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Systematische Studien Im Umkreis Von Athrixia Ker-Gawler (Asteraceae)

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Systematische Studien Im Umkreis Von Athrixia Ker-Gawler (Asteraceae) . © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 1 - Mitt. Bot .München 16 1 - 268 30.9.1980 ISSN 0006-8179 SYSTEMATISCHE STUDIEN IM UMKREIS VON ATHRIXIA KER-GAWLER (ASTERACEAE) von G. KRONER Inhaltsverzeichnis ALLGEMEINER TEIL 1 . Einleitung 3 2 . Material 4 3 . Historischer Überblick 5 4 • überblick zur Gattungsabgrenzung 8 5 Morphologie und Anatomie 9 Athrixia 9 Lepidostephium 13 Printzia 15 Asteridea 18 6. Morphologischer Vergleich von Athrixia und Printzia 22 7. Gründe für eine Trennung in Athrixia und Asteridea. 24 8. Die verwandtschaftliche Beziehung von Asteridea und Podolepis 28 9. Die Beziehungen von Athrixia zu Macowania, (Arrows- mithia) und Lepidostephium 29 a. Macowania und Arrovjsmithia 29 b Lepidostephium 31 c. Notwendige Neukombinationen 33 10. Abgrenzung der Gattungen und ihre verwandtschaftli- chen Beziehungen 34 11. Stellung der Gattungen im System der Inuleae 37 12. Tabellarische Übersicht über die wichtigsten Eigen- schaften von Macowania, Athrixia, Lepidostephium, Printzia, Asteridea, Podolepis und Leptorhynchus. 40 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 2 - SPEZIELLER TEIL Gattungsschlüssel 4 5 Athrixia Synonyme und Gattungsbeschreibung 4 6 Verbreitung und Ökologie 47 Schlüssel 49 Übersicht der einzelnen Arten, Gliederung der Sippen 52 Die einzelnen Arten 54 Spezies excludendae 101 Lepidostephium Gattungsbeschreibung 102 Verbreitung und Ökologie 103 Schlüssel 103 Die einzelnen Arten 104 Printzia Gattungsbeschreibung 108 Verbreitung und Ökologie 109 Schlüssel 110 Die einzelnen Arten 111 Asteridea Synonyme und Gattungsbeschreibung 1 29 Verbreitung und Ökologie 130 Übersicht der einzelnen Arten, Versuch einer Glie- derung 131 Schlüssel 132 Die einzelnen Arten 133 Abbildungen von Athrixia Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 146 Abbildungen 150 Karten 191 Abbildungen von Lepidostephium Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 197 Abbildungen 198 Karten 205 Abbildungen von Printzia Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 206 Abbildungen 209 Karten 231 Abbildungen von Asteridea Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 233 Abbildungen 236 Karten 255 Index collectorum 257 Zusammenfassung 264 Literaturverzeichnis 266 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 3 - ALLGEMEINER TEIL 1. Einleitung In "The Biology and Chemistxy of the Compositae" (ed. V. H. HEYWOOD et al., 1977) wird eine neue, auf modernen Methoden der Verwandschaftsforschung beruhende Darstellung der Compositen ge- geben. Zwar bleibt die seit BENTHAM und O. HOFFMANN übliche Ein- teilung in Triben im Wesentlichen erhalten, doch mußte einerseits eine Anzahl von Gattungen die Tribus Zugehörigkeit wechseln, anderer- seits werden innerhalb einer Tribus die Gattungen vielfach in einer völlig neuen Weise zu verwandtschaftlichen Gruppen angeordnet, d. h. die neue Untergliederung der Triben weicht von der bisher üblichen, oft viel zu schematisch nach einzelnen herausgegriffenen Merkmalen aufgestellten Gliederung erheblich ab. Bei der Bearbeitung der Tribus Inuleae (H. MERXMÜLLER et al. : Chapter 21, Inuleae-systematic review, p. 577 - 602) sprach Herr Prof. Dr. H. MERXMÜLLER, dem ich die Anregung zur vorliegenden Arbeit verdanke, die Vermutung aus, daß die Gattung Athrixia Ker-Gawler im bisherigen Sinn aus zwei verschiedenen Verwandtschaftskomplexen bestehe, d. h. daß die afrikanischen und die australischen Arten verschiedenen Gattungen zu- zurechnen seien, welche zudem untereinander nicht näher verwandt seien, sondern zu verschiedenen der neu aufgestellten "Subtriben" und "groups" gezählt werden müßten. Der Frage, ob diese neue Auffassung richtig ist und bewiesen werden kann, sollte in der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgegangen werden, wobei auch die Gattung Printzia Cass. in die Revision einbezogen wurde, da nahe Beziehungen zu den afrikanischen Athrixien vermutet worden waren. Ferner sollten die postulierten Beziehungen der aus- tralischen Athrixien zur Gattung Podolepis Labill. untersucht und die Stellung aller dieser Gattungen im neuen System geklärt werden. Bei der Bewältigung der Arbeit stand mir Herr Prof. Dr. H. MERXMÜLLER mit Anregung und Rat zur Seite, wofür ich herzlich danke. Dr. HILLIARD und Mr. B.L. BURTT (Edinburgh) halfen dan- kenswerter Weise mit Herbarmaterial und Auskünften, Prof. P. LEINS (Bonn) bei der Einführung in die Griffelanatomie und mit palynologischen Befunden. Mein Dank gilt auch den Mitarbeitern des Systematischen Instituts für ihre Hilfsbereitschaft, vor- nehmlich Herrn Dr. LIPPERT, der mir bei der Einarbeitung behilf- lich war sowie Herrn Dr. ROESSLER für die kritische Durchsicht des Entwurfs. Schließlich bedanke ich mich für die Betreuung während meiner Studienaufenthalte in den Herbarien Kew, Bri- tish Museum und Geneve sowie für die Übersendung von Herbar- material und Literatur durch die im nächsten Abschnitt aufge- führten Herbarien und Institute. : © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 4 - 2. Material Die Untersuchungen wurden ausschließlich an herbarisierten Pflanzen vorgenommen. Das Herbar material stammte aus folgenden Herbarien AD - Adelaide, State Herbarium of South Australia ADW - Adelaide, Waite Agricultural Research Institute BM - Lxandon, British Museum (Natural History) BOL - Cape Town, Bolus Herbarium CANB - Canberra, Herbarium Australiense CGE - Cambridge, University Herbarium, Botany School E - Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden G - Geneve, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Hauptherbar G-DC - Geneve, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Herbar DE CANDOLLE HBG - Hamburg, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik K - Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens KW - The Kholodniy Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR M - München, Botanische Staatssammlung MEL - Melbourne, National Herbarium of Victoria NBG - Cape Town, Compton Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch NSW - Sydney, National Herbarium of New South Wales PRE - Pretoria, Botanical Research Institute, National Herbarium S - Stockholm, Naturhistorika Riksmuseum SAM - Cape Town, South African Museum Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch SRGH - Salisbury, (Rhodesia), Föderal Herbarium TCD - Dublin, School of Botany, Trinity College UPS - Uppsala, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Uppsala Z - Zürich, Botanischer Garten und Institut für Systematische Botanik der Universität Die Abkürzungen der Herbarien erfolgen nach dem "Index Her- bariorum" (STAFLEU 1974). © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 5 - Historischer Überblick Athrixia (sensu lato) Die floristische Erforschung Südafrikas beginnt früher als die Australiens. In Südafrika aber nimmt sie im eigentlichen Kapgebiet ihren Anfang. Es werden deshalb zunächst aus der Kapregion Ver- treter der späteren Gattung Athrixia in Europa bekannt und be- schrieben. Als erster beschreibt LINNE (1760) eine Pflanze dieser Gattung. Er ordnet sie als Aster crinitus der Gattung Aster zu. THUNBERG (1823) führt seine Funde ebenfalls unter der Gattung Aster, nämlich als Aster heterophyllus bzw. Aster cri- nitus. Letzterer ist allerdings nicht mit LINNE 'S Aster crinitus identisch. Im Jahre 1823 stellt KER GAWLER eine Pflanze vor, deren sy- stematische Einordnung ihm nicht gelingt. Er begründet deshalb für die Sippe die neue Gattung Athrixia mit dem Epitheton capensis. Es handelt sich dabei um die gleiche Art, die THUNBERG als Aster crinitus beschrieben hat. KER GAWLER ordnet die Gattung Athri- xia in die Compositae labiatiflorae ein. LESSING (1832) nimmt Neukombinationen vor und gliedert das Genus Athrixia in 3 Subgenera : Unter dem Subgenus Luciloides erfaßt er THUNBERG 'S Relhania tomentosa als Athrixia to- mentosa, unter das Subgenus Athrixia stellt er Athrixia capensis und zitiert deren Synonym Aster crinitus (Thun- berg ) , zum Subgenus Asteropsis rechnet er Athrixia hetero- phylla in Neukombination. Er nennt fälschlicherweise Aster cri- nitus (L. ) als Synonym. In DE C ANDOLLE 'S (1837) Prodromus ist die Zahl der bekannten Arten deutlich gestiegen, was auf Funde BOJER'S, DREGE'S und ECK- LON'S zurückzuführen ist: At. debilis, At. phylicoides, At. angustissima und At. sessilifolia. Die aufgeführte At. capensis var . latifolia entspricht der At. crinita (L. ) Druce (1914). Ferner schließt DE CANDOLLE At. tomentosa (Thbg.) Less. als Pterothrix tomentosa aus und kennzeichnet At.? ericifolia (ericaefolia) (Forsk.) als species non satis nota. LINDLEY (1839) beschreibt den ersten Vertreter der australi- - schen Athrixien unter der Gattung Asteridea , nämlich As. p u 1 verulenta, die den Gattungs-Typ darstellt. (Im Verlaufe systema- tischer Einordnungsversuche gehörte der australische Teil der © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at - 6 - Athrixien 5 verschiedenen Gattvingen an. ) SCHULTZ (1840) beschreibt eine afrikanische Sippe unter dem Genus K 1 e n z e a mit dem Epitheton rosmarinifolia, die OLIVER & HIERN (1877) als At. rosmarinifolia einordnen. STEETZ ( 1 844/45 ) vereinigt LINDELEY ' S Gattung Asteridea mit der Gattung Athrixia, außerdem schafft er ein neues austra- lisches Genus, Chrysodiscus mit Chrysodiscus niveus. KUNTH (1848) und SONDER (1850) fügen zum afrikanischen Teil die Arten At. glandulosa und At. elata. Allerdings existiert von At. glandulosa keine Aufsammlung mehr. Der Beschreibung nach ist sie mit At. crinita (L. ) Druce identisch. TURCZANINOW (1851) gründet
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