1943 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16~5 By Mr. ANGELLf President and the Congress of the United May she be the -greatest as she becomes H. R. 2114. A bill to amend title I of Public States favoring the passage of House bill 997 the servant of all. No.2, Seventy-third Congress, March 20, and Senate bill 216; to' the Committee on 1933, and the Veterans Regulations to pro­ .Military Affairs. We ask it in the name of that bne vide for rehabilitation of disabled veterans, Also, memorial of the Legislature of the. who for the joy that was set before Him and for other purposes; to the Committee on State of Utah, memorializing the President despised the shame and endured the World :War Veterans' Legislation. and the Congress of the United States relat­ cross. Amen. · By Mr. McGEHEE: ing. to its waters and the use thereof by the THE JOURNAL H. R. 2115. A bill to amend the District of · adjoining States and the United States; to Columbia Unemployment Compensation Act the Committee on Irrigation and Reclama­ On request of Mr. HILL, and by unani• to provide for unemployment compensation tion. mous consent, the reading of .the Journal in the District of Columbia, and for other of the proceedings of Friday, March 5, purposes; to the Committee on the District PETITIONS, ETC. 1943, was dispensed with, and the Jour­ o.f Columbia. By Mr. RANDOLPH: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions nal was approved. H. R. 2116. A bill to amend the .of the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ District of Columbia relating to exemption and referred as follows: .APPROVAL OF BILLS of property from judicial process, the assign­ ment of salary or wages, and the advance 230. By Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON: Peti­ Messages in writing from the President payment of salary or wages for the purpose tion of Miss A. Campbell, of Hillsboro, Tex., of the United States were communicated of preventing attachment or garnishment; favoring House Resolution No. 123; to the to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his to the Committee on the District of Co- Committee on Labor. secretaries, who also announced that on lumbia. · 231. By Mr. LECOMPTE: Resolution of Lo­ cal No. 1116, United Electrical, Radio, and March 6, 1943, the President had ap­ By Mr. REES of : proved and signed the following acts: H. R. 2117. A bill to establish a war cabinet Machine Workers of America, opposing the and to define the jurisdiction and authority Hobbs antiracketeering bill; to the Commit­ S. 158. An act to amend the Communica­ thereof; to the Committee on Military Affairs. tee on the Judiciary. tions Act of 1934, as amended, to permit con­ By . Mr. PRIEST: 232. By Mr. SULLIVAN: Memorial of the solidations and mergers of domestic tele­ H. R. 2118. A bill to provide for universal Legislature of Nevada, regarding statehood graph carriers, and for other purposes; service and total mobilization during any war for the Territory of Alaska; to the Committee S. 621. An act to authorize the Secretary in which the United States is now engaged; on the Territories. of the Navy to grant to the city of San Diego to the Committee on Military Affairs. 233. By Mr. WHITE: Senate Joint Memo­ for street purposes a parcel of land situated By Mr. POULSON: rial No. 6, of the State Legislature; to in the city of San Diego and State of Cal­ H. R. 2119. A bill to provide for the promo­ the Committee on Agriculture. ifornia; _ tion of officers on the retired list of the Army 234. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the S. 641. An act to amend section 6 of the after specified years of service on active duty; Clerk of the House of Representatives, United Pay Readjustment Act of 1942 relating to the to the Committee on Military Affairs. States of America, State of Washington Leg­ payment of rental allowances to certain of• By Mr. DIMOND: islature, petitioning consideration of their ficers; and H. R. 2120. A bill to amend section 9 of resolution with reference to House bill 997 S. 739. An act to amend the act entitled the act of Congress approved August 24, 1912 and Senate bill 216; to the Committee on "An act to authorize the attendance of per­ (37 Stat. 514); to the Committee on the Military Affairs. sonnel of the Army of the United States as Territories. 235. By Mr. BARRETT: Memorial of the students at educational institutions and By Mr. PLOESER: Twenty-seventh Legislature of the State of other places." H. J. Res. 90. Joint re·solution to provide Wyoming, memorializing the Congress of the for an investigation and study by the Fed­ United States of America to extend the time MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE eral Trade Commission of plans and prob­ within which the States of , Wyo­ A message from the House of Repre­ lems with respect to the effective post-war ming, and North Dakota may negotiate and enter into a compact or agreement for divi­ sentatives, by Mr. Taylor, its enrolling operation"' of our economic system; to th~ sion of the waters of the Yellowstone River clerk, announced that the House had dis..; Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com· agreed to the amendments of the Senate merce. to June 1, 1947; to the Committee on Irriga­ By Mr. LUDLOW: _ tion and Reclamation. to the bill

hires labor, he has to pay for it out of production of any a.grtcultural commodity ~ sent the matter to them. They w111 his own pocket, and he does not hire forj;h in local board ·release No. 164 -of tl:;le Tender final judgment whether he is Selective Serv-ice .System as being a commodity a single man more than he needs at any essential to the war effort. · more valuable on the farm than he time. would be working in a war industry in Mr. VANDENBERG. That is un­ That is the way we state it-"substan­ town. doubtedly so, but the Senator can see tially full time." Mr. TAFT. ·That is what I do not un­ what I am trying to get at. I may have I shall state the way the formula of the derstand. · I do not think the bill is used an unfortunate illustration. Let Senator from Wyoming works out. It is clear as to· whether a man who is mar­ me use the 1llustration of a man in town a complicated, confused, mathematical ried and deferred on the ground of de­ who, when his draft number is up, wants formula, the production of the "brain pendency is covered by this bill or is not to do anything he can in order to avoid trust." covered by it. service under the draft; all he has to WAR UNIT Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. He is do is to get a job on the farm, and he A war unit is a measure of production of covered by it. Of course, every farmer, is safe under the language of the pro­ essential farm products. In the attached -every registrant, is covered by it; it is all­ posal. table essential farm .products _are given a inclusive. Whether a farmer has two Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. He ·relative value in terms elf war units. The following, for example, are each equivalent children and a wife -would not make a would have to remain on the farm. to one war unit: 1 milk cow, 20 ;feed lot cat­ particle of difference. Mr. VANDENBERG. 'For how long? tle, 1 acre in beets, 5 acres in dry beans, 20 Mr. TAFT. Would the Senator say Mr. JOHNSON of -colorado. When­ acres in wheat, 1 acre in carrots, and so forth. that the intention of the bill is to treat a ever he quit the job on the farm he man who is deferred for dependency just would have to go to his draft board anrl CONVERSlON FACTOR as if he were a single man so far as say­ The conversion factor is the percentage report. What we want him to do is to that a given product, whether it be a single ing to him, "You can stay on the farm stay on the farm and "hit ~ the ball.'' animal or a ·single acre of special type pro­ or go into the Army" is concerned? Mr. VANDENBERG. All he has to do duction, bears to a war unit, for example: Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. So far as is to remain on the farm and he is ex­ ·1 acre 01 wheat is 0.05 of a war unit; 1 acre of this bill is concerned, that is true. The empt. onions is 1.00 of a war unit; · acre of strrw­ question is not exactly as the Senator Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. He has berries is 1.50 of a war unit, and so forth. states it, "stay on the farm or go into to work at the production of essential The number of acres given to a certain type the Army." He has another oppor­ of production or the number of a;nitn_als of _commodities; that is all he has to do. a specified type multiplied by t he conversion tunity; he can go to town and go into In that sense he does not have to go !actor results in the wal' unit value, for ex.~m­ industry, if the board approves such a into the draft; but we have to have ple: 3 range cattle multiplied by the co.nver­ change. men on the farms. sion factor of 0.07 resl.llts in a 0.21 war unit; Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. 'President, will 19 acres of Irish potatoes multiplied by the the Senator yield? the Senator yield? conversion factor of 0.50 is equivalent to 9.60 Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield The PRESIDING O.FFICER. Does the war units, and so forth. first to the Senator from Montana. .Senator from Colorado yield to the Sen­ There is the difference between the Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I was ator from Wyoming? · O'Mahoney approach and the Bankhead .about to say that it seems to me that Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. . appr.oach. The Senator from Alabama under the O'Mahoney amendment the Mr. 0 1MAHONEY. The question says "substantially full time on a farm in farmer has to come to Washington and which was addressed to the Senator from. connection with the production of feod get a clearance from the Department of Colorado•J>y the Senator from Michigan that is needed in the war etiort." The Agriculture, as I understand the amend­ pointed directly at the divergence be­ O'Mahoney amendment goes back to the ment. tween the amendment now -otiered by the unit rule. It is a difficult formul-a, and I _Mr. O'MAHONE.Y. I am sure the Sen­ Senator from Colorado and the amend­ suppose when the farmer reads it he will ator from Colorado will say that that is ment which is reco.llliD;ended by the say, "I had rather go into the Army than not .the case. minority of the Committee on ·Military try to figure out this provision." Mr. WHEELER. That is true if I read Atiairs. That amendment takes -careful Mr. TAF'l' and Mr. WHEELER ad- it correctly. It provides: consideration of the_individual contribu­ dressed the Chair. Provided further, That the Secretary of tion of each individual registrant to the - The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does Agriculture may from tl.m.e to time certify to production of an essential commodity. the Senator from Colorado yield; and the Selective Service System-- It makes the difference between a bro.ad if so, to whom? Mr. O'MAHONEY. That is in the sub... occupational -deferment to which the Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield ·Senator objects, and_a deferment, which first to the Senator from Ohio, who was stitute offered by the Senator from Colo· is based upon the individual.contribution on his feet first. rado. of each individual registrant to the pro­ Mr. TAFT. I should like to ask a Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. This is duction of an essential agricultural com­ question as to the application of this to the language for which the Senator is modity. When that condition exists a farmer who is married and deferre

previously possessed but we brfng in 1 The second is that the legislation Mr. PEPPER. Does that apply to the other supplies for them. should be fair as between man and man number of cows a farmer has to milk, . We expect to take considerable terri­ in regard to the duty to perform mili­ the number of hands he shall use in milk­ tory during the next mo.nths, and un­ tary service. ing, and matters of that nature? Are doubtedly will, and as we take territory The third is that it must be fair to they laid down in the circular? we must step in and feed the citizens of agriculture, upon which such imperative Mr. O'MAHONEY. The proper stand­ the countries we occupy. We want to do demands are being made at the present ard is laid down. it and we will do it. It will require im­ time. Mr. PEPPER. Assuming that I am in mense quantities of. food. Leaving out the first principle, I am error about that,· the other question is Then, in regard to the beef, the people afraid that the proposed legislation does whether or not these criteria would of the country· have· more money now not deal fairly as between man and man exempt a man who should be exempt to than ever before. There is practically in respect to their several obligations to carry on the farm operation. What is no unemployment in this country; perform military service. As the able the standard to be applied to an indi­ Workers have money to buy beef. They Senator from Michigan [Mr. VANDEN­ vidual worker on the farm to determine do not use substitutes for beef. They BERG] has said, if a man went from the whether or not the farm could e;.et along take the real thing. Our Army i.:; using city to the farm and obtained a job he without him? Would the Senator say an immense quantity of beef, and we are would be exempt by virtue of the pro­ that there may not be cases in which a trying to get some. for lend-lease pur­ posed legisl?,tion. As I understand, all worker could be spared, and that in every poses. As a result, even though we are ·that the bill or the O'Mahoney amend­ case on every farm every man not yet in a statistically 'good position, so far as ment does is to reguire that a man be drafted should be deferred? cattle are concerned, we are in a -bad engaged substantially in the perform­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I have situation because of the great demand. ance of farm work. That does not mean been a farmer all my life, and I have Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, may I that he must be diligent, or do a good never hired a . man for 1 minute .whom ask the Gena tor .a further question? job, or necessarily be faithful in the per­ I did not need. I believe the answer to Mr. JGHNSON of Colorado. I yield. formance of his work. the question of the Senator from Florida Mr. BARKLEY. I glanced' over the Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will will have to be left to the judgment of Secretary's testimony in which he de­ the . Senator from Colorado yield? I the farmer. As I have already stated, the tails the agricultural situation in some­ must interrupt the Senator from Florida farmer is not operating on a cost-plus what pessimistic terms, but I do not find at this point. basis. where he advocates this bill. What Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. Mr. PEPPER. If I correctly under­ would .the Senator say with respect to Mr. O'MAHONEY. The characteriza­ his position on the bill now before the stand, it is not left to the judgment of tion which has been employed by the dis­ the farmer. Senate? tinguished Senator from Florida does not Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I do not apply to the minority amendment. I Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. If a farm know that he was asked about this par- think that should be clear. laborer is working for a farmer, so long ticular bill. . That is the substantial difference be­ as the laborer remains on the farm and Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, I will tween the amendment offered by the Sen­ works for the farmer, he is deferred. say that naturally the Secretary did not ator from Colorado [Mr. JOHNSON l and Mr. PEPPER. .Regardless of whether want to make any statement in direct the one offered by the minority. The the farmer can get along without him? conflict with the attitude of the President minority amendment would require a Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The or the administration, but the Secretary minimum of individual contribution. farmer can determine whether he can said that no more men should be taken The amendment offered by the Senator get along without the man. from the farms. from Colorado would not. Mr. PEPPER. As I understand the Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; I saw that state­ Mr. PEPPER. I have the language language of the bill which the able Sen­ ment. of the O'Mahoney amendment before me. ator is now sponsoring, it contemplates Mr. BANKHEAD. He agrees to the It reads as follows: a blanket deferment, and a man could principle of the bill, whether he approves That for the purposes of this subsection, not be taken away from the farm unless it in this form or not. He gives warning a registrant shall be found by his selective­ he requested his selective service board that this situation is growing worse all service local board to be necessary to and to allow him to go somewhere else. Is the time; that we cannot hope to have regularly engaged in an agricultural occupa­ that not correct? as much production as we had last year, tion or endeavor essential to· the war effort Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; that not only because of the shortage of labor (1) if he is engaged substantially full time is not entirely correct. A man must be but because of the shortage of farm im­ in the production of agricultural commodities making his living of! the farm and must plements and the fact that the best certified to the Selective Service System by be engaged in the production of certain workers, the young men on the farm, the Secretary of Agriculture as being essential to the war effort and set forth in local board specified farm commodities. have gone and the· replacements are not release No. 164, effective January 16, 1943, Mr. PEPPER. I invite the Senator's equal to the. ones who have gone. He and (2) if the production of such commod­ attention to the following language: points out· that we cannot get as much ities attributable to such registrant- production per man this year as we had Until January 1, 1944, every registrant- last year. With all these factors he Mr. O'MAHONEY. That makes it in­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. That is positively asserts that no more men dividual contribution. not the amendment that is before us at should be taken from the farms this year. Mr. PEPPER. Indeed, it does not. if the present time. A substitute has been Mr. PEPPER. Will the Senator from I read it correctly. Let me finish the offered for that amendment, and we are Colorado yield? clause- now discussing the latest Bankhead Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield and (2) if the production of such com­ amendment. to the Senator from Florida. modities attributable to such registrant is at Mr. PEPPER. The language in italics Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, my least equal to the minimum standard pro­ duction per person as set forth in such release in Senate bill 729 is not now before the sentiments are somewhat the same as No. 164. Senate? those expressed by our able leader [Mr. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No. BARKLEY]. I have just returned from Does the Senator believe that that re­ Mr. PEPPER. Will the Senator kindly my State, and I know there is a very quires the individual worker to turn out a - refer to the language and indicate the severe and acute shortage of labor. The certain amount of work a day, a week, or a standard with respect to the .need of the State is engaged primarily in the pro­ month? individual person on the farm? duction of food. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Absolutely; it re­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I will It seems to me that in considering quires the production of the minimum in­ read the language: legislation of the nature proposed three dividual contribution set forth in release Every registrant who is engaged or em­ principles should be apparent. The first No.164, and because it does, certain Mem­ ployed substantially full time on a farm in is that the country should be dealt with bers of the Senate object to it. They connection with the production or harvest­ fairly, because the military forces have want to eliminate the second qualifi­ ing of any agricultural commodit)' set forth their imperative needs. cation. in local board release No. 164- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1719 That release lists all the essential farm farm boys on the farms and in the jobs with him that that should be done. It commodities important to the war in­ where they are now, without any regard should be done for the simple reason that dustry, and nothing else. to the wages which they are being paid anyone who views the present picture Mr. PEPPER. So it is not required that in the jobs they now occupy. I am in knows that at the present time we are the particular person be found by a dis­ favor of the principle of occupational having to furnish food to Russia; and, as interested agency to be essential to the deferment. I think we should have had a matter of fact, Russia has indicated, operation of the farm. There are many it from the beginning. Not only should as I understand from reliable authority, sons of farmers throughout the country industrial occupational deferment be that at the present time she is more who have no more right to be deferred provided for by a board which knows anxious to have food shipped to her than than have the sons of other farmers who something about industry, but agricul­ to have equipment. We are having to have gone to war. If a farmer can ob­ tural deferment should be taken care of ship food to north Kfrica, riot only to tain another man to take the place of by a committee or agency which knows our armies, but to the armies of other his son, or if the father is not sick. and something about the needs of agricul­ nations there, and also for the natives. can carry on the farm operation, why ture. As I understand, in England the In addition, we have to send food to should the Congress, without giving any­ authorities do not freeze a worker in a Great Britain. That food is being sold one any discretion to pass upon a par­ factory unless they fl.re satjsfied about in the stores there, a~ has been pointed ticular case, say that the boy on the the wage rate and the working condi­ out here. We are sending food all over farm shall be deferred? tions in the factory. We know very the world to keep people from starving Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. If he is well that there are places in this coun­ and to keep them friendly. producing substantial amounts of the try where the wages which farm labor­ We have to send food abroad to feed food supplies which the country needs, ers receive are pitiful. In some sections our soldiers. Furthermore, we are the he ought to be deferred. of my State farm wages have barely arsenal of democracy, and we are trying Mr. PEPPER. He ought not to be de­ reached $3 a day. to furnish a part of the equipment needed ferred if someone else can be put in his I am not sure that it is altogether fair by Russia. We have sent Russia over a place. to a farm boy who is diligent and faith­ billion dollars' worth of equipment. We Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Merely ful in the performance of his duties to are not only helping to equip the Russian because he is the son of a farmer, that compel him to accept any rate of wage Army, the British Army, the Chinese should be no reason for not deferring which a farmer may be willing· to pay Army, our Army in north Africa, the him. him, or which he may have been willing French Army in north Africa, and our Mr. PEPPER. Does the Senator re­ to accept for work in the past, and say armed forces elsewhere, but we are ship­ gard the pending bill as one which would to him that he cannot leave that par­ ping equipment to South America and be of very much help to the farmer if it ticular job and accept employment we are shipping machinery to Russia. were passed? where he would be paid more-essen­ We are undertaking to do that, and at Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Indeed I tially out of the public treasury of his the same time we are undertaking to do, or I should not be trying to have it country-than he has been receiving on raise an armed force of 11,000,000 men. passed. the farm. As I have already said, we The truth about it-and we ought to Mr. PEPPER. Would the bill give the should be fair as between man and man. face it-is that we are not going to be farmers all the assistance the Senator I do not believe it is fair to a farm boy able to furnish men to go to work on wants to give them in cultivating and to allow a neighbor's son to work in an the farms in Florida, in Montana, and harvesting their crops? airplane or tank factory and receive $8 in California; we are not going to be able Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I am not to $10 a day, or work in a shipyard and to furnish the men needed by our fac­ trying to give the farmers anything. I receive $300 a month, while the first boy tories that are turning out war equip­ am trying to do something which will is frozen by law and reQuired to work ment, and we are not going to be able result in the production of food for the on the farm and receive not more than to have enough food to feed the people people of the United States, for our $1.50 or $2 a day when he is able to of Europe when we go into Europe, so armed forces, and to fulfill our respon­ make more. that we can keep the people of Europe sibilities in enemy territory. I believe those factors are entitled to and of other foreign countries from Mr. PEPPER. I am entirely in sym­ consideration, and I am afraid that un­ "going Communist," unless we have a pathy with the objectives of the bill, but der the terms of the able Senator's bill surplus of food in the United States. what I am suggesting is that it is only a discretion is not vested in anybody to We are the richest and the most pow­ · partial solution of the problem. In some make fair adjustments as between man erful Nation on the face of the globe. cases it may actually do injustice, in and man. I am afraid the committee We all admit it, and everyone recognizes favor of one man as against someone has not gone quite far enough to take it. However, regardless of how rich or who has already gone to war. comprehensive steps which would guar­ how powerful we may be, we are not I mean to suggest, with apologies to antee labor to the farmers. I agree that going to be able to keep all those people the Senator and in compliment to the it is the job of the Food Administrator to supplied with food and clothes and spirit of the proposed legislation, that see to it that the farmer has labor, but equipment, and at the same time fight a I do not believe it would guarantee labor this· bill would not accomplish that end. war and raise an Army of 11,000,000 to tl~e farmer. The farm labor problem Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres­ men. We must not only raise this huge in Florida would not be solved if we ident, of course we differ with the Sena­ armed force but we must send them to the should pass the pending bill. I should tor from Florida with regard to the effec­ four corners of the world, and build the like to see the able Senator and his com­ tiveness of the bill. We know it will help ships in which to send them there. The mittee and the very able and distin­ and will provide labor on the farms; and failure to realize that is what is funda­ guished Senator who is responsible for we know the importance of producing mentally wrong today in connection with the bill try to draft more comprehensive food for the Army. In my opinion, as I the production of our food supply. legislation which would guarantee an have already stated, it is just as im­ I agree with the Senator from Missouri adequate supply of labor to the farmer portant to produce food as it is to carry when he says that we are locking the and give proper discretion to some one­ a gun, and there is no difference be­ door after the horse is stolen. The boys either the agricultural representatives in tween the two services so far as the war on the farms have left. Single men and a given county or to the draft board­ effort is concerned. married men have left the farms of Mon­ to pass on particular cases so that in­ Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, will tana; they have left the farms all over justice would not be done anyone. the Senator yield? the country. They have left them to go Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. As the Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. into factories in Seattle, Portland, Los Senator from Florida has said, the pend­ Mr. WHEELER. The Senator from Ang~les, and San Diego, in Connecticut, ing bill may not be a cure-all. We may Florida [Mr. PEPPER] said we should anti Massachusetts. They have left them realize only a part of the results we are work out a comprehensive plan so that because the factories are paying higher hoping for; but it would certainly be of the farmers in Florida and the farmers wages. No one objects to their receiv-' some value. in California and the farmers in Mon­ ing high wages; but some of the manu­ Mr. PEPPER. With the permission tana and the farmers throughout the facturers who are operating on a cost­ of the Senator I should like to make other sections of the country may be as­ plus basis have more men than they one further comment. We are freezing sured of having sufficient help. I agree need; and the more they pay them and 1720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE - MARCH 9 the more men they have, the more money about disaster to our own system of gov­ married men who are raising families; they receive. Under those circumstances ernment. because if we do not do so we shall de­ we are not going to do the job we should We have gone about the job in a hodge. stroy homes and shall adversely a:trect do. podge way. Probably no one is particu· children; and in addition to all that, the The other day the New York Times larly to blame for that; we are all to fathers who are taken into the armed published a very potent editorial, which blame for it. Someone has blamed the forces will not make good soldiers, any­ I had printed in the RECORD. If the local draft boards. They are not to way. Senator will pardon me- blam: for the situation. They were told I shall vote for some kind of legisla­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. to get so many men, and they went out tion on this subject, but I fear that what President, I should like to proceed with and got them. we may enact will not do the work which the matter I have been discussing. Let me say that I have prepared an we desire to have done. Mr. WHEELER. If the Senator will amendment which I think I shall o:trer Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Presi­ yield further for a moment, I simply de­ to the pending bill, providing that mar· dent, I sincerely hope the Senator will sire to call attention to the editorial ried men with children shall be exempt· not o:trer his amendment with relation to which was published in the New York ed. Why do I favor doir.~.J so? Simply family deferment. Times. Certainly the New York Times because of the fact that when we draft I promised to yield to the Senator from has suppo:>. ted the administration's farm young married men we seriously a:trect Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] very briefly and policy all down the line. It could not be the welfare of their wives and children. then to the Senator from North Dakota. classified by the Vice President or any­ Someone has said that we should be fair, After that, I should like to proceed. I one else as being isolationist. EVen and that we should not exempt anyone desire to speak only for a few minutes Walter Winchell could not classify it as by law. However, the President of the longer, and I should like to finish. I an isolationist publication. It was one United States exempted some persons. I now yield to the Senator from Iowa. of the strongest supporters of the ad· am not criticizing him; but I say he ex­ Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I dis­ ministration's foreign policy, and prob· empted men between the a 1es of 38 and like to interrupt the Senator, but I have ably was more of an interventionist than 45 years. He did so by Executive order. heard several Senators this afternoon even the President himself. Yet the New He said that such men should not be express great concern over the evils of York Times has taken the position that taken, whether they are single men or group deferment, and I thought it would an c:trmy of 11,000,000 men may be too married men with dependent children or be well to remind them that in the origi­ large. It calls attention to its position otherwise. Why should we exempt a nal selective service we deferred 20 or 25 in an editorial entitled "The Size of the single man between the ages of 38 and 45 groups, and one of the outstanding Army." The editorial is one of the long. years? When we talked to the repre­ groups deferred as a group is made up est editorials which have been published sentatives of the Army who appeared be. of Members of the Congress of the United in that newspaper in a long time. The fore our committees they said that single States. editorial calls attention to the fact that men between the ages of 38 and 45 years Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I thank an army of 5,000,000 men may be more should be exempted because a great the Senator for that contribution. I e:trective than an army of 10,000,000 or many of them broke down and had to be think it is a complete answer to those 11,000,000. It is one of the strongest and sent to hospitals after they were trained who are greatly disturbed by blanket best and most recent editorials relative for active service and were made to deferment. Now I yield to the Senator to the whole situation I have seen any. march 20 miles while carrying a heavy from North Dakota. where. It states that the fact that a man pack, and that of course they could not Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, the is in favor of a small army is no reason stand up under such service. Senator from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] has why he should be considered to be sug.­ However, we shall have to use more made the statement I was going to make. gesting that he wants a soft war-noth· than a million men in our army, not in Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I shall ing of the kind-but that he wants an combat service, but in doing mechanical proceed with the bill. I have only a e:trective army. work, in service at the airports, and so little more to o:trer. The Tydings . Everyone who visits the camps and forth. A million or a million and a half amendment, in my opinion, was enacted who has traveled over the country knows men will be needed in such work. Men in good faith. It was thought at the that there is a waste of manpower in the between the ages of 38 and 45 years em· time it would solve the problem. I factories and also in the bureaus in ployed in such work are doing a hard thought it would solve it; I thought it Washington. Go down to any one of day's work. They are being taken into was a great achievement and a marked them-! care not which may be se· the service; but if a married man with step forward; I thought the farmers lected-there will be found employees dependent children is taken in, will his would be given an opportunity to remain falling all over themselves-some of them mind be on the war e:trort? When he is on the farm and that the adoption of the single men, others married men whose stationed at a camp, what kind of a sol­ amendment would result in keeping men wives are working and drawing large sal· dier will he make? What will he be on the farm. Unfortunately, it has not aries and wages. There is no justifica· thinking about? He will be thinking worked in that way. I have received tion for that situation. about the mother and his children. numerous telegrams and letters on this That is one reason why we have a By way of illustration let me point out subject. I have picked out 3 from my shortage of farm workers; and the short· that I have working in my office two correspondence, because I received them age will continue regardless of whether young men-- today and because they come from 3 dif· or not we pass the pending bill. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres· ferent quarters of my State. First, I I shall vote for the bill, but I simply ident, I must proceed with my remarks. read a telegram received this morning say that we should n...>t delude ourselves Mr. WHEELER. I assure the Senator from the southeastern section of Colo· by believing that the passage of the bill that I shall finish in a moment or two. rado addressed to me: wlll solve the problem; for it will not The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the RoCKY FORD, COLO., March 9, 1943. solve it. Nothing else will solve it, and Senator from Colorado yield further to Senator EDWIN C. JoHNSON, it will grow worse and worse if we at· the Senator from Montana? Washington, D. C.: tempt to raise an Army of 11,000,000 Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I do not Say, Ed., who in Washington outranks a men. Someone has said, "We should do want to yield very much longer. I will local draft board? Saturday by radio and whatever the military authorities say." yield in order to hear the Senator's story, Sunday by Associated Press we are told that local boards are to defer farm workers. It The New York Times says that the pres· Mr. WHEELER. I merely want to took a big load off my mind, and thought that ent problem is not simp:~· a military one, finish what I was saying. As I said, two all we had to do now was to go ahead anc.l and that in figuring out what we should young men are now working in my office. feed the Army. The time of the year to plant do and what size Army we should have Each of them is married and has two is here and we are all ready to start planting we must take into consideration the children. When those young men are onions and beets and carrots. And now I am _needs of agriculture, the needs of our taken into the Army, their wives will have advised by the local draft board's attorney war production in munitions factories, to go to work in order to support the that the press report was baloney. and the over-all picture throughout the children, and the children will have to be G. A. BLOTZ. country. If we do not take all those fac· placed il;l some kind of an institution. Mr. Blatz is weil known to me as a. tors into consideration we shall bring I say that we should exempt the young farmer in the Arkansas Valley. He l94R CON.GRESSIONAL REC0'RD-SENA.TE 1721

fM'll'ls a very lal'g~ a~rea~e •. atrd'.· is· "'Ve:DY of1 g-etting away from it: They.' take in dividuals-a.nd have everbeen·anxious to sincere in: his statements, I now· readt one neighl:)or.'s boy,.·but here- is· anothe11 pass over unsound and' unwise and. some­ from a letter l' teaeived· fr.otn D~alilg burden• from the sponsibility, and while war makes it nee· Colo!: shoulde'ts df the local selective- service essary. that we delegate"' great powers to John Cra1g, clerk· or our' lbca1 draft" board, boards. They can depend' upon the­ the. €hief Executive; which' he: in turn said1 that the farm· draft'--defei"fnent tftllt was mandatory direction contained in· tliis delegates to., ceiitaih of the departments mbstly propaganda. or '1eandy- coating- t'o' ap bill' to· answer the· queries whieh· will of Oovernm·ent, When there is evidence pease the farmers." He n'ladEf~ 11gh.'t·· of the· come to tliem· from: their n~ighoors and that the· powers• al'e being abused.:-or whole affair and said that all• that is wanted frtends as' to Wh'y they took one boy' and when, mistakes- are obvious-we ate iS to defer the head• of• the- farm family. If diti not take another. We· must not chiefly to blame. if we-do· not insist upon Mr. Craig iS right,. farmers and the- general leave this matter to th~ir discretion be­ the correction of the abuses or mistakes. publlc certainly have been deceived: Busi­ If we, insist. that all young· men who ness pebpl'e Ji-ere alld other generally· well' cause· they· are under too mucJi pressure informed• people al'e under the impression to stand up under tliat sort'. of a discre.­ ha-ve been. engaged•in · agricultur-e or any that farmertt and tlieir. sons an"tl' other- f'8.l'm tionary power. They ha'Ve taken boys other of. the great industries of our. coun­ workers ar.e tcrbe deferred~ JUst an.y. numbeJ.'. all' oVe't ' the- c head of triaL and error;. Heaven knaws. we Most senators- know: tf.rat tJ:tousands of cattle, 9,600· sheep. and 300 hogs: I asked hav.e had. our full share of: that. NO f&il' young. men from the farms liave tempo­ fol' exemption· of only;·+ men; one· of them 36 person w.oufd deny. that inr connection rar-ilY atian'don«:rd thetr·agrtcultural pur­ years old and. mar.ried, This one they just with the. manufacture of the. munit1ons suits tcr engage·irr the- manufacture' of the put in 1-A is f of t'lie 4. ! don't see. how of. war and, the rationing of food· and· munitions ot -war. I§ it fair, because· of I can run· with a~ · less expertenced' men. :t' other products' and material& evr.ots are this migrati

appointed as administrator within the dis­ ARTICLE XI The Convention shall take effect tn all tts cretion of a court or other agency controlling 1. A consular officer of either High Con­ provisions the thirtieth day after the day of the administration of estates, provided the tracting Party shall have the right to in­ the exchange of ratifications and shall con­ laws of the place where the estate is admin­ spect within the ports of the other High Con­ tinue in force for the term of five years. istered so permit. tracting Party within his consular district, 2. If, six months before the expiration of 3. Whenever a consular otncer accepts the the private vessels of any flag destined to and the aforesaid period of five years, the Gov­ office of administrator of the estate of a de­ about to clear for ports of his country, for ernment of neither High Contracting Party ceased countryman, he subjects himself in the sole purpose of observing the sanitary shall have given notice to the Government of that capacity to the jurisdiction of the court conditions and measures taken on board such the other High Contracting Party of an in­ or other agency making the appointment for vessels, in order that he may be enabled there­ tention of modifying by change or omission all necessary purposes to the same extent as by to execute intelligently bills of health and any of the provisions of any of the Articles of if he were a national of the State by which other documents required by the laws of his this Convention or of terminating the Con­ he has been received. country and to inform his Government con­ vention upon the expiration of the aforesaid period of five years the Convention shall con­ ARTICLE IX cerning the extent to which its sanitary reg­ ulations have been observed at ports of de­ tinue in effect after the aforesaid period and 1. A consular officer of either High. Con­ until six months from the date on which parture by vessels destined to one of its ports, tracting Party shall within his district have the Government of either High Contracting the right to appear personally or by author­ with a view to facilitating entry of such ves­ Party shall have notified to the Government ized representative in all matters concern­ sels, provided that the captain of the vessel of the other High Contracting Party an inten­ ing the administration and distribution of shall have requested of the consular otncer tion of modifying or terminating the Con­ the estate of a deceased person under the the issuance or visa of the appropriate bill vention. jurisdiction of the local authorities, for all of health. In witness whereof the respective Plenipo­ such heirs or legatees in the estate, either 2. In exercising the right conferred upon tentiaries have signed this Convention and minors or adults, as may be nonresidents of them by this Article, consular otncers shall have hereunto atnxed their seals. the country and nationals of the State by act with all possible despatch and without Done in duplicate in the English and Span­ which the consular otncer was appointed, unneceEsary delay. ish languages, in the City of Mexico, on this unless such heirs or legatees have appeared, ARTICLE Xll 12th day of the month of August, 1942. either 1n person or by authorized representa­ G. S. MESSERSMITH (SEAL) tives. 1. All proceedings relative to the salvage E. PADILLA (SEAL) 2. A consular officer of either High Con­ of vessels of either High Contracting Party tracting Party may on behalf of his non­ wrecked upon the coasts of the other High, Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, the resident countrymen collect and receipt for Contracting Party shall be directed by the . Committee · on Foreign Relations very their distributive shares derived from estates consular officer of the country to which the carefully considered the convention, and in process of probate or accruing under the vessel belongs and within whose district the reported it favorably. I do not op­ provisions of so-called Workmen's Compen­ wreck may have occurred, or by some other pose it. sation Laws or other like statutes, for trans­ person authorized for such purpose by the law of such country and whose identity shall The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mission through channels prescribed by his is Government to the proper distributees, pro­ be made known to the local authorities by convention before the Senate and open vided that the court or other agency making the consular officer. to amendment. If there be no amend­ distribution through him may require him 2. The local authorities of the receiving ment to be proposed, the convention will to furnish reasonable evidence of the remis­ State shall immediately inform the consular be reported to the Senate. sion of the funds to the distributees. officer, or the other authorized person to . The convention was reported to the whom reference is made in the foregoing ARTICLE X paragraph, of the occurrence, and shall in Senate without amendment. the mean time take all necessary measures The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 1. A consular otncer shall have exclusive resolution of ratification will be read. jurisdiction over controversies arising out of for the protection of persons and the preser­ · the internal order of private vessels of his vation of the wrecked property. Such au­ The legislative clerk read as follows: country, and shall alone exercise jurisdiction thorities shall intervene only to maintain Resolved (two-thirds of the Senators pres­ in situations, wherever arising, between otn­ order, to protect the interests of the salvors, ent concurring therein), That the Senate cers and crews, pertaining to the enforce­ if the salvors do not belong to the crew of the advise and consent to the ratification of ment of discipline on board, provided the wrecked vessel, and to ensure the.. execution Executive D, Seventy-seventh Congress, sec­ vessel and the persons charged with wrong­ of the arrangements which shall be made for ond session, a convention between the doing shall have entered territorial waters the entry and exportation of the salvaged United States of America and Mexico de­ or a port within his consular district. Con­ merchandise, such merchandise not to be fining the duties, rights, privileges, exemp­ sular officers shall also have jurisdiction over subjected to any customs charges unless in­ tions, and immunities of consular officers of issues concerning the adjustment of wages tended for subsequent consumption in the each country in the territory of the other and the execution of labor contracts of the country where the wreck has occurred. country, signed at Mexico City on August 12, crews; provided that their intervention will 3. When the wreck occurs within a port, 1942. have a conclliatory character, without au­ there shall be observed also those arrange­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The thority to settle disputes which may arise. ments which may be ordered by the local This jurisdiction shall not exclude the juris­ authorities with a view to avoiding any dam­ question is on agreeing to the resolution diction conferred on the respective local au­ age that might otherwise be caused thereby of ratification. (Putting the question.) thorities under existing or future laws of the to the port and to other ships. Two-thirds of the Senators present con­ place. 4. The inte_rvention of .the local authori­ curring therein, the resolution of ratifi­ 2. When an act committed on board a pri­ ties shall occasion no expense of any kind cation is agreed to, and the convention vate vessel under the flag of the State by to the owners or operators of the vessels, ex­ is ratified. which the consular officer has been appointed cept such expenses as may be caused by the RECESS and within the territory or the territorial operations of salvage and the preservation of waters of the State by which he has been the goods saved, together with expenses that Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ received constitutes a crime according to the would be incurred under similar circum­ sion I move that the Senate take a re­ laws of the receiving State, subjecting the stances by vessels of the country. cess until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. person guilty thereof to punishment as a ARTICLE XIII The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 criminal, the consular officer shall not exer­ o'clock and 42 minutes p. m.) the Sen­ cise jurisdiction except in so far as he is per­ Honorary Consuls or Vice Consuls, 1\S the ate took a recess until tomorrow, mitted to do so by the local law. case may be, shall enjoy, in addition to all the rights, privileges, exemptions, immuni­ Wednesday, March 10, 1943, at 12 o'clock 3. A consular otncer may freely invoke the noon. assistance of the local police authorities in ties and obligations enjoyed by honorary any matter pertaining to the maintenance of consular otncers of the same rank of the most internal order on board a vessel under the favored nation, those rights, privileges, ex­ NOMINATIONS flag of his country within the territory or the emptions, immunities and obligations pro­ Executive nominations received by the territorial waters of the State by which he vided for in paragraph 3 of article I and in Senate March 9, 1943: has been received, and upon such request the articies V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII requisite assistance shall be given. of the present Convention, for which they DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE 4. A consular otncer may appear with the have received authority in conformity to the The following-named persons now Foreign officers and crews of vessels under the flag laws of the State by which they are ap­ Service otncers of class 7 and secretaries in of his country before the judicial authorities pointed. the Diploma tic Service to be also consuls of of the State by which he has been received ARTICLE XIV the United States of America: for the purpose of observing proceedings or 1. This Convention shall be ratified and Fritz A. M. Alfsen. of New York. of rendering assistance as an interpreter or the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged Aubrey E. Lippincott, of Arizona.. agent. in the City of Mexico. H. Bartlett Wells, of New Jersey. ~943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1729 WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION IN THE ARMY heart and yet with its greater heartache, Albert L. Nickerson, from the State of APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR lead us to apply the cooling balm to Massachusetts, to be Director, Bureau of ARMY feverish pain and fear. Bless us with the Placement, at $8,000 per annum, in the Wash­ To Finance Department ington office of the War Manpower Com­ spirit of humble service and cause us to mission. First Lt. Percival Stanley Brown follow in the ways of a beautiful humility Denton 0. Rushing, from the State of To Air Corps and nobility of soul. Dear Lord, we wait Arkansas, to be field supervisor, at $4,600 per Second Lt. Leroy Hugh Watson, Jr. at the altar; the times are nervously sen­ annum, in the Kansas City regional office of sitive; we urgently pray that Try serv­ the War Manpower Commission. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY ants may heed Thy word: "Wisdom Joseph Earl Smith, from the State of Ohio, To be colonels, Medical Corps resteth in the heart of him who hath un­ to be area director, at $4,600 per annum, in Edward Augustus Coates, Jr. derstanding and the tongue of the wise the Youngstown area office of the War Man­ James Albertus Bethea power Commission (vice Marion A. Gregg, Asa Margrave Lehman useth knowledge aright." In the name transferred) . Oramel Henry Stanley of Him who manifested to the world the Lorentz E. Wormley, from the State of Sewell Munson Corbett glory of deathless love. Amen. California, to be senior training specialist, at Samuel Reily Norris Benjamin Norris The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ ~4 , 600 per annum, in the Portland area office terday was read and approved. of the War Manpower Commission. To be captains, Medical Corps POSTMASTERS David Paul Ward MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT FLORIDA Edwin Emmons Corcoran A message in writing from the Presi­ Evelyn C. Hunter, Neptune Beach, Fla. To be colonels, Veterinary Corps dent of the United States was communi­ Office became Presidential ~uly 1, 1942. Allen Chamberlain Wight cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of GEORGIA Elwood Luke Nye his secretaries, who also informed the :Mack B. Smith, Drybranch, Ga. Office be­ CHAPLAINS House that on the following dates the came Presidential July 1, 1942. To be captains President approved and signed a bill and Elvis L. Hopper, Hapevllle, Ga., in place of Roger Dace Russell a joint resolution of the House of the W. R. Conine, resigned. John Frederick Gaertner following titles: Stephen C. Tate, Tate, Ga .•. in place of May­ nard Mashburn, resigned. IN THE MARINE CORPS On February 19, 1943: APPOINTMENTS H. R. 1446. An act authorizing appropria­ ILLINOIS To be second lieutenants tions for the United States Navy for addi· Webster Hanna, Noble, Ill., in place of G. G. tional ship repair facilities, and for other Martin, deceased. John F. Coffey purposes. Andrew M. Zimmer On March 2, 1943: KENTUCKY William F. Mazlack H. J. Res. 82. Joint resolution to provide Carolyn V. Ducker, Butler, Ky., in place of Richard A. Kelly urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations C. 0. Ducker, resigned. Preston S. Marchant for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1943. Jackson C. Turnaclitr LOUISIANA EXTENSION OF REMARKS Clinton C. Barron, L111ie, La. Oflice became ros:rMASTERS Presidential July 1, 1942. · MISSOURI Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I ask MARYLAND Morris D. Greenwood, Fredericktown. unanimous consent to extend my re­ John H. Dickbrader, Washington. Mary Estelle Ennis, Joppa, Md. Office be­ marks in the RECORD and to include came Presidential July 1, 1942. OKLAHOMA therein a very interesting and timely article on lend-lease by Mr. Walter MASSACHUSETTS William T. Gaddis, Catoosa. WISCONSIN Lippmann, which appeared in this morn­ Patrick J. Connelly, Boston, Mass., in place ing's Washington Post. of P. F. Tague, deceased. Frances A. Hollister, Clinton. George C. Smith, Downing. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? OKLAHOMA William L. Lee, Drummond. There was no objection. Monroe Burton, Poteau, Okla., in place of Alphonse J. McGuire, Highland. LEND-LEASE Monroe Burton. Incumbent's commission ex­ Leone E. DeMuth, Hollandale. pired June 23, 1942. Letha G. Sherman, North Prairie. Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask OREGON Minnie 0. Bartelme, Okauchee. unanimous consent to address the House Paul A. Mills, Woodburn, Oreg., in place of Louis H. Schultz, Reedsburg. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my H. F. Butterfield, removed. Grover E. Falck, Seymour. remarks and include therein an article Louis H. Rivard, Turtle Lake. by Maj. Gen. C. M. Wesson. _ CONFIRMATIONS The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. · Executive nominations confirmed by [Mr. SNYDER addressed the House. the Senate March 9, 1943: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His remarks appear 'in the Appendix.] THE JUDICIARY TUESDAY, MARCH 9, 1943 BREAD-SLICING BAN UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS Curtis L. Waller to be judge of the United The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fifth The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ Circuit. · Montgomery, D. D., offered the following dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ prayer: vise and extend my remarks. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE The SPEAKER. Is there objection? DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Eternal God, our Father, we pray that There was no objection. Thurman W. Arnold to be an associate we may love Thy ways with the full force Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. justice of the United States Court of Appeals of decision and purpose. In all crises let Speaker, when the American housewife for the District of Columbia. it be our settled aim to watch, lest any goes to the grocery today, she can again COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY idol have dominion over us. Bestow buy sliced bread as she bought it before TO BE HYDROGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC ENGINEERS upon us the spirit of devotion which shall the ban on bakery slicing was imposed WITH RANK OF LIEUTENANT COMMANDER FROM prove that it is just and good to obey Thy by Food Distribution Administration THE INDICATED DATES laws as taught by our Saviour. Order No.1 on January 18.' As you know, Leonard C. Johnson from March 1, 1943. 0 Thou who wert the pilot of the Food Administrator Wickard rescinded John Bowie, Jr., from March 1, 1943. Galilean Lake, the fountain of light of all the slicing ban yesterday. Ector B. Latham from March 1, 1943. George R. Shelton from March 16, 1943. our days, enable us to lift the galling Mr. Wickard deserves credit for acting Ira T. Sanders from March 24, 1943. burdens of grief and pain and hold high with good Hoosier horse sense in this Edward R. McCarthy from March 24, 1943. the torch of faith before the winding matter, and I want to be among the first Francis B. Quinn from March 24, 194.3. paths of clamor and strife. As we touch to congratulate him. I am confident he Emil H. Kirsch from March 26, 1943. life's throng an~ press with its great was not responsible for the order in the LXXXIX--110