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Mechanistic Insights Into the Hydrocyanation Reaction
Mechanistic insights into the hydrocyanation reaction Citation for published version (APA): Bini, L. (2009). Mechanistic insights into the hydrocyanation reaction. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR644067 DOI: 10.6100/IR644067 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2009 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
Numerical Simulation of a Two-Phase Flow for the Acrylonitrile Electrolytic Adiponitrile Process in a Vertical/Horizontal Electrolysis Cell
energies Article Numerical Simulation of a Two-Phase Flow for the Acrylonitrile Electrolytic Adiponitrile Process in a Vertical/Horizontal Electrolysis Cell Jiin-Yuh Jang * and Yu-Feng Gan Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6-2088573 Received: 7 September 2018; Accepted: 6 October 2018; Published: 12 October 2018 Abstract: This paper investigated the effect of oxygen holdup on the current density distribution over the electrode of a vertical/horizontal electrolysis cell with a two-dimensional Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase flow model in the acrylonitrile (AN) electrolytic adiponitrile (ADN) process. The physical models consisted of a vertical/horizontal electrolysis cell 10 mm wide and 600 mm long. The electrical potential difference between the anode and cathode was fixed at 5 V, which corresponded to a uniform current density j = 0.4 A/cm2 without any bubbles released from the electrodes. The effects of different inlet electrolyte velocities (vin = 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) on the void fraction and the current density distributions were discussed in detail. It is shown that, for a given applied voltage, as the electrolyte velocity is increased, the gas diffusion layer thickness decreased and this resulted in the decrease of the gas void fraction and increase of the corresponding current density; for a given velocity, the current density for a vertical cell was higher than that for a horizontal cell. Furthermore, assuming the release of uniform mass flux for the oxygen results in overestimation of the total gas accumulation mass flow rate by 2.8% and 5.8% and it will also result in underestimation of the current density by 0.3% and 2.4% for a vertical cell and a horizontal cell, respectively. -
Imported Fire Ant Shipper's Guide
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMISSIONER SID MILLER PROCEDURE FOR SHIPPING IMPORTED FIRE ANT QUARANTINED ARTICLES TO IMPORTED FIRE ANT-FREE AREAS Contact the Texas Department of Agriculture prior to shipping Fire Ant Quarantined Articles to ensure compliance with state and federal IFA regulations and USDA approved quarantine treatment requirements. Treat shipments, premises and holding/shipping areas for IFA prior to compliance and shipment inspections. Recheck shipment [containers, bedding plants, balled & burlapped (B&B) trees, etc.] for IFA by observing ant activity (foraging, nesting, flying, etc.) and by baiting, beating containers or disturbing plant media. Ensure interior of truck container are thoroughly cleaned of soil, debris, and check for IFA by inspection and baiting, and treat for IFA, if necessary. Shipments to Arizona: Ship only to the Arizona Department of Agriculture (AZDA) approved holding areas. A list of AZDA approved holding areas is available at: https://agriculture.az.gov/approved-holding-areas-0. a. Each shipment must be certified for freedom from IFA (and Japanese beetle, which has similar pesticide treatment requirements). AZDA may decide to inspect the shipment on arrival. Container grown plants:* Use Immersion or Dip Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos; Drench Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos, or Granular Incorporation of bifenthrin, fipronil or tefluthrin. B&B tree shipments:* Use Immersion or Dip Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos, or use Drench Treatment using chlorpyrifos. Grass sod shipments:* Use liquid bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos or granular fipronil for broadcast field applications Texas Department of Agriculture Biosecurity and Environmental Resource Management 3/16/17 Hay shipments:** Hay or straw in direct contact with soil is not eligible for movement out of the IFA quarantined area. -
Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiocyanate In
Investigative Forensic Sciences © All rights are reserved by Buddha D. Paul and Thomas Research Article Open Access Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiocyanate in Human Saliva by a Unique Iodine-Azide-Chromogenic Substrate Reaction and its Application in Distinguishing Tobacco Smokers from Non-Smokers† Buddha D. Paul and Thomas Bosy Division of Forensic Toxicology, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Dover AFB, Delaware, USA. Abstract A method to detect thiocyanate (SCN) in human saliva is presented. Thiocyanate concentrations appear to be diagnostic when classifying smokers or non-smokers, and in determining some clinical conditions. The method involves the reaction of SCN with excess iodine and azide, and spectroscopic detection of unreacted iodine by a chromogenic substrate, ABTS. The calibration was linear over the range of 12.5-150 µmol/L (slope = 0.0086 delta-Abs/SCN µmol/L, intercept = -0.0160 delta-Abs, R2 0.9998). The method was applied to analyze 29 saliva specimens. The results were similar to those obtained from a gas chromatography-mass 2 spectrometry method (slope = 0.9595, R 0.9790). Based on Grubbs equation applied to specimens from non-smoking subjects, a threshold concentration of 1100 µmol/L for SCN was determined to distinguish smokers from the non-smokers. The SCN concentrations in 18 out of 20 saliva specimens collected from 2 smokers were above this threshold. The specimens from smokers were also examined for nicotine and cotinine by a GCMS method. While nicotine concentrations were found to vary, the cotinine concentrations remained stable, 134+29 ng/mL. Generally, the presence of nicotine/cotinine in specimens only indicates exposure to tobacco products, but the presence of any of these compounds with elevated SCN, is an indication of smoking. -
COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances
COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances revised 2/4/2021 IARC list 1 are Carcinogenic to humans list compiled by Hector Acuna, UCSB IARC list Group 2A Probably carcinogenic to humans IARC list Group 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans If any of the chemicals listed below are used in your research then complete a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the product as described in the Chemical Hygiene Plan. Prop 65 known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity Material(s) not on the list does not preclude one from completing an SOP. Other extremely toxic chemicals KNOWN Carcinogens from National Toxicology Program (NTP) or other high hazards will require the development of an SOP. Red= added in 2020 or status change Reasonably Anticipated NTP EPA Haz list COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances CAS Source from where the material is listed. 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide Acutely Toxic Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- Acutely Toxic 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU) Prop 65 KNOWN Carcinogens NTP 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) IARC list Group 2A Reasonably Anticipated NTP 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) (Lomustine) Prop 65 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea Acutely Toxic 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane IARC list Group 2B 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Prop 65 IARC list Group 2B 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p -chloropheny)ethylene (DDE) Prop 65 1,1-Dichloroethane -
Occurrence, Elimination, and Risk of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Wastewater and Sludge
Occurrence, elimination, and risk of anticoagulant rodenticides in wastewater and sludge Silvia Lacorte, Cristian Gómez- Canela Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona Rats and super-rats Neverending story 1967 Coumachlor 1 tn rodenticides /city per campaign “It will be the LAST ONE” Rodenticides Biocides: use regulated according to EU. Used mainly as bait formulations. First generation: multiple feedings, less persistent in tissues, commensal and outdoor use. Second generation: single feeding (more toxic), more persistent in tissue, commensal use only. Toxic: vitamin K antagonists that cause mortality by blocking an animal’s ability to produce several key blood clotting factors. High oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity. Origin and fate of rodenticides Study site: Catalonia (7.5 M inhabitants) 1693 km of sewage corridor 13 fluvial tanks (70.000 m3) 130,000,000 € / 8 YEARS 32,000 km2 378,742 kg/y AI 2,077,000 € Objectives 1. To develop an analytical method to determine most widely used rodenticides in wastewater and sludge. 2. To monitor the presence of rodenticides within 9 WWTP receiving urban and agricultural waters. 3. To evaluate the risk of rodenticides using Daphnia magna as aquatic toxicological model. 4. To study the accumulation of rodenticides in sludge. Compounds studied Coumachlor* Pindone C19H15ClO4 C14H14O3 Dicoumarol Warfarin C19H12O6 C19H16O4 Coumatetralyl Ferulenol FGARs C19H16O3 C24H30O3 Acenocoumarol Chlorophacinone • Solubility C19H15NO6 C23H15ClO3 0.001-128 mg/L • pKa 3.4-6.6 Flocoumafen Bromadiolone C H F O C H BrO 33 25 3 40 30 23 4 • Log P 1.92-8.5 Brodifacoum Fluindione C H BrO 31 23 3 C15H9FO2 SGARs Difenacoum Fenindione C31H24O3 C15H10O2 1. -
Wastewater-Borne Exposure of Limnic Fish to Anticoagulant Rodenticides
Water Research 167 (2019) 115090 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Water Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/watres Wastewater-borne exposure of limnic fish to anticoagulant rodenticides * Julia Regnery a, , Pia Parrhysius a, Robert S. Schulz a, Christel Mohlenkamp€ a, Georgia Buchmeier b, Georg Reifferscheid a, Marvin Brinke a a Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany b Unit Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Microbial Ecology, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, 82407 Wielenbach, Germany article info abstract Article history: The recent emergence of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) in the aquatic environment Received 18 June 2019 emphasizes the relevance and impact of aquatic exposure pathways during rodent control. Pest control Received in revised form in municipal sewer systems of urban and suburban areas is thought to be an important emission 12 September 2019 pathway for AR to reach wastewater and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), respectively. Accepted 13 September 2019 To circumstantiate that AR will enter streams via effluent discharges and bioaccumulate in aquatic or- Available online 14 September 2019 ganisms despite very low predicted environmental emissions, we conducted a retrospective biological monitoring of fish tissue samples from different WWTP fish monitoring ponds exclusively fed by Keywords: fl Bioaccumulation municipal ef uents in Bavaria, Germany. At the same time, information about rodent control in asso- Biocides ciated sewer systems was collected by telephone survey to assess relationships between sewer baiting Monitoring and rodenticide residues in fish. In addition, mussel and fish tissue samples from several Bavarian surface PBT-Substances waters with different effluent impact were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of anticoagulants in Sewer baiting indigenous aquatic organisms. -
An Investigation of the Crystal Growth of Heavy Sulfides in Supercritical
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF LEROY CRAWFORD LEWIS for the Ph. D. (Name) (Degree) in CHEMISTRY presented on (Major) (Date) Title: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CRYSTAL GROWTH OF HEAVY SULFIDES IN SUPERCRITICAL HYDROGEN SULFIDE Abstract approved Redacted for privacy Dr. WilliarriIJ. Fredericks Solubility studies on the heavy metal sulfides in liquid hydrogen sulfide at room temperature were carried out using the isopiestic method. The results were compared with earlier work and with a theoretical result based on Raoult's Law. A relative order for the solubilities of sulfur and the sulfides of tin, lead, mercury, iron, zinc, antimony, arsenic, silver, and cadmium was determined and found to agree with the theoretical result. Hydrogen sulfide is a strong enough oxidizing agent to oxidize stannous sulfide to stannic sulfide in neutral or basic solution (with triethylamine added). In basic solution antimony trisulfide is oxi- dized to antimony pentasulfide. In basic solution cadmium sulfide apparently forms a bisulfide complex in which three moles of bisul- fide ion are bonded to one mole of cadmium sulfide. Measurements were made extending the range over which the volumetric properties of hydrogen sulfide have been investigated to 220 °C and 2000 atm. A virial expression in density was used to represent the data. Good agreement, over the entire range investi- gated, between the virial expressions, earlier work, and the theorem of corresponding states was found. Electrical measurements were made on supercritical hydro- gen sulfide over the density range of 10 -24 moles per liter and at temperatures from the critical temperature to 220 °C. Dielectric constant measurements were represented by a dielectric virial ex- pression. -
Theoretical Studies on As and Sb Sulfide Molecules
Mineral Spectroscopy: A Tribute to Roger G. Bums © The Geochemical Society, Special Publication No.5, 1996 Editors: M. D. Dyar, C. McCammon and M. W. Schaefer Theoretical studies on As and Sb sulfide molecules J. A. TOSSELL Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. Abstract-Dimorphite (As4S3) and realgar and pararealgar (As4S4) occur as crystalline solids con- taining As4S3 and As4S4 molecules, respectively. Crystalline As2S3 (orpiment) has a layered structure composed of rings of AsS3 triangles, rather than one composed of discrete As4S6 molecules. When orpiment dissolves in concentrated sulfidic solutions the species produced, as characterized by IR and EXAFS, are mononuclear, e.g. ASS3H21, but solubility studies suggest trimeric species in some concentration regimes. Of the antimony sulfides only Sb2S3 (stibnite) has been characterized and its crystal structure does not contain Sb4S6 molecular units. We have used molecular quantum mechanical techniques to calculate the structures, stabilities, vibrational spectra and other properties of As S , 4 3 As4S4, As4S6, As4SIO, Sb4S3, Sb4S4, Sb4S6 and Sb4SlO (as well as S8 and P4S3, for comparison with previous calculations). The calculated structures and vibrational spectra are in good agreement with experiment (after scaling the vibrational frequencies by the standard correction factor of 0.893 for polarized split valence Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field calculations). The calculated geometry of the As4S. isomer recently characterized in pararealgar crystals also agrees well with experiment and is calculated to be about 2.9 kcal/mole less stable than the As4S4 isomer found in realgar. The calculated heats of formation of the arsenic sulfide gas-phase molecules, compared to the elemental cluster molecules As., Sb, and S8, are smaller than the experimental heats of formation for the solid arsenic sulfides, but shown the same trend with oxidation state. -
Restricted Use Chemicals by Product Name 09/14/2016
Plant Health - Pesticide and Fertilizer Section 8995 E. Main St. , Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068 Phone: Phone (614) 728-6396Fax: Fax (614) 728-4221 Governor: John R. Kasich Lt. Governor: Mary Taylor www.agri.ohio.gov [email protected] Director: David T. Daniels Page 1 of 33 Restricted Use Chemicals by Product Name 09/14/2016 Registered Thru: 6/30/2017 12:00:00 AM Product_name Active_Ingredients Company_Name EPA_Number Private Commercial AATREX 4L HERBICIDE INC Atrazine (ANSI) SYNGENTA CROP 100-497 1, 3, 4, 7 2C, 4A, 6A PROTECTION LLC AATREX NINE-O HERBICIDE INC Atrazine (ANSI) SYNGENTA CROP 100-585 1, 3, 4, 7 2C, 4A, 5, 6A, 8 PROTECTION LLC ABACUS AGRICULTURAL MITICIDE/ INSECTICIDE Abamectin ROTAM NORTH 83100-4-83979 3 1, 2A, 2B AMERICA INC ABACUS V Abamectin ROTAM NORTH 83100-32-83979 3 1, 2B, 2C AMERICA INC ABAMECTIN 0.15EC SELECT Abamectin PRIME SOURCE, LLC 89442-20 None None ABAMEX MITICIDE-INSECTICIDE Abamectin (ANSI) NUFARM AMERICAS 228-734 3 2A, 2B INC 228 ABBA 0.15 MAKHTESHIM-AGAN OF 66222-191 None None NORTH AMER INC ABBA 0.15 EC MITICIDE INSECTICIDE Abamectin MAKHTESHIM-AGAN OF 66222-139 3 1, 2A NORTH AMER INC ABBA ULTRA MITICIDE INSECTICIDE Abamectin (ANSI) MAKHTESHIM-AGAN OF 66222-226 3 2B NORTH AMER INC ACELLUS AZT Acetochlor; Atrazine GROWMARK INC 62719-671-534 1, 2 2C ACELLUS AZT LITE Acetochlor; Atrazine GROWMARK INC 62719-670-534 1, 2 2C ACETO BIFENTHRIN 2 EC Bifenthrin ACETO AGRICULTURAL 2749-556 1, 3 2A, 2B CHEMICALS CORP ACURON HERBICIDE Atrazine; S-metolachlor; Mesotrione; SYNGENTA CROP 100-1466 1, 2 2C Bicyclopyrone -
Calarp) Program
California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program Administering Agency Guidance January 31, 2005 Preface This document provides general guidance to help Administering Agencies (AAs) implement and enforce the California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program. The intent is to identify the elements of the Program applicable to each regulated business, and assist AAs with oversight of the CalARP Program statutes and regulations. This document is not a substitute for the CalARP Program regulations; it does not impose legally binding requirements. About This Document This document follows the format of the California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.5: California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program. The regulatory sections are presented in parentheses for ease of reference. Acknowledgements The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) would like to thank the following people for their valuable assistance in the preparation of this document: Howard Wines, Hazardous Materials Specialist, City of Bakersfield Fire Department Robert Distaso P.E., Fire Safety Engineer, Orange County Fire Authority Randall L. Sawyer, Supervisor, Accidental Release Prevention Programs, Contra Costa County Health Services Department Beronia Beniamine, Senior Hazardous Materials Specialist, Stanislaus County Environmental Resources Department Angie Proboszcz, Risk Management Program Coordinator, USEPA Region 9 Jon Christenson, Senior Environmental Health Specialist, Merced County Department of Public Health Teresa -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS
law UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOc N AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION «t PRO^" August 21,2014 Mr. Scott Baker . , \ Regulatory Agent Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin 1966 W 15th Street, Suite 6 Loveland, CO 80538 Subject: Label Notification per PRN 98-10- Addition of Two Non-Public Health Pests Product Name: Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin EPA Registration Number: 89168-20 Application Date: June 24, 2014 Decision Number: 493033 Dear Mr. Baker The Agency is in receipt of your Application for Pesticide Notification under Pesticide Registration Notice (PRN) 98-10 for the above referenced product. The Registration Division (RD) has conducted a review of this request for its applicability under PRN 98-10 and finds that the action requested falls within the scope of PRN 98-10. The label submitted with the application has been stamped "Notification" and will be placed in our records. If you have any questions, you may contact BeWanda Alexander at (703)305-7460 or via email [email protected]. Mark Soarez, Product Manager 13 Insecticide Branch Registration Division (7505P) Office of Pesticide Programs Tgjtg read iratruction* on nvone before comoi 'form. Form Approved MB No. 2070-O06O. Approval expires 2-28-85 United States Registration OPP Identifier Number Environmental Protection Agency Amendment &EPA Washington, DC 20460 Other Application for Pesticide - Section I 1. Company/Product Number 2. EPA Product Manager 3. Proposed Classification 89168-20 Gebken None Restricted 4. Company/Product (Name) PM# LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS BIFENTHRIN 10 5. Name and Address of Applicant (Include ZIP Code) 6. Expedited Reveiw. In accordance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(3) LIBERTY CROP PROTECTION, LLC (b)(i), my product is similar or identical in composition and labeling to: 1966 W 15th Street, Suite 6 EPA Reg.