European Qualification standards in the Wine industry
EUROPEA Wine Championship A European competition for students in cooperation of EUROPEA & The Network of European Wine Schools
What is it? In the course of the EUROPEA Wine Championship students will compete in theoretical and practical matters of wine growing, wine making, wine tasting and general knowledge on wine industry. They have the possibility to exchange knowledge and experience and prove and compare their skills and abilities.
Who can participate? Each school which is member of the network of wine schools or EUROPEA can send one team.
What is a team? 2 students between 17 and 25 years of age together with a teamleader (teacher) form a team. Participants must still be at school or in training! One student is allowed to participate only once in the Wine Championships.
Which contests are there? There are 4 single contests (Grape growing / viticulture, Wine making / oenology, Wine tasting, Special Award: Host Country) and 1 team contest (all fields).
Regulations? The official regulations are written in English.
Language? During competition English will be the only official language.
Aid allowed? Students can use a simple calculator (no text processor or mobile phone) and bilingual diction- ary without technical explanations.
Jury? Judges can be appointed out of the group of team leaders.
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 1 Viticulture
Grape varieties • Recognizing all local and regional grape varieties • 1 Recognising the most important European grape varieties from catalogue • Description of those varieties • Description of soils and climates of varieties
Rootstocks • Recognizing main rootstocks (leaves and shoots) out of the given list • Requirements of the rootstocks (e.g. soil, humidity, limestone content, 2 resistances) • Genetic origin of the different rootstocks • Perform Omega grafting
Grapevine training and pruning • Calculating the plantation density • 3 Practice of different systems of pruning • Recognize and name the pruning systems • Name the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems
Plant nutrition • Name the essential nutrients and define their effects 4 • Recognize nutrient deficiencies in leaves and grapes • Name and recognize the fertilizer given in the list
Irrigation of the vineyard • 5 Calculating the water necessities of grapevine • Describing irrigation systems (drop irrigation, sprinkler irrigation)
Pests and diseases of the grapevine • Identifying damages produced by different pests • Identification of beneficial species 6 • Naming diseases that affect the grapevine • Identify diseases and their symptoms
Handling pesticides • Describing indicators for the timing of pesticide application • Selecting pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, miticides, herbicides • 7 Calculating doses of pesticides • Preparing the treatment • Carrying out conventional and low volume spraying • Security and hygiene in the handling of pesticide products
Quality improvement measures • 8 Leaf thinning, green pruning, shoot trimming, tipping, side shoot removal • Cluster thinning, green harvesting • Selective harvest
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 2 CATALOGUES - VITICULTURE
1) Grape varieties Name Synonyms
Blaufränkisch Limberger, Lemberger, Kékfrankos, Frankonia, Frankovka, Franconia Acheria, Bouchet, Trouchet noir, Cabernet, Kaberne frank, Cabernet bresciano, Cabernet franc Cabernet franco, Gros Cabernet Cabernet - Bidure, Petite Vidure, Bordeaux, Burdeos tinto, Kaberne-Sovinjon, Petit Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Morillon, Pinot Chardonnay, Gentil blanc, Pinot blanc Chardonnay Nemes Furmint, Kyraly Furmint, Fourminte, Tokaisky, Moslavac, Sipon, Zapner, Furmint Gelber Moster, Luttenberger, Weißlaber, Mosler Bourguignon noir, Petit Bourguignon, Gamay noir, Gamay Beaujolais, Blauer Gamay Gamet, Game Gelber Muska- Muscat blanc à petitis grains, Moscato bianco, Tamaioasa Romaneasa, Ruma- teller nische Weihrauchtraube, Tamianka Abundante, Alicante, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tocai rosso, Cannonao, Cannonau, Grenache Grenach Crni, Grenacha tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnatxa negra, Gironet, Lladoner, Granaccia, Guarnaccia Grüner Veltli- Weißgipfler, Green Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinec, Veltlínské Zelené, Veltliner ner Cadarca, Cadarca neagra, Nemes Kadarka, Fekete budai, Gâmza, Schwarzer Ka- Kadarka darka Merlot Merlot noir, Sémillon rouge, Merlo, Petit Merle, Bigney rouge, Plant Medoc
Müller Thurgau Rivaner, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizvanec
Nebbiolo Chiavennasca, Spanna, Lampia, Prugnet
Palomino Listao, Palmino fino, Alban, Listán blanco, Merseguera, Palamino, Malvasia Rei Blanc de Champagne, Pinot bianco, Beli Pinot, Feherburgundi, Weissburgunder, Pinot blanc Pinot blanco, Rulandské Bílé, Klevner Tokay d´Alsace, Pinot gris d’Alsace, Malvoisie, Pinot grigio, Szürkebarat, Ruländer, Pinot gris Rülander, Grauer Burgunder, Grau Burgunder, Pinot cendré, Sivi Pinot, Rulandské šedé Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Spätburgunder, Pinot nero, Burgundac Crni, Kisburgundi Pinot noir Kék, Pinot tinto Petracine, Riesling renano, Rajnai Rizling, White Riesling, Weißer Riesling, Rie- Rheinriesling sling, Klingelberger, Riesling de Rhin Sangiovese Sangioveto, Niellucciu, Nielluccio Sauvignon Blanc Fumé, Fumé, Sauvignon jaune, Muskat Sylvaner, Sauvignon petit blanc Syrah Shiraz, Neretto di Saluzzo, Serine, Syrac, Petite Syrah
Tempranillo Aragonez, Tinta Santiago, Verdiell, Termeno Aromatico, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Fermentin Rouge, Traminer aromati- Traminer co Welschriesling Rizling laski, Olasz riesling, Riesling Italico
Zweigelt Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Rotburger
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 3
2) rootstocks Teleki-Kober 5 BB: V. berlandieri x V. riparia Selection Oppenheim nr. 4: V. berlandieri x V. riparia Paulsen 1103: V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Couderc 3309: V. riparia x V. rupestris Ruggeri 140: V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Fercal: BC 1 ( V. berlandieri x Colombard 1) x 333 E.M. (Cabernet S. x V. berlandieri) Couderc 161-49 : V. riparia x V. berlandieri 110-Richter : V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 420A : V. berlandieri x V. riparia
3) pruning systems 3) training systems Guyot (single and double) Goblet GDC (Geneva double Cordon curtain) Minimal pruning Lyra Additional training systems can be part of the Special Award.
4) Nutrients 4) Fertilizers nitrogen Urea phosphorus Calcium ammonium nitrate potassium Superphosphate calcium Potassium sulphate magnesium Magnesium sulphate iron Boron folia fertilizer boron Iron chelate manganese Manure zinc Compost
6) Diseases scientific name common name Uncinula necator powdery mildew various fungi, e.g. Fomitiporia mediterranea , grapevine decline or esca Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Eutypa lata complex botrytis bunch rot or grey Botrytis cinerea mould
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 4 Penicillium expansum green mould Plasmopara viticola downy mildew phomopsis cane and leaf Phomopsis viticola spot Armillariella mellea armillaria root rot grapevine yellows (flaves- Phytoplasma vitis , Phytoplasma solani , (Candi- cence dorée) bois noir (black datus Phytoplasma vitis; class: Mollicutes ) wood) Agrobacterium vitis crown gall various yeasts and acetic acid bacteria , e.g. Kloeckera apiculata, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima,·Candida spp., Sac- sour bunch rot charomycopsis vini; Acetobacter spp., Glucono- bacter spp., Bacillus spp.
6) Pests phytophagous species common names Daktulosphaira vitifoliae grape phylloxera Lobesia botrana grape berry moth, vine moth Empoasca vitis green leafhopper Byctiscus betulae vine leaf roller flavescent leafhopper, American Scaphoideus titanus grapevine leafhopper Hyalestes obsoletus leafhopper Panonychus ulmi european red mite Eotetranychus carpini hornbeam mite Tetranychus urticae twospotted spider mite Calepitrimerus vitis rust mite
6) Beneficials species scientific name common name Typhlodromus pyri predatory mite Syrphidae hoverfly Chrysopidae green lacewing Coccinellidae ladybird ---- Egg parasitoids
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 5 Oenology
Must analysis Determination of pH - value in the must – by means of pH meter Determination of total acidity in the must – with n/3 lye with indicator (25 ml of must) Determination of sugar in the must – by means of refractometer or must spindle (de- termination of °Oechsle, °Brix, °KMW, grams per litre possible; a conversion table will be supplied at the contests) 1. Requirements: 1. carrying out the determination 2. describing the analysing methods 3. interpreting the results
Wine analysis Determination of pH - value in the wine – by means of pH meter Determination of total acidity in the wine – with n/3 lye with indicator (25 ml of wine) considering carbonic acid Determination of titrable sulphurous acid (H 2SO 3) – iodine solution (25 ml of wine and the following separated solutions: acid, starch, iodine) Determination of alcohol and total extract – distillation method 2. Determination of residual sugar (Rebelein or Fehling method) Requirements: 1. Carrying out the determination 2. Describing the analysing methods 3. Interpreting the results 4. Interpreting the total analysis
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 6
White wine and red wine production
Grape processing: Purpose of destemming Sulphuring of must (purpose, calculation of amount) Addition of enzymes (purpose) 3. Cooling of must Pneumatic presses (types, advantages and disadvantages) Melioration of must (calculation – grape juice concentrate)
Wine making: Measures for performance of fermentation (promotion and hindrance of fermentation) Wine containers (advantages and disadvantages, characteristics) contents of wine 4. Malolactic fermentation (advantages and disadvantages, prerequisites, prevention) Red wine making (fermentation on skins, stabilizing of colour)
Wine treatment and wine stabilization: Racking off (purpose, kinds, what to look for) Calculation of sulphuring Calculation of amounts of fining agents Acidification (additives, amounts, calculations) Deacidification (additives, amounts, calculations) 5. Wine stabilization (meta-tartaric acid, cooling, contact procedure) Addition of carbonic acid (purpose, possibilities) Addition of residual sweetness (with grape juice and grape juice concentrate – calcu- lations) Proper packing of sheet filters Describing the carrying out Bottling : Devices: hoses, pumps, sheet filter, automatic bottle filler 6. Task: assembling the line with filter and bottler up to the bottle for time – put into op- eration with water Wine faults Tasks: 1. recognizing the fault 7. 2. cause of fault 3. prevention of fault 4. possible elimination of fault Fining Tasks: 8. 1. Recognizing the agent 2. Purpose of usage 3. Carrying out the fining
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 7 CATALOGUES - OENOLOGY
7) Wine faults mouldy taste oxydation volatile acidity
SO 2 untypical ageing note filter taste Brettanomyces reduction cork taint
8) Fining agents bentonite blue fining ( potassium ferrocyanide) copper sulfate Polyvinylpolypyrrolidon (PVPP) charcoal casein gelatin
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 8
Conversion table: °Oe; %Brix; sugar g/l; Alc.Vol%; ~KMW
°Oechsle %Brix g/l sugar %Alc.Vol ~KMW °Oechsle %Brix g/l sugar %Alc.Vol ~KMW
40 9,14 104,00 5,063 8,00 96 21,94 249,60 12,152 19,20 41 9,37 106,60 5,190 8,20 97 22,17 252,20 12,278 19,40 42 9,60 109,20 5,316 8,40 98 22,40 254,80 12,405 19,60 43 9,83 111,80 5,443 8,60 99 22,63 257,40 12,532 19,80 44 10,06 114,40 5,570 8,80 100 22,86 260,00 12,658 20,00 45 10,29 117,00 5,696 9,00 101 23,09 262,60 12,785 20,20 46 10,51 119,60 5,823 9,20 102 23,31 265,20 12,911 20,40 47 10,74 122,20 5,949 9,40 103 23,54 267,80 13,038 20,60 48 10,97 124,80 6,076 9,60 104 23,77 270,40 13,165 20,80 49 11,20 127,40 6,203 9,80 105 24,00 273,00 13,291 21,00 50 11,43 130,00 6,329 10,00 106 24,23 275,60 13,418 21,20 51 11,66 132,60 6,456 10,20 107 24,46 278,20 13,544 21,40 52 11,89 135,20 6,582 10,40 108 24,69 280,80 13,671 21,60 53 12,11 137,80 6,709 10,60 109 24,91 283,40 13,797 21,80 54 12,34 140,40 6,835 10,80 110 25,14 286,00 13,924 22,00 55 12,57 143,00 6,962 11,00 111 25,37 288,60 14,051 22,20 56 12,80 145,60 7,089 11,20 112 25,60 291,20 14,177 22,40 57 13,03 148,20 7,215 11,40 113 25,83 293,80 14,304 22,60 58 13,26 150,80 7,342 11,60 114 26,06 296,40 14,430 22,80 59 13,49 153,40 7,468 11,80 115 26,29 299,00 14,557 23,00 60 13,71 156,00 7,595 12,00 116 26,51 301,60 14,684 23,20 61 13,94 158,60 7,722 12,20 117 26,74 304,20 14,810 23,40 62 14,17 161,20 7,848 12,40 118 26,97 306,80 14,937 23,60 63 14,40 163,80 7,975 12,60 119 27,20 309,40 15,063 23,80 64 14,63 166,40 8,101 12,80 120 27,43 312,00 15,190 24,00 65 14,86 169,00 8,228 13,00 121 27,66 314,60 15,316 24,20 66 15,09 171,60 8,354 13,20 122 27,89 317,20 15,443 24,40 67 15,31 174,20 8,481 13,40 123 28,11 319,80 15,570 24,60 68 15,54 176,80 8,608 13,60 124 28,34 322,40 15,696 24,80 69 15,77 179,40 8,734 13,80 125 28,57 325,00 15,823 25,00 70 16,00 182,00 8,861 14,00 126 28,80 327,60 15,949 25,20 71 16,23 184,60 8,987 14,20 127 29,03 330,20 16,076 25,40 72 16,46 187,20 9,114 14,40 128 29,26 332,80 16,203 25,60 73 16,69 189,80 9,241 14,60 129 29,49 335,40 16,329 25,80 74 16,91 192,40 9,367 14,80 130 29,71 338,00 16,456 26,00 75 17,14 195,00 9,494 15,00 131 29,94 340,60 16,582 26,20 76 17,37 197,60 9,620 15,20 132 30,17 343,20 16,709 26,40 77 17,60 200,20 9,747 15,40 133 30,40 345,80 16,835 26,60 78 17,83 202,80 9,873 15,60 134 30,63 348,40 16,962 26,80 79 18,06 205,40 10,000 15,80 135 30,86 351,00 17,089 27,00 80 18,29 208,00 10,127 16,00 136 31,09 353,60 17,215 27,20 81 18,51 210,60 10,253 16,20 137 31,31 356,20 17,342 27,40 82 18,74 213,20 10,380 16,40 138 31,54 358,80 17,468 27,60 83 18,97 215,80 10,506 16,60 139 31,77 361,40 17,595 27,80 84 19,20 218,40 10,633 16,80 140 32,00 364,00 17,722 28,00 85 19,43 221,00 10,759 17,00 141 32,23 366,60 17,848 28,20 86 19,66 223,60 10,886 17,20 142 32,46 369,20 17,975 28,40 87 19,89 226,20 11,013 17,40 143 32,69 371,80 18,101 28,60 88 20,11 228,80 11,139 17,60 144 32,91 374,40 18,228 28,80 89 20,34 231,40 11,266 17,80 145 33,14 377,00 18,354 29,00 90 20,57 234,00 11,392 18,00 146 33,37 379,60 18,481 29,20 91 20,80 236,60 11,519 18,20 147 33,60 382,20 18,608 29,40 92 21,03 239,20 11,646 18,40 148 33,83 384,80 18,734 29,60 93 21,26 241,80 11,772 18,60 149 34,06 387,40 18,861 29,80 94 21,49 244,40 11,899 18,80 150 34,29 390,00 18,987 30,00 95 21,71 247,00 12,025 19,00
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 9 Wine sensory & wine geography
Triangle Test - Tasting of 3 wines – recognise the 2 identical wines 1. - Can be done with alcohol, vintage, acidity, residual sugar, tan- nin, wood character
Sequence Test - Put 3-5 wines in increasing order by means of tasting 2. - Can be done with alcohol, vintage, acidity, residual sugar, tan- nin, wood character, volatile acidity
Wine faults 3. - Recognise and name faults by means of tasting
Varieties - Recognise and name varieties (possible varieties: Chardon- 4. nay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Muscat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Syrah)
Aromas 5. - Recognise aromas in wines (list of 54 aromas)
Wine s ervice - Describe one wine orally and present it in English - Choice of glasses, opening of bottle, decanting if necessary, 6. serving temperature time for preparation is given - Glasses, wine service, wine & food pairing will be added after further discussion
Winegrowing countries - list of 10 European countries: - Knowledge of general facts - Name the most important wine growing regions - Allocate the most important wines to the regions 7. - Knowledge of the most important white & red varieties - General knowledge of legal requirements in the countries - Allocate wine specialities to the countries
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 10
CATALOGUES – WINE SENSORY & GEOGRAPHIE
3) Wine faults mouldy taste oxydation volatile acidity
SO 2 untypical ageing note filter taste Brettanomyces reduction cork taint
4) Varieties Chardonnay Muscat Riesling Sauvignon blanc
Cabernet sauvignon Merlot Pinot noir Syrah
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 11
5) Aromas aromas following "Le nez du vin" acacia mint anise Muscat apple muscat-grape apricot mushroom banana musk bitter almond oak black currant orange Blackberry buds Passion fruit butter pear cacao pepper caramel pine cherry pineapple Chocolate plum cinnamon quince clove raspberry Coconut rose coffee smoke Grapefruit strawberry green pepper (bell pepper) tar hay thyme hazelnut Tilia flower honey Toasted bread iodine Tobacco Leather truffle lemon vanilla Lichee violet liquorice walnut
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 12 7) Important wine producing countries in Europe
Austria
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Spain
Switzerland
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 13 Austria (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyards: 46,000 hectares • Total production of wine: on average 2.5 mill. hectolitres • Significance among wine production in Europe: #10 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 1% of wine quantity
Wine growing ar eas
Weinviertel DAC
Kamptal DAC
Wagram
Kremstal DAC
Thermenregion
Wachau
Carnuntum
Traisental DAC
Neusiedlersee DAC
Leithaberg DAC
Mittelburgenland DAC
Eisenberg DAC
Südsteiermark
Süd-Oststeiermark
Weststeiermark
Wien
White varieties: Grüner Veltliner (30%), Welschriesling (8%), Weißburgunder (4%), Chardonnay (3%), Müller Thurgau (4%), Riesling (4%)
Red varieties: Zweigelt (14%), Blaufränkisch (7%), Blauer Portugieser (4%), Blauburger (2%), St. Laurent (2%)
Legal requirements: Depending on sugar degrees (in Austria measured in °KMW), the following quality categories are defined: • Wein • Landwein • Qualitätswein • Qualitätswein (Quality wine) • DAC (Qualitätswein bestimmter Herkunft, Qualitätswein of controlled origin) • Kabinett • Prädikatsweine: Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Eiswein, Strohwein, Schilf- wein, Ausbruch, Trockenbeerenauslese Specialities: Uhudler, Schilcher, G’spritzer, Gemischter Satz
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 14 France (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyards: 770,000 hectares • Total production of wine: on average 52 mill. hectolitres, of this 7 for Cognac & Armagnac production • Direct jobs in France: 250,000 • Significance among wine production in Europe: #2 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 20% of wine quantity (#1 equal with Italy) • Total export: 14 mill. hectolitres Wine growing regions
Bordeaux
Bourgogne
Côtes du Rhône
Provence
Alsace
Val de Loire
Champagne
Jura
Savoie
Languedoc-Roussillon
Sud-Ouest
White varieties: Chardonnay(5,6%), Sauvignon blanc(3,5%), Chenin blanc, Chassel- as, Viognier, Muscat, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Gewürztraminer, Riesling, Savagnin, Sémillon, Ugni blanc (10,2% pour Cognac et Armagnac) Rosé varieties: Grenache, Syrah, Cinsault, Mourvedre, Tibouren Red varieties: Merlot(14%), Grenache(11%), Syrah(8%), Cabernet Sauvignon(6,5%), Carignan(5,3%), Pinot noir(3,7%), Cabernet franc, Gamay(3,5%), Malbec, Petit Verdot, Tannat Legal requirements: Authorized under production regions: Irrigation, Mechanical harvest, chaptalisation (max:1,5%vol), acidification Quality categories: - Vin de Table (11%) - Vin de Pays (28%) - AOC et VDQS (45%) - Pour production Cognac et Armagnac (16%) Specialities made from wine: Cognac, Armagnac, Champagne, Vin Jaune Specialities : le foie gras (Sud-Ouest), les escargots (Bourgogne), les crèpes (Bretagne), la choucroute (Alsace), le cassoulet (Languedoc), la bouillabaise (Marseille), la quiche “Lor- raine” et tous les fromages de France
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 15 Germany (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total acreage: 100,000 ha • Total production of wine: on average 10 mill. hectolitres • Number of enterprises (wine warehouses): appr. 80.000 wine growers • Significance among wine production in Europe: #7 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 2.7% of wine quantity Wine growing regions Rheinhessen: 26.444 ha Pfalz: 23.461 ha Baden: 15.900 ha Württemberg: 11.500 ha Mosel: 9.034 ha Franken: 6.063 ha Nahe: 4.155 ha Rheingau: 3.125 ha Saale-Unstrut: 685 ha Ahr 552 ha Sachsen: 462 ha Mittelrhein: 461 ha Hessische Bergstrasse: 440 ha
White varieties (65%): Riesling 22%, Müller Thurgau: 13%, Silvaner: 5%, Grauer Burgunder: 5% ,Weißer Burgunder: 4%, Kerner: 3%, Bacchus: 2%, Scheurebe: 1%, Chardonnay: 1% Red varieties (35%) : Spätburgunder: 12%, Dornfelder: 8%, Portugieser: 4%, Trollinger: 2%, Schwarzriesling: 2%, Regent: 2%, Lemberger 2%, St. Laurent: 1%, Merlot 1% Legal requirements: Depending on sugar degrees (in Germany measured in °Oechsle), the following quality categories are defined: • Tafelwein: minimum alcohol content 8.5% • Landwein: minimum sugar degree of 47°Oe in berries • Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA): minimum sugar degree of 57- 62°Oe in berries (subject to certain region) • Qualitätswein mit Prädikat: no sugar must be added before fermentation o Kabinett: minimum sugar degree of 67-83°Oe in berries o Spätlese: minimum sugar degree of 76-90°Oe in berries o Auslese: minimum sugar degree of 83-95°Oe in berries o Beerenauslese: minimum sugar degree of 110-128°Oe in berries o Trockenbeerenauslese: minimum sugar degree of 150-154°Oe in berries o Eiswein: must be processed with frozen berries (min -6°C), min. 110-128°Oe Specialities: • Weißherbst: synonym for Rosé wine: wine of red grapes of which only juice is fermented, (like wine produced out of white grapes), but 100% one variety • Rotling: wine produced out of red and white grapes that are fermented together (like white wine) • Schillerwein: Rotling wine from Wuerttemberg • Schorle: mixture of mineral wine and water (>50% wine required)
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 16 Hungary (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyards: 76,516 hectares • Total production of wine: on average 2.8 mill. hectolitres • Significance among wine production in Europe: #9 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 1% of wine quantity
Wine growing regions
Alföld (the Great Plains)
Balaton
Duna (Danube)
Eger
North- Transdanubia
Pannon
Tokaj.
White varieties: Olaszrizling (Welschriesling, %), Szürkebarát (Pinot Gris, %), Tramini (%), Chardonnay (%), Ottonel Muskotály (Muscat Ottonel, %)
Red varieties: Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch, %), Blauer Portugieser (%), Kadarka (%), Merlot (%), Cabernet Franc (%)
Legal requirements: Depending on sugar degrees (in Hungary measured in °KMW), the following quality levels are defined: • DHC - Districtus Hungaricus Controllatus – Wine with Protected Origin • OFJ – Oltalom alatt álló földrajzi jelzéssel - Protected Geographical Indication • FJN – Földrajzi jelzés nélküli – Without Protected Geographical Indication • OEM - Oltalom alatt álló eredetmegjelölés- Protected Designation of Origin • HNT – Hegyközségek Nemzeti Tanácsa - National Council of Wine Communities
Specialities: Tokaji Aszú – Tokay - Hungarian sweet white wine made from grapes affected by the ’noble rot’ Bull’s Blood of Eger / Szekszárd – A blend of several selected red varieties
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 17 Italy (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyards: 650,000 hectares • Total production of wine: on average 45 mill. hectolitres • Number of enterprises: 385,000 • Significance among wine production in Europe: #3 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 16% of wine quantity Wine growing ar eas North Center South and Islands • Trentino Alto Adige • Toscana • Abruzzo
• Lombardia • Umbria • Molise
• Valle d’Aosta • Marche • Campania • • • Piemonte Lazio Basilicata • • Liguria Publia • • Veneto Calabria • Friuli Venezia Giulia • Sicilia • Emilia-Romagna • Sardegna
White varieties: Trebbiano toscano: 5.3%, Glera: 3.84%, Catarratto: 3.56%, Char- donnay, 3.25%, Pinot grigio: 2.91%, Trebbiano romagnolo: 2.39%, Moscato bianco: 2.07%
Red varieties: Sangiovese: 11.12%, Montepulciano: 4.90%, Merlot: 4.27%, Barbera: 3.49%, Cabernet Sauvignon: 2.53%, Nero d´Avola: 2.33%, Negro amaro: 1.90%, Primitivo: 1.63%
Legal requirements: the following quality categories are defined: • DOCG Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita • DOC Denominazione di Origine Controllata • IGT Indicazione Geografica Tipica • Vino Classification according to age and vinification - Riserva Specialities: • Vino passito • Vermouth • Prosecco • Grappa
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 18 Portugal (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total acreage: 230,000 hectares • Total production: on average 6 mill. hectolitres • Significance among wine production in Europe: #5 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 2% of wine quantity Wine growing regions
1. Bucelas DOC 17. Távora-Varosa DOC 2. Colares DOC 18. Dão DOC 19. Beira Interior DOC 3. Setúbal DOC 20. Alentejo DOC 4. Carcavelos DOC 21. Palmela DOC 5. Alenquer DOC 22. Lagos DOC 6. Torres Vedras DOC 23. Portimão DOC 7. Arruda DOC 24. Lagoa DOC 8. Óbidos DOC 25. Tavira DOC 9. Lourinhã DOC 26. Madeira DOC & Madeirense DO 10. Ribatejo DOC 27. Graciosa IPR 11. Encostas de Aire DOC 28. Biscoitos IPR 12. Bairrada DOC 29. Pico IPR 13. Lafões IPR 14. Vinho Verde DOC 15. Trás-os-Montes DO 16. Porto DOC & Douro DOC
Regions with special significance: Alentejo, Bairrada, Dao, Douro, Madeira, Porto, Vinho Verde
White varieties: Alvarinho, Arinto, Bical, Loureiro, María Gomes (Fernao Pires)
Red varieties: Baga, Castelao franco, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira Legal requirements • Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region (QWPSR) or VQPRD - Vinho de Qualidade Produzido em Região Demarcada • Wines D.O.C. ( Denominação de Origem Controlada ) which secures a superior quality. • Wines that have more regulations placed up on them but are not in a DOC region fall under the category of Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada (IPR, In- dication of Regulated Provenance) • Regional Wine - Vinho Regional Carries with it a specific region within Portugal. • Table Wines - Vinho de Mesa carries with it only the producer and the designa- tion that it's from Portugal. Designation for special bottlings: - Reserva - Garrafeira
Specialities: Port wine, Madeira, Moscatel de Setubal
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 19 Romania (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total acreage: 181,011 hectares • Total production: on average 4 mill. hectolitres • Number of enterprises (wineries): 163 • Significance worldwide: -
Wine growing regions and the most important vineyards
Podi şul Transilvaniei
Moldova
Muntenia and Oltenia
Banat
Cri şana and Maramure ş
Dobrogea
Danube Terraces
Southern Lands
White varieties: Feteasc ă alb ă (12%), Feteasc ă regal ă (16%), Gras ă de Cotnari(2%), Frâncu şă (1,2 %), Galben ă de Odobe şti (1%), T ămâioas ă româneasc ă (0,7%)
Red and rose varieties : Feteasc ă Neagr ă (2%),, Băbeasca Neagr ă (3%), Cadarc ă (1,3 %), Ro şioar ă (1,6%), Negru de Dr ăgăş ani (1,7%)
Legal requirement s Legislation according to the methodological norm of 28 July 2010 on Grapes and Wine Law no. 244/2002 - Table wine - Wine with GI - DOC-wines (wine with appelation of origin) - Harvested at full maturity (DOC-CMD) - Late harvest (DOC-CT) - Noble harvest (DOC – CIB) Specialities: Vin pelin, Vermut
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 20 Slovenia (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total acreage: ~16,000 hectares • Total production: on average 0.55 mill. hectolitres • Number of enterprises (wineries): ~28,000 winegrowers • Significance worldwide: - Wine growing regions and areas
Podravje (6,780 ha) - Štajerska Slovenija - Prekmurje
Posavje (2703 ha) - Dolenjsk - Bizeljsko-Sremi č - Bela krajina
Primorje (6490 ha): - Vipavska dolina - Slovenska Istra - Goriška brda - Kras
White varieties (70%, 37 varieties) : Laški rizling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Malvazija, Rebula
Red varieties (30%, 15 varieties) : Refošk, Merlot, Žametna črnina, Modra Frankinja, Cabernet Sauvignon
Legal requirements Depending on sugar degrees (in Slovenia measured in °Oechsle), the following quality categories are defined: • namizna vina (table wine) (min sugar degree 64°Öe) • deželna vina (land wine) • kakovostna vina (quality wine) (min sugar degree 75°Öe) • vrhunska vina (premium quality wine) (min sugar degree 83°Öe) • predikatna vina o pozna trgatev (late harvest) (min sugar degree 92°Öe) o izbor (selection) (min sugar degree 108°Öe) o jagodni izbor (berry selection) (min sugar degree 128°Öe) o ledeno vino (ice wine) (min 128°Öe, frozen berries 3-4 days, min -7°C) o suhi jagodni izbor (dry berry selection) (min sugar degree 154°Öe)
PGO (priznano geografsko oznako) (with geographical indication) ZGP (zaš čiteno geografsko poreklo ) (produced in specified region) PTP (priznano tradicionalno poimenovanje) (recognised traditional denomination) Specialities: Cvi ček (PTP), Teran (PTP)
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 21 Spain (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyards: 1,000,000 hectares • Total production of wine: on average 40 mill. hectolitres • Significance among wine production in Europe: #1 at hectares • Significance worldwide: 13% of wine quantity
Wine growing regions
Regions with special significance: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Jerez, Cata- lunya, Gali- cia, Rueda, Mediterraneo (Valencia, Alicante , Murcia).
White varieties: Airen (25%), Macabeo (2% Cava) Palomino (1% Jerez), Verdejo (1% Rueda), Albariño (0.5% Rias Baixas-Galicia). Red varieties: Tempranillo (19%, Rioja, R. Duero), Bobal (7%, La Mancha), Garnacha (7%), Monastrell (6%, Mediterraneo), Mencia (1%, Galicia - Bierzo). Legal requirements: IGP : • Vino de la Tierra DOP : • Denominación de Origen • Denominación de Origen Calificada • Vino de Calidad con indicación geográfica • Vino de Pago • Vino de Pago Calificado Classification according to age : Joven, Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva Specialities: Cava (sparkling wines), Under veil wines ageing wines, Oxidative age- ing wines (Sherry), Sweets wines
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 22 Switzerland (data 2013)
Facts and figures • Total hectares of vineyard: 15’000 hectares • Total production of wine: 1 million hectolitres • Significance among wine production in Europe: place #15; 0,5% of European production • Significance worldwide: very little significance Wine growing regions Germany Valais – 5200 ha, red
dominant.
Vaud – 3800 ha, France white highly Austria dominant.
Geneva – 1500 ha, red dominant.
Neuchâtel – 3 Lakes
- 950 ha, white
slightly dominant.
Ticino – 1000 ha, almost only red. Italy France Swiss German part – 2600 ha, red mostly
highly dominant.
White varieties: Chasselas (27%), Müller-Thurgau (3%), Chardonnay (2%), Sylvaner (1,5 %), Pinot gris(1,5%). Red varieties : Pinot noir (29%), Gamay (10%), Merlot (7%), Gamaret (2,5%) , Garanoir (1,5%). Legal requirements Legislation according to the Swiss Federal Law for Wines no. 916.140. According to region of production, natural sugar content and grape yield, wines are classified in the three European-like quality level system: - Table wine = wine with no geographical indication - Wine with GI = „vin de pays”, „Landwein” - AOC wines (wine with appelation of origin) All kind of wines are allowed to be produced (still wines, sparkling wines, late harvest, ice wine, licor wines, ...). Under the Swiss Federal law, every wine region has its own regulations which are more restrictive. Specialities : - Native Swiss grape varieties: Petite Arvine, Amigne, Completer, Cornalin, Diolinoir, Humagne blanche, Humagne rouge, Räuschling, … - All the wines produced out of varieties that are not the five principal ones (Pinot noir, Chasselas, Gamay, Merlot and Müller-Thurgau) are called “specialities”, are quite rare and very demanded among wine connoisseurs.
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 23
Special Award Austria
Written test Tasks with wine 1. Recognizing varieties x 2. Wine growing regions and areas x 3. Legal requirements X 4. Technical questions on Austria x
Only students from abroad are eligible to participate!
For equal chances of participants of different countries, the organizing country must prepare a set of questions (covering all or some of the topics 1 – 4) and checklist(s) that cover the Special Award (e.g. list of grape varieties in addition to the Contest Wine Tasting, list of special terms or specialities of the host country). The organizing school must offer a package of wine which is suitable for preparation of students. This package has to be offered at the best price possible including transport and can be ordered by the schools interested in or registered for the Championship at their own expense (wine and transport). The wines, the number of wines, the number of bottles per wine are defined by the organising school depend- ing on the specific circumstances.
The set of questions, checklists and wine offer has to be distributed to all participants with the first official invitation to register.
10th EUROPEA Wine Championship – Klosterneuburg, Austria 2015 – Version 2014-12-09 page 24