702231 MODERN ARCHITECTURE A
Antoni Gaudi the nineteenth century search for a style
suited to the new age rational incorporating new structural forms
nationalistic
emphasising colour & texture naturalistic non-historical
Spanish Catalonia and Catalan nationalism
ancient links with French Catalonia and Mediterranean trade
distinct Catalan dialect
separate laws and tribunals until c 1830
industrially advanced
lamp post bearing the Catalan emblem near the zoological Museum, Barcelona, probably from the exhibition of 1888
Miles Lewis Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch (1867-1967)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Mancomuinitat
discoverer of the Premier Art Roman
author of L'Art Wisigothique
Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Puig i Cadafalch, 1900
Miles Lewis Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch, 1900 Casa Batlló, 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7 Miles Lewis Casa Batlló , 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7 Casa Milá, 92 Paseo del Gracia, by Gaudi, 1905-10
DIPPSA slides Lluis Domènech i Montaner (1850-1923)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Unió Catalana (or Catalan Union) in 1892
author of 'En busca de una arquitectura nacional' - 'In search of a national architecture'
Portrait of Domenech
Oriel Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', in Nikolaus Pevsner & J M Richards [eds], The Anti-Rationalists (London 1973), p 71 Hospital of S Pau [Hopital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau], 167-173 Avinguda de Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, by Domènech, 1902-12: entrance pavilion Miles Lewis Hospital of S Pau, detail of a lamp on the staircase; interior of the library
Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', pp 76, 77 Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926)
Catalan nationalist
son of a coppersmith
worked for José Fontseré [Josep Fontserè i Mestre] and Juan Martorell
influenced by Viollet-le-Duc
Gaudi: photo in 1878 Rainer Zerbst, Gaudí (Cologne 1988), p 12 monumental cascade in the Parque de la Ciudedela [Parc de la Ciutadella], by Fontseré and Gaudi, 1877-82 DIPPSA slide draft designs for the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878
Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 18-19 warehouse of the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878 half section, showing the vertically laminated parabolic arch
J J Sweeney & J L Sert, Antoni Gaudí (London 1970 [c 1960]), p 6 Finca Güell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-7
MUAS 19,743 Güell gatehouse, dragon gate [or Drac de Pedralbes]
Miles Lewis 1974 Güell gatehouse
detail of finial detail of dragon gate
Miles Lewis MUAS19,744 Palacio Güell [Palau Güell, 345 Carrer Nou de la Rambla, Barcelona, 1885-9 cutaway isometric view and cross-section G R Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', in A K Placzek [ed], Macmillan Encylopedia of Architects (4 vols, New York 1982), II, 173 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 61 Palacio Güell
the façade detail of the entrance gates.
Miles Lewis Montaner, Barcelona, p 78 Palacio Güell
detail of metalwork, executed by Joan Oños
Miles Lewis Palacio Güell
the cellars
G R Collins, Antonio Gaudí (New York 1960), pl 38 Palacio Güell, ceiling of living area, on the piano nobile Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 38 Palacio Güell interior of the main salon, and view of the dome
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 34 Montaner, Barcelona, p 85 Palacio Güell: metalwork decoration in a bedroom; dressing table
anonymous; Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101 proposed Franciscan mission for Tangier, by Gaudi, 1892-3
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 44 Proposal for a hotel in New York, by Gaudi, 1908, sketch designs Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 228-9
Episcopal palace at Astorga, by Gaudi, 1887-93, view from above Artfi SA no 15 Episcopal palace at Astorga: view Miles Lewis Episcopal palace, Astorga detail of porch
Miles Lewis Casa Figueras, or 'Torre Bellesguard', 1900-1905 DIPPSA Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 4 Casa Figueras the attic
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 65 Casa Battló 43 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-7 view & detail
Miles Lewis Casa Battló, the light well section & view
Van Hensbergen, Gaudí, p 154 Montaner, Barcelona, p 98 Casa Battló, details in the light well
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pls 52, 53 Casa Battló Staircase, and entrance to the principal apartment
Montaner, Barcelona, p 96 Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 82 Casa Battló plan of the principal apartment, and view of the dining room
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 78 83 Casa Battló: view of the roof George Tibbits, 1976 Casa Battló: roof details: turret, ridge and fleuron
George Tibbits, 1976 Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 65 Casa Battló chimneys
George Tibbits, 1976 Casa Milá (‘La Pedrera’), 92 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-10 Gaudi’s original elevational drawing
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 87 Casa Milá, view
Miles Lewis Casa Milá original schematic plans or the third floor and the basement
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22 Casa Milá
the balconies view & detail showing the glass tile floor
MUAS19,746, 13,352 Casa Milá, staircase in the larger light well & detail of column head (inset) Miles Lewis; Michel Tapié, Gaudí - La Pedrera (Barcelona 1971), pl 62 Casa Milá
interior detail of an apartment
Tapie, Gaudí, pl 80 Casa Milá
cross-section showing the form of the roof
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 21 Casa Milá: view in the attic, showing the tile ribs Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 94 Casa Milá views of the roof
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 8; MUAS 57 Gaudi’s funicular model for a church inverted photo
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 80 Cripta de la Colonia Güell [Colonia Güell Chapel], 1898-1915
inverted photo of a model showing sheet calculations for the external surfaces
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 6 Colonia Güell Chapel
proposed exterior design based on a photo of the model
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 109 Colonia Güell Chapel, crypt plan & proposed church interior Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pls 24, 61 Colonia Güell Chapel view of the crypt
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 13 Colonia Güell Chapel details of the crypt, with stair
MUAS 19,739 Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 59 Colonia Güell Chapel
the windows
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 115 Colonia Güell Chapel view and detail of the entry porch below the stair Sert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell, pl 38. Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5 Colonia Güell Chapel windows view of stair
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5; MUAS 13,341; J L Sert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell de A. Gaudí (Barcelona, no date [1960s]), pl 41; MUAS 19,727 Parque Güell [Parc Güell], 1903-1930, plan
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 144 Parque Güell entrance lodge II
DIPPSA 144 Parque Güell entrance lodge I & roof detail
DIPPSA 142 MUAS 10,520 Parque Güell
main stairs
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 134 Parque Güell: the lizard fountain
Miles Lewis Parque Güell the market hall, isometric diagram
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 142 Parque Güell, market hall detail of columns and entablature
Miles Lewis Parque Güell, market hall interior view & detail of ceiling
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 149 Montaner, Barcelona, p 155 Parque Güell
market hall ceiling detail
Le Corbusier, p 55 Parque Güell
side view of the market hall/orchestra
detail of the bench
DIPPSA 39 Miles Lewis Parque Güell orchestra bench details
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation,pls 66, 73, 77 Le Corbusier, Gaudi, p 59 Parque Güell
walkway on top of the viaduct detail of a column head retaining wall at the back of the theatre
S13,921 Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 92 Miles Lewis Parque Güell viaduct and detail of caryatid figure
Miles Lewis DIPPSA Sagrada Familia, Barcelona design by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 14 Sagrada Familia apse and finials by Gaudi, 1887-1893 plan
Miles Lewis Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 100 Sagrada Familia central south porch of the nativity, 1891-1903
DIPPSA 58 Brian Lewis Sagrada Familia, south porch the coronation of the Virgin DIPPSA 81 Sagrada Familia, south porch the deposition of the Virgin detail of snow
DIPPSA 86 MUAS 13,345 Sagrada Familia
sketch for the west portal (introducing parabolic forms)
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 89 Sagrada Familia sketch proposal of 1906 (introducing African turrets)
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22 Sagrada Familia
model c 1910
Miles Lewis Schoolhouse at the Sagrada Familia, 1909
view from above
MUAS 13,915 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: the roof geometry
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 23 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 95 Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: detail of the bóvedas tabicadas MUAS 13,348 Sagrada Familia view from the south
DIPPSA 88 Sagrada Familia: details of the pinnacles Jeff Turnbull, Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia: upper details
Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia: detail of louvred turret
Miles Lewis Sagrada Familia turrets & pinnacles Miles Lewis DIPPSA Sagrada Familia
Gaudi’s drawings for the pinnacles
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 126 GAUDI’S DECLINING YEARS
gradual withrawal from secular work
1904-14 replanning the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca
1910 exhibition of the Societé des Beaux-Arts, Paris
1914 death of Francesc Berenguer
1918 death of Eusebio Guell
public taste turns away from the modernismo
funds run out for the Sagrada Familia
Gaudi lives as a recluse
1926 Gaudi dies Sagrada Familia perspective view of the design as intended at the time of Gaudi’s death, 1926
Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', p 179 Sagrada Familia the inside wall of the south transept
Miles Lewis David Mackay, 'Berenguer', in Pevsner & Richards, The Anti- Rationalists, p 68 Sagrada Familia scale model for a window
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 168 Sagrada Familia the final design model & section Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 24 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101 THREE POINTS ABOUT GAUDI
nineteenth century approach
creativity
rational medievalism
Antonio Gaudi in the Corpus Christi procession, Barcelona, 1924 Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 124 1 GAUDI’S NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH
stylistic eclecticism
bold use of colour and texture
nationalism
naturalism influenced by the standard nineteenth century writers, probably Ruskin and Morris, and certainly Viollet-le-Duc 2 GAUDI’S CREATIVITY
historical sources are transfused with a new life
colour and texture exceed that of Butterfield &c
nationalism goes beyond the Catalan Gothic Revival naturalism - evokes fundamental biological structures and geological forms 3 RATIONAL MEDIEVALISM
Viollet wanted a Gothic architecture designed as he thought medieval designers WOULD have done if they had iron
Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced concrete
Gaudi used traditional brick and stonemasonry, and board vaults
Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if they had used angled struts, parabolic arches and warped surfaces