1508 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - SENATE January ,27 NOMINATION term expiring May 10, 1958, vice Chester I. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Barnard. Marvin Leland McLain, of Iowa, to be an Executive nomination received by the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. Senate January 27 (legislative day of CONFIRMATIONS COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION January 16). 1956: Executive nominations confirmed by Marvin Leland M;cLaln, of Iowa, to be a the Senate January 27 (legislative day member of the Board of Directors of the NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD, NATIONAL SCIENCE Commodity Credit Corporation. FOUNDATION of January 16), 1956: ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Exl'ORT-IMPORT BANK OF WASHINGTON T. Keith Glennan, of Ohio, to be a member Harold S. Vance, of Indiana, to be a mem­ Samuel C. Waugh, of Nebraska, to be Presi­ of the National science Board, National ber of the Atomic Energy Commission for dent of the Export-Import Bank of Washing­ Science Foundation, for the remainder of the the term expiring June 30, 1960. ton.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Address by Hon. Alexander Wiley,. of The powder keg Middle East, where hands with a 200-mile range. Both the U. S. S. R. are still close to triggers on both sides of the and ourselves have been pushing forward to Wisconsin, on "Brink of War" Contro­ Arab-Israeli borders, while arms shipments develop the dreaded intercontinental missile, pour in from Soviet bloc and other areas; a ballistic-free-missile, or a guided missile versy Our ally, France, where the Communists controlled by electronic means. are cunningly maneuvering to capitalize on Meanwhile, planes have been piercing the EXTENSION OF REMARKS their 152-vote bloc so to form a so-called barrier of sound at better than 1,000 miles popular-front government in the badly splin­ an hour. Jet planes are being introduced as OF tered National Assembly; well into commercial aviation, shrinking the Indonesia, where the Communists are also oceans and land distances, still further. HON. ALEXANDER WILEY maneuvering to exploit differences within All of these, and a hundred other factors in OF WISCONSIN and between Moslem parties' ranks and today's world, necessitate our close attention IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES thereby get a Red toehold in a new coalition to once remote developments in the world cabinet; scene. Friday, January 27, 1956 South America, which, while fortunately BANKERS CONSERVE, WARS DESTROY LIFE not in crisis, per se, is studying the signifi­ Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, last eve­ cant trade bait, dangled by Soviet Premier It is natural that you, in particular, as ning it was my pleasure to address the Bulganin; this is the latest instance of Red bankers, should be interested in this subject, safe deposit section of the District of peaceful-coexistence strategy-penetration because it is the banker's obligation to con­ through "rubles now, revolution later." serve. He is, of course, a trustee of other Columbia Bankers' Association. My peoples' funds-funds which represent not ·subject-was the so-called "brink of war•• PROBLEMS BEFORE CONGRESS only their life's resources, but their very lives controversy. Or, getting still closer to home, one could themselves. I send to the desk the text of my review in detail the policy problems in the Nothing could be more contrary to the idea address, and ask unanimous consent that Congress, regarding mutual security legis­ of conservation than war. it be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL lation, key questions such as: "Should Con­ The 140,000 United States lives which we gress write in a long-range declaration of expended-in deaths and wounds in Korea­ RECORD, intent, as regards future aid, or should it the $22 billion which were exploded on that There being no object.ion, the address attempt the more unprecedented step of a peninsula on behalf of the defense of a free was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, direct, long-range commitment, as such, or people-these are but the smallest symbols as follows: should it cut out economic aid entirely, or of infinitely worse costs which would be borne what it should do?" SENATOR Wn.EY URGES END OF "BRINK OF WAR" in the event of a third world war. Or, too, one could refer to the proposed SQUABBLE, SAYS WE MUST GET ON TO MORE THE BASIC QUESTION BEFORE US welcome increase in the appropriations for SUBSTANTIAL REVIEW OF OUR PROGRAMS the United States Information Agency-an We come now, then, to the basic question AHEAD issue on which the President of the United of the evening: "Are we on the right path? I am pleased to address the members of States feels very strongly-an issue on which Are we moving in the right direction toward this section on a subject which I know is of I personaily feel very keenly, too, for USIA heading off such a war?" deep interest to you, as it is, of course, to all is our principal instrument in the worldwide Has the foreign policy of your country other thinking Americans. battle for men's minds and, as such, the and mine been a sound one, or has it, as some I refer, of course, to the foreign policy of move to strengthen it is long overdue. USIA of its critics contend, been full of blunders? our country. has had its ups and downs. Time after Have we needlessly pushed to the brink of It will be my aim tonight to confine my time, it has been pulled up from the roots, war, as some people falsely interpret and remarks to but a few of the more basic prob­ examined, investigated, cut, and then thrust · unsoundly contend? lems confronting us. back into the earth, as if it could quickly The answer is as follows: THE MANY CRISIS AREAS ON THE WORLD SCENE take hold once again, in its worldwide opera­ OUR COURSE IS SOUND tions for the truth. If time were to permit, it would be a And one could refer to dozens of other The basic foreign policy of our land ls pleasure for me to take a detailed view of specific problems as well. sound. It is sound because it has been some of the more crucial individual settings molded and reviewed and refined by the on the world stage. WHY THESE PROBLEMS CONCERN US best minds, the best hearts, the best capaci­ One could devote an en tire evening just to Now, of course, I know that passing ties available to our Republic. Not just Re­ exploring such highly significant areas of through your minds, as I have mentioned this publican leadership, but Democratic leader­ crises, as those I will mention now: brief list, may have been the question, "Sena­ ship as well, have contributed to every single North Africa, scene of continued serious tor WILEY, why should we be concerned with major step which we have taken in recent tension and disturbances, as Morocco and all these far-distant places? What business years. Algeria move toward more self-government; is it of ours if two far-off countries are quar­ Under the great leadership of President North Africa, where our own strategic air reling over some bit of territory, say, the Saar, Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Fos­ bases represent a vital deterrent against or Dutch New Guinea, or Kashmir, or if there ter Dulles, we have basically moved not world war III; are civil disturbances in some land?" toward war, but toward an endurable and The ever-ominous Taiwan (Formosa) The answer is, I feel, very clear. The an­ just peace. Strait area, where recent Red artillery bom­ swer is that any situation which endangers Of ·course; we have been in danger. O! bardment, air and naval action, may indicate the peace of any part of the world, may en­ course, we have been at the edge of war at the possibility of ~he re~mergence of .the danger the peace of the whole world. times. Formosa-Pescadores, Quemoy-Matsu prob­ There is no part of the world today so far But we have never been pushed to the edge lem to the No. 1 position of crisis on the distant from any other part as to be of no by the design of any American. world scene; interest to us, and to other men of good will. On those occasions when we have been a-·­ Troubled India, where civil strife over the You and I read every day i.n our newspapers mittedly close to war, it has not been be­ states' reorganization has offered another that the world has been shrunken by men's cause of any American's foolhardy desire to example of treacherous Red meddling in dis­ !nventiveness. General Taylor has told how get close to it. Rather, we have been pushed turbed waters; we have been developing a guided missile to the edge because of the reckless, aggres- 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -SENATE 1509 sive actions of the Soviet Union and Red problems of advancing President Eisen­ But war could ·not and would not have China. hower's open-sky proposals in the U. N. been the decision on our part; it would be Under those circumstances, we had the al­ Disarmament Commission; problems of the decision of Peking and Moscow. We ternative of either retreating in panic, that strengthening SEATO; of preventing any don't want war. Do they? is, committing an act of appeasement, or erosion in the Middle East Treaty Organiza­ Yes, Senator HUMPHREY was right. The · standing still in paralysis, tonguetied, un­ tion (because in part of the disturbances in Formosa resolution was, indeed, an act of able to even speak our position. Jordan, whose possible entry into the Organ­ "high diplomacy backed up by strength." Or we had the alternative of standing firm ization had previously been thought feasible, It was and is a resolution to prevent war, not and announcing clearly and definitely that in some quarters). to bring war, a resolution of firmness-to we would take whatever action we deemed We and our friends confront other prob­ prevent the world from plunging over the necessary in our national interest and in lems, as well. There are internal difficulties brink of war, if at all possible. the interest of the cause of freedom. like Turkey's domestic economic troubles; And exactly whose "high diplomacy" did Thus, we proved we had no intention Greece's election struggle; the United King­ the Formosa resolution represent? The high of retreating. We had no intention and dom's trade gap; the Republic of Korea's diplomacy, principally, of the Secretary of never will have any intention of committing heavy economic problems burdened by the State of the United States, the very man an aggressive act. But we did not propose awful destruction of the war she so bravely whom my friend from Minnesota now takes and do not propose to run from danger like fought in defense of her freedom. to task. · a coward or a slacker or a fool. These are real problems, substantial, con­ It is good to take this look at the record; And, so, by our words and deeds of firm­ tinuing problems, the sort of problems which but it is even better to make our remarks ness, we have prevented war. should genuinely engage our and our friends' today consistent with our words and deeds Our enemy respects nothing but firmness. attention, rather than will-o'-the-wisp of yesterday. Our enemy despises weakness. Our enemy problems of interpreting an article in Life The Secretary of State has been consist­ capitalizes on indecision on its opponent's magazine. ent, and he has been right in his consistency. part. What good will further bickering over the He h as stated time and again, in effect, that All that we need do today is announce Life article serve? unless we post notice to an aggressor that or imply that we have no intention of stand­ THE HARM OF THE BRINK-OF-WAR CONTROVERSY his aggression will not go unpunished, we ing firm when the next crisis comes; that In point of fact, such bickering could do may anticipate that the aggressor may be we will retreat pellmell in panic, and you willing to risk war. can be sure that our enemy will immediately a . great deal of harm. seize upon such explicit or implicit position, Thinking Americans may genuinely be We must make sure that the aggressor feels. that there is definitely more to lose and commit some new acts of aggression. concerned lest Moscow and Peking misin­ That is why it is so absolutely essential terpret this whole controversy as allegedly than to gain from his aggression; and then that this brink of war controversy be dis­ signifying that part of the leadership of the he will not dare ignite the spark that could pensed with-promptly and completely. United States is toying with the idea of lead to local war, and possibly to interna­ That is why we Americans must quit quib­ spurning firm steps in protecting our na­ tional war. bling over the language used by a reporter tional interests. My friend from Minnesota has a great deal in a magazine article, and get down to hard I say it will be a sad day for the world of constructive work to perform. He is, for cases and hard issues and hard choices. if the aggressive cliques in Moscow and instance, chairman of a very important dis­ armament subcommittee, and he has other LET US HEAR OF ANY SPECIAL ALTERNATIVES Peking may get this false idea that many American leaders can be presumed so gun­ pressing tasks, worthy of his energy and · In recent days in the Senate we have heard shy, so fearful about the chance of conflict, talents. a great many criticisms of the administra­ that they will want us to retreat pellmell The Nation can benefit from his construc­ tion's foreign policy. We have heard a great in the event the Reds poise to throw their tive work on constructive issues--issues of many assertions to the effect that our for­ forces once more into some new aggression, substance, and not of language, issues well eign policy has no new ideas; it is not as in Korea. justified for review from every national dynamic; it is not flexible, etc. standpoint. But we have not heard one single solitary If the ruling cliques in Peking and Mos­ cow get that notion in their head, then both _ Of course, foreign policy is always sus­ word of recommendation of a constructive ceptible to review. It is always subject to and specific alternative. We have not seen local and international peace may be seri­ ously endangered. constructive changes. Our diplomacy is not one single instance where any member of the and could not be infallible. opposition has stated that we should be The fact of the matter is that my Demo­ cratic friends -will soon realize, if they do But, if there is to be a review, let it be a doing something specifically which we are review worthy of this great Nation, worthy not doing now, either with some country not now, that we must not give any such false impression to Peking and Moscow. of its challenge, worthy of this critical hour, or some group of countries or with-the free a review of substance, a review in which world, as a whole or the Soviet bloc as a Neither the responsible leadership of the Democratic Party nor of the Republican specific alternatives are suggested by those whole. who choose to criticize and are carefully TRIBUTE TO SENATOR GEORGE Party, of course, proposes to appease the Soviet Union. evaluated by all men of good will. Lest my remarks be misconstrued, I repeat Neither responsible leadership will sacri­ A legislator-Republican or Democratic­ this point:· In the past 3 years, we could not fice any land, as Czechoslovakia was sacri­ serves his party best as he serves his Nation have made the progress that we have genu­ best. My Democratic friends will bring inely made without the magnificent help of ficed at Munich. As you have noted, I do not want to pro­ greatest credit on their party as they bring, outstanding leaders of the Democratic Party as many of them have brought so often and the mass of Democratic legislators, as long the "brink of war" controversy. But I feel I would be remiss if I did not set in the past, credit on their Nation. well. They have been, by and large, good team­ Of course, I refer in particular to the uni­ it into proper perspective by pointing out one further historical fact. mates on our foreign policy, since the Re­ versally esteemed work of the chairman of publican regime took over in January 1953, our own committee, Georgia's statesman, AN INTERESTING QUOTE DURING THE FORMOSA I hope their teamwork will continue-un­ America's distinguished champion, Senator DEBATE interrupted. We need them, we want WALTER GEORGE, Many of us were interested in the re­ them. That is the message of our President · Whatever foreign policy differences he may marks recently made by my eloquent friend and of our Secretary of State and of all have with the administration-pale into from Minnesota, Senator HUMPHREY. responsible thought inside the Republican insignificance before t he strength of his basic But it was _also interesting to recall that Party. teamwork in the past and, I am certain, his back on January 28, 1955, at the time the CONCLUSION continuing, invaluable teamwork in the Formosa-Pescadores resolution was approved I have tried to review some of the prin­ future. so overwhelmingly by the Senate, that Sena­ cipal challenges facing our country tonight. This Sunday, he celebrates his 78th mile­ tor HUMPHREY-then, as now, exceedingly I have touched briefly upon some of the stone. I know that the best wishes of the active-said this on the floor of the Senate, specific areas in which our country is heavily Nation are with him and with his dear wife. as recorded in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, engaged. And, if I may be permitted a word regard­ volume 101, part 1, page 938: I have not attempted to make my remarks ing what is, of course, an internal decision "Although the resolution involves a firm of a great State of Dixie, I know that the on the brink of war issue all-inclusive, be­ commitment--and we must realize it could cause they could not possibly do justice in hopes of this Nation are that Georgia and lead to war-I believe that basically it rep­ complete detail to this subject. America will continue to be represented by resents high diplomacy backed up by him in the years to come. I hope, however, that I have spelled out strength." for you why it is so essential that we move VITAL NEW PROBLEMS CONFRONT UNITED STATES I repeat, Senator HUMPHREY frankly said beyond this issue; why we must keep united; A mass of old and new international prob­ "it could lead to war." why we must continue to advance with a lems loom up before him and before all of The Formosa resolution could indeed have firm, sure, foreign policy--0ne based upon us now-problems of America's participation led to war, as its could still conceivably lead the President's dynamic leadership and in the Organization for Trade Cooperation; to war. upon dynamic nonpartisan teamwork.