal, monetary relief for people whose in­ threats to small-business operations in these years. comes have dropped sharply. This may this Nati9n. I consider small business, Al!, applied, the proposed legislation be obtained by. offset against installment both in industry and agriculture, as the would permit an individual to treat the payments due or through actual cash economic foundation not only of this current year and the first or the first refund. country but of the world. And I also and second year preceding as one eco­ consider the thousands of American nomic unit. Such individual would total ·automobile dealers an integral part of his taxable income for the 2- or 3-year Safeguarding Free Enterprise this firm economic base upon which our period involved-whichever produces the ~ation was founded and has prospered lesser averaged amount-and would be . EXTENSION OF REMARKS to the point of world leadership. liable for tax as if he had received the I have made specific reference to the averaged taxable income for each of the OF automobile dealers of America, but my 2 or 3 years in question. HON. WILLIAM. H. AVERY views also can and should be applied to Thus, if an individual has taxabl~ in­ OF KANSAS 'include small-business operations of all come for 1955 of $10,000, for 1956 of · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES types and forms. Proprietors of these $20,000, and for 1957 of $30,000, the aver­ business concerns are the backbone of age taxable income for 1955 and 1956 is Thursday, February 16, 1956 community life in this country. They $15,000. If 1955, 1956, and 1957 are Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, under have spent much time and effort in es­ taken into account such average is $20,- leave to extend my remarks,. I wish to tablishing reputable firms which con­ . 000. The taxpayer has an opportunity call attention ·of the Congress to legis­ scientiously serve the best interests of to utilize the first, or the first 2 preceding 'lation pending before the Committees on the community. These men and women taxable years, whichever produces the Interstate and Foreign Commerce and are civic leaders as well as business lead­ most favorttble result. In any event, Ways and Means which I consider vital ers and their lives have been devoted to since the averaging period permitted is to the future welfare of the automobile this dual role. limited to 3 years including the taxable dealers of America and to the Nation in However, the service they offer to the year, no problem of ad1ustment of re­ -general. community is costly . to maintain . and turns or of computations made fo_r a On February 14 I introduced H. R. 9251, many are faced with the prospect of period beyond the statute of limitations H, R. 9247, H. R. 9248, and H. R. 9249, financial failure unless something posi­ is presented. bills which strike directly at the heart of tive is done to safeguard their economic In order to prevent the application of the problems with which the automobile lives from unscrupulous competition. the averaging principle where minor dealers of this Nation are faced. They Their loss would be an immeasurable changes in income are present, the ·bm­ are designed specifically to safeguard le­ blow to the economic and social welfare subsection (b)-provides that the rule of gitimate and reputable dealers from the of this country. ·All they ask is the right averaging is not available unless the tax unethical practices of so-called fly-by­ to serve the ~at1on ·in a. spirit of free en­ rates without application of the legisla­ night operators in the trade. In gen­ terprise, unhampered by unfair trade tion differ 'by 5 percentage points or eral, they are similar to bills introduced practices. more. This would mean that the rate previously for this group of businessmen. The Congress should not sanction any applicable to the income for the taxable I am convinced the problems which· legislative devices· which will tend to year as compared with the first or second face the automobile dealers today are a stifle free enterprise. Nor should it hes­ preceding taxable year must change menace to the economy of the entire itate in removing parasitical growths brackets by 5 points. For example, an Nation. · I have introduced the afore­ which st~nd in the path of healthy eco­ income of $10,000-taxed at 38 percent­ mentioned bills to emphasize the serious­ nomic growth. It must safeguard free would not be available for averaging un­ ness of the situation and as a means of enterprise. The bills which I have intro­ les·s the income in a later or preceding stating my firm support of corrective leg­ .duced serve that objective. year was taxed at 43 percent-$14,000- islation. rate. Such a rule will limit the revenue · I have long held the belief that the cost and confine application to true fluc­ · preservation of this great Nation is cou­ tuating income situations. pled directly to economic considerations Senator Paul Douglas Opposes Upper In order to prevent doubling up of ben­ which have always been a traditional Colorado Boondoggle efits averaging is not available where the part of our culture and customs. Fore­ taxpayer switches from a joint return most among these considerations is the EXTENSION OF REMARKS to a separate status or from a. separate spirit of free enterprise, the right of an return to a joint return status during the individual to progress independently OF ,period covered by the averaging; that is, through competitive endeavor. Our HON. CRAIG HOSMER the taxable year, the first preceding tax­ standard of living, the highest in the able year or the second preceding taxable OF CALIFORNIA world, is testimonial to the virtues of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·year. The benefits of averaging are this form of economic policy. available, however, if the taxpayer's re­ However, during the course of growth Thursday, February 16, 1956 turn, whether or not on a separate or under the free enterprise system, there Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, Sena­ · joint basis, .is consistently filed, either on crop up periodically a. parasitical group tor PAUL DOUGLAS, of Illinois, has a con­ a joint or separate basis. of irresponsible firms which threaten the siderable · reputation as an economist. The proposed legislation would not op­ livelihood of the entire "trade. Such is Of the "solid gold Gadillac" ~pper Colo­ erate unless · an election in form pre­ the case now in the automobile sales in­ rado River storage project he said this scribed by the Secretary was filed. dustry. Unethical firms are operating during debate on the issue in the other This will permit administrative control on a shoestring, so to speak, with low body last year: over the provision. sales prices resulting from the fact they This is a lavish, extravagant, unjustified In the event that the averaging prin­ offer no service on merchandise sold, lit­ program. It is about "!;he , worst program ciple produces a decrease in tax for the tle or no warranty of merchandise per­ I have ever seen during the time I have taxable year, the taxpayer may apply formance, and no intention to maintain been a Member of the United States Senate. such decrease against unpaid install­ business operations permanently in the It would be a waste of the taxpayers' money. ments for the taxable year. If, in addi­ same locality. These irresponsible oper­ • • • To my mind it is not justified on tion, it appears that a refund is also any basis whatsoever, and I · hope the bill ators are bilking the public of tremen­ Will be defeated. · · likely, then at the taxpayers' request the ·dous sums of morieY. each year at the di• ·return for the-taxable year and the pre­ rect expense of reputable and legitimate Those who may ·as yet be ·undecided ·ceding taxable year or years will be ex­ automobile dealers, whose sales, warran­ with respect·to this issue should be con­ amined by the Revenue Service within 90 ties, and service result in an overhead too siderably influenced by the words of Sen­ day's from the filing of the return and a high to allow them to compete on the ator DOUGLAS. 2754 CONGRESSIONAL ~. RECORD_. ' HOUSE February '16 I will qU:ote further from· his remarks lay you in getting wherever it is you are which calls for setting aside of 10 percent made in the other body on April 20-· of .going: . Sometim~ they force you to ·oi .all national forest revenues for rec­ last year- so· that they may .be before change your plans.because of the delay. reation facilities. .my colleagues for evaluation: Often, of course, they are necessary. for May I point out that the llouse Appro­ It ls because I believe that this project the public welfare or safety, and the in­ priations Committee of the 81st Congress, ls not good for the Nation that I oppose it. convenience can be O\i:ei:looked for a short in its report on the Department of Ag­ The area covered by this bill is the worst .time. Ticulture appropriation bill for fiscal plaee:. in the c;:~:mntry at w1:llch to develop But a permanent roadblock standing year 1950, declared~ hydroelectric power. • • • · in the path of more than 40 million The cost of installing power· capacity in · On~ of the activities of the. Forest Service Americans year after year is another -requiring considerable amounts of money the area. covered by this bill wm be over is that of the construction and maintenance '$500 per kilowatt, or 4 to 5 times the cost thing. It forces those millions of Ameri­ .of facilities in recreational areas on the na­ ·on -the Tennessee River, and· more than 5 cans to seek some detour, some means of times the cost of most dams on the Columbia reaching a destination they fear can tional forests. The committee believes it is River. • • • never be reached via the blocked main entirely possible as well as right and proper If we were to pick out one of the worst highway. . that · the Forest Service should impose a places in the United States at which to erect schedule of charges upon those using the It . is a roadblock like this that has national forest recreational facilities suffi­ a public-power project, we would pick out resulted in attempts for the past several this one. • • • · cient to offset the expenditures required for I doubt that this sum.:_the appropriation years to build a detour · such as H. ·R. the construction and maintenance of the ·for power-will be paid out, for power from 1823. . facilities. ,The principle ·of requiring the coal oil and shale oil in this region can 'I'he roadblock, so old and solid that recreationist to pay the cost of services in­ -probably be produced at the same or a lower ·it appears incapable ol removal.· even cident to his use of the facilities· is recog­ ·-cost. Furthermore what about atomic with the concerted ·effort of these mil­ .nizedand such requirements are imposed and energy? Will· not that be ready for use in .lions of Americans, is the inadequate ~nforced in many places in the Fo1;est Service. 60 years? -appropriations granted each year for I have been pleased to learn of the '. • • • so if we add the hidden interest costs, which will amount to more than $1,­ recreation facilities in the national for­ widespread support whlch is being given ·100,000,000, 'the· cost or- the irrigation 'fea­ ests of our country. At first glance this this bill, H. R. 1823. Many· sportsmen'"s tures will come to more than $2 billion and 'IOadblock might appear to be penny­ and conservation organizations ·have the total cost of all features to probably ·wise and pound-foolish; But even that -been joined by other groups in backing close to $3 billion or more. old phrase does not fit the situation­ the measure. The average. cost of con_struction, let alone this roadblock is penny-foolishness. Among the national and international interest, for the project as a ,whpl~ woul<;l .The detour has been under construc­ organizations which are supporting this be $952 an acr-e • • • if we include interest, tion ·the cost per acre will be $2,142. The cost during four Congresses. :i;t is still bill are: National Wildlife Federation, 'for the central Utah project with interest not open to traffic, but with one more -Izaak Walton League, Wildlife Manage­ ·will be $3,953. These are fantastic figures. 'PUSh during this 'construction season it ' ment Institute, International Association The most fertile land in the country • • • -can ·reach its goal. of Game, Fish a:pd Conservation Com­ is not worth more than ·$600 or $700 an acre. What is this detour? In the main it is missioners, Outdoor Writers Association ·Here we .are proposing to spend more than ·the same. route as :was proposed in the ·of America, National Parks Association, $2,0.00 an acre for .land which, ·when fully ·Tackett bills of the 81st and 82d Con­ American Nature Association and the irrigated, will not be worth more. than $150 an acre·. On a ·big project, we will be spend-- gresses and the Baker bill of the 83d -Ge.ncral Federation of Women's Clubs. ing approximately $4,000 an acre. · .congress. Grassroots support is evident in abun­ We must remember that these irrigation It establishes public recr,eation use of dance also. Among the many State and projects are not in low altitudes • • • (at the national forests as a congressional local groups which have affirmed their which) the average temperature is high and .policy; there is.no such policy now. backing of the ·bill are the Conservation ·the growing se-aso-n long. They are, instead, It sets aside 10 peroont, but not more ·Federation o·f Missouri, League of Ohio in the mountains, a.t altitudes from 4,500 -than $5,500,000 yearly, of the revenues Sportsmen, Vancouyer Chapter of the to 7,500. !eet, . where the growing season is -of national forests for development, Washington Wildlife League, Montana short, where the win..ters are long, .anct wher_e the crops produced will be, by the admiss~on ·maintenance, and operation of national District Council of Lumber and Sawmill of the · proponents of this bill, primarily forest recreation facilities, safety, and Workers, and many more. · · alfalfa, hay, and some corn, for the feeding sanitation; for more than 40 years tt.lere The national forests, com.prising 181 of livestock. These are costs which cannot has been a similar ::;etting aside of forest million aqres in 38 Stat~s. Alaska and be borne. Irrigation can better be used to ·revenues for roads, schools, and trails, Puerto Rico, provide the last great pub­ put water on the more fertile land of the ·but there has been none for recreation. lic-access area for m.illio~ of sports­ Midwest to raise :!;he yields per acre there. men. The Nation's farmlands and pri­ This would be at a very low cost instead of It provides that in those few forest at the astronomical costs of this project. ·areas where fees are charged for use of vate forests can no longer accommo­ • • • who then wm pay for this gigant,ic recreation facilities-and it should be date the growing army of Americans ,Project? The interest is forgiven, and borne noted such charges already are being seeking recreation in the ·out-of-doors. by the taxpayer. Eighty-five percent of the made-all of the money received must be More leisure time, the ever-shortening principal is not to be paid by those who own spent on recreation facilities. And it workweek, longer vacations, better high­ the land, but is supposedly to be saddled limits the recreation fee-charging au­ Wij.YS, more automobiles, improved liv­ on the power revenues. If we examine the thority of the Forest Service in two ways. . ing standards-and perhaps above all a costs and the -power revenues, we find that The Service would be permitted to make ..deeply felt desire of mankind to get back it would be almost impossible for the cpower 1 system to earn the money necessary to charges only for use of those recreation to nature--explain this movement. meet the 85 percent of direct irrigation areas which are especially equipped Barbecue grates in the backyards, pic­ costs. • • • · and substantially improved. And the nics in the city parks, camping trips. in This is a. lavish, extravagant, unjusti:iie<:f Service would be permitted to make the solitude of the f orestS-all are a part program. charges only for those areas in which of this trend. It is becoming vital for the amounts estimated· to be so collected the health of America that we citizens I . ~ , would justify the· expenditures necessary · have opportunity to get away from it all H. R. 182S to make the collections. · The Forest and. enjoy our natural surroundings. ~Servic:e estimates that only for 200 of the Many of our .. social and health prob­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS 4,700 improved picnic and campground lems would be reduced if we could get OF areas could fees be charged under the more people into the open more often. standards established by this legislation. Particular ly . .in this regard, I. think of HON. LE~ METCALF -At present, the Forest Service's fee­ the juvenile ·ctelinquency which is a na­ OF MONTANA charge authority is not limited by law. tional problem. IN THE ·HOUSE -OF REPRESENTATIVES Also, it should be pointed out that re,.. ni.e . imporatance of our national for­ ceipts from such charges as would be ests, fn this connection, cannot be de- Thursday, February 16, 1956. made under this bill would be deducted nied. . , Mr; METCALF. Mr. Speaker, road­ from the ·amount of funds made avail­ A major part of our·big game herds, blocks are troublesome things. They de- able under the other section of the bill as well as large supplies of game btrds 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2755 and small game, are found in the na­ phy of wildlife and scenery, dude-ranch well-being of many communities-not tional forests. Within these forests are vacationing, canoeing, skiing, toboggan­ only in.Montana, but across the Nation. some 81,000 miles of streams and more ing, snowshoeing, bow and arrow hunt­ Because of the importance of the than 2 million acres of lakes, open to ing, wildflower viewing, rock collecting, forests for recreation, in·some areas the public :fishing. trailer camping, "John-boat'' float trips, States, counties, and cities have at­ Over and beyond the milliorts of hun­ ice fishing, bird-dog field trials. Surely tempted to fill the gap. These gov­ ters and fishermen, many millions of cit­ there is something here for everyone-­ ernmental units have contributed gen­ izens turn to the national forests each just like a political platform. erously toward the operation and main­ year for other forms of outdoor recrea­ People of all walks of life enjoy and tenance of national forest recreation tion: for picnicking and camping, for use the national forests. For many of areas which are greatly used by local nature study, for winter sports, or for the poor people of this Nation they are people. In 1954, contributions in money, plain, unscientific enjoyment of fresh by far the finest outdoor recreation facil­ time and materials which were reported air and the out-of-doors. ities available. The man who is a low­ by the Forest Service from these sources Because of their wide distribution, wage earner is able to go into the nearby totaled $1,250,000. . California, Utah, the forests are the most generally ac­ forest, camp out inexpensively, and en­ Colorado, the cities of Tucson, Salt Lake cessible large public areas adapted to joy the great out-of-doors fully as much City, Ogden, Denver, Los Angeles, and outdoor recreation in the country. Na­ as any of his more fortunate neighbors. others are helping to keep conditions tional forests are only a few minutes Here he finds the greatest public hunting passable on some heavily used areas. driving time from urban areas; ;for ex­ and fishing areas in the Nation-millions Some 10 percent ,of this $1,250,000 was ample, Denver, Duluth, Sacramento, of acres without a "No trespassing" sign. turned over to the Forest Service, and the San Diego, Tallahassee, Spokane, Albu­ The States manage the fish and game, Service performed the work; the re­ querque, Butte, Phoenix, Portland-::-both and State licenses are required for hunt­ mainder was done by the cooperating Portland, Oreg., and Portland, Maine-­ ing and fishing. The Forest Service and local governmental bodies and organiza­ St. Louis, Asheville, Erie, Houston, .Salt the State cooperate closely on manage­ tions themselves. Lake City, Seattle. The Angeles Na­ ment of the habitat. These local governmental units have tional Forest adjoins the great metro­ The fores ts are open to all who come been doing as much for recreation in our politan area of Los Angeles. to enjoy them. In 1924 there were 4 mil­ national forests as has the Federal Gov­ The Forest Service does not encourage lion recreational visits to the national ernment. Our national forest recreation urban types of recreation because of a forests. In 1946, 18 million visits were appropriations for the past 5 years have belief these should be enjoyed in city reported. Last year there were 45 mil­ been as follows: lion recreational visits to the national and county areas. The Service tries to Year:1952 ______Appropriation $611,900 keep the facilities simple and appropri­ forests. If the present rate of increase ate to the environment. The Service . merely continues and gets no larger, the 1953______646,000 does not conduct tours, give lectures, or recreational use of the forests will be 80 1954______940,000 sponsor organized sports. National for­ million visits annually by 1963. 1955------1956 ______1,670,000970,000 est recreation supplements the recrea­ Of the past year's 45 millions who used tional facilities of States, cities, and the the forests, nearly one-half are credited Richard E. McArdle, Chief of the national parks, and does not compete with having gone to picnic grounds, Forest Service, has declared: with or duplicate them. camping areas, and similarly improved Our most urgent and immediately press.:. No one form of outdoor recreation can locations. About one-third went into Ing problem is to get on top of the job of satisfy all people. The national forest unimproved areas and wilderness areas adequate cleanup and maintenance of exist­ as campers, hikers, hunters, fishermen, ing recreational improvements. Although we recreation development has been that and trail riders. Most of the remainder have had some recent increases in appropria­ for which the particular area is best were cared for at organized camps on tions, although we have shifted part of the suited and for which the need is evident. land leased from the Forest Service; load to concessioners, and although. we have Consider the variety of features and these people represented the least cost been getting more cooperation from local r.ecreation resources of the various for­ to the Federal Government inasmuch agencies, we are losing ground. ests. Gorges, waterfalls, natural as full responsibility for the care and Chief Forester McArdle mentioned bridges, wildlife refuges, ponds, scenic maintenance of the areas and buildings another. way in which the forests have drives, glaciers, totems, observatories was assumed by the sponsoring organi­ been kept open for public use despite the where bear can be watched fishing for zations; in such cases the Forest Service lack of adequate appropriations. That salmon, 120,000 miles of riding and hik:. usually needs only to follow regular in­ is the shifting of responsibility onto the ing trails, cliff dwellings, wilderness spections with suggestions for improve­ shoulders of concessioners. Conces­ areas, buffalo herds, ice caves, medicinal ment. On the other hand, little is pro­ sioners have been allowed to operate springs, prehistoric ruins, volcanic lava vided for the sanitation and care of most of the larger and especially flows, old immigrant trails, Indian picto­ camp grounds in the so-called wilderness equipped campgrounds and picnic graphs, the last home of the giant Cali­ areas, with the result that too often they areas-the few locations in which a spe­ fornia condor, virgin timber, flows ·of -are neglected. The heaviest cost to the cial charge is made to users. Areas op­ mineral water, giant redwoods, deep Forest Service is in connection with the erated by concessioners help by relieving canyons, Pikes Peak, cypress swamps, more than 20 million people who use the Forest Service of the cost of clean­ palm fores ts, scenes of Indian massa­ the picnic and camping grounds. Yet up and maintenance at these areas, but cres, fantastic wind-and-water-worn the !i'orest Service in the latter instance it is only a partial solution. As I noted rocks, bayous screened with Spanish is able to spend only some 8 cents per earlier, the Service estimates that at moss, caves, beaches, fossil beds, ghost visit. most there are only 200 of the 4,700 im­ towns, ancient pueblo ruins, scenic The importance of the national forests proved campground and picnic areas lookout points, beaver colonies and their for the many forms of outdoor recrea­ that are large enough and improved to many dams, flower-filled Alpine mead­ tion is a fact created and recognized by sufficient degree to be profitably operated ows, tropical trees, orchids and tree the American public. as charge areas. The public fees at these ferns, huckleberries and mushrooms in In my State of Montana, the Forest charge areas now average 15 cents per profusion, and beautiful stands of all Service is able to spend only about $60,- person per day. In addition, of course, kinds of trees. 000 annually on recreation facilities. there are concessions for resorts, organ­ Just standing and looking at all those Only $60,000 for facilities that attracted izations camps, summer homes and win­ features would take several lifetimes. 1,311,000 persons during 1954. ter sports areas, all authorized by per­ But the list of what people do in the na­ Tourism is a great industry in Mon­ mit. The total annual revenue from tional forests includes much more than tana. It is estimated that tourists spend these limited charges is some $500,000. mere looking. Hiking, camping, fishing, $80 million a year in the State, making It is not being reinvested in forest recre­ hunting, picnicking-all come to mind vacations the State's third largest indus­ ation facilities, but is going directly into easily. Add to those such activities as try. the Federal Treasury. swimming, boating, mountain climbing, National forest recreation is impor­ Because the money available from all horseback riding, pack trips, photogra- tant from the standpoint of the economic sources simply hasn't been enough to 2756. CONGRESSIONAL REC9RD - HOUSE. February 16. where the revenue is plowed back_ in~o desirable only when so large a portion of the :meet present needs, much less keep up .available total funds · are earmarked that -. with the growing demand for more f 8; the·operation itself, there is a·sound basis legislation looses lts :flexibility and ability ,muties, the Forest Service has foun~ 1t for distinguishing that practice ·from to adjust for changing needs. necessary to close a µumber of recrea,t1on that of setting aside funds-out of general -areas.:·· ·At least, we· in -Montana have -revenue. The Kestnbaum repart also .r.e.com:­ -been fortunate. Thus far no national We have several precedents for ~his mended "that recreational -programs be · .forest ·recreation -- facilities -in Montana, Teinvestment of revenues. - . .formulated and carried out with full rec­ -have:been among-those closed because of The Migratory Bird stamp Act of 1934 ognition of· the fact that ,all levels of a · 1deterioratian and lack, of. sanitation. · allocates funds in this fashion. · · -Oov.ernment haye · re_sponsibility for - These recreati:On facilities, built in · The Pittman-Robertson Act of 1'9-37 --developing .and maintaining ·adequate large part by the CCC a,nd other and the Dingell-Johnson Act of 1950 pro­ facilities for recreational purposes, and emergency agencies 20 years ago, are vide for excise tax on sport, 'hunting and that these facilities be· administered with simply worn out. And seemingly no fishing equipment, and the funds. so col.;. adequate protection against the hazards .amount of persuasion can ·wrest the lected are administered by·the Fis~ a~d of fire, ,bad sanitation and undue traffic 'money needed for these facilities from Wildlife service under a Federal wildhf e ·.risk: Provision of-recreational opportu- our traditional appropriations p.rocess. · restoration program. :-nities has become·increasingly important Testifying before a Senate Subcom­ because of changes in conditions and Above all, for more than 40 year~ the!e :ways of life.· Our increasing population, mit on Appropriations in 1952, the For­ have been two such precedents right m -est Service administrators estimated urbanization, and mobility, and the ad­ the national forests themselves. vent of. the. shorter workweek .and paid that an immediate capital investment Ever since 1908,. 25 percent of a~l ·of $7,169,-000 was needed ?ro~ide sat­ :vacations have . ehanged tremendously to .:money received from the forests has the recreation habits and desires of the 'jsfactory facilities for sanitation anq. been reinvested in :public roads and 1>ublic safety and to ·rehabil-i~ate an e~­ .people. AH levels of government have a :SChools in counties in whic~ there are ·definite responsibility for providing ade­ sential public-use areas. They est1- nationai fores ts. . . . ,mated at that time that $17,135,000 was quate facilities for outdoor recreation." _And since 1913, 10 percent of all ~a­ · The.Second Hoover Commission's re­ needed to expa.nd the capacity of exist­ .tional forest receipts bave been rem~ ·ing recreation areas and to construct port on water resources.and power recog­ vested by the Forest Service for con­ nized the need for more funds for forest new areas to take care of the public over­ struction and maintenance of roads and load. The total capital investme~t recreation, noting that facilities in na­ trails within the forests. tional parks, monuments and forests are needed in.19·52 was mor~ than $24 mil­ I might note that the reinvestment for lion. They did not get the funds. overcrowded, that waterfowl numbers .recreation of .another 10 percent of the .and fishery res.ources are on the decline, Now 4 years and some 1-50 -mill~on x.eceipts or not more than $5,500,000 an­ visitor~ later, the ·:Forest Service-still be­ that there is a· critical present need ior •nually , as proposed in H ... R. 1823, will ,great outdoor recreational ·facilities for lieves that approximately $24 · million not re'duce the funds set aside in the would fill the capit'annve~tment_f:>ill, a.pd .both weekenders and vacationers; The above two acts. Hoever Report declared national recrea­ that $3~300,000 yearly would take care . Also it should be pointed out that in -0f current cleanup and ·· maintenance. •tion needs will be accelerated in the ,those two acts there-is no .Jimit on -the ,years just ahead because of 1ncreasing I believe ·that over the 0 course of sev­ amount that can be expended y~arly. _population, shorter work periods and ·eral years these needs could be met by The proposed $5,500,000 limit on recrea­ grea-ter· leisure. and advances in spend­ reinvesting a portion of the forest re­ tion facility expenditures in my bill is ceipts in these recreation facilities. For­ able income. one the Forest Service believes will be Fifty years ago when the Forest Sent­ est receipts in fiscal 1955 exceeded ex­ adequate fo.r current work and a reason­ penditures by some_ $18 million. The -ice came into being, it was directed to able amount of progress on the backlog operate. the national fore-sts with this profits went into the Treasury. of needed capital investments--and so goal: It is because of the failure after failure that limit on spending is provided in the which has been the lot of all attempts bill. This is no blank check. All land is to be devoted to its most -pro­ to increase the flow of appropriations ducti ve use for the permanent good of the Recently two special governmental whole people, and not for the temporary for forest recreation purposes that I in­ commissions-the Commission on In­ -benefit of individuals or companies; • • • troduced H. R. 1823. The purposes of tergovernmental Relations, known as the and where conflicting interests must be this bill should be familiar; hearings Kestnbaum Commission, and the Com­ reconciled the question will always ·be de­ were held on similar bills during both ·mission on Organization of the Execu­ cided . from the standpoint of the greatest the 81st and 82d Congresses, the Tackett ·tive Branch of the Government, known g_ood of the greatest number in the long run. bills, and during the 83d Congress, the as the Second Hoover Commission­ Baker bill. This is not a new proposal I believe that in keeping with this made comments of interest. statement of basic policy, our natio11al In the 81st Congress the bill was ob­ The Kestnbaum report recommended jected to on the Consent Calendar. In ·that the allocation of revenues for par­ forests must be enabled to meet the rec­ the 82d Congress it was tied up in the ticular purposes as done under the Pitt­ reational needs of millions of .Ameri­ Rules Committee. In the 83d Congress man-Robertson and Dingell-Johnson cans. I believe· that, in view of past ex­ it failed to receive consideration in the Acts be discontinued, but the Report periences, the only way to adequately Agriculture Committee because of the meet these needs is through passage of press of other legislation. , made no criticism of the allocation of revenues which have been made in the H. R. 1823. In business a continual reinvestment Most people do not like detours. I do of a portion of the profits is just plain case of the national forests for more than 40 years. - Further, in listing argu­ not like them; they usually are not , as good business. In government, however, well designed as the main highways; it brings forth objections from tourists ments against its recommendations, the co:rpmittee reported: .they may not stand up well under long who held that such detouring of the ap­ usage; they may take longer. to arrive propriation process is not provided on The Pittman-Robertson and Dingell­ at the destination. But they do arrive the map of government. I appreciate Johnson Acts have been supported strongly 'their concern for the purity of this by State and Federal wildlife and conserva­ there. And that has not been the case theory. But I ·also know of the crying tion organizations. • • • State fish and on the roadblocked main highway for need for increased funds for recreation game officials, almost without exception, forest recreation appro·priations. facilities in the forests. And I know of favor the present pattern of operation under H. R. 1823 is a detour. But it is not the continual failure to win necessary these acts. • • • The State conservation offi­ -the first detour that has been built. cials do not believe tha.t earmarking in itself Other such detours in connection· with appropriations. Detours are not shown is undesirable. Many cases of earmarking on the road maps, but they exist and commonly accepted, such as the a.ppor~ion­ the national forests are still standing up they serve a worthwhile purpose. ment of tax to schools, roads, township, well · after more :than 40 years of use. I believe that if the detour permits the county governments, have been in effect for Toe choice is clear. ..It is time, to open reinvestment of funds only in those cases. many years. • • • Earmarking becomes un- this detour for the American public. 1'956 CONG:RESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2757 Echo Park Deletion-Cleverest Stunt feasibility of the upper Colorado River creating. an artificial lake ·and adjoining' fa­ project. cilities within the bounds of this particular Since P. T. Barnum Invented the For instance, on January 18, 1954, national monument. It would not create a "Egress" Under Secretary of Interior Ralph A. · precedent for invasion of other parks. The precedent, if any, was created in 1938 when Tudor testified before the House Interior the boundaries were extended to the canyon . EXTENSION OF REMARKS Committee as follows: areas with a clear understanding that water OF Mr. TunoR. We think Echo Park is a neces­ conservation and power development had sary part ·of the project, yes, sir. prior right to the use of those areas. HON. CRAIG HOSMER Mr. ENGLE. You think it would be like tak­ Mrs. PFOST. 4 Mr. Commissioner, is Echo OF CALIFORNIA ing the engine out of the automobile, then? Park essential to the. economic feasibility of Mr. TUDoR. I might say it might be like the upper Colorado project? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~aking the pistons out. We feel definitely ' Mr. DEXHEIMER. Yes. Although, by elim­ Thursday, February 16, 1956 that the feasibility of the entite project ination of parts of the project, the economic would be placed in hazard if Echo Park were feasibility might be established for some­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, in the left out and some alternative substituted. thing :tess. But it would not be, we think, palmiest days of his great career as a the proper way to meet the ultimate or even showman, the incomparable P. T. Bar­ There is nothing in the world to pre­ the present needs. of the upper basin. num discovered the profits of his animal vent Congress from returning Echo Park Mr. DEXHEIMER.5 It (Echo Park) is e~sential shows were dwindling. The kind of Dam to the bill. If the bill can be passed in the upper reaches of the area, and without naive folk in his tent became so in­ without its "pistons," obviously it will it we would be unable to make the full devel­ trigued with the strange and wonderous not work, and the "pistons" will have to opment anticipated and would probably have animals on display they stayed on and be put into the engine. to leave out even some of the participating By withdrawing their opposition to projects which are 'recommended at the pres­ on to view them lingeringly. ent time, or some of the units in participating This, of course, produced long lines the bill, the conservationists are racing projects, and it would greatly decrease the waiting outside· for room to get in. It toward the egress. They are being financial feasibility of the overall plan. vastly discouraged additional cash cus­ lulled to sleep, and they will wake up Mr. E. 0. LARSON, regional director, region tomers, anxious, but for the long wait, some morning to find that Echo Parle . 4; Bureau of Recla'.mation.6 Here are the prin­ Dam is to be built in Dinosaur National cipal advantages of including Echo Parlt Dam to pour more admissions into the great and Reservoir in the Colorado storage project entrepreneur's coffers. Monument. The record before Congress is replete plan: In a stroke of wizardry, P. T. solved 1. With respect to storage capacity and the problem. He had a large sign painted with unqualified statements by Recla­ power generation, Echo Park would be second with a giant directional arrow pointing mation Bureau officials and others that in size to Glen Canyon in the reservoir sys­ in a.n appropriate direction with the bold Echo Park must be in the project or the tem planned for the upper basin. legend: "To the Egress." project will not work, cannot pay out, 2. Evaporation losses per acre-toot of water and would fail to provide the develop- stored in Echo Park would be less than any Trusting spectators unhesitantly fol­ ment desir~d. . other major storage site in the upper basin. lowed the arrow to view what they be­ 3. Construction of Echo Park Reservoir in lieved would be another exotic animal, Here are excerpts from that record: place of Dewey Reservoir, the best alternative possibly even a cross between an emu Mr. AANDAHL, Assistant Secretary of the outsid~. of a national monument, would save and a ·tigress. They soon found them­ Interior.1 With respect to the need for the an estimated 200,000 .acre-feet of evaporation Echo Park Reservoir, our recommendations losses annually, a significant quantity of selves on the cold side of the exit. remain unchanged. We still recommend water in the arid West. The temporary deletion of Echo Park ·the construction of the Echo Park Dam and. 4. Echo Park Reservoir, located Just below dam and power facilities from the pro­ Reservoir. t~e junction of the Green and the Yampa· posed upper Colorado River storage Mrs. PFOST. 2 In your opinion, are there Rivers, would be integrated with the up­ project is the c1everest stunt since P. T. other sites that would be as beneficial to the stream Flaming Gorge and Cross Mountain Barnum invented the "egress." project as Echo Park? Reservoirs in- regulating the flows of the The supporters of the gigantic upper Mr. AANDAHL. No; I think Echo Park is way rivers, that is, , when they are constructed. Colorado River project admit that in its out ahead-- In addition, . 1: would contribute materially present form it is "an engine without Mrs. PFOST. There is no other substitute? to the feasibillty of reservoirs at Split Moun­ Mr. AANDAHL. It is way out ahead of ·a1ter­ ·tain and Grey Canyon sites downstream on pistons." nates that might be proposed. the Green River. This is why Under Secre­ Yet· they -are asking Congress to pass Mr. w. A. DEXHEIMER, Commissioner, Bu­ tary Tudor ·mentioned that Echo Park was this incredible bill, and force the Na­ .reau of Reclamation.3 The proposed use of the wheelhorse in the upper basin. tion's taxpayers to suffer a loss -0f more the canyon sections of the Dinosaur National 5. Th~ use of the Echo Park site is the key than $4 billion. Monument for water and power develop­ .to the economical development of the upper ments was contemplated long before the .end of the upper Colorado River Basin. The The "pistons" of the upper Colorado site is strategically located with respect to ·project was Echo Park Dam. Conserva­ original 80-acre area was enlarged to its present size of over 200,000 acres in 1938. A -upstream power markets of the proposed sys­ tionists throughout the country fought number of power-site withdrawals prior . to ·tem. of dams and powerplants and the basin's Echo Park Dam because it would :flood a that year are evidence of this fact. Recog­ many resources awaiting developmen.t, such part of Dinosaur National Monument. nition of the importance of these potential as phosphate rock for fertilizer, chemicals, Facing certain defeat, the bill's sup­ power developments was given in the Presi­ oil shale, coal, natural sodium carbonate, and porters :finally informed the conserva­ dent.'s proclamation enlarging the 80-acre many other important minerals. Mr.. SISK. Could I ask you this question tionists that Echo- Park Dam would be monument. The supervision of the area by the National Park Service under this procla­ Mr. Merriell: Do you. feel that Echo Park taken out. The conservationists ac­ mation was not to affect the operation of the represents a more important feature of this cepted this promise and withdrew their . Federal Water Power Act of June 10, 1920, as ·project, let us sa:y, than Glen canyon, as­ opposition . . amended, and adlllinistration of the monu­ suming that only a portion of the project It is apparent from the record that the ment was subject to the reclamation with­ could be built? conservationists have walked ·into a trap. drawal of October 17, 1904. Mr. FRANK C. MERRIELL, Chief Engineer Of ­ Although Echo Park. may have been The plan before you for coordinating the t~e ~olorado River Water Conservation Dis­ development of the water and powel" re­ trict.7 In some ways it does. In the first deleted temporarily from the bill at place, where this project will sell power, hand, it can no more be taken from the . sources of Green and Yampa River Canyons along with their scenic and recreation values the first places are in the vicinity of Salt project than can history be abolished by , 1_s therefore conaistent with the language and Lake and of Denver, and the most direct destroying the pages on which it is writ­ spirit of the proclamation. The Department transmission that can be devised in the proj­ ten. If this Congress passes any bill, it has no doubts as to the appropriateness of ect is from Echo Park to each of those places. simply means that Eeho Park must be Now, that is the principal reason, and there authorized later to help salvage the tax- Part I payers' investment. · · 'Dexheimer, W. A., March 9, 1955, p. 174. 1 Aandahl, Hon:. Fred G., March 9, 1955, p, The Department of the Interior, the 15 Dexheimer, W. A., March 10, 1955, p. 193. 82. • Larson, E. 0., March 10, 1955, pp. 193-194. Bureau of Reclamation, and numerous 2 Aandahl, Hon. Fred G., March 9, 1955, p. · individuals have testified repeatedly that as. Part II Echo Park Dam is absolutely vita-! to the • Dexheimer,. w. A., March 9, 1955, p. 61. ' Merriell, Frank. C., March 11. 1966, p. 471. 2758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· HOUS~ -February 16

· are other collateral reasons. . ;Thel'e ls a. .pos- . MILWARD L. SI~PSoN, Governor of W,y-· national park system and would forever mar sibility .of. a very great industrial use right oming.~ Echo and Glen Canyon Dams ,are the natural beauty of the area. The record close to Echo Park in the phosphate beds, of vital elements in the development of the up- wm show that the original monument ere­ the Uinta Mountains, and other possibilities ~r basin States. ated by President Wilson consisted of 80 in the Uinta Mountains, in the Grand Valley. H. T. PERSON, dean of engineering, Uni- acres which would not .include Echo Park 18 in industrial use, whereas Glen Canyon is versity of Wyoming; Laramie,' Wyo. • In an:d when President Roosevelt expanded the a long ways from there. , . · regard to Echo Park. J;teservoir-this unit is monument by .Executive. order in :1938, that BRIANT H. STRINGHAM, V.ernal, Utah.8 •0p- one of the very important u~its in the team, ·he provided that expansion .of the monu.. ponents of · the. project, most of whom are of storage units necessary for the fullest ment should· not bar the building of power, well-intentioned citizens,. base their chief development of the water resources of the projects. In other words, the Echo Park site argument on the false premis~ that the upper basin. Its strategic location bel9w the h,as never been.part of the national park sys­ building of Echo Park dam within the Dino- confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers, tern. The mere fact that it was called a park saur National Monument will set a precedent its low-evaporation losses and its contribu- did not make· it a national park. · It is also for the commercial invasion of all parks and tion to maximum power production makes contended .that development of the·water re­ monumen'.ts, ·'l'his argume'.nt-is.nbt based.on ., it an essential unit-in t:t;ie upper basin de~ ..sources of the' upper Colorado'and the Echo facts' as the follo'wing ·omctal doci:i.~ents will velopment. The grandeur, the spiritual and ·Park·-site. would impait it as a recreational show. These· instruments ·also ·prove, that it esthetic values of the -canyons of the Echo center and that in some way it would dis':' ·1. ~"'· was definitely understood:. by officials , and . Dam site are acknowledged; The' Echo Pe,rk rupt the Dinosaur Monument. Geography 1 the people at. the. time .the. :r;nonument . was , Reservoir will not destroy'these values .. Ecl;lo .incj.icates that the bones of the dinosaurs, if ~ ., , , .. enlarged that power and reclamation .projects . Park will eliminate some sections Of river any, ·WOU}d not be disturbed because the , were to be constructed inside the monument rapids-but there are hundreds of miles of tl.inosaur graveyard .is down the r-iver from at some future' time, arid that the area river rapids in the vast areas of the upper the Echo Park site. Impounding water would be subject to several other_. existing Colorado River Basin. Echo Park Reservoir behind the Echo Park would not submerge rights. · will make the recreational values of this vast a single dinosaur bone. On the contrary the On June 10, 1920, the Federal Water Power area available to hundreds of thousands· of . proponents of the project tell us that the Act was passed creating' the Federal Power people every year-rather than to just those creation of a huge lake -behind the Echo Park Commission. .This Commission was , given few hundred daredevil river runners who would enhance the recreational opportunities authority to grant licenses to construct dams now .have that opportunity. Echo Park Res- and tl?,a.t roads w.ould be built into the area in national monumen,ts :according . to the ervoir is in the Dinosaur National Mom.:i- so that ~l:l,ny,more thousands of people could opinion given by Councilor Abbott repre- ment. However, the evidence is documented enjoy recreational activities, whereas at the senting the House Subcommittee on ~ecla- and clear, that· the people of the area were · present "time, the area is relatively inacces­ mation and Irrigation. However, · on March given assurance in 1938 when Dinosaur sible.' : 3, 1921, the Congress amended the Federal Monument was extended to include the Echo ' Hon. · ARTHUR V. WA'l'kINS, a United ·States

Water Power Act taking from the 1P.ower Park area, that establishment of. the exten-. ·Senator'from the State' of Utah.11 This puts Commission and giving to the Congress au- ·sive monument, would not · interfere .with . the shoe on the other foot. It is not a na­ thority to grant licenses to construct dams the use of the area for grazing, or with the tional monument that is being invaded-it is within parks and mo.numents, but in doing development of the water resources of the a matter of some misled or misinformed con- !50, the Congress.. adde~ these significant area. · ' · servationists who are trying to urge that amendments: "As now cons.tituted or exist- G. E. UNTERMANN, director, Utah Field . Uncle Sam violate his integrity antl•treat· as 1ng.". Thu·s leaving the authority in, the , ]rouse . pf Natural, History, .,''(;ernal, Uta.h.u :· piere:sfr~ps of p~per 'solemn reser.vati<;m~ iri ' . , ; ,,, t "/ ·~ F~tJep:il Po'\Vei-·,'cofi:1misiton 'to; grant' '.11.censes· .Muell: of the qppqsition ~of rabid consena- · tb'.e pubnc interest in the Dinosaur Monu~ , V • t .for · cohstruction · pf power dams · in newly tion groups to ; a proposed dam in Dinosaur men t area that precede the limited moriu.:. · created mon:tinients· such. as Dinosaur. ' Pres:. National Monument is ' baseless · and un- ·. ment proclamation by 17 tb 34 years: It m-. ident ;Roosevelt r~cogn~ze~ this fac~ in his :realistic. . behooves honest conservationists to take · PfOClamation e.nlarging ~h,e:.mon~m~nt; '· HERBERT F. SMART, ~alt Lakt;l City, .Utah.111 such ,an untenable position, because· we who 1\fi'.. ' GEORGE D. CLYDE., , com.tnissioner- ·.of · Conservationists .opposed 'to the ~ohstructio:n lovti our parks and monuments should strive ·, 'interstate sheaths for Utah.9 ' :Mor'. Ch'airman, of this dam say there Js a principle involved. to. preserve as hon~rable and legal 'COillJl!it­ I think the Echo Park Dam is absolutely Yet actually the only principle involved is ments th~ reservations of public ·lands for necessary to this .pro1ect.. The Echo Bark one of the integrity of the Government and ·· such a ·noble arid worthy use as parks and Dam, in my ppinion, occupies the same posi- the people, including conservationists, in monuments. Therefore, how can we, iri-the tion that I would, for example. I am pretty keeping promises and assuran~es, an~ same .breath, ask that equally binding and good with ~Qth arms and both legs. _You can abiding by conditions incid~~t to the· e~- - legal reserva'\;ions for water development, be cut one arm off and I can still live, and you largement of the Dinosaur National. Monu- invaded, especiaI1y when the monument can cut tv.:9 . arm!! off and I can still ' live, II?-ent . . The question of the inviolab!lity·.of_ .. Proclamation ' itself recognizes and exempts and you can· cut b9th legs off and I can still a national mo:nument . is not at issue here. from the Dinosaur Monument ·1antl reserva- live, hut I . am not ml.}Ch good. And Echo The question of the inviolability of promises· tlon these previous witJ;ldrawals for water •Park· dam is ari essential unit in this thing incident to the enlargement. of the bound- resource development? because it ts · a .basin wide .project, and it aries is inv9lved. The integrity of .. our . na- · must be considered in terms. of the series pf tional party system is predicated upo.n good , . ·• n}fn;x '!0 Ql!OTED .STATEMENTS .. storage 4a:r;n~. their operatio,n to provid!;l for faith, and conservationis,ts interested in pre:. ..· C<:Jlorado . River . storage projec_t: Hearings water for consumptive use, provide the serving the inviolability· of o:ur ria:~ional _p?,r.k .. before the Subcpmmittee on Irr~gat~on and - water to ·meet . the obliga.tion ·.to .the lower system should be the 'first to recogntze Reclamation· of the Committee on Interior ba~in, and ·to provj~~ for ·power generation. and, in good faith; insist 'tipon ·compliance .and lnsular Affairs, House of Representatives, All of those t~~ee ~re , inextricably tied to- ·with the conditions under which 'the -Dino.. 84th Congress, 1st session, on .H. R. 210, H. R .. . getl,ler. ,. . . . . _ ." saur Mounment boundaries .were ,extended;. · 2836, H. R. 3383, .H.· R. 3384, and- H. R. 44~8. ... , ~ ''~. Dixo~ ?0 -Y~rµ . concur,. .11;\ 111& te~tlm9py ·, :naJ*1elr, . su9j~~t ' tb . powel' .~n.d :, r·e~l~matiun ; ., t~--~utho,-ize t~~ ,S~c\:~~ary :o:rt:tie ;In~er,t~·~ . i, t 'that · t~ere _is fl? substitu~e. eq~.a.I, to Echp ' ,with~r,awals . .. - " J. J. • .• •• : . ' • ·,-. ··.- • ~onstru9t;. op~z:ate;,.aJ:?.d_ m,aintai11; .the Colo::- _ J>ar~ a& a da.m sit~. ·, · . . 'Fo many of u·s who. have~been a part of , · r.ado ~iver .storage' project and .participa;ting. : Mr. CL'l'D~ ..., Yes, sj.r; l'. a~ cqnvinced)n :my'1: ,t:qe. conservati~n movement Jn t);le Wes:t. ~~;~ p~ojects;, ail~ ·~(?I'. _' Ottj.¢r.: purpq~es, . . . ·tndepende11t analysis ~ 'w¢11 as ·. revj,ew '()f · .are at a loss to undetstand:· the motives . of ·. , ·. · · · · · · ' ..1 " ' • .• " ·, • ·many, man:Y ., r~po~ts., that-° there is ·1,10 sub- ! ,cons~rvationists ·:, opp<>strig .' a pi:oject· w~ioh ,. · · . , ; · · _. ..;;;...;;...... ______stitute for. Ec'qci.Pai:k: / :_ - · · ·., · ; , • , . ;w. .Hl re.suit in .su~~-a ma,terial ·.gain .to ~on-: , •. . , . , , . : IJ;qn. JopEP~ icC: Q'~/.HqNiY, a l!ni_t~d.~.ta,.~s . servatl~ .objectiv~· ll.nd , p!i.~(liples, in, the . . :. i.it,h~aDiaD Jndepend~DC·e ·,:: .Senator from tl?,e .state.. of Wyomin~.11 So I ·~est tradition of Ciifford Pinc~ot,--the passage - say w~thout any hesitation or equiyocation . of tht:: Colorado River storage project will .)hat t:qe creation .of the expan~ed Dinosa-qr ·n1ean the greatest good to the greatest num-: EXTENSION.OF REMARKS ·:t,,1at1onal Monument in 1938 on tne ·1~th. of ber fo~ the longest pe_riod o;.ttn:ie: . ·, .· · ', · OF . · "July had nothing to d0,Wit}l the ,preservation ' ANGUS ·MCDONALD, legislative assistant, Na- · · 16 of any,,historicai .- site OJ! the preservation of · tion:al• Farmers Union. . Sites other 'than c ~ HON·. HAROLD D. DONOHUE .. any scient.ifl.c area~ . On the con,tr.a~y, :1t '?/aS those recommended by the Department of OF MASSACHUSETI'S an attempt. to.. use·. for scientific_. P;Urposes, , Interior ~ave been suggested because it was ·for -development purposes·, water that had . contended that the building of. a dam-at the ·. 'N THE JJOUSE,.' OF REPRESENTATIVES . previously been recognized as one of the· best Echo Park site would be an 1:g._va.!llQJl _Of :t};}e · · , Thursda,y,,February 16, 1956 sources of waterpower in the United St-ates. Mr: ' D<;)NOHUE. : M:r,-. Speak~r. last 12 Simpson; Milward L., March 16, 1955, p. ,. Saturday, February 11; 1956, the Worces­ .• 8 Stringham, Briant H., March 14, 1955, pp. 619. . . . 551-552.' - ·...... ·' . ' .- ~Lithuanian : 1.8 .Person, H. T.,.March. 1.6, .~955, p. 623. : ter, . Mass.; organizations 8 Clyde, George D.~ March 14, 1955, p. 559. u Untermann, G. E., March 16, ,1955, p. 650 • ceiebra_teci Lithuanian Independence Day . . 1° Clyde; George n :, ·March 14, 1955, p. 571. 115 Siha,rt; Herbert F., March ·16; 1955, ·pp...... , ...... _ . , . • 11 O'MAHONEY, Hon. .JOSEPH · c;; March · 1a, ·683~684: , , ' · _ . ' ,, -; ·t ·, • • ·, • : ' . 17 WATKINS, Hon, ARTHUR v., March 16; 1955, ' 19'55, p. 615. . ' · ' ' ' ' 10 McDonald, An:gus, March 16, 1'955, p. 703, ·-..,. p. '706: · ' · · · ' ,; · ·,.. . ., .·. ·. · ' ... · 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 2759 with ari approp.riate program held at the north rndla, orie o! the· trtbes belonging to . < As you are all aware, 38 years ago Llthu.. Lithuanian Naturalization Hall at 12 the Aryan group o1 thousands of years ago. anta made k:nown-to' the world that it was arr Vernon Street. · The settlement of Lithuanians in Europe independent nation, exercising the right of was on the rolling plains alqng the shores self-government· and serf-determination.; · The program was sponsored by · the of the Baltic Sea, a land of rich and: fertile T.his declaration of Lithuanian independence Lithuanian .Aid Association. · Among the earth, heavily forested, and With Wide rivers was one> o! the great milestones .1n the his­ other societies taking par.t in the cere­ and many :rakes. · In modern times, it is de-· tory of a liberty-loving people whose struggle mo:r:iy ~were the Lithuanian Community ~cribed as a- heart-shaped land of 33,000 for self-government continued over cen- of Aiherica, Worcester branch; the Lith­ square miles, lyi:ng between Russia and Ger­ turies. · · ' uanian Naturalization and Social Club; m.any, like· a walnut in the jaws of a nut­ From the 16th century on, Lithuania was Lithuanian National League of Americ,a; cracker. almost' in a constant battle against aggressive Lithuanian .women's Club, Lithuanian . From 1500 B. C. to this year of A. D. 1956 neighbors, but never gave up.hope to preserve Alliance of America-, Branch 57; St. Casi­ the Lithuanians· ha:ve been a vital force for the Uthuaian tradition for freedom. Dur­ freedom in Europe and their descendants ing 120 years of Russian domination, no less mir's; St. George's; st. Ludwig's .and now numbering 9ver a million who came to than five distinct major revolts took' place Birute societies; Lithuanian Aged Aid the United St ates of America have in this ~n Lithuania. Back in the early lBOO's, Czar Soeiety and the Lithuanian National So­ land of ours been a vital force for freedom. Nicholas the First invoked a l'lweeping policy ciety of America. : When Tartar hordes swept out of the Kast, to RussUy Lithuania. Repressi ve measures Mr. Vincent Macys was general chair­ their · objective being the overwhelming of were taken against all forms of Lithuanian man,· assisted by Michael Zemaitaitis, Europe, the Lithuanians rallied to beat back culture~ literature, language, schools, reli• vice chairman;. Leonard Kacinskas, sec­ the invaders. When to the West the Huns g!on, and governmental offices. retary; John Dvareckas, treasurer; John jl.nd other Germanic tribes came w ith fresh In 1863 and 1864, another revolt.took place threats, again. the Lithuanian people rallied which failed after a struggle o! 18 months. . Pipiras, financial secretary; Miss Anna ~nd beat ba.ck the in..vaqing hordes. . Another revolution in 1905 brought fresh Taraila, assistant secretary; and John In the first centuries after the birth of hopes for· independence, but failed. Paiubeckas, master of ceremonies. Christ the worship of the Lithuanians was · During World War I, the German armies In connection with the celebration, I that of a pagan mythology. Perkunas was overran the country and remained there un­ have been asked to include the addresses the god of thunder and H ghtning, Zeminin­ til · the end of the war. During this time, delivered by myself and a most promi­ kas the god ct earth, and Viehpate the god uprisings; negotiations, a,nd minor rebellions nent Lithuanian American, Anthony ·J. of life. T h en came Christi:anity. One of the did not cease. · first of a long line of powerful Lithuanian On February 16, 19-18, the.Lithuanian Na­ Mifler, Esq., over radio station WNEB in t!o_nal Council un!!,nimous!y adopted a de­ Worcester, Mass., . ieaders was King Mindaugas, who succeeded in gathering .th~ other Lithuanian dukes un­ claration ea:ning · for the reestablishment · of The addresses follow: an independent Lithuania on a democratic 0 der his banner and who 700 years ago was LrrHUANIAN ' INDEPENDENCE DAY ADDRESS _DE- crowned King of Lithuania. For three cen­ basis, with Vilna as the capital ~nd the sev­ . LIVEREif BY ANTHONY. J. MILLER, ESQ. turies the unconquerable legions of Lithu­ erance of. aJl political ties which linked it ania held the balance of power i:n Eastern with other nations. This·declaration became As an American citizen of Lithuanian de­ Lithuania's proclamation of independence. scent, I am proud and privileged tp join in Europe. The word of the Lithuanian was law through much of what. is now Poland and After the. evacuation o! Lithuania by· Ger- this-_program commemorating · t~e founding . many in November and Deceml;>er 1918, RuS"­ 6f the Republic o! l.iithuania. Permany and beyond Moscow in Russia. In 1572 the Polish throne was giyel'.): up anct sian troops arrived at the border of Lithu­ . This annual ceremony is ,dear to th.e hearts ·ania and again made an effor:t to subjugate of all Lttliuaniari-Atnericans because it is in 1795 the country was overwhelmed by the ~egions of Russia. There followed the tide of 'the nation. The last battle with: the Reci. held to recolleet that da y of Fe0ruary 16, army -was fought late in 1919 whicll cul­ 1918, which marked the end . of well over a diplomatic intrigue, the Napoleonic wars, and the oppression of the czars. AI~a.ys did minated fn a peace treaty signed July 12. century of suffering under a hostile, foreign 1920. rule. Lithuania. on .that day, stood forth as the Lithuanians refuse to accept · their eonquerors. On Septemher 22, 1921, Lithuania was an independent, democrat ic republic. Tp.ere admitted to the - League of Nations, thus was cause for rejoicing and the- future was Three times in the 19th ·century they rose Lithuania. became a full member of the in­ !aced with confidence. . · :and revolt~d against. overwhelming odds. ternational· powers. · The permammt -consti­ ·This is the· 38th anniversary of 't;he in,­ Again at the dawning of the 20tb. century tution was adopted August 1, 1922. · It was dependence of J.ithuania.· :What did the .they revolted, their spirit still beyond the an instrument which followed the blueprint -Lithuanians accomplish during the brief pe­ power of tyranny to crush. Loyal f:reedom­ of western democracy-. Tne· state of Lithu­ riod in which they · were their ow.n masters loving . Lithuanians were torn from their ania was an independent democratic re­ and .the Government of Lithuania was or, homes and thrown in .the hellholes of srneria, public;' the· people· were accorcfef ,Li-thuania. ·- N.o people in .~11 the passes brings your blessed country closer to -By reason of typieal and well-known Com- historf bf· the"' World ever matte '8. reM'rd sur­ inevitable independence. We shall not fail ·munist duplicity and treachery, every one passing that of .the people, of Lithuania when you and ·wm work and pray together with ·o:i; these agreements was discarded and nulli­ Lithuania was free. . '}'ou m~~il ·y9~ Ilbe.r~y is accomp~ished." · ·:fled by Russia when they saw the opportu­ There is . something in - the . Lithuanian ·nity was ripe to enslave the Lithuanian peo- blood }t~!t , Wifl :not tolefate ihjustice and ple. · · · ·. •. - · .·. that can withstan<1 the µios:t s;wage i11roads LrrHUANIAN !NDEPENDENC~ DA~ ADDRESS - The long · and disnial · record of the mass of ty}'amiy. The .source of the spirit of free- · · DELIVERED BY UNITED STATES REPRESENTA­ liquidations. prison incarcerations 8Jld to:r­ dam that 1s in -"the· Ltthuaniarl people goes TIVE HAROLD - I>. 'DONOHUE, OF MASSA.CHU• . tures. brutally infliqtec_l by the s,ovtets u pan ~ba<:k- many; many-years. It· w.as l;500 years SETTS . the brave and liberty-loving people , of befor<» ;;;the .. bir.th.:.:oL -Chl'istLt li'.a.t · the ,Lith~ <~· ~s;': y9~/ -Re.pr~se'itatfve . I~ , th~~ Ul)Jted Litbuania wo1,1ld take- how:;s .to r.~<.ite.: It is uanians came to settle themselves in Europe. States Congress,. I am, honored-to tak-e .part a.: blaC:k .P?,ge .ot wru:'tfhistorY.· vividly reveaI­ .. J;t is said .tp.at th.e.qrigi,n . Qf• .:tl;le, Lit:p.ua-nian ' in these exercises commemorating t;he 38th ·_1ng the barba~c tyranny tha~ godJ~_ss _Com­ race 1s lost in the mists of' time. Probab_ly ~niversary of the declaration of Lithuanian ' munist dictators imposed upon innocent hu-· it came from the Himalayan Mountains of 'independence: · · · . · man beings. · 2760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-, HOUSE;. February 16. . This. terrible.and frightening record.is ac­ tion that this country might better its ation for the Study of Negro Life and curately drawn up in _the final .summary re­ own national huma,n relations and re .. ;History must pursue its course as one role port of the Congression1:1,l Committee _To In­ tain its stature in world opinion. Its in the minority group battle for life, lib­ vestigate . Communist Aggression published on December 31, 1954. The basic findings, yearly observance·of Negro History Week erty, and opportunity .to pursue. happi­ conclusions: and_recommendati~ms outlined is a reminder to American people who ness. The objec~ive is, . as stated, "not in that report should awaken the conscious­ rightly do say that' education is an aid merely to emphasize Negro history. but ness of all still free peoples throughou:t the in the solution of racial problems, that rather the history of the world void of world to the danger and intent of the Com­ such informa,tion is and has been ·avail­ national bias, rac~ hate, and religious munist conspiracy. able ·over the years. It has been pro­ prejudice." · In view of the pronounce­ It is, indeed, a solemn warning of the duced by 31 years of research, document­ ments on the role that truthful educa­ c,;uel treatment any nation and people fall­ ing of information from legislative rec-. tion can play in the -solution to internal ing under the dom\nation of the Kremlin iron heel will receive. · · · ' . ords, newspapers, our Nation's archives, con~ict, it is time that our legislators, That is why we_as your fellow Americ!l,ns and from numerous other accepted, educators, and citizens questioned the and this Government, in our, own interest, legitimate sources of historical fact. reason for almost complete silence in the cannot and should. not relax our effort s of This was a, purpose which the associa­ textbooks used in schools and universities assistance to Li.thuania, .and ali other en-. tion assumed .because the facts, although of this Nation on the subject of the role slaved nations under Communist domina­ always a matter of historical record·, re­ of· Negro citizens 'in the devel-opment of tion, in regaining' their rightful freedom. mained unassembled and · undissemi­ America to its present position of world The attitude of the United States Govern- . ment in regard · to the present stlttus of nated. leadership in cultural and material as­ Lithuania is, of course, universally known. During the year since the last obser­ pects. Outside of the fact that there was The United States has never sanctioned the vation; progress in human relations has an era of slavery of Negro people within forced incorporation of Lithuania, with been gravely jeopardized in certain areas this Nation, there is an appalling lack Latvia and Estonia, into the Soviet Union of our Nation and this state of affairs · of information concerning the participa­ 'and still continues to recognize them as has resulted in severe internal conflict. . tion of Negroes in the life of our Nation sovereign states. Many other free democ­ In view of this situation, National Negro and how they served the Nation in the cracies also regard the . Baltic nations as being deprived of their independence by an History Week ought to have a special Halls of Congress as far back as the act of aggression having neither legal nor concern to every Member of the liberal . 1~60's, and in the halls .of justice, in , moral justiflca:tion. . bloc of Congress as we face issues which equcat.ion, medicine, arts, and every However, nonsanction is not enough . . We concern principles of democracy as they other. field of endeavor, and given their must be increasingly _insistent in demand­ are applied to American minority groups. lives in this country's battles throughout ing that the Soviet leaders restore the liberty The theme of the national observance the centuries of its progress. of Lithuania and the other oppressed coun­ for 1956, Negro HistQry in an Era of National Negro History Week· is not a tries as proof of their declared intention to cooperate for peace in the world. There can Changing Human Relations, describes weak gesture for short-lived acclaim, but n:_e-yer qe any true and lasting peace. i~ a with accurateness the major issue which· a reminder to Americans, as the asso­ world that is hal:fl slave ,and half free. The faces .the legislators,. po_litical aspirants,. ciation its~lf points out ·in the following conscience of. ;the still free wor,ld ;will never· the present administration and the citi­ .quotation by Dr. ,tq_hn Hope Franklin, .be clear until Lithuania has regained her zens of this Nation-changing human world historian, that "The strength of freedom and let us reo,edicate ourselves to­ relations. When, .bY way of example, this Nation lies in the diversity of its night to that o):ljective,, pr~yi~g t~at it be the New York Times newspaper includes c·u1tural heritage as well as-in its politi­ God's will to occur i,n _t_he near futur~. ~ . in 1 issue at least 9 news reports or cal unfty and military might. No other . articles upon issues qf civil rights, we nation ·can boast of such remarkable as­ are forced to concede that human rela­ similation of peoples of differing cultural tions are of serious national concern, and ethnic ·b11ckgjounds, all contributing National N·egro ·History Week that changes are in demand and cannot to the richness and the strength of the be ignored or deflected until some unde­ ·whole. The dramatic and significant termined time. Yet in reading our cur­ story of the Negro is one of the prime EXTENSION OF REMARKS rent daily news accounts, we know that ·examples of what the strength of this OF · too many legislators and leaders in gov­ Nation is and what it" may become as it HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. ernment try to convince themselves and moves into a new era in human rela- OF MICHIGAN hide from the rest of the world the fact· tions." ' . that in this country, desjgnated the land I would add only. that it is these con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of freedom and opportunity, discrimi- tributions by the various racial groups of . ·Thursda.Y, Febru:a7:y 16, 1956 . nation, segregation, and injustices are Americans which gained for our Nation Mr. DIGGS. · Mr. Speaker, I would inflicted against a large, even though its place of respect. .A judgment is not like to reca,ll for my distinguished col­ minority, portion of the American citi­ ·unchanging and the world which made leagues some remarks which I made last zenry and have no other reason for their the judgment of America watches us in • year at, just aboµt this time. We_were imposition except race or creed. Al­ O\J,r human relations. Our world status, then, as now, observing National Negro :tp.ough there are attempts not to admit _if it is to remain unchanged, calls for History Week. At that time interna­ these injustices or to minimize them, our meeting the problems in human re­ tional: strife had centered our national -modern means· of communication makes lations which do exist and taking for·ce­ ·concern upon the necessity for develop·­ 'these efforts futile and ridiculous. Un­ ·ful, effective action to· erase them. Use ing strong unity between ourselves and doubtedly· to ease the conscience and of the means to proper·education regard­ other peoples of· the world who share a justify these imbalances between de­ -ing the Negro is ·one step in the right di­ basic faith in democratic principles. We ·clared concepts and practice of democ­ 'rection. were using every means at our disposal racy, as a long established custom the to present the American case to the ·history of the contributions of the Negro world in an effort to assure all people to the welfare and progress of this Bob Sikes: A Great Friend of Forestry that American belief and practices up­ Nation has been painstakin$'1Y omitted holds the concept of equality of men in from the ordinary textb9oks and other educational tools with which our school EXTENSION OF REMARKS matters of justice and opportunity. I OF felt impelled at that time to point out the .and university students, interest groups, ·significance of the program of the Asso­ and interested individuals of all age HON. Q. R. (BI_LLY) MATTHEW.S ciation for the Study of Negro Life and groups are familiar. OF FLORIDA c, · Negro citizens have no wish to be· set History of the cultural Heritage and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·Contributions of the Negro Race to So­ aside and designated as a special group, ciety. It was pointed out tha,t through even in their contributions to the society -. , Thursday, Febr.uary 16, 1956 the daily continuation of its program, to which they belong, but until an honor­ Mr. MATT.HEWS. Mr. Speaker, I am the Association's purpose is to give ·able and democratic victory· has been ·very proud of the _developmen~ ot the :America the opportunity to combat the won in human rights and the history of ,forestry industry in the State of Florida, _evils of prejudice and fear which are the the Negro is admitted-.and given its fac­ .and in particular in the Eighth District of results of miseducation and noneduca- tual place in world history, the Associ'- ·Florida which I have the honor to repre- 1956 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD·-· HOUSE 276f sent. One of the most devoted friends of as old: Let me give you an example: Two uniformity of programs arid·· to guarantee our great fores try program is the dean of centuries ago in this area. longleaf pine was that• the ·national interest is protected:· of our Florida delegation, the Honorable cut and charred slowly to make pitch. The In the field of private forest management pitch was collected by the crude method of I am sure the ·south is leading the Nation BoB SIKES, who so capably represents the <:).raining it into.· a . pit dug in the earth. and that in no other part of this Nation Third District!of l<'lorida. This last year Fifty years ago longleaf pine was chipped or wnr you see ,as much timber marked for Congressman SIKES made a number of hacked and the gum collected in a box selective cutting, as much thinning and talks'on forestry throughout our State. chopped into the base of th~ tree. Then, in timber stand improvement work, and as He made a splendid address at a meeting addition to tar, we produced turpentine and much general private forest management ac­ at the research station at Olustee in my rosin. Now with modern · conservation tivity anywhere as in the South. The only district. I am pleased to include fo·r the methods of working the trees, using bark dark cloud in this bright picture is that chipping, acid and spiral · gutters and re­ most· of · this fine forestry ls on the large RECORD another great addres~ he made movable double-headed nails which do not holdings while the small landowner isn't for the annual meeting of the American damage the tree, · we are producing high keeping up. In fact, I believe the small Forestry Assoeia~ion at Jacksonville, last quality gum or oleoresin which is being used woodlands are deteriorating. The small October. Congressman SIKES' address in a great number of products-medicines, woodland owner ·rarely is getting the tech­ fqllows: · · · · paints, linoleum, paper and even as lubri• nical help he ne.eds to put his woods under good management. All of the large tim­ A REPORT ON F_'ORESTRY PROGRESS I~ T¥E SOUTH cants needed by jet airplanes. · Certainly we are making· great strides in ber companies have staffs of able foresters (By Hon. ROBERT L. F. SIKES, of-Florida) . our forest products in,dustries. Since World working on company lands and most of them Ladies and gentlemen, I am ·happy towel­ War II the South has experienced an in­ will help the neighboring· ·small woodland come you to Jacksonville, Fla., and to the dustrial expansion never dreamed possible. owners. In fact, I am told that some 150 South. I hope you will enjoy and profit by Industrial capacity for paper making has conservation foresters employed by industry every minute of.your stay here: I hope you doubled. I know that some ·people in the are helping small woodland owners and co­ will see the South ·and its forestry opp·ortuni­ South and the Nation had their misgivings ordinating their services with the 112 farm ties and problems not as a casual visitor but about this great paper company ·expansion. foresters that are on the States' payrolls as a careful observer and that you will t ake For example, when one big company wanted working under the State-Federal partner­ back with you an understanding of what the to expand its ·plant in my district 3 years ship set up by the Cooperative Forest Man­ South is achieving. ago, I was consulted and I deliberated for agement Act of 1950. But that's a mere ad­ A few years ago one of our great pulp a·nd a long time due to the high timber drain vance cadre of what is needed if we are paper corporations, the International Paper within a reasonable length of time to help estimates. I checked with company officials the 2 million small woodland owners of Co., issued a remarkable annual report calied ·and foresters. We studied forest survey re­ the South who own 157 million acres. A Report to the People of. the South. It ports. Based . largely upon the company's illustrated how ·the prosperity of the people In research we are moving ahead slowly plans for sustained forestry my advice was and painstakingly. Scientists are working was· dependent upon forestry progress being to encourage tb'.e expanf?ion. The . forestry made on the company's lands. I am sure that diligently to find new uses for forest prod­ ·plans are being carried out and I feel that ucts and new ways to grow more anct-better company- would not object if I copied their I can report that my decision-has been fully trees. Some land which once grew majestic expression of good public relations and ex­ justified as the wisest course of action. panded ·their · idea in a report to you. So, longleaf pines is now covered . with worth­ we are in reality enjoying a cellulose age less brush. · Ho.w to remove this brush and I wou!d like tp give you who have come here when you think of our mult~wall paper bags reforest Jn an economical way is one of our from all over the Nation a report on for- and cartons which package almo,st every­ biggest problems. Research will lead the estry progress in· the South. ' thing from milk to concrete, the hardboard, way, Within 50 miles of Jacksonville- are I come from northwest Florida·. where insulating board, and newsprint, and hun­ two Federal research facilities: The United many of the ~ounties are more than three­ ·dreds of cellulose products. I hope you will States Forest Service Research Center at fourths forested. It is a real piney-woods visit one of our. great pulpmills while you Lake City, Fla., and the Naval Stores Labo­ country,.· Years ago I saw the great ·virgin are here. I have also mentioned naval stores. ratory of the United States Agricultural Re­ pine .cleared by the steam skidders, and the You are in the heart of ·the colorful naval search Service at Olustee, Fla. In my dis­ remains. of logging .railroads scattered like stores belt here and · I hope you'll get out tr.ict the Chipola Forest Station at Ma­ bones from a skeleton on a barren, wasted of ·your cars to examine some working trees rianna. is studying important production co~ntry. I have seen the annual fires set and perhaps a central steam _still. Our problems. In addition, the Union Bag & .by men on horseback as far as they could lumber industry is booming and many of Paper Co. has a research center at Savan­ ride. More recently I have seen the change .our big lumber companies like the Neal nah and the West Virginia ' Pulp & Paper to protection and a start toward pr_oper Lumber Co. of Blountstown, Fla., and the Co. has one at Charleston, S. C. ·management under which· the great green Alger-.Sullivan Lumber Co., of Cantoi:iment, In .the field of protection, I wls}J. I could regrowth of pine will reclothe our plains and Fla., for example, are doing a splendid for­ report to you tonight as I might have done hills with a new wealth. I have seen the estry job. a year ago that the South is making great development of the· pulp and paper indus­ Last year the South planted 516,477 acres, progress. Here my optimism gives way to try-there are three of. these wonderful in­ three-fourths of the Nation's total planting. grave . concern. We had about 86 percent .d.ustries in my district alone-the Inter­ May I brag a l!ttle bit by saying that in of all the fires in the country, 95 percent of national Paper Co., the St. Joe_ Paper Co., tree planting the South leads the Nation? the area burned and about 90 percent of and the St. Regis Paper Co.-all with great, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, . and Mississippi the area still · unprotected. In the past well-managed land holdings. lead all the States in tree planting. The year the South has really taken a terrible I have lived with forestry in the South · State of Geo·rgia is now producing more licking from wild fires. Let me tell you of and therefore I must ask you , to forgive than 100 million trees per year . . The State only- four cases -which have been reported. the seemingly too frequent use of the per­ of Florida is increasing the capacity of its to me recently: sonal pronoun. Forestry is a personal mat­ State nurseries to about 80 million: In 1. In one of our States an 1ncendlarist• ter to me and a ·personal matter to the . addition to this, many of the paper com'­ just for meanness, set 20 fires in one night. people of my district. Forestry must be a panies ha:ve tree nurseries or are in process While thousands of acres of valuable tim­ personal matter to you, too, as indicated by of establishing them. Their combined pro­ "Qer were burning up, the State caught the ·your presence and. active interest in this duction will exceed 50 million trees this -incendiarist, hauled him before · the local meeting. Forestry is important not only year. In this · field we are making great judge and he admitted his guilt. The judge regionally but also nationally. What the progress but before we become complacent sentenced him for .2 years and immediately South does affects the Nation. Our success let's remember that the South still has 26 suspended the sentence. The same judge or failure in producing the forest products million acres of idle forest lands in .need . the same day sentenced a man caught steal­ needed in war or peace will have a lot to of planting and probably a:n equal area in ing a small quantity of food to 6 months at do with the welfare and prosperity of every­ poo~ly stocked woods w:p.ere interplanting is hard labor. one, be he a Kansas farmer or a Brooklyn needed to obtain full production. We need 2. In· the great Commonwealth of .Georgia shoe clerk. - to produce 1 billion trees per year if we they had very disastrous fires in the Okefe­ Through protection and development of are to get on with the job. nokee Swamp area. The swamp was ex­ its forest regrowtl~ the South has become At:r most of you know the tree-planting tremely dry and the area is very remote and the great forest factory. of · the · Nation. program is a cooperative State-Federal-pri­ inaccessible. Many fires in that swamp were With 222 million acres of commercial forest vate landowner venture began in 1924 under .caused by lightning · but many of the large land the Soutp, is produc,ing and can be the Clarke-McNary Act. I am proud of the fires around the swamp were of ln~endiar.y counted upon to ,continue to produce a great partnership relationships. which }J.ave , been origin. They entered the swamp where they wealth of forest products. Incidentally, time tested under this act and the .Cooper­ co~ld not be controlled. Later t_lle wind blew when I speak of the South I am including ative Forest Management.. Act of 1950 in them out of the swamp onto the high-:valued · 110t ~ nly th~ Deep. South· but also Virgi_nia, which I had a part. These a(?ts show what pine areas where they destroyed millions of West·· Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. I can be done by working together in true dollars' worth of timber. One man-caused -need not remind · you· of the great many partnerships. Federal money and technical fire near Fargo, Ga.-, · burned 'about 90,000 uses of our forests, but a moment might be assistance are needed in all States, par­ acres of some of the best pine timber in the well spent in considering new uses· as well ticularly the lagging States, and to provide South. The effect of the fires in- southeast 2762 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE February 16_ Georgia during 1955 will l?e felt by the foi:­ Ohio received $13.7,944,138 .of Federal aid, of up and be counted as to whether or not we est products industries in the Southeast foi:: which only $77,220 was for forestry. Florida will go forward in favor of adequate protec­ many years to come. received a total of $86,973,619 of Federal aici tion. Our forests are growing and our pop­ 3. In my own State, Florida, there were of which forestry, including protection, ulation is growing-therefore our problems many damaging fires ·last .spring. Some of amounted ·to six-tenths.of 1 percent, $565,748, are growing. We must go forward, changing the most disastrous fires were, in the Madi­ Xhe total amount of Federal pay.ments to methods with changing times, but stead­ son,-Taylor County area. .March 7, firebugs or­ States amounted to $4.,041,2~5,778. .Forestry, fastly striving to achieve our goal. Let us incendi-arists strun:g fires for. about . 6 . miles; in.eluding· cooperation with the States for ~ver keep in mind that our goal is the well This .fl.re soon :ro:aTed out .of control and waa_ forest fire fighting was two-tenths o! 1 per­ managed and protected forest resource fserv­ joined by the F_oley fire that -5tarted M~rch cent, ·$9,950,612. Forestry assistance has ing factories with work and money for the 10. These 2. 1lres were finally controlled on never been adequately" fi.rianced by the· Fed­ people who live here and providing products Sunday, March 13, but not until 57,000 acres ~ral Government. But every time we try to for the Nation. We will neither accept nor were ravished. Eight thousand ·additional Jncrease the appropriation for forest protec­ compromise with anything else, acres in the same general area were tiestroyed tion there are some who say that this ls un­ by numerous small fir-es during the same pe­ necessary, and the increase is not appro­ riod. These were not ordinary surface fires; priate. The costly fires of last spring provide they were roaring, terrifying crown fires that their own answer to this question. The Uppe~ Colorado River Storage Proj· destroyed everything in their path. · I am hopeful that in the future forestry 4. In North Ca:,;olina in May a fire swept app::opriations for Federal-State cooperation · ect....:...A Patchwork Proposal across 200,000 ·acres before it was controlled. will be given more favorable consideration. You must make certain, however, that your So hot was this fire that it rolled right over EXTENSION OF REMARKS the coastal w-aterway. At a meeting held Representatives in Washington actually rep­ J"une 20 at New Bern it was brought out resent you and carry out your wishes. If you OF that the personally able State forester was wan~ more Federal assistance in fire pro­ not equipped and did not have the organi­ tection, go after it. Don't let lobbyists per­ HON. GLENARD P: LIPSCOMB suade the administration and Congress that OF CALIFORNIA zation and reserves to handle a blowup sit­ Federal assistance isn't needed and that the uation. Why didp.'t ,he have an a~equate States and counties will pick up the check. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES setup? It was brought out in the· hearings The States are already way ahead of the Thursday, February 16, l956 that the State.. forester was doing the best Federal Government now in protection ex­ he could but he just couldn't finance the penditures and just haven't been able to Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, the setup needed. Why didn't he have the do the entire job. It is time that the Federal upper Colorado River storage project is money? As· a Member· of Congress I must Government met its responsibilities to share scheduled to be brought before this take p:ttt of the blame but each one of you 50-50 in fire prevention costs as intended 'Chamber for consideration next week. must also accept a share of the blame for under the Clarke-McNary law of 1924. this failure in protection. Here's why. The Before any such serious consideration State '1:)rester of 'North Carolina received for I am sure you believe as I do that wild­ can be deserved, many inherent incon­ protection under the Clarke-McNary Act of fire is no respecter of State lines and that ~istencies and fatal defects in the pro­ 1924 o.nly $295,466 of Federal money. The the disastrous uncontrolled fire ls an enemy-the enemy not only of Florida and posal should be eliminated. State, counties, and private sources put in · The House should not be· expected to over 3 times as niuch-$988,105-"giving him the South but also of the entire Nation. Within the next decade how many board further patch this patchwork proposal a total of $1,283,571, which was inadequate. on the 1loor of this Chamber in final Why doesn't he get adequate funds? In the feet of lumber for boxes will be grown on ·the burned areas? How many units of debate. At the least the bill should be past 10 years Federal expenditures for fire ·naval stores so vitally needed in times of protection in this partnership have increased recommitted .to the House Interior and war will be produced from the scarred, '.Insufar Affairs Committee for further 50 percent, but this is less than the estimated blackened trees of burned-over areas? Can post-of-living increase. During the same pe­ the Nation, confronted with the threat of study and hearings upon reports from .riod State expenditures hav.e jumped 335 per­ a world waT III, afford to neglect such waste­ .the Secretary of the Interior and the cent. I can' speak only from the Federal fulness? Let's · not kid ourselves that be­ Bureau of the Badget. · The projects pro­ side. He doesn't get more simply because cause we have atom bombs we can win posed to be authorized, the repayment ·the Feder1;1l Government, which originally easily. The struggle may be a long one and provisions of the bill, .and the economic ,intended in 1924 to match the State funds, victory may ultimately be won by the side ,has-failed to redeem its responsibility. This and financial aspects thereof have never which has best developed its long-term re­ been fully reported upon by the Secretary is the case with all of our States. I men­ sources. All acres would be needed in full ·tion Naorth Carolina because of the public productivity not as idle or burned-over of the Interior or the Bureau of the interest in this .case. ·wastelands. Thrifty, well-managed forests Budget. Why doesn't the Federal Government meet could be essential f_or victory. There are many unresolved questions a full 50-50 share of the cost of protection War is not inevitable. In the event we are as to engineering, economic, and finan­ from forest fires? Congress has tried hard favored with a peaceful future we will still cial feasibility of the proposed projects ·to provide the appropriation which would need our forest resources. We will need which demand further study and report do tliis. In doing so, of course, it is anxious forest products not only for domestic con­ to listen to advice of all of the people. You before Congress acts on thfa proposal. sumption but also to maintain our position These u:presolved questions affecting the would think that everyone would advise in world trade. Economists tell me that Congress to appropriate adequate sums fo_r there is a shortage of many types of woods engineering, economic and financial _its just share of protection, wouldn't you? I in the world's markets. With its favorable feasibility of the projects proposed in thought so, too, until I found that our location, its climate and soils the South can -the upper Colorado River storage project · .efforts were being hamstrung. For example, produce abundant forest crops. The South -bill should be reviewed by. an impartial _let me read you a resolution which was can be a strong factor in the Nation's do­ board of qualified engineers and experts .given wide circulation by the National Lum­ mestic and international prosperity. ber Manufacturers · Association: National and reported upon before Congress takes I'd like to sum up by saying in my report any further action. Such a board of Lumber Manufacturers Association Release to. you that the South is making forestry ,NL-92-55· Sea Island, Ga., May 21: progress. We are proud of our forestry rev.iew and procedure is recommended by "The industry leaders also· recommended achievements of the last 50 years. We are the Presidential Advisory Committee on a gradual reduction in Fedei:_al forest fire proud of our area planted to trees, of the ·Water Resources Policy f.or all water re­ -protection -payments t:o the States and urged establishment of our great forest industries, sources projects. The proposed upper development oLmultiple land use programs of our large well-managed private forest Colorado River storage project, with ~ts for the national forests." holdings, of our publicly owned National and intricate web of engineering an,d :finan­ The spokesmen of the lumber i:qdustry State forests, and particularly we are proud cial arrangements, cri~s out for _such a will tell you that their interests lie in econ­ of the results of our forest research. In omy and in the reduction of Federal taxes. general, we are proud of our protection review. But let us consider this point more fully­ work too. Although we have just expe_­ The haste and pressure· under which from the standpoint of the whole picture ·rienced a terrible setback in our forest pro- . this whole project has been presented to rather than •of the tiny facet labeled .forest tection, I would like to think that the · the Congress has already resulted in a fire protection and management. terrible fires of this spring won't occur again. -strange piece of legislative -history. In Let me give you a few figures for the fiscal But we all know that they will if the fire• ~a rather unusual step, a· majority of the year ending June 30, 1951. According to fighting organizations are not manned and ·House Interior and Insular Affairs Com­ the Handbook on Federal Grants-in-Aid equipped to stop them. They h?,ppened o~ce ·mittee, on- February 8, 1956, considered . published by the American Parents Commit­ and they can happen again if something fs tee, Inc.: ·The Empire State, New York, re­ not done about it. I am deeply concerned and approved amendments to H. R.1 3383, ceived $286,076,374 of Federal aid of whtch and I know you m·ust be too. We must do a bill to authorize the Secretary of the one.. tenth of 1 per.cent, $284,079, was for all ~something to' overcome this setback and ·to Interior to construct, operate, and main- · :forestry c.0_0pera.tion, Jncluding protection. dnsure full progress ahead. We must stand .tain the Colorado River storage project 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2763 and participating projects, some 7 Second.· Invasion of Dinosaur National make the project unreasonable and im­ months after a rule had been obtained Monument by Echo Park Dam and power practical: (a) There is doubt whether on a bill which had been -vigorously put facilities will be unavoidable if the bill Glen Canyon can support a 700-foot forward as being a measure which would passes. The effort to delete Echo Park dam; (b) the construction at Glen .satisfy all interests and endan·ger none. is misleading. Echo Park is an integral Canyon will endanger Rainbow Natural A principal amendment carves up ex­ part of the project which will be required Bridge; (c) large quantities of water cess .revenues expected to be produced for inclusion at some future time in the . may be forever lost by absorption into from the power dams and apportions effort to rescue vast expenditures on an the sandstone walls of Glen Canyon them among Colorado, New Mexico, infeasible. project. As the bill now Reservoir. Utah, and Wyoming to be used in repay­ stands, the committee is sending to the Twelfth.· The benefit-cost ratio has ing construction costs of participating House a bill which the Commissioner of been distorted contrary to reclamation projects within those States. This to­ Reclamation has conceded is economi­ law in an attempt to ·justify the project's tally new concept constitutes in effect a cally infeasible. unsound economics. - new bill. It and all the other amend­ Third. The project will damage the Thirteenth. Fifty years of reclamation ments had less than 2 hours before the Nation's agricultural economy. The ·1aw, precedent, and experience are jetti­ House Interior and Insular Affairs Com­ project would grow crops already in agri­ soned by the project. mittee. It had no time at all before the cultural surplus. The project will serv­ Fourteenth. The. · project wholly Rules Committee. There was no ex­ ice, for the most part, only marginal · ignores the Hoover Commission report. ecutive department comment at all, with agricultural land. When needed, there Fifteenth. The bill includes projects the exception of a brief letter from the exists at least 20 million acres of unde­ which have been disapproved by the Reclamation Bureau, which gave no sub­ veloped land which can be placed in Bureau of the Budget. stantiating information. This action is production at a fraction of the cost of Sixteenth. The bill varies substantially contrary to the orderly processes of the acreage serviced by the project. and materially from the administration­ House. It should not be permitted. Fourth. The ultimate direc-!; and hid­ approved project. The bill's projects The new H. R. 3383 contains all of the den costs of the project total at least are different. A reexamination of eco­ vices of the original, and more, such as $-5 billion. This figure is probably low nomic justification of the project, called the direct apportionment of project reve­ because it is based on Bureau of Rec­ for by the administration, is missing. nues. In addition, geological material lamation cost estimates which have Financial repayment features are basi­ has come to light since the end of the proved notoriously short of actual con­ cally contrary from those approved and first session of this Congress which re­ struction costs. recommended by the administration. quires most . urgent consideration by Fifth. Ninety-eight percent of the Seventeenth. The project should not qualified people. It has received none. project's cost would be borne by the tax­ be authorized at this time because the Furthermore, the ad.ministration's soil­ payers of the 44 States in which the proj­ economic,- engineering, and financial sur­ bank proposal now before the Congress ect is not located. veys prerequisite to its proper evaluation would require taking presently cultivated Sixth. The appropriation authoriza­ are still inadequate and incomplete. land out of production to cut down sur­ tion of $760 million is misleading. It Eighteenth. The project would criti­ pluses. H. R. 3383 would put new ·1ands actually amounts to $933,468,300 based cally impair the quantity and quality of into cultivation and provide more water on Bureau of Reclamation estimates. It water to which the lower Colora(lo B&sin for lands already in crops-some of should be $1.6 billion to reflect actual States, particularly southern California. which may well be placed in soil-bank direct construction costs. have prior rights. reserve-to grow more surpluses. It Seventh. The huge concealed Federal Nineteenth. The project would criti­ simply does not make sense. subsidy to the States of Colorado, Wyo­ cally impair operations at Hoover Dam Save for the extraordinary provision ming, Utah, and New Mexico flowing and lose $187 million in revenues to the Federal Treasury. apportioning power revenues among the from the project are unwarranted and Twentieth. The assistance to the four States in which the projects will be unconscionable. Navajo Indians in the bill is negligible. built, the bill remains substantially the Eighth. The project's financial scheme Cost of the project's benefits is $200,000 same. The only change in projects is wholly unsound and will burden tax­ for each and every Navajo farm. enumerated has been the substitution of payers for generations to come. Irriga­ San Miguel and Yellow Jacket for Woody tion projects are financially infeasible, Twenty-first. The project would for­ Creek, all in Colorado. requiring an average subsidy of 88 per­ ever tie .the future of the intermountain West to a horse-and-buggy farm econ­ PRINCIPAL OBJECTIONS cent of their cost. Project repayment omy and forestall development of its rich Principal objections to the bill which provisions are unrealistic and economi­ indµstrial potential. call for answer and revisions in the bill cally indefensible. The project's finan­ before any serious consideration by the cial scheme is based on the impossible RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Congress are the following, which have assumption that 6-mill power will be Recent material affecting this project been outlined by members of the House marketable for the next 100 years. Low and the new committee amendments Committee on Interior · and Insular cost nuclear electric power developments have not been given any serious consid­ Affairs in House Report No. 1087, 84th and potentialities have been disregarded eration. Congress, 1st session, issued on July 8, and ignored. The project is not self­ There are physical and geological dif­ 1955, and supplemented by part 2 of this liquidating. The project's power dams flcul ties in connection with the' Glen report issued on February 14, 1956: are unneeded for power and are included Canyon storage unit which cast doubt on First. The $1 ½ billion upper Colorado only to subsidize irrigation components. its engineering and financial feasibility. storage project approved by the Senate, Ninth. Central Utah-initial phase­ The bill is wholly incompatible with and the ostensibly smaller House bill, are the project's largest irrigation segment, the recommendations of the Presidential one and the same thing. In actuality is the most infeasible of all. The esti­ Advisory Conuriittee on Water Resources the project is the nondivisible $1 ½ billion mated cost of this project for the irriga­ Policy which issued its report on Decem­ entity described in House Document No. tion features alone is $127 million to ber 22, 1955. 364 of the 83d Congress. Only segments irrigate 160,000 acres at a cost of $794 The project would seriously impair per acre, exclusive of hidden interest water rights in the lower basin of the of that entity are contained in the House subsidy by the taxpayers. The Bureau Colorado River. H. R. 3383 is planned bill. Although such expensive and con­ of Reclamation studies show that the on interpretations of the Colorado River troversial integral parts of the whole water users could repay only $94 per acre, compact which are the exact opposite of project as Echo Park have been deleted or 12 percent of the construction cost, those involved in the planning and op­ from the House bill to make it appear over a period of 70 years. eration of Hoover Dam. These inter­ palatable, they cannot be deleted from Tenth. Water rights upon which the pretations are at issue in Arizona versus the project. Authorization of the initial project depends for power revenues are California, now before the Supreme segments will make mandatory later now in litigation before the Supreme Court. Arizona, California, Nevada. authorization of -the remainder so that Court and may never become available. New Mexico, Utah, and the United States power revenues can be obtained to help Eleventh. Three physical and geologi­ are parties to this litigation and will be repay the investment. cal difficulties in addition to Echo Park bound by the result. The Court recently 2764 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE February 16 · denied a motion to join the upper basin Chinle, which Chinle when touched by And from another northeastern Mem­ · States as such, at thls stage of the pro:. water dissolves, so he warns us; and, ber, at page 9978: ceedings, by a -5-to-3 -vote, without opin­ . says he; the Glen Canyan Dam would be The farmers are crying for relief from over­ ion. The important thing, however, is not a mighty reservoir of water and pow:. production, but still we go on reclaiming · that -the--tTnited--States -will -be,bound by . er, but a "billion. dollar .mud puddle." .more, lands for agricultural production. • · • • the -:final decision and will be required to But that is not all he found. Not­ I am opposed to constructing a dam that . withstanding studies made ·by able en.. will constitute a menace. The proposed dam ·operate-its pr-ojeets,Lwhether in the-upper .would be,at least 675 feet .high from the bed.• ·Statesj or·the lower, -in accordance with .gineers who have studied the project for­ rock. That is-four times as high as Niagara that decision. That decision will deter- years. in thorough detail, and at great "Falls. It is 120 feet taller than the Wasn- . mine wh-ich -set of assumptions, those on expense, the gentleman from California ·ington Monument. which lower-basin projects have been for the first time discovered that there built-and are oper~ting or those on which were two gaping subterranean caverns, He predicted the dam would not hold, the upper-basin project is planned, is so huge they can hold 350 million acre­ and he said: · correct. -Both c-annot be. While this feet of water, or, as he says, "26 years · It is .appalling to think what destruction ~ 'litig,ati-on-is-pending ,and while the water -flow of the whole Colorado River," and, would follow in the wake of such a wall of -he gravely tells us, that is where the . wat-er as would follow the breaking of the tights remai_p in doubt, Gongress should proposed dam. The territory is subject · to not authorize H ·. R. 3383. · water will go. earthquakes. There are no justifiable reasons for So it was with Boulder Dam back in rushing through the Congress, without 1928. Of the Senator who warned of - From a western Member, at page adequate -oppGrtunity for vitally neces­ · Boulder Dam being equally disastrous 9500: sary revisions, a- · project as obviously back in 1928, the venerable California I have opposed it because lt is entirely un­ -questionable asihe-upper C0lorado Ri:ver . Eenator, Hiram Johnson, said in the . sound in its economic aspects and will mean storage project. great Boulder Dam debate: ~the loss to the Federal taxpayer of every He knows more than all the engineers who dollar expended upon it. • • • I have op­ have examined this project; and he, with his .posed it because it is based upon an engi­ · technical skill, with his ability ,as an engi­ neering scheme so absurd, so dangerous, sp neer, with his knowledge of earth strata, with badly conceived that it can only be called Nothing Ne~ Under the Sun-Upper Colo­ his infinite variety in dealing with dams, preposterous. rado Storage-P.roject and Hoover Dam with his constructive genius-he says • • • And again at page 9502, he said: that this can not be done; and, therefore, his ipse dixit having been uttered, it must not Let us pause for a moment in order that EXTENSION OF REMARKS be done. we may hear from the people of Imperial OF . Valley. Under date of February 5, 1927, After reviewing what he described as the vegetable growers of Imperial Valley . ·· HON-. ANTONIO M. FERNANDEZ the 40-page 2-day speech of the Senator wrote me, in part, as follows: OF NEW, MEXICO . in -question, ·Senator Johnson concluded "The only people who would benefit from · this legislation are the Teal-estate specu­ IN THE HOUSE·OF: REPRESENTATIVES with these words: lators. There is no sense in bringing more Thurs-day; February i6, 1956 And so I say to the Senator • • • and land into cultivation when 90 percent of the .· others, who, from one motive or another, · farmers in -the Imperial Valley cannot now Mr. FERNANDEZ: Mr. Speaker, no follow him, and those he follows: Fear not; make a reasonable earning on their invest­ great venture was· ever undertaken by this dam ·can be built, and, under the provi­ ment. Any new land brought into bearing this country of eurs but what timid souls dence of God, will be built. It will be an. can only be used for producing such prod­ and others not so timid but for vary- other milestone in progress and achievement, ·ucts as we now produce on the land under . ing reasons, have shuddered and cried another tribute to American ability, skill, and cultivation and on which we are unable to out with dismay at what was being pro­ courage. make any money." posed. It was so in the development of And there is still another of their basic And, of course, as everyone knows, the representations which they must -know ls not the lower Colorado River which was in­ development of southern California, true, and that is that this project can be itiated with the construction of that initiated by the building of Boulder Dan,., paid for through the sale of electric great tnanmade reservoir of water and more than fulfilled the predictions and power. • • • They know that the Federal power, the Hoover Dam, formerly known the hopes of that great Senator and the Government will lose every cent of capital as Boulder Dam. sponsors of that project. It would have it puts into this project. The debates ih Congress on the Boul­ been disastrous for this country if the Many . more such arguments were der Dam act are replete with warnings agricultural production, and the hydro­ echoed back in 1928. But even as the that the construction of this great work electric and industrial production, which sponsors of Boulder Dam and the lower was "prepostero_us/' "dangerous," ·"in­ resulted from the enactment of that bill, basin had faith in 1928, and as they defensible," Habsurd;" and as one good had not been available to America dur­ have seen their faith fully justified by Senator·put it "likely to lead to the most ing the last war. history, so we who believe in the upper tremendous man-made catastrophe in On the House side during the Boulder Colorado storage project have faith in the history of the human race." At an­ Dam debate, this is what was said: the wisdom of this Congress, and we other point he said that it was ''a men­ From a Member from a northeastern have faith that, as Hiram Johnson said ace to the lives of thousands of people city, and a very fine and sincere Member of Boulder Dam: which mignt result in the greatest man­ for whom I have the greatest respect, at It will be another milestone in progress made disaster in history." page 9784 of the RECORD of May 24, 1928-: and achievement, another tribute to Ameri­ And so it is with the upper Colorado This bill proposes to irrigate 500,000 addi­ can ability, skill, and courage. River storage project shortly to be con­ tional acres of land that is not now being sidered by the House. On February 6, irrigated, and the land ls so highly produc­ And, may I add, foresight. in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the gen­ tive that it will very materially work to the injury of agriculture through the competi­ tleman from California [Mr. HOSMER], tion it will involve. has an insertion with respect to the up­ They talk about bills to improve the per Colorado River-entitled "The Great­ agricultural situation, and then they bring Israel and the Eisenhower Administration est Engineering Blunder in Our His­ in here bills which are designed to hurt the tory." In that insertion he tells us that agricultural situation; bills which will make EXTENSION OF REMARKS hst summer he hopped down into the the situation a grea,t deal worse than it is OF depths of Glen Canyon, in a helicopter, now. and in no time--witn the aid no doubt Is it not about time that those Members HON. IRWIN D. DAVIDSGN representing agricultural interests and wbo of a gunnysack in which to collect his OF NEW YORK have the . interests of agriculture at heart samples-he found devastating evidence shall put a brake on tllis type of legislation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVFB against the upper Colorado storage proj­ and decide that the Government shall not, Thursday, March 15, 1956 £,Ct. He found that both the Colorado by the expenditure of the taxpayers' money, River, and the San Juan River a hun­ try to ma~e worse and worse the agricultural Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, ·on c.red miles away~ were covered with situation? February 8, 1956, I addressed this House ' 19_56, CONGRESS10NAL_RECORD - -. HOUSE_ 2765 concerning the horrendous crisis in the But even·if it did, which is patently now Egypt :of the_ incentive to launch the· Middle East. I attempted to describe the quite doubtful, :tielp would· come too late.· attack. · Eyen Mr. Dulles recognizes this, seething -caldron which the commu­ A plane flies from Cairo to Tel Aviv in a for he said: nists are stirring 'With a ladle of hate and matter of a few minutes. .- I tp.ink if I were sitting where :they a.re,: :which threatens at this .very moment to At this. point, I wish to make ~crystal I might entertain -the-same feeling~ . spill over a world which cannot under clear Israel does not .want American boys any circumstance ,abide another war. I to shed blood for her. . Israel does ,not · Let us not be ostriches and hide our attempted. as an Ame:rican, to show. that want war. It wants peace. In, :the heads -in the sand.· Is there any one in it was ,a matter of enlightened self~ present .framework of the perilous ..situ~ the· world ·who ·doubts that · the Arabs interest to preserve peace in the Middle ation that exists~ the Arabs refuse to talk purchased their ·arms to atta·ck· Israel?· East and not to allow a friendly de­ peace. They refuse to enter the same Does any one think that the· Arabs get mocracy, however small, to stand alone room with Israel representatives. They arms from. the Communists in order to against the obvious Arab plan to attack refuse to recognize_ Israel's very. ex­ fight the C'ommunists? · The Arabs are and destroy her. I pleaded that this istence. · · famous · for their duplicity. Did they great Nation extend to Israel, a creation Recently on television, Dr. Farid Zei­ fight in the Second World War against of the United Nations, the hand of neddine,. the Syrian Ambassador to . the Hitler? The few Palestinian Jews sup­ friendship and encouragement in · the United States, said that Israel's very plied three times as many soldiers to form of a security pact just as we have existence was an aggression. He so re­ the anti-Nazi f.orces as did the whole done with 44 other nations in the family f erred to this little democracy, which Arab world during World War II. How of those yet free. I beseeched that long shall we be fooled by-Nasser's black­ was morally born of the conscience of mail and his talking .out of two sides of Israel be permitted to purchase defen­ the world as .expressed by . the United sive arms to def end herself and deter this the· mouth? · - Nasser outsmarted the Nations. No, Israel needs peace so that Western World with-his· arms deal with cruel aggre~sion. it can continue its· miraculous good Alas, I fear -my words are inadequate the· -Soviet bloc. ·Soon he will be ready works. It does not want arms , to at­ for the battle. with this administration; they fall on tack anyone. It wants defensive arms deaf and callous ea-rs. Yet · my friend and colleague of the to protect itself. The people of Israel Foreign Affairs Committee poses the Following that speech, a colleague ap­ do not wish to place the responsibility question: · · · · proached me. He is a man for whom I for the lives of their children on the have profound respect and affectionate intercession of any foreign power. They Is there danger that we may drive the Arab regard. He sits as a distinguished mem­ are resolved, make no mistake, that the world into the Communists' orbit? ber of our House Foreign Affairs Com­ Arabs will not occupy their country~ That, too, I should like to answer. It mittee. He complimented me upon my They will nght for every inch of their is a point that needs clarification. efforts and favored me with a most· can­ territory and every precious grain of , The answer is "No." As one who has did· .and revealing dissertation- on the sand. :visited the Middle East, I can tell you subject. The point of view which he ex­ Yet, Mr. ·Dulles, speaking for the Ei­ .that the ATab potentates who control pressed · was, I believe,- an accurate re­ senhower administration said and I ,the destinies of· their countries 1n many flection. of this administration's position quote: "It would seem that Israel's se­ -eases do so from sumptuous villas on the with regard to the Arab-Israeli exigency, curity _could be better assured in the Riviera. Their totalitarianism and He told me that he appreciated my long run through· measures other than feudal domination of the Feilaheen and ~ncern, but wished me to give consid­ the acquisition of additional arms. 'impoverished populace is something eration to the State Department's point These other measures include reliance which does not lend itself to commu­ of view. His suggestion was that Israel on the United -Nations." What does ''in nism. The oriental sheiks and poten­ should not waste what little money it the long run" mean? The holocaust tates have for too long ridden herd over might have for defensive arms. "It may be tomorrow, next week, or next their suffering masses to turn to com­ might be better," he said, "to rely upon · month. munism; their heads would be the first the United Nations which created Israel Israel, a friendly democracy, is ask­ to roll and they know it. to protect it." This concept, I believe, ing for defensive weapans. 'They are · Israel has no desire to bleed again as needs be answered.. not asking for bombers or submarines, lt did in 1948. It does not wish to off er __ In November. 1947 the United Nations but interceptive fighters, antiaircraft up its youth to casualty lists. The gar­ decided upon the establishment of the guns, and tanks to stand against tanks. .dens, the forests, the farms, the hos­ State of Israel. Within days, the Arabs Mr. Eisenhower, and Mr. Dulles speak­ pitals, and schools which they built upon started war~ In an attempt to negate ing for him, abhors an arms race. · Five the cruel dry sands of their country, they the action of the United Nations, they months ago, we suffered the shock of do not wish to see reduced to rubble. .attacked from all sides. No one inter­ learning about the arms deal between They want peace. They still hope and fered. No member of the U. N. gave help Egypt and the Communists. Two hun­ ·pray that those who gave the world the to Israel, or attempted to stay that at­ tlred and fifty million dollars worth of 'Koran will accept the hand of those who tack even when Jerusalem was partly arms were practic~lly given to Egypt-­ gave. the world the Bible. But Israel's destroyed. The brave Israelis, number­ fighters, bombers, tanks, submarines. hand must be made strong enough to ing less than 600,000, beat back the on­ This is not the only source of arms to repel the attack, to deter the incentive coming hordes, 40 million of them, with the Arab States. The United States it­ for that attack. their bare hands. They did not consid­ self, and England, have contributed to President Eisenhower himself declared er themselves heroes. They were the their imbalance of military might. It that every country has a right to get people who came out from Dachau and makes it· so tempting and inviting· f.or arms for legitimate self-defense. This Auschwitz and the ghetto of Warsaw. the Arab world to attack. Israel did means that .Israel, too, has that right. In the protection of their lives and the not start an arms race, and does ·not Arms as a deterrent is the declared pol­ lives of their children, they were brave, want one now. There was Arab supe­ icy of the ··united States. The whole and they were sustained with a single riority, especially in aircraft. even be­ world knows there is no other deterrent. secret weapon, two words: '-'Ein Brara,'' fore and during the deal with the Com­ Israel is .a small country, bµt that was no choice. No one came to their assist­ munists. And the Israelis were not also true .of Ethiopia. In 1939 .when ance. They fought their battle for sur­ afraid. But now the imbalance is so Czechoslovakia was sold down the river vival alone. ,great and the probability of _aggressive in the Treaty of Munich by Chamberlain If the whole question of Israel's secu­ attack so imminent~ that Israel calls with Hitler, the younger Masa.ryk said: rity were left to the Security . Council, upon its friend in the family of free na­ In a world where there is.no security for there would surely .be a Russian veto. tions to help to ward off the blow. · small nations, there is none for big ones. The United States refuses to enter into · There is a point beyond which :flesh Eight months later. World War~ II a security pact with ·:rsrael in conform­ and spirit cannot prevail against cold started. ity with the spirit of ·the UI1i1ted Nations, steel. Qnly by the acquisition _o·f effec­ The threat to Israel is a threat· to a consummation devoutly to be wished. tive defensive weapons can she deprive Western civilization and st-andards .. If CII-174 . 2766 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - SENATE · February 17, the feudal Arab States were to become "What about the oil?" Very well, if ened with death, but they have' known . democracies as Israel is, there would be needs be, we will set up the scale and death. These are people who have more peace and cooperation in the Middle weigh the interest of oil companies space in the world when they are dead East. Why then shall we give lipservice against the blood of human beings. But than when they are alive. In the end, to democracy? ·~his administration thus will peace in the Middle East mean the they will survive and survive in freedom, far has made a sorry record in interna­ loss of oil? Will giving Israel defensive no matter what the odds. But the plea arms to fend off its annihilation mean I make today is in the name of morality tional affairs. Dictatorships have been loss of oil? Are we not more likely to and in the name of decency and in the helped and democracies have been left lose everything if war breaks out in the name of a democratic, friendly nation unaided. What do you think is the effect world again, if aggression is not stopped whose contribution to the health, wel­ on small nations everywhere? in its tracks? fare, and living standards in its part of My friend of the Foreign At!airs Com­ . The Israelis do not want war .. They the world is perhaps one of the major mittee then asked the $64 question. want to live. They have been threat- reasons for Arab·hate and intransigence:

mittee on Government Operations was ADMISSION INTO THE UNITED STATES OF CERTAIN SENATE authorized to meet during the session of ALIEN DEFECTORS the S~nate today. A letter from the Commissioner, Immigra­ FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1956 tion and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, (Legislative day of Thursday, February copies of orders entered granting admission 16, 1956) ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF into the United States of certain defector ROUTINE BUSINESS aliens (with accompanying papers); to the The Senate met at l2 Q'dock meridian, Mr. CLEMENTS. Mr. President, I ask Committee on the. Judiciary. on the expiration of the recess. unanimous consent that there be a ADMISSION OF DISPLACED PERSONS­ The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown morning hour for the presentation of WITHDRAWAL OF NAME Harris, D. D., offered· the following petitions and memorials, the introduc­ A letter from the Commissioner, Immi­ prayer. tion of bills, and the transaction of other gration and Naturalization Service, Depart­ ment of Justice, withdrawing the name of God of all grace: Thou hast taught us routine business, and that any statement Chen Sie Wei from a report transmitted to that in quietness and in confidence shall made in connection therewith be limited the Senate on June 6, 1955, pursuant to sec­ be our strength. On this day of prayer, to 2 minutes. tion 6 of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953, when around the earth the incense of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ with a view to the adjustment of his immi­ intercession arises from the agonized ·out objection, it is so ordered. gration status (with an accompanying pa­ needs of Thy children, we, too, in this per);, to the Committee on the Judiciary. chamber of governance, would climb the world's great altar stairs which slope EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, THE WHEAT PROGRAM-RESOLU­ through darkness up to Thee, the giver ETC. TIONS OF LEITH FARMERS UNION, of all good. We wait now in penitence LOCAL 1046, N:ORTH DAKOTA and contrition for Thy benediction, that The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ we may face whatever the day brings in f o:re the Senate · the following letters, Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I pre­ the gladness of · Thy guidance, in the which were ~ef erred as indicated: sent for appropriate reference, and ask glory of 'I'hy service, and in the solemn PROPOSED CONCESSION PERMITS, GREAT SMOKY unanimous consent to have printed in realization that we are indeed our broth­ MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK the RECORD, reolutions adopted by the ers' keepers. Two letters from the Assistant Secretary Leith Farmers Union, Local No. 1046, of On this day we would join the millions of the. Interior, transmitting, pursuant to North Dakota, relating to the wheat pro­ law, copies of pro.posed concession permits gram. under all skies in the mystery of prayer, in the Great Smoky Mountains National by which more things are wrought than Park., Tenn. (with accompanying papers); to There being no objection, the resolu­ this world dreams of. We do not ask tbe Committee on Interior and Insular tions were referred to the Committee on for Thy bestowal upon us of any material Affairs. Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: - thing. We would ask that Thou wouldst SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF CERTAIN make us men of pure hearts, purged of ALIENS RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE LEITH FARMERS the mire of moral failures, freed from Three letters from the Commissioner, Im­ UNION, LOCAL 1046, ON FEBRUARY 13, 1956 the lure of selfish advantage and of the migration and Naturalization Service, De­ Whereas the quality wheat program is the partment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant new sliding scale program in disguise, is un- prejudice which blinds our inner eyes to law, copies of orders suspending deporta­ workable and appears to be intended to and warps our judgment. And, above tion of certain aliens, together with a state­ create confusion in the minds of consumers all, in turmoils without and within, day me.nt of the facts and pertinent provisions and producers alike. by day, we would find- of law as to each alien and the reasons for Therefore we vigorously condemn any dis­ ordering such suspension (with accompany­ criminatory quality wheat or other commod­ "A little place of mystic grace, ing papers}; to the Committee on the Ju­ ity programs designed to aid speculators and Of self and sin swept bare, diciary. dil?credit rigid parity supports or direct pro­ Where we may look upon Thy face, GRANTING OF APPLICATIONS FOR PERMANENT duction programs. And talk to Thee in prayer." RESIDENCE FILED BY CERTAIN ALIENS Whereas the present sliding scale pro­ Two letters from the Commissioner, Im­ gram is not reducing surplus farm produc­ In the dear Redeemer's name. Amen. migration and Naturalization Service, De­ :tion but ls eliminating family farms and partment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant small-business men by the thousands: to law, copies of orders granting the appli­ Therefore be it cations for permanent residence filed by Resolved, That we, the members of the THE JOURNAL certain aliens, together with a statement Leith Farmers Union Local propose that pro­ On request of Mr. CLEMENTS, and by of the facts and pertinent provisions of law duction payments at full parity direct to the as to each alien and the reasons for granting farmer, based on a unit per farm system be unanimous consent, the reading of the substituted in the case of wheat we recom­ Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, such applications (with accompanying pa­ pers); to the Committee on the Judiciary. mend a limit of 3,000 bushels. February 16, 1956, was dispensed with. Whereas industry has been reimbursed for TEMPORARY ADMISSION INTO THE UNITED converting from wartime to peacetime pro­ STATES OF CERTAIN ALIENS duction and was permitted buying surplus A letter from the Commissioner, Immigra­ war production plants at or below 20 percent COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING tion and Naturalization Service, Department of.cost. SENATE SESSION . of Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, Therefore we propose that farmers be per­ copies of orders entered granting temporary mitted to buy their surplus crops at or below On request of Mr. CLEMENTS, and by admission into the United States of certain 20 percent of Government cost provided unanimous consent, the Permanent Sub­ aliens (with accompanying papers); to the they plant no crops that are in surplus that committee on Investigations of the Com- Commlttee on· the ~udlclary. crop year.