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Item N Number °4907 D Not Scanned item n Number °4907 D Not Scanned Author United States Department of Agriculture, in cooperation RODOrt/ArtiOlO TitlO The Biologic and Economic Assessment of Pentachlorophenol Inorganic Arsenicals Creosote, Volume II: Non-Wood Preservatives Journal/Book Title Month/Day November 4 Color n Number of Images ° 's reP°rt is available in the NAL collection, call no.: 1 Ag84Teno.1658. Thursday, February 14, 2002 Page 4907 of 4919 COOPERATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT THE AND OF PENTACHLOROPHENOl^ 1NORGANIC —~"~ VOLUME 11: NQN-WOOD-FRBERV4TiVE§ /s-Ss. UNITEn STATES IN COOPERATION Wi'ln ~£Cl !N;CAL BULLETIN '£"s"v'- DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS NUMBER 1653-iJ AGRICULTURE COOPERA'l IVE EXTENSION SERVICE OTHER STATE AGENCIES U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY A |S f *^l''f^ij £0 ff'^u ' 1 r«i,W-? B Pentaehl oropheuo I , inorganic an;«uiea 11; 5 and creosote are the major pest i e i de chemicals now .i a use lor wood pref>ervai ion. An e?;i. i.mated 4-/:. r> million pounds oi "p'iiitach! oroTiheiioi (perita), 37.2 million pounds oi inor-ftan'Lc arsenicaJs, and 124 million gal.Joiis oi: creosote and coaj tar are UrU=d a;; wood pt *s?;ei vat rvos annually to preserve 327.5 million en. ft, of wood for many end uses such as cro:-:sti£?s, Linn- !>PT'S timbers, plywood, crossarms, piling, pole;;, posf.;;, and oilier products":. A.llhoufth large volume;;: of treated wood products art? uii«rd, llif'iii: iiKs1 nai.i.criLK ar«- Kiicii thai oxpOMurn of humans and anJinrtJs; is very low. The maximum impact to thf United Htal.s't;' cfuituniy would iv:;<r!i". 1 » OKI tvun eJ J at«ini of ail three Kl'AR'd prcKcrvativos. Rawed oil using f;ubr;i it ul.f malarial at l9/(? prices, this would result in higher costs in ''Jifi-t;;: of k.!> to ${)a3 hi 1.1 ion aipiiijalLy depending on v/hich i:ou)hif?aLioii oi substitute mar.fr i a I B it; UKi'd, Tin:- total costs are fiiffker bec;ji»t;e the A.!i to $6.3 billion {iccunnf .s for <jnJv 86% or thf' jjrr'Hsmrc-t reisied. wood products and does aot Include (lie 47!-) nrtJi.inn en. j i , oi v.'ood j»rot.e<:ted by ncui-- pressure, processes. S : 'I'iie iiojr'Wood-prt'Kc:rvat tve USS K oj peatas arr.eti.ical.K, and «'reosot.e include herhicidr;, detoliant, ntossi«:ide, hi-oeide, fles i.reant s ^Kowtii rr-t»nJ a tor , I ungiclde, jntieet Lcirte, rodentieide, soil steriJantj <! is liilerLoni,, larvicide, ac<'3i:icides aruc-lnn" cjde, mitieidt, and repellent.. The rno.st important of i'ne.se are cotton desic- cant (20 to $'JQ million impart), i'ungicide- t$^4 mil. Lion unpaet ovtrr 6-yrai jieriojlj, herbie. Lde, insecticide, and growth regulator ($!}.i] iiii.Jliou unpac^t). The. sourceH of penta found in the rnvironnient ar{= uoL well known, hut the: peril-a breakdown njoeh.-Jiii sin in fioi 1 and water i r; better- understood. The persistence of araenates in the eiwironmout is well known. Plants do not. accumulate large qnauti-- ties of arSHair. A vigorous plant :i.a an irtdieptioo of low arsenic lc;vels. Arse' nates form very insoluble compounds in soil and may nJtiinately absorb io sedimenl in the a<juatic r.rivi ronsuent. Only limited data art! available on the environmental fate of crfiOHoLe. Saplrtha l.fme and its der.i vai..rven b itidejyradt; rapidly in soi.l and walei , The higher isoiliug components decompose at ;'» H.lowi--r rate, Based cm ins-obseivah'S e-eff ect level for- penta, Llie safety factors range i roiu 20 to SfH),000. Most, work situations would reoult in Katety Faetor.s oi.' more than 100, The average daily coaBumpti on of Hi-sen. i.t; by honum:; ui food and waiei: i;-; HO ni.iero-- graius, Arserri ca J l.y Lreafed wood pose.s winlniaJ exposure bec-ause the arsenic it: tigiit.ly bouiid to the wood. There, are only Jimiled data on the e5(posnre of most other agricultural uiieH of arsenic. Exposure data art; avai.l able for appl j eat ion of arseirjc as n cotton detsiccant, OKMA has set 0./. mf>/cnbi c' meLer ;ir; tJie permi ssib le limit tor the part leu late polycyc.lic orgavrjc material of t'reosfite, Keyword^: l1re^servatives, ar'.seiri.ca.ls, penlarhloir-ophenoi, rreosotej coal t.yr, rieutra.l oi.-!, wood products, hsmian exposure, afiisnaj expoHurc-, e.conomic inipiujt, a .1 ternal s vt- Kystemsi, HPAR, beuetrf, risk, pressure tr.eatiiieiii^ non -pre:;si< <:a ! fea i ineiii-, br-ush dip and Hpr'ay i rt;af ninnt, erosflties, nwitrr! tier., poles, pi I. ing, postri, eroKsarmK, lumber,, timbers, plywood, wood foundation, mijlwork,, canrr-Lt-d vine, exposure analysi?;, home and farm use, sapstain, parti.cleboaj'd, ground I hie,, fierhicide, defol i.ants mor.Kicidf.', biocide, desjccaut. growth regulator, fimgicide, insecticide,, rodetst i.ci de, steri'lanL, dit;iru'ectantt larviejde, acacicide, arac:liTi:iei.de, repel lent t miticidfj, pe.sfi.ci.des (il'A reg is Lrat J ori., .service ILfe, biologic and economic assi^HSiiient , fox LI i t.y, marine borerB, Lijnorlu, teredo, decay, termites, annnal co::l, natural durability. THE BIOLOGIC AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL INORGANIC ARSENICALS CREOSOTE VOLUME II: NON-WOOD-PRESERVATIVES A report of the Pentachlorophenol, Inorganic Arsenicals, Creosote assessment team to the rebuttable presumption against registration of Pentachlorophenol, Inorganic Arsenicals, Creosote Submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency on November 4,1980 UNITED STATES IN COOPERATION WITH TECHNICAL BULLETIN DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS NUMBER 1658-11 AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE OTHER STATE AGENCIES U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PREFACE This report is a joint project of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the State Land-Grant Universities, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and is the eighth in a series of reports recently prepared by a team of scientists from these organizations in order to provide sound, current scientific information on the bene- fits of, and exposure to, pentachlorophenol, inorganic arsenicals, and creosote. The report is a scientific presentation to be used in connection with other data as a portion of the total body of knowledge in a final benefit/risk assessment under the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration Process in connection with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. This report is a slightly edited version of the report submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency on November 4, 1980. The editing has been limited in order to maintain the accuracy of the information in the original report. The use of chemicals to extend the life and usefulness of wood and wood products is extremely important to agriculture and forestry. Durability of wood used in fence posts, animal holding pens, and outbuildings is a major concern to almost every American farmer and rancher. How long the life of wood and wood products can be extended greatly influences our ability to produce adequate supplies of timber and fiber from our forest lands. Pentachlorophenol (penta), which is widely used as a wood preservative, is effective against both bacteria and fungi as well as insects. In addition, its use in preventing sapstain that discolors lumber contributes sub- stantially to the usefulness, acceptability, and beauty of most wood products. Primarily due to their cleanliness and paintability, the arsenical preservative com- pounds are being used more widely in lumber, timbers, and plywood. This trend is expected to increase with current concerns for aesthetics. Creosote and coal tar products have been used commercially as wood preservatives for over 150 years. Wood preservatives have made it economically possible to use wood in a wide variety of applications for which it would be unsuitable without treatment. Without wood preservatives, the cost of replacing electric power poles, forest protection facilities, bridges, marine pilings, railroad ties, and other such wood products would make it much more difficult to remain competitive in local and world markets. The information on agricultural uses, exposure, and economics of penta, arseni- cals and creosote is published in two volumes. Volume I covers wood preservative uses for such items as poles, piling, crossties, lumber, timbers, and plywood. Volume II covers non-wood-preservative uses, such as herbicides, growth regulators, desiccants, fungicides, and disinfectants. Sincere appreciation is extended to the Assessment Team Members and to all others who gave so generously of their time in the development of information and in the preparation of the report. However, in an effort this large the task of revising and editing the contributions and final production of the report was accomplished by a special committee. Members of this committee, which was responsible for the all- encompassing effort, are: L. R. Gjovik W. A. Thompson D. B. Johnson J. T. Micklewright V. Kozak W. A. Dost E. A. Woolson D. D. Nicholas i:L Issued December 1981 Membership of the Pentachlorophenol, Inorganic Arsenicals and Creosote Assessment Team Eldon Behr, Professor, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. William E. Chappell, Professor of Botany and Plant Physiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. William Daniel, Professor of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. William Dost, Forest Product Specialist, Cooperative Extension, University of California, Richmond, Calif. Donald Eckerman, Economist, Economic Analysis Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. George Fries, Animal Scientist, USDA, Beltsville, Md. Lee R. Gjovik, Research Specialist, Wood Preservation, Forest Service, USDA, Madison, Wis. (Assessment Team Leader, Penta, Arsenicals, and Creosote) David Johnson, Staff Research Chemist, Forest Service, USDA, Washington, D.C.
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