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College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Extension Publications Controls for Vegetable Insects for Commercial Producers Item Type text; Book Authors Roney, J. N. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Download date 28/09/2021 06:34:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312140 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Extension Publications The Extension Publications collections in the UA Campus Repository are comprised of both current and historical agricultural extension documents from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at the University of Arizona. This item is archived to preserve the historical record. This item may contain outdated information and is not intended to be used as current best practice. Current extension publications can be found in both the UA Campus Repository, and on the CALS Publications website, http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/ If you have questions about any materials from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences collections, please contact CALS Publications by sending an email to: [email protected] Compatibility oi It is preferable to apply insecti- ible if the different materials cides and fungicides separately. work together satisfactorily from Because of differences in solvents, the chemical, physical and bio- emulsifiers and wetting agents, logical standpoints. If a mixture various formulations may be in- is compatible, (a) the effective- compatible even though the basic ness of each material in the mix- materials are compatible. In gen- ture will not be reduced in any eral, (a) mix liquid with liquids, way, (b) the combination must (b) mix wettable powders with not be harmful to the plants by wettable powders, and (c) use producing chemical burns, reduc- materials of the same brand if ing growth or yields, or causing possible. other injury, and (c) the mate- rials must mix readily and give A mixture of spray chemicals no difficulty in operation and may be considered to be compat- maintenance of the sprayer. Phytotoxicity A pesticide or mixture of pesti- oughly tested from the stand- cides may cause injury to certain point of effectiveness and pos- plants. The condition under which sible plant injury and a grower the injury occurs may vary con- wishes to try it, the material siderably depending upon tem- should be applied to only a few perature, humidity, and other en- plants to see if it controls the vironmental factors. pest and does not injure the plant. The grower should satisfy Many of the newer pesticides himself as to the tolerance of the and some of the older ones have particular plants to be treated. not been adequately tested on Accuracy of dosage with mod- numerous plants, particularly or- ern chemicals is essential. Cor- namental shrubs and flowers. If rect amounts of the insecticides a material that appears promis- are necessary to minimize the ing against a particular pest or danger of plant injury and to in- group of pests has not been thor- sure effective control. Cautions in Use of Pesticides Insecticides are nearly always For Your Benefit And Protection. poisonous to humans, and vari- Labels on packages of pesticides ous ones may be released before should show the kinds and their hazards are completely un- amounts of active ingredients. derstood. The grower should han- They should indicate whether dle the materials with great care, the materials are poisonous and especially the concentrated state clearly what precautions forms. must be taken to handle and use Always Read Insecticide Labels them safely and give the anti- Carefully And Completely. It Is dote. .secticldes Used termites. Kills by contact, stom- Aldrin ach poison and some vapor ac- Uses: Soil insects including tion. white grubs, cutworms, mole- Formulations: 2 to 3% kero- crickets, wireworms, etc.; cotton sene solutions for household insects; grasshoppers. Kills by pests; emulsifiable concentrates contact and stomach poison; ranging from about 44% to 78^ some vapor action. by weight; 40% and 50% wettable Formulations: 25% wettable powders; 5% and 10^ dusts; 5°} powders, 2y2% and 5% dusts, 5 and 25% granules. and 10% granules, emulsifiable concentrate containing two pounds active ingredient per gal- lon (about 23%). Chlorobenzilate Uses: Red spiders (mites). A new material effective against resistant spider mites. Not widely BHC (Benzene- used at present hexachloride) Formulations: 25% wettable Uses: Primarily for cotton in- powder; aerosols. sects; also mosquito control work. Used in sprays for lawns and turf, for thrip control on certain sub- DDD (TDE) tropical fruits including avocado Uses: Similar to DDT except and mango. Odor and off-flavor not as wide and not as effective limits use on vegetables and most against certain insects. Widely fruit trees after fruit set. Used used for hornworms and fruit- extensively for control of live- worms on tomatoes, hornworms stock pests including lice, ticks, and budworms on tobacco. Not hornflies, fleas, mange mites, etc. widely used on ornamentals. Not Also used for control of borers as toxic to operators as DDT. in trees. Kills by contact, stomach Kills by contact and stomach poison and vapor action. poison. Formulations: Wettable pow- Formulations: 50% wettable ders containing 6, 8, 10 and 12% powders; 25% emulsifiable con- Gamma Isomer; emulsifiable con- centrate (2 lbs. actual per gal- centrates; dust base and dusts. lon); 5 and 10% dusts. Chlordane DDT Uses: Grasshoppers, soil in- Uses: One of most widely used sects including ants, white grubs, insecticides on vegetables, forage cutworms, wireworms, sowbugs, and cover crops, cotton, peanuts, pillbugs, etc.; used for plant bugs; tobacco, livestock, ornamentals, used in snail baits; used exten- white fringed beetles, lawn and sively in household pest control; turf insects including chinch lice, ticks, hornflies and mange bugs, sod webworms, army worms, mites of livestock; chiggers and leafhoppers. Kills by contact and 19 — stomach poison; no vapor action. pests on agricultural crops. Formulations: 5, 10 and 15% Formulations: 25% wettable dusts; 25% emulsifiable concen- powder; 25% emulsifiable con- trate (2 lbs. actual per gallon); centrate (contains 2 lbs. per gal- 50% and 75% wettable powders; lon). aerosols, smokes; 5% kerosene solutions for household use. Endrin Uses: Endrin is a stereoisomer Demeton (Systox) of dieldrin. Used against cotton Uses: Systemic pesticide for insects; and cutworms. aphids and spider mites. Also has Formulations: 2% dust; 2% proven effective against white- granules; emulsifiable concen- flies, certain armored and soft trate containing 1.6 lbs. per gal- scales. Absorbed through roots lon (about 19%); 25% wettable and young foliage and carried in powder. sap stream. Also kills by contact and fumigant action when used as foliage spray. Has been used EPN (EPN-300) successfully on roses, mums, Uses: Phosphate insecticide azaleas, gardenias, hibiscus, Eas- with uses similar to parathion. ter lilies, camellias, and several Effective against pecan nut case other plants. bearer; serpentine leaf miner on Formulations: Emulsifiable tomatoes and potatoes. Shows concentrate containing 2 lbs. ac- promise for mites and scales. Ef- tual per gallon is most common. fective on peach insects. Should It is very poisonous and ex- be handled with great care. Not treme caution should be followed. extensively used at present. Formulations: 27% wettable Dieldrin powder. Uses: Cotton insects, grasshop- pers, excellent for thrip control Heptachlor on ornamental plants like mums, Uses: Chlorinated insecticide gladiolus, thrips on subtropical related to chlordane. Cotton in- fruits; soil inhabiting insects like sects; soil insects including wire- ants, cutworms. Used in mosquito worms; grasshoppers; mosqui- control work and for household toes, thrips on onions. pests; termites. Kills by contact Formulations: 25% wettable and stomach poison. powder; 2y2% dust; 2y2% and Formulations: 25 and 50% wet- 25% granules; 25% emulsifiable table powders; emulsifiable con- concentrate (contains 2 lbs. ac- centrate containing 1.5 lbs. per tual per gallon). gallon (about 18.5%); 25% dust concentrate; 1.5% and 2.5% dusts; 2% and 5<# granules. Lead Arsenate Dlazinon (Standard) Uses: Phosphate insecticide Uses: Chewing insects on wide used for resistant houseflies. variety of crops. Kills as stomach Shows promise against some poison. Largely replaced by new- — 20 — er organic insecticides. placed by newer materials. Formulations: Wettable pow- Formulations: Nicotine sul- ders and pastes. phate (40%); crude alkaloid Malathion (95%); dusts; smokes. Malathion is a phosphate insec- Ovex ticide related to parathion, but Ovotran, Orthotran, Niagara- less toxic to humans. tran are some trade names. Uses: Aphids, thrips, scales, Uses: Primarily to control mite whiteflies, mealybugs, house flies, eggs and newly hatched mites, fleas, Mexican bean beetles. but of little value as insecticide Widely used on ornamentals. or even as a control of adult Kills mites but not their eggs. mites. Has long residual. Used on Kills by contact, stomach poison, cotton, citrus (purple and six- and some vapor action. spotted mites), ornamentals and Formulations: 4%, 5%, and some sub-tropical fruit trees. 10% dusts; 25% wettable pow- Formulations: 50% wettable ders; 50% emulsifiable concen- powders most common; 25% trate (5 lbs. actual per gallon). emulsifiable concentrate; dusts; Metaldehyde aerosols. Uses: Control of slugs and Parathion snails; combined with chlordane Parathion is a phosphate in- as 10% metaldehyde and 5% secticide that should be handled chlordane or used
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