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Antoni Gaudi the nineteenth century search for a style

suited to the new age rational incorporating new structural forms

nationalistic

emphasising colour & texture naturalistic non-historical

Spanish and Catalan nationalism

ancient links with French Catalonia and Mediterranean trade

distinct Catalan dialect

separate laws and tribunals until c 1830

industrially advanced

lamp post bearing the Catalan emblem near the zoological Museum, , probably from the exhibition of 1888

Miles Lewis Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch (1867-1967)

Catalan nationalist

President of the Mancomuinitat

discoverer of the Premier Art Roman

author of L'Art Wisigothique

Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Puig i Cadafalch, 1900

Miles Lewis , 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch, 1900 Casa Batlló, 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7 Miles Lewis Casa Batlló , 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7 Casa Milá, 92 Paseo del Gracia, by Gaudi, 1905-10

DIPPSA slides Lluis Domènech i Montaner (1850-1923)

Catalan nationalist

President of the Unió Catalana (or Catalan Union) in 1892

author of 'En busca de una arquitectura nacional' - 'In search of a national architecture'

Portrait of Domenech

Oriel Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', in Nikolaus Pevsner & J M Richards [eds], The Anti-Rationalists (London 1973), p 71 Hospital of S Pau [Hopital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau], 167-173 Avinguda de Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, by Domènech, 1902-12: entrance pavilion Miles Lewis Hospital of S Pau, detail of a lamp on the staircase; interior of the library

Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', pp 76, 77 Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926)

Catalan nationalist

son of a coppersmith

worked for José Fontseré [Josep Fontserè i Mestre] and Juan Martorell

influenced by Viollet-le-Duc

Gaudi: photo in 1878 Rainer Zerbst, Gaudí ( 1988), p 12 monumental cascade in the Parque de la Ciudedela [], by Fontseré and Gaudi, 1877-82 DIPPSA slide draft designs for the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878

Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 18-19 warehouse of the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878 half section, showing the vertically laminated parabolic

J J Sweeney & J L Sert, Antoni Gaudí (London 1970 [c 1960]), p 6 Finca Güell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-7

MUAS 19,743 Güell gatehouse, dragon gate [or Drac de Pedralbes]

Miles Lewis 1974 Güell gatehouse

detail of finial detail of dragon gate

Miles Lewis MUAS19,744 Palacio Güell [Palau Güell, 345 Carrer Nou de la Rambla, Barcelona, 1885-9 cutaway isometric view and cross-section G R Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', in A K Placzek [ed], Macmillan Encylopedia of Architects (4 vols, New York 1982), II, 173 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 61 Palacio Güell

the façade detail of the entrance gates.

Miles Lewis Montaner, Barcelona, p 78 Palacio Güell

detail of metalwork, executed by Joan Oños

Miles Lewis Palacio Güell

the cellars

G R Collins, Antonio Gaudí (New York 1960), pl 38 Palacio Güell, ceiling of living area, on the piano nobile Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 38 Palacio Güell interior of the main salon, and view of the

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 34 Montaner, Barcelona, p 85 Palacio Güell: metalwork decoration in a bedroom; dressing table

anonymous; Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101 proposed Franciscan mission for Tangier, by Gaudi, 1892-3

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 44 Proposal for a hotel in New York, by Gaudi, 1908, sketch designs Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 228-9

Episcopal palace at Astorga, by Gaudi, 1887-93, view from above Artfi SA no 15 Episcopal palace at Astorga: view Miles Lewis Episcopal palace, Astorga detail of porch

Miles Lewis Casa Figueras, or 'Torre ', 1900-1905 DIPPSA Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 4 Casa Figueras the attic

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 65 Casa Battló 43 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-7 view & detail

Miles Lewis Casa Battló, the light well section & view

Van Hensbergen, Gaudí, p 154 Montaner, Barcelona, p 98 Casa Battló, details in the light well

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pls 52, 53 Casa Battló Staircase, and entrance to the principal apartment

Montaner, Barcelona, p 96 Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 82 Casa Battló plan of the principal apartment, and view of the dining room

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 78 83 Casa Battló: view of the roof George Tibbits, 1976 Casa Battló: roof details: turret, ridge and fleuron

George Tibbits, 1976 Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 65 Casa Battló chimneys

George Tibbits, 1976 Casa Milá (‘La Pedrera’), 92 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-10 Gaudi’s original elevational drawing

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 87 Casa Milá, view

Miles Lewis Casa Milá original schematic plans or the third floor and the basement

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22 Casa Milá

the balconies view & detail showing the glass tile floor

MUAS19,746, 13,352 Casa Milá, staircase in the larger light well & detail of column head (inset) Miles Lewis; Michel Tapié, Gaudí - La Pedrera (Barcelona 1971), pl 62 Casa Milá

interior detail of an apartment

Tapie, Gaudí, pl 80 Casa Milá

cross-section showing the form of the roof

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 21 Casa Milá: view in the attic, showing the tile ribs Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 94 Casa Milá views of the roof

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 8; MUAS 57 Gaudi’s funicular model for a church inverted photo

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 80 Cripta de la Colonia Güell [Colonia Güell Chapel], 1898-1915

inverted photo of a model showing sheet calculations for the external surfaces

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 6 Colonia Güell Chapel

proposed exterior design based on a photo of the model

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 109 Colonia Güell Chapel, crypt plan & proposed church interior Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pls 24, 61 Colonia Güell Chapel view of the crypt

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 13 Colonia Güell Chapel details of the crypt, with stair

MUAS 19,739 Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 59 Colonia Güell Chapel

the windows

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 115 Colonia Güell Chapel view and detail of the entry porch below the stair Sert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell, pl 38. Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5 Colonia Güell Chapel windows view of stair

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5; MUAS 13,341; J L Sert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell de A. Gaudí (Barcelona, no date [1960s]), pl 41; MUAS 19,727 Parque Güell [Parc Güell], 1903-1930, plan

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 144 Parque Güell entrance lodge II

DIPPSA 144 Parque Güell entrance lodge I & roof detail

DIPPSA 142 MUAS 10,520 Parque Güell

main stairs

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 134 Parque Güell: the lizard fountain

Miles Lewis Parque Güell the market hall, isometric diagram

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 142 Parque Güell, market hall detail of columns and entablature

Miles Lewis Parque Güell, market hall interior view & detail of ceiling

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 149 Montaner, Barcelona, p 155 Parque Güell

market hall ceiling detail

Le Corbusier, p 55 Parque Güell

side view of the market hall/orchestra

detail of the bench

DIPPSA 39 Miles Lewis Parque Güell orchestra bench details

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation,pls 66, 73, 77 Le Corbusier, Gaudi, p 59 Parque Güell

walkway on top of the viaduct detail of a column head retaining wall at the back of the theatre

S13,921 Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 92 Miles Lewis Parque Güell viaduct and detail of caryatid figure

Miles Lewis DIPPSA Sagrada Familia, Barcelona design by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 14 Sagrada Familia apse and finials by Gaudi, 1887-1893 plan

Miles Lewis Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 100 Sagrada Familia central south porch of the nativity, 1891-1903

DIPPSA 58 Brian Lewis Sagrada Familia, south porch the coronation of the Virgin DIPPSA 81 Sagrada Familia, south porch the deposition of the Virgin detail of snow

DIPPSA 86 MUAS 13,345 Sagrada Familia

sketch for the west portal (introducing parabolic forms)

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 89 Sagrada Familia sketch proposal of 1906 (introducing African turrets)

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22 Sagrada Familia

model c 1910

Miles Lewis Schoolhouse at the Sagrada Familia, 1909

view from above

MUAS 13,915 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: the roof geometry

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 23 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 95 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: detail of the bóvedas tabicadas MUAS 13,348 Sagrada Familia view from the south

DIPPSA 88 Sagrada Familia: details of the pinnacles Jeff Turnbull, Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia: upper details

Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia: detail of louvred turret

Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia turrets & pinnacles Miles Lewis DIPPSA Sagrada Familia

Gaudi’s drawings for the pinnacles

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 126 GAUDI’S DECLINING YEARS

gradual withrawal from secular work

1904-14 replanning the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca

1910 exhibition of the Societé des Beaux-Arts, Paris

1914 death of Francesc Berenguer

1918 death of Eusebio Guell

public taste turns away from the modernismo

funds run out for the Sagrada Familia

Gaudi lives as a recluse

1926 Gaudi dies Sagrada Familia perspective view of the design as intended at the time of Gaudi’s death, 1926

Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', p 179 Sagrada Familia the inside wall of the south transept

Miles Lewis David Mackay, 'Berenguer', in Pevsner & Richards, The Anti- Rationalists, p 68 Sagrada Familia scale model for a window

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 168 Sagrada Familia the final design model & section Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 24 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101 THREE POINTS ABOUT GAUDI

nineteenth century approach

creativity

rational medievalism

Antonio Gaudi in the Corpus Christi procession, Barcelona, 1924 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 124 1 GAUDI’S NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH

stylistic eclecticism

bold use of colour and texture

nationalism

naturalism influenced by the standard nineteenth century writers, probably Ruskin and Morris, and certainly Viollet-le-Duc 2 GAUDI’S CREATIVITY

historical sources are transfused with a new life

colour and texture exceed that of Butterfield &c

nationalism goes beyond the Catalan Gothic Revival naturalism - evokes fundamental biological structures and geological forms 3 RATIONAL MEDIEVALISM

Viollet wanted a designed as he thought medieval designers WOULD have done if they had iron

Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced concrete

Gaudi used traditional brick and stonemasonry, and board vaults

Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if they had used angled struts, parabolic and warped surfaces