Social Justice and the City Room: JC215

Geog248/UDSC248 Social Justice and the City Room: JC215

Prof. Mark Davidson Class: Mon/Thu 1:25-2:40 Office Hrs : Thurs 3-4:30pm Office: JAC103 Tele : 793-7291

Geog248/UDSC248

Social Justice and the City

Course Description From their very beginnings cities have been sights of social tension, exploitation and emancipatory movements. This remains the same today, with a host of contemporary processes giving rise to new questions of justice and, at the same time, resurrecting some age-old issues. Indeed, cities today face unprecedented challenges. Migration, rapid urbanization, growing inequality, authoritarian governments, racial tensions, terrorism, climate change, and the list goes on. These issues are also transformed by processes of globalization, whereby the connections and networks between cities separated by vast physical distances have intensified, leading to complex urban relationships that have required new theoretical understandings.

“Urban segregation is not a frozen status quo, but rather a ceaseless social war in which the state intervenes regularly in the name of “progress,” “beautification” and even “social justice for the poor” to redraw spatial boundaries to the advantage of landowners, foreign investors, elite homeowners, and middle-class commuters” (Mike Davis, 2006, p.98 – Planet of the Slums )

We are therefore faced with more questions of social justice than ever. However, in many arenas, discussions of justice, ethics and morality have been muted over the past twenty years. Philosopher Slavoj Zizek (1999, 198) argues that those ideas which have previously guided our efforts towards social justice have been “replaced by the collaboration of enlightened technocrats ... and liberal multiculturalists via the process of negotiation of interests”. His claim is that our ability to discuss ideas of social justice has been eroded over recent years. For some, it has therefore become paramount that we re-assemble our debates around social justice so that the collections of growing urban social problems can be dealt with.

“More radically, justice names the possibility – from the point of view of what brings into being as subject-effect – that what is non-law may serve as law” (Alain Badiou, 1982, p.176 - Théorie du sujet )

Faced with this challenge, this course examines the concept of social justice and explores its various relations to the city and urban development. The course seeks to introduce a variety of ways that we can think about and debate social justice. This draws from various traditions of work (e.g. feminist, liberatianism, Marxism, moral philosophy) and explores them using a geographical perspective. With these various dialogues on social justice sketched out, the course turns its attention to the ‘urban question’. It asks what is distinctive about the issue of social justice in an urban context and whether we need a more geographically-informed viewpoint from with to deploy our positions on social justice. We therefore seek not to develop absolute positions on the questions of justice or ethics, but rather open up debate and discussion on the antagonisms we find inherent in the city. In the final section of the course, a number of urban themes are examined and we attempt to bring our understandings of social justice to these themes.

Course Objectives The purpose of this course is to introduce students to various geographically-informed conceptualisations of social justice in order that they are able to develop contextual understandings on a variety of urban social problems. It is intended that students will gain a competency in discussing urban social justice issues in order that they reflect on those facing them in their own lives. While engaging with a variety of disciplines, the course is rooted in the geographical literature.

By the end of the semester students should be able to: - Define, describe and debate a number of key theories of social justice including those relating to ethics, morality, rights, membership, space, time and difference. - Trace the development of social justice debate within the geographical literature - Identify the ways in which urbanism has presented a number of particular social justice questions and discuss how these relate to theories of social justice - Recognise the ways in which justice remains a central concern within the urban environment and how the operation of justice continue to shape urban development and how we live in the city - Examine a set of varied urban processes and problems (including capitalist development, socialist city planning, gentrification, place-making, housing, gender, sexuality, race) from a social justice perspective - Recognise the understandings of social justice currently being employed in examples of contemporary urban social movements

Teaching Format The course will be delivered in both lecture and seminar formats. In the first sections of the course, lectures will be primarily be utilised in order that students be introduced to their readings relating to the course’s key concepts. In the latter sections of the course, seminars and class discussions will be utilised in order to develop debate around assigned readings and film presentations.

Learning Evaluation and Grading A variety of evaluation methods are used in the course. They include: (i) closed-book examinations in order that firm understandings of the course’s key concepts are established; (ii) participation grades in order that student effort is recognised in respect to discussion preparation and class participation; (iii) a photo-documentary research project that will ask students to narrate their own identified urban social justice issue in order that their ability to apply their classroom learning is indicated; and (iv) a final research paper that will gauge the strength of connections students have made been the conceptual and case study elements of the course:

Grades will be based upon four elements: - Participation 20% - Mid-Term 25% - Photo-Documentary 25% - Research Paper 30%

Class Participation (20%) Attendance and participation is required. The class places significant emphasis upon the discussion of readings and debate. You should show evidence of reading and careful consideration of readings in your class participation. Before arriving at the indicated classes (see syllabus) you should prepare a summary of the readings and have prepared a set of discussion questions (the former are to be submitted). At the start of classes, I will randomly select students to introduce the set readings and initiate debate using their prepared questions.

Mid-Term Exam (25%) In the seventh week of class there will be a 1 hour exam. The exam will consist of two questions that will ask you to discuss the issues examined in the first half of the class.

Photographic Documentary (25%) At the end of the course you will present a photographic documentary of a research project of your choosing. The photographs should be used to document a research subject related to class material. Your

3 photographic materials should be accompanied by some textual or audio narration. You may use still and/or motion photography. You may use your own photographic material or that gathered from other sources (note: you must recognise the source of your materials).

Research Paper (30%) The final research paper will give you the opportunity to take up either a theoretical or empirical aspect of the course. After the mid-term exam, a broad research question will be set. This will give you some guidance on the thematic content of the paper and a detailed set of instructions to help you decide on your particular research issue.

Course etiquette Attendance : Students are expected to attend every class. If you miss a class ensure you ask a classmate for notes.

Readings : For many classes, students are expected to have read and understood the allocated readings. All readings that are required for class discussions will either be distributed to students in class or available at the library. In classes where lectures are given, students should read those readings indicated on the reading list. Lectures are not meant to provide you with complete knowledge of the research subject. They are design to give you an introduction to the taught material. Your after-class reading should therefore be used to reinforce and extend lecture material. A substantial supplementary reading list is provided at the end of the syllabus and you should utilise this both with respect to your class-related and assessment- related reading.

Plagiarism : Is not acceptable under any circumstances and is not tolerated. All cases will be immediately referred to the College Board (see: http://www.clarku.edu/offices/aac/integrity.cfm )

Classroom behaviour: Cell phones must be switched off in class. During class you should not use your laptop to surf the web.

Email : Students should treat email like postal mail. I only check my email once a day (usually in the mornings) and you should not expect that I will reply to your email straightaway unless it is an urgent matter. As a rule of thumb, please ask yourself if your question can: (a) wait until our next class meeting and (b) is already answered in the syllabus.

Cicada Announcements : I will use Cicada for all class-related announcements. You should check this regularly for updates etc.

Learning Issues : Students with learning, physical, or psychiatric disabilities enrolled in this course that may need disability-related classroom accommodations are encouraged to make an office appointment to see me before the end of the second week of the term. All discussions will remain confidential, although I may seek advice on matters with appropriate services within the university.

Lateness and Excuses : All assessments should be handed-in on time and in accordance with the requirements set out in assessment instructions. Absence from classes and late submission of coursework is only excused if you provide documented evidence explaining your absence/lateness (i.e.: for illness a doctor’s note). Absence and lateness will result in deductions from your final class grade. I realize that some students may wish to take part in religious observances that fall during the academic term. Should you have a religious observance that conflicts with your participation in the course, please come speak with me before the end of the second week of the term to discuss appropriate accommodations.

Office Hours: My office hours are indicated on the top of the syllabus. You are encouraged to come and discuss any aspects of the class with me during these hours. Please be advised that office hours can become busy periods, so our meeting may be limited in duration to ensure that all student inquiries get addressed. In the case of repeatedly busy office hours, a booking sheet will be placed on my office door where you will be able to reserve a specific meeting time during my office hours.

Schedule Week One – Introduction Week Two – Social Justice: Concept and Theory Week Three – Ethics/Discussion Week Four – Urbanism and Social Justice / Policing Week Five – Protest / Prison Week Six – Power / Public Space Week Seven – Review / Exam Week Eight – Spring Break [photo documentary] Week Nine – Segregation / Film Week Ten – Capitalist City Week Eleven – [Post-]Socialist City Week Twelve – Gentrification Week Thirteen – Housing [no class] Week Fourteen – Diversity Week Fifteen – Social Movements / Review

Course Outline

Recommended Books

Highly Recommended: Barry, B. (2005) Why Social Justice Matters (Polity Press: Cambridge) B Harvey, D. (2009 [1973]) Social Justice and the City (University of Georgia Press: Athens, GA) B

Recommended: Marcuse, P., Connolly, J., Novy, J., Olivio, I., Potter, J. and Steil, J. (eds) (2009) Searching for the Just City (Routledge: New York) Merrifield, A. and Swyngedouw, E. (eds) (1997) The Urbanization of Injustice (New York University Press: New York) L Smith, D. (1994) Geography and Social Justice (Blackwell: Oxford)

Part One – An Introduction to Social Justice Setting out a conceptual basis for our later geographical discussions, in this section of the course we examine a variety of perspectives on social justice. In doing so, we cover debates from disciplines including geography, political philosophy and economics. To begin our discussions of social justice, the various possible elements of it are introduced. Following this, we trace out a number of positions on social justice, including feminist, libertarian and Marxist perspectives.

The Concept of Social Justice Required Reading Barry, B. (2005) Why Social Justice Matters (Polity Press: Cambridge), pp. 3-26 B Smith, D.M. (2000) Social justice revisited, Environment and Planning A , 32(7), 1149-1162 P Sandel, M. (2009) Justice: What is the right thing to do? (Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York), 3-30 B

Note : There are many good book-length treatments of the concept of social justice. Indeed, the concept itself merits a whole semester course. However, you should use your reading to supplement our introductory lectures and become familiar with the various mainstream approaches to social justice.

Recommended Reading • Hayek, F. (1978) Law, Legislation and Liberty: The Mirage of Social Justice • Clayton, M. and Williams, A. (eds.) Social Justice (Blackwell: Oxford) • Capeheart, L. and Milovanovic, D. (2007) Social Justice: Theories, Issues, and Movements (Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ)

Exploring Theoretical Approaches to Social Justice Required Reading Barry, B. (2005) Why Social Justice Matters (Polity Press: Cambridge), 27-36 B Katznelson, I. (1997) Social Justice, Liberalism and the City: Considerations on David Harvey, John Rawls and Karl Polanyi. In: Merrifield, A. and Swyngedouw, E. (eds) The Urbanization of Injustice (New York University Press: New York), pp. 45-64 B Smith, D.M. (1997) Back to the good life: Towards an enlarged conception of social justice, Environment and Planning D – Society and Space , 15(1), 19-35 P

Recommended Reading • Rawls, J. (2005) A Theory of Justice (Belknap Press: Cambridge, MA), 3-46 o On Rawls ... Gutiérrez D. (2005) John Rawls and policy formation, Review of Policy Research 22, no.5, p. 737-742 • Miller, D. (2001) Principles of Social Justice (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA) L • Young, IM (1990) Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ) L • Amin, A. and Graham, S. (1997) The ordinary city, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 22(4), 411-429 P • Feagin, J.R. (2001) Social justice and sociology: Agendas for the twenty first century, American Sociological Review , 66(1), 1-20 P • Simpson, E. (1976) Socialist Justice, Ethics , 87(1) 1-17 P

Underpinning Social Justice Required Reading Applebaum, B. (2004) Social Justice Education, Moral Agency, and the Subject of Resistance, Educational Theory , 54(1), 59-72 P Barry, B. (2005) Why Social Justice Matters (Polity Press: Cambridge), 47-55 B Lee, R. and Smith, D. (2004) ‘Geographies of Morality and Moralities of Geography In: Lee, R. and Smith. D. (eds) Geographies and Moralities: International Perspectives on Development, Justice and Place (Blackwell: Oxford) 1-12 B Valentine, G. (2003) Geography and ethics: in pursuit of social justice – ethics and emotions in geographies of health and disability research, Progress in Human Geography , 27(3), 375-380 P

Recommended Reading • Merrett, C. (2000) Teaching social justice: Reviving geography's neglected tradition, Journal of Geography , 99(5), 207-218 P • Marshall, G. (1996) Was communism good for social justice?: A comparative analysis of the two Germanies, British Journal of Sociology , 47(3), 397-420 P • Rose, N. (1996) The death of the social? Re-figuring the territory of government, Economy and Society , 25(3), 327-356 P

Part Two - Urban Questions: Policing, Protest, Prison, Power, Public Space In the second part of the course we turn our attention to the city and ask how the urban context generates new social justice questions. We examine how urban thinking has given rise to various social justice perspectives within geography, particularly focusing on the work of David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre. Follow this we examine a number of social justice issues that are inherently connected to urbanism: policing, protest, prison, power and public space. For each, we will examine the how an understanding of social justice is necessary.

The Peculiarities of Urban Justice Questions Required Reading Harloe M. (2001) Social justice and the city: The new 'liberal formulation', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 25(4), 889-897 P Harvey, D. (2009[1973]) Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary theory in geography and the problem of ghetto formation. In: Harvey, D. Social Justice and the City (University of Georgia Press: Athens) 120-152 B

Recommended Reading

Proctor, J. (1998) Ethics in Geography: giving moral form to the geographical imagination, Area , 30(1), 8-18 P Swyngedouw, E. And Heynen, N. (2003) Urban Political Ecology, Justice and the Politics of Scale, Antipode , 35(5), 898-918 P Smith, D. (1997) Geography and ethics: a moral turn? Progress in Human Geography , 21(4), 583-590 P

Policing Required Reading Fyfe, N. (1995) Law and order policy and the spaces of citizenship in contemporary Britain, Political Geography , 14(2), 177-189 P Herbert, S. (1996) The geopolitics of the police: Foucault, disciplinary power and the tactics of the Los Angeles Police Department, Political Geography , 15(1), 47-59 P Wacquant, L. (2008) The Militarization of Urban Marginality: Lessons from the Brazilian Metropolis, International Political Sociology 1-2 (Winter), 56-74 P

Recommended Reading Feld, B. (1973) Justice by Geography: Urban, Suburban, and Rural Variations in Juvenile Justice, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , 82(1), 156-210 P Fyfe, N. (1991) The police, space and society: the geography of policing, Progress in Human Geography , 15(3), 249-267 L Herbert, S. (1996) The Normative Ordering of Police Territoriality: Making and Marking Space with the Los Angeles Police Department, Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 86(3) 567- 582 P Proudfoot, J. And McCann, E. (2008) At Street Level: Bureaucratic Practice in the Management of Urban Neighborhood Change, Urban Geography , 29(4), 348-370 P

Protest Required Reading Berman, M. (1993) Justice/Just Rap: Rap and Social Justice in America. In: Merrifield, A. and Swyngedouw, E. (eds) The Urbanization of Injustice (New York University Press: New York), pp. 161-179 B Swyngedouw, E. (2002) The strange respectability of the Situationist City in the society of the spectacle, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 26(1), 153-165 P Watts, M. (2001) 1968 and all that, Progress in Human Geography , 25(2), 157-188 P

Recommended Reading • Adams, P. (1996) Protest and the Scale Politics of Telecommunications, Political Geography , 15(5), 419-441 P • Boje, D. 2001. Carnivalesque resistance to global spectacle: a critical postmodern theory of public administration, Administrative Theory & Praxis, 23(3) 431–458 • Jansen, S. (2001) The streets of Beograd. Urban space and protest identities in Serbia, Political Geography , 20, 35-55 P • Martinez T (1997) Popular culture as oppositional culture: Rap as resistance, Sociological Perspectives , 40(2), 265-286 P • McCann E (1999) Race, protest, and public space: Contextualizing Lefebvre in the US city, Antipode , 31(2), 163- P • McFarlane, T. and Hay, I. (2003) The battle for Seattle: protest and popular geopolitics in The Australian newspaper, Political Geography , 22, 211–232 P • Mitchell, D. And Staeheli, L. 2005. Permitting Protest: Parsing the Fine Geography of Dissent in America, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 29(4), 796-813 P

• Missingham, B. (2002) The Village of the Poor Confronts the State: A Geography of Protest in the Assembly of the Poor, Urban Studies , 39(9), 1647-1663 P

Prison Required Reading Peck, J. (2003) Geography and Public Policy: Mapping the Penal State, Progress in Human Geography , 27(2), 222-232 P Wacquant, L. (2001) Deadly Symbiosis: When Ghetto and Prison Meet and Mesh, Punishment & Society , 3(1), 95-133 P

Recommended Reading • Anderson, E. (1999) Code of the Streets: Decency, Violence and the Moral Life of Inner Cities (Norton: New York) L • Foucault, M. (1997) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Vintage: New York) L • Gilmore, R. (2007) Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California (Berkeley: University of California Press) L • Gregory, D. (2006) The black flag: Guantánamo Bay and the space of exception, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography , 88(4), 405-427 P • Manza, J. and Uggen, C. (2007) Looked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy (New York: Oxford University Press) L • Pager, D. (2007) Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration (University of Chicago Press: Chicago) L • Pettit, B. And Western, B. (2004) Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration, American Sociological Review , 69(2), 151-169 P • Tonry, M. (1996) Malign Neglect: Race, Crime and Punishment in America (Oxford University Press: Oxford) L • Venkatesh, S. (2007) Off the Books: The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) L • Wacquant, L. (2001) The Penalisation of Poverty and the rise of Neo-Liberalism, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research , 9(4), 401-412 P

Power and Cities Required Reading Allen, J. (2006) ‘Ambient Power: Berlin’s Potsdamer Platz and the seductive logic of public spaces’, Urban Studies , 43(2), 441-455 P Davis, M. (1990) City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (London: Vintage), 99-150 B

Recommended Reading Allen, J. (2003) Lost Geographies of Power (Blackwell: Oxford) L Christopherson, S. (1994) The fortress city: privatized spaces, consumer citizenship, in: A. Amin (ed.) Post-Fordism: A Reader . (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers), 409-427 L Crampton, J. And Elden, S. (eds) (2007) Space, Knowledge and Power: Foucault and Geography (Ashgate: Aldershot) L Goss, J. (1993) The "Magic of the Mall": An Analysis of Form, Function, and Meaning in the Contemporary Retail Built Environment, Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 83(1), 18-47 P Slater, D. (2002) Other domains of democratic theory: space, power, and the politics of democratization, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 20(3), 255-276 P

Public Space Required Reading Atkinson, R. (2003) Domestication by cappuccino or a revenge on urban space? Control and empowerment in the management of public spaces, Urban Studies , 40(9), 1829–1843 P Crawford, M. (1992) The world in a shopping mall, in: Sorkin, M. (ed.) Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: Hill and Wang), 3-30 P Freeman, J. (2008) Great, Good, and Divided: The Politics of Public Space in Rio de Janeiro, Journal of Urban Affairs, 30(5), 529-556 P

Recommended Reading • Fyfe, N. (Ed.) (1998) Images of the Street: Planning, Identity and Control in Public Space . (London: Routledge) L • Fyfe, N. and Bannister, J. (1998) The eyes upon the street: closed-circuit television surveillance and the city, in: Fyfe, N. (Ed.) Images of the Street: Planning, Identity and Control in Public Space (London: Routledge) 254-267 L • Hayden, D. (2005) Building the American Way: Public Subsidy, Private Space. In: Low, S. and Smith, N. (eds) The Politics of Public Space (Routledge: London), pp. 35-48 L • Kohn, M. (2001) The mauling of public space, Dissent , Spring, pp. 71–77 P • Koskela, H. (2000) ‘The gaze without eyes’: video-surveillance and the changing nature of urban space, Progress in Human Geography , 24(2), 243–265 P • Mitchell, D. (1995) The end of public space? People’s park, definitions of the public, and democracy, Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 85(1), 108–133 P • Sennett, R. (1974) The Fall of Public Man (New York: Norton) L

Part Three - Case Studies In this part of the class, we examine a number of pressing, contemporary urban social problems and investigate each as a social justice issue. We will utilise lectures, discussions and film viewings to frame each problem/issue as a social justice concern.

Segregation and the Fight for Justice Required Reading Peach, C. (1996) Good segregation, bad segregation, Planning Perspectives , 11, 379-398 Tyner, J. (2006) “Defend the Ghetto”: Space and the Urban Politics of the Black Panther Party, Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 96(1), 105-118 Wacquant L (1999) Urban marginality in the coming millennium, Urban Studies , 36(10), 1639-1647

Recommended Reading • Hilfiker, D. (2002) Urban Injustice: How Ghettos Happen (Seven Stories Press: New York), 1-44 L • Jargowsky PA (1996) Take the money and run: Economic segregation in US metropolitan areas, American Sociological Review , 61(6), 984-998 P • Levernier W, Partridge MD, Rickman DS (1998) Differences in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan US family income inequality: A cross-county comparison, Journal of Urban Economics , 44(2), 272-290 P • Morgan DR, Mareschal P (1999) Central-city/suburban inequality and metropolitan political fragmentation, Urban Affairs Review , 34(4), 578-595 P • Samers M (2002) Immigration and the global city hypothesis: Towards an alternative research agenda, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 26(2), 389 P

• Young, I.M. (1999) Residential segregation and differentiated citizenship, Citizenship Studies , 3(2), p. 237-252 L

The Capitalist City and (In)Justice Required Reading Harvey, (2009[1973]) Social Justice and the City (University of Georgia Press: Athens, GA), 120-194, 195-239 B Scott, A. (2006) The Changing Global Geography of Low-Technology, Labor-Intensive Industry: Clothing, Footwear, and Furniture, World Development , 34(9), 1517-1536 P

Recommended Reading • Burawoy, M. (1982) Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism (University of Chicago Press: Chicago), pp. 77-94 L • Dunford, M. and Perrons, D (1994) Regional inequality, regimes of accumulation and economic development, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 19, 2, 163-182 P • Hamnett, C (1994) Social polarisation in global cities: theory and evidence, Urban Studies , 31, 401-424 P • Harvey, D. (1996) Class Relations, Social Justice, and the Political Geography of Difference, In: Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Blackwell: Oxford), 334-365 L • Herod, A. (2001) Labor Geographies: Workers and the Landscapes of Capitalism (Guilford Press: New York), pp. 50-69 L • Kloosterman, R.C (1994) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism? The Welfare State and the Post-Industrial Trajectory in the Netherlands after 1980, West European Politics , 17, 4, 166-89 P • Cole, M. (2003) Might it be in the practice that it fails to succeed? A Marxist critique of claims for postmodernism and poststructuralism as forces for social change and social justice, British Journal of Sociology of Education , 24(4), 487-500 P • Basu D. and Werbner, P. (2001) Bootstrap capitalism and the culture industries: a critique of invidious comparisons in the study of ethnic entrepreneurship, Ethnic and Racial Studies , 24(2), 236-262 P • Armbruster-Sandoval, R. (2005) Workers of the world unite? The contemporary anti-sweatshop movement and the struggle for social justice in the Americas, Work and Occupations , 32(4), 464- 485 P

The (Post)Socialist City and (In)Justice Required Reading Harvey, D. (2000) Spaces of Hope (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA) pp. 257-281 L Fisher, J. (1962) Planning the City of Socialist Man, Journal of the American Planning Association , 28(4), 251-265 P Marcuse, P. (1991) Missing Marx: A Personal and Political Journal of a Year in East Germany, 1989- 1990 (Monthly Review Press: New York), pp. 53-61, 103-116, 229-238 B Stenning, A. (2005) Where is the Post-socialist Working Class? Working-Class Lives in the Spaces of (Post-)Socialism, Sociology , 39(5), 983-999 P

Recommended Reading • Argenbright, R. (1999) Remaking Moscow: New Places, New Selves, Geographical Review , 89(1), 1-22 P • Smith, D. M. (1994) 'Social Justice and the Post-Socialist City', Urban Geography , 15(7), 612- 627 P • French, R and Hamilton, F. (1979) Is There a Socialist City? In: French, R. and Hamilton, F. (eds.) The Socialist City: Spatial Structure and Urban Policy (John Wiley: New York) L

• Hausladen, G. (1987) Planning the Development of the Socialist City: the Case of Dubna New Town, Geoforum , 18(1), 103-115 P • French, A. (1995) Plans, pragmatism and people: the legacy of Soviet planning for today's cities (University of Pittsburgh Press: Pittsburgh) L • Hill, F. (2003) The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold (Brookings Institution Press: New York) L • Golubchikov, O. (2004) Urban planning in Russia: towards the market, European Planning Studies , 12(2), 229-247 P • Smith, D.M. (1996) The Socialist City, In: Andrusz, G., Harloe, M. and Szelenyi, I. (eds) Cities After Socialism: Urban and Regional Change and Conflict in Post-Socialist Societies (Blackwell: Oxford), 70-99 L

Gentrification and the Fight for Place Required Reading Davidson, M (2009) Displacement, Space/Place and Dwelling: placing gentrification debate, Ethics, Place and Environment , 12(2), 219-234 P Newman, K. And Wyly, E. (2006) The Right to Stay Put, Revisited: Gentrification and Resistance to Displacement in New York City, Urban Studies , 43(1), 23–57 P Smith, N. (1979) Toward a theory of gentrification: a back to the city movement by capital not people, Journal of the American Planning Association , 45(October), 538–548 P

Recommended Reading • Atkinson, R. (2003a) Misunderstood Saviour or Vengeful Wrecker? The Many Meanings and Problems of Gentrification. Urban Studies , 40(12), 2343–2350. P • Davidson, M. and Lees, L. (2005) New-build ‘gentrification’ and London’s riverside renaissance, Environment and Planning A , 37(7), 1165–1190 • Fraser, J. (2004) Beyond Gentrification: Mobilizing Communities and Claiming Space. Urban Geography , 25(5), 437-457 P • Freeman, L. and Braconi, F. (2004) Gentrification and Displacement in New York City. Journal of the American Planning Association , 70(1), 39-52 P • Marcuse, P. (1986) Abandonment, gentrification and displacement: the linkages in New York City. In: N. Smith and P. Williams eds. Gentrification of the City . London: Unwin Hyman, 153- 177 L • Peck (2005) Struggling with the Creative Class, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. P • Smith, N. (1996) Is Gentrification a Dirty Word? In: The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (Routledge: London), pp.30-50 L

Contemporary Housing Questions? Required Reading Hartman, C. (2006) The Case for the Right to Housing, In: Bratt, R., Stone, M. and Hartman, C. (eds) A Right to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda (Temple University Press: Philadelphia, PA), pp. 177-192 B Strauss, K. (2009) Accumulation and Dispossession: Lifting the Veil on the Subprime Mortgage Crisis, Antipode , 41(1), 10-14 P Wyly, E., Moos, M., Foxcroft, H. and Kabahizi, E. (2008) Subprime Mortgage Segmentation in the American Urban System, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie , 99(1), 3-23 P

Recommended Reading • Aalbers, M. (2008) The Financialization of Home and the Mortgage Market Crisis, Competition and Change , 12(2), 148-166 P • Crump J (2002) Deconcentration by demolition: public housing, poverty, and urban policy, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 20(5), 581-596 P • Engels, F. (1872) The Housing Question [available online] • Fainstein, S. (2001) Competitiveness, cohesion, and governance: Their implications for social justice, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 25(4), 884-888 P • Gotham, K. (2009) Creating Liquidity out of Spatial Fixity: The Secondary Circuit of Capital and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 33(2), 355-371 P • Haylett, C. (2003) Culture, class and urban policy: Reconsidering equality, Antipode , 35(1), 55- 73 P • Sidaway, J. (2008) Subprime crisis: American crisis or human crisis? Environment and Planning D,26(2), 195-8 P

Emancipatory City: Redistribution and Recognition Required Reading Fainstein, S. (2005) Cities and Diversity: Should We Want It? Can We Plan For It? Urban Affairs Review , 41(1), 3-19 P Hayden, D. (1980) What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work, Signs , 5(3), 170-187 P Knopp, L. (1994) Social Justice, Sexuality and the City, Urban Geography , 15(7), 644-660 P

Recommended Reading • Fraser, N. (1999) Social Justice in the Age of Identity Politics: Redistribution, Recognition and Participation, In: L. Ray and A. Sayer (eds.) Culture and Economy After the Cultural Turn (Sage: London), pp. 25-52 L • Hubbard, P. (1998) Sexuality, Immortality, and the City: Red-Light Districts and the Marginalisation of Female Street Prostitutes, Gender, Place and Culture , 5(1), p. 55-72 P • Hubbard P (2004) Revenge and injustice in the neoliberal city: Uncovering masculinist agendas, Antipode , 36(4), 665-686 P • Valentine, G. (1996) (Re) negotiating the Heterosexual Street: Lesbian Productions of Space. In: Duncan, N. (ed) Body Space: Destablizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality L • Young, I. (1990) Democracy and Justice, In: Inclusion and Democracy (Oxford University Press: Oxford), 16-36 L

Part Four – Movements for Justice In the final part of the class we survey those current urban social movements that are embracing a social justice agenda. We ask what understanding of social justice they are mobilizing and the benefits/limitations of them.

Required Reading Marcuse, P. (2009) From critical urban theory to the right to the city, City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action , 13(2), 185-197 P Wills, J. (2008) Making class politics possible: Organizing contract cleaners in London, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 32(2), 305-24 P