VASCULAR PLANT INVENTORY OF

DEER CREEK CENTER PROPERTY

IN SELMA, OREGON

by

KEIR A. MORSE

A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology and the Graduate School of Southern Oregon University in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

in

SCIENCE

Ashland, Oregon 2008

THESIS APPROVAL PAGE

Approved:

______Date Steven Jessup, Thesis Committee Chair

______Date Karen Stone, Committee Member

______Date Charles Welden, Committee Member

______Date Josie Wilson, Acting Dean College of Arts & Sciences

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ABSTRACT OF THESIS

VASCULAR PLANT INVENTORY OF

DEER CREEK CENTER PROPERTY

IN SELMA, OREGON

by Keir A. Morse

The Deer Creek Center is an approximately 332 hectare educational and research property located in the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion near the Josephine County town of

Selma in southwestern Oregon. A vascular plant inventory was conducted on about 260 hectares of this property from late March to mid September 2007. This study documents

596 vascular plant taxa in 86 families and 354 genera using both photography and voucher specimens. 18 of these taxa appear to be new records for Josephine County; 31 are endemic to southwestern Oregon and northern California; 25 are listed as rare, threatened, or endangered; and 15 are listed as noxious weeds.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION...... 1

Purpose...... 1 Physical Location...... 1 Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion...... 3 Climate...... 5 Geology...... 5 Soils...... 7 Topography...... 7 Hydrology...... 9 Site History / Disturbances...... 12

II. METHODS...... 15

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 18

Endemic Plants...... 20 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants...... 21 Introduced Plants...... 22 Horticultural Plants...... 23 Unidentified Plant...... 25 Morphological Variation and Hybridization...... 26 Vegetative Communities...... 28 Phenology...... 33 Summary of Recommendation...... 34

LITERATURE CITED ...... 36

APPENDICES...... 39

Appendix A: Annotated vascular plant list...... 40 Appendix B: Synonymy between the Oregon Plant Atlas , The Jepson Manual , and Kozloff’s flora ...... 79

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

PAGE

Appendix C: Blooming order of flowering plants on the DCC property in 2007...... 106 Appendix D: Additional vascular plant resources for the DCC area...... 123 Appendix E: Contents of attached DVD...... 124

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LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

Table 1. Floristic synopsis of Deer Creek Center ...... 18

Table 2. Possible new records of vascular plant taxa in Josephine County, Oregon .... 19

Table 3. Vascular plant taxa endemic to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California occurring on Deer Creek Center property ...... 20

Table 4. Rare, threatened, and endangered vascular plants occurring on Deer Creek Center property...... 21

Table 5. Introduced vascular plant taxa classified as noxious weeds ...... 22

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LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE

Figure 1. Deer Creek Center location and boundaries ...... 2

Figure 2. Geology of Deer Creek Center ...... 6

Figure 3. Soils of Deer Creek Center...... 8

Figure 4. Slopes on Deer Creek Center...... 10

Figure 5. Hydrology of Deer Creek Center...... 11

Figure 6. Before and after aerial photos of logging on the northeastern corner of the northern parcel of the Deer Creek Center property...... 13

Figure 7. Plant collection sites on Deer Creek Center property...... 17

Figure 8. Distribution of noxious weeds and rare, threatened, and endangered taxa among plant collection sites on Deer Creek Center property...... 24

Figure 9. Leaves of Balsamorhiza sericea (A), B. sericea x deltoidea (B), and B. deltoidea ...... 27

Figure 10. Flowers of Orobanche uniflora (A and B) and O. fasciculata (C)...... 28

Figure 11. Variation in flower morphology of Epilobium brachycarpum ...... 29

Figure 12. Number of taxa first flowering in each month...... 34

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INTRODUCTION

Purpose

Deer Creek Center (DCC) is an approximately 332 hectare property in southwestern Oregon recently acquired by the Southern Oregon University Foundation and the Siskiyou Field Institute. The property is used for both educational and research purposes. This survey provides baseline data on the vascular plants of the property that will assist in management decisions pertaining to introduced and rare taxa on the property. It also provides information and resources for plant related educational and research activities. The data will contribute to the Oregon Flora Project (OFP) by adding to the official statewide distribution records of those vascular plants found on the property.

Physical Location

The DCC property is located within the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion in the state of Oregon in Josephine County just west of the town of Selma (Figure 1). The property consists of two separate land parcels. The southern parcel of about 148 hectares lies mostly adjacent and south of Illinois River Road and between Highway 199 and Squaw

Creek. About 28 hectares lie on Eight Dollar Mountain. The boundaries on the western

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2

Figure 1. Deer Creek Center location and boundaries (USGS,1996).

3 edge of the northwestern section of this parcel were unclear at the time of the survey with no boundary markers and a 35m discrepancy between available data sources. Ranchers lease approximately 70 hectares of the eastern half of the south parcel for cattle grazing.

I decided against surveying most of this area as I wanted to focus my time on those areas of immediate research and/or educational use. The northern parcel is 185.5 hectares and about 1.2 km north of Illinois River Road in the Squaw Creek watershed. The boundaries of this parcel appear correct with permanent markers at each corner and marked boundaries along Forest Service land.

Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion

The Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion is located in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California with ambiguous boundaries that vary between resources. In general, this region encompasses the contiguous area of mountains and drainages connecting the Coast Ranges and the south Cascade Range (Coleman & Kruckeberg,

1999.)

Comparing the temperate conifer ecoregions of the United States and Canada, the

Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion ranks fifth in vascular plant richness with 1859 native species, second in plant endemism with 7% of the native vascular plants endemic, and first in conifer richness with 30 species. One location within this region contains the world’s highest recorded number of conifer species at a single site: 17 in a 2.6 km 2 area.

Worldwide, the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion ranks in the top 10 most globally distinct temperate conifer forest ecoregions (DellaSala, 1999).

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Several reasons account for the high richness and endemism of the Klamath-

Siskiyou Ecoregion. Geographically, it provides a meeting ground for taxa of other floristic regions. The northern and southernmost ranges of many plants occur there.

Additionally, the Klamath Mountains act as a corridor connecting the Coastal Range with the Cascade Range facilitating an east-west movement of taxa not possible north and south of the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion due to the large north-south running valleys

(Whittaker, 1960).

Secondly the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion provided a refuge against past climatic changes such as glaciation, desiccation, and flooding as well as geologic disturbances such as lava flows. Favorable conditions in this region allowed for the uptake and persistence of taxa perishing in the less benign surrounding regions (Whittaker,1960).

Finally, this ecoregion hosts a wide variety of habitats in relation to climate, topography, and parent material of soil accommodating the diverse needs of the many plants that grow there. In general, warmer temperatures occur further from the coast and at lower elevations. Temperature extremes and variation increase further from the coast.

Extreme temperatures range from -26 to 45°C with mean annual temperatures at lower elevations generally around 11°C. Annual precipitation strongly decreases away from the coast with mean coastal precipitation ranging from over 180 cm on the coast to less than 50 cm in the interior valleys (Whittaker, 1960). Elevations range from sea level to

2754m at the widest extremes of the various possible boundaries.

Of particular interest among the many soil parent materials of this region is the abundance of ultramafic rock such as serpentine and peridotite. Ultramafic soils tend to host an abundance of endemic plants. Their combination of low calcium, high

5 magnesium, and high heavy metals make them unfavorable for most plants to grow on.

Plants overcome these stresses through evolution into new serpentine endemic taxa and serpentine tolerant variations of more wide-ranging taxa (Kruckeberg, 1984).

Climate

The surveyed area has a climate of hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The nearest climate data available for DCC area comes from an NOAA associated climate station in Cave Junction about 13 km south of DCC with a similar elevation to the lower elevations of the property. For the period of 1971-2000 this data indicates an average of

49 days/year with high temperatures over 32°C and 79 days/year with lows below 0°C.

The maximum recorded temperature was 43.3°C and the minimum was -21°C. Below freezing temperatures occurred between September and June. Average yearly precipitation was 159 cm with only 3.8 cm from June through August. (Oregon Climate

Service, 2007)

Geology

The surveyed area contains four generalized geology types classified by the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (Figure 2). Ultramafic rock covers 67.6% of the area, quaternary sediment covers 17.1%, landslide deposit covers

10.6%, and metasedimentary rock covers the remaining 4.7%. The ultramafic rock consists predominantly of serpentinite and peridotite. The quaternary sediment consists of stream deposited sand, silt, and gravel. The landslide deposit is completely surrounded

6

Figure 2. Geology of Deer Creek Center (Ramp and Peterson, 2004).

7 by ultramafic rock with metavolcanic rock upslope just off the property making it possibly a mix of both. The metasedimentary rock may consist of slaty siltstone, sandstone, and/or shale (Ramp and Peterson, 2004).

Soils

The surveyed area contains twelve soil types classified by the United States

Department of Agriculture – Soil Conservation Service (Figure 3). Four soil types describe 86% of this area: Eightlar-Dubakella complex, Dubakella-Pearsoll complex,

Eightlar extremely loamy clay, and Cornutt-Dubakella complex. The term complex refers to an intermingling of soil types not practical to separate when mapped at the scale used (Soil Conservation Service, 1983). A more detailed soil survey of the property would presumable yield Eightlar, Dubakella, Pearsoll, and Cornutt as the dominate soil types. All four of these soil types are rocky clays and clay loams derived dominantly from ultramafic rock. The Cornutt type is derived from altered sedimentary and extrusive igneous rock as well as ultramafic rock. The remaining soils are mostly non-ultramafic loams and alluvial deposits located in or near the Deer Creek floodplain (Soil

Conservation Service, 1983).

Topography

Elevations on the property range from about 381 to 756m (Figure 1). The lowest point lies on the most downstream section of Deer Creek. The highest point lies

8

Figure 3. Soils of Deer Creek Center (Soil Conservation Service, 1983).

9 close to the northwestern corner of the property. Most of the property is sloped with slopes ranging from 0 to greater than 45 degrees (Figure 4). Average slopes on the property range from 5 to 25 degrees. The slopes run from Eight Dollar Mountain and

Squaw Mountain down to Deer Creek and Squaw Creek. The flat areas lie predominantly in the Deer Creek floodplain and the steepest areas occur scattered around the edges of the northern parcel. The property encompasses aspects of all directions

(Figure 1) with a trend to more east than west facing slopes (USGS,1999).

Hydrology

Deer Creek Center contains both riparian and palustrine wetlands (Figure 5).

Deer Creek runs east to west across the southern parcel. The creek ranges from 5 to 25m across in winter months with many areas drying to a trickle in summer months. The ranchers leasing the pastures for cattle grazing pump water out of Deer Creek for irrigation during summer months. A large, altered drainage flows across the pastures and into Deer Creek. Historically, at least parts of the pastures were wetlands with standing water through the summer (Siskiyou Biological Services, 2005). Some wetland plants are still evident in the pastures today. Several fens and seeps flow down Eight Dollar

Mountain into Deer Creek with as much as 25% of the Eight Dollar Mountain section of the property wet through spring or longer.

The northern parcel contains Squaw Creek running north to south and its tributaries which measure generally no more than 5m across. Two main tributaries retain flowing water year round while the others mostly dry up in the summer. Scattered seeps occur across the northern parcel with most drying by summer.

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Figure 4. Slopes on Deer Creek Center (USGS, 1999).

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Figure 5. Hydrology of Deer Creek Center. Wetland boundaries approximated from aerial photos.

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Site History / Disturbances

Besides DCC’s main office, there are at least two other historic home sites on the property. On the northern parcel, one site is still evident as a small standing building next to a couple of collapsed buildings. The second site, also on the northern parcel, burned down but the building’s foundation remains. In both cases, especially around the burnt building, horticultural plants persist. Additional scattered areas of horticultural plants and cultural relics throughout the property suggest the possibility of other home sites or at least well dispersed human disturbance.

Most of the pastures on the southern parcel are currently being grazed and have likely been put to some agricultural use for at least 50 years. Scattered fence lines and what is presumably an old cattle trail suggest that the northern parcel was grazed at in the past. Groups of old fruit trees suggest the possibility that small orchards may have existed in the past.

Scattered cut stumps in various stages of decomposition across the property indicate a long but probably not very intensive logging history. Starting in 2002, DCC’s previously landowners logged several sections of the northern parcel (Siskiyou Biological

Services, 2005). The logging was selective and focused on larger trees, but left considerable damage in the way of roads and skid trails (Figure 6).

Chromite mining occurred on the upper property in 1938 or earlier (Allen, 1938).

Mining was still active in 1952 with three claims (Horseshoe, Rhea, and Lone Pine) on the property owned by Lennie Brooks and A.E. Williams in 1953 (Ramp, 1961). Several of the mined areas are still evident as small pits and quarries dug into serpentine. The

13 mines were all relatively small with the roads to them likely causing more destruction than the mines themselves. Judging by the claim locations marked on a Department of

Geology and Mineral Industries map (Ramp and Peterson, 1979), the Rhea and Lone Pine claims were the main focus of mining. I saw no obvious signs of mining in the

Horseshoe area.

Figure 6. Before and after aerial photos of logging on the northeastern corner of the northern parcel of the Deer Creek Center property.

The property likely has a history of fires. The most recent fire was 2002’s lightning ignited Biscuit Fire. Firefighters lit a burnout fire on the property to prevent the spread of the Biscuit Fire causing low to moderate vegetative mortality. (Siskiyou

Biological Services, 2005)

All of these activities have created roads to such an extent that most areas of the property are within 200 meters of a road. Many of these roads are becoming revegetated and others such as those in the recently logged areas have become much enlarged (Figure

6). Throughout 2007 I saw both trespassers and evidence of trespassers using these roads

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for motor vehicle recreation with trucks, ATVs, and dirt bikes sometimes as frequently as a twice a week. Several of the roads entering the property were blocked off over the summer but determined people could still get onto the property with wire cutters. At the time I finished my inventory, the main gate was still left unlocked and people were still trespassing to drive around on these roads perhaps continuing the spread of exotic plants.

METHODS

Over the course of the 2007 growing season from late-March to mid-September, I surveyed the DCC property searching many geographically and ecologically distinct areas each week trying to find each taxon as it emerged. My weekly search areas varied so as to cover most of the property. I occasionally returned to previously searched areas visiting most areas of the property at least four times over the survey period. See Figure

7 for plant collection sites.

Upon the first encounter of each taxon with mature flowers, I photographed the plant, collected a specimen for herbarium use, and recorded habitat and location data.

Those plants requiring mature fruit to identify, I later recollected. I took location data with a Garmin Etrex Vista C gps unit getting an averaged position of at least 50 points per location yielding an accuracy of around 5 meters. I recorded associated species data once I became more familiar with the taxa of the property. Associated species generally occurred within 10m of the collection point. Most early collection sites where I had not previously collected associated species data I later revisited to collect said data. I ignored horticultural plantings in the vicinity of the main office. I did however include persistent horticultural plantings around abandoned home sites on the property.

I identified most specimens using The Jepson Manual (Hickman, 1993) and

Plants of Western Oregon, Washington and British Columbia (Kozloff, 2005) followed

15

16 by verification of all questionable identifications with specimens in the Southern Oregon

University herbarium. Many varieties would not key clearly. In such cases I dropped the variety from the taxon. Additional resources I used include Flora of North America

North of Mexico (FNAEC, 1993+), Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Hitchcock,

1955-69), Intermountain Flora (Cronquist, 1972+), A California Flora and Supplement

(Munz, 1968), and Hortus Third (Bailey, 1976). I also sent several questionable Carex specimens to Joy Mastrogiuseppe, author of the Carex key in The Jepson Manual , for verification.

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Figure 7. Plant collection sites on Deer Creek Center property.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From late March to early April I collected 726 plants resulting in 596 unique taxa

(Table 1), 2 hybrids, and 1 unidentifiable plant. See Appendix A for complete list. The largest represented families, with the number of taxa in parentheses, are: Asteraceae (70),

Poaceae (65), Fabaceae (34), Liliaceae (32), Rosaceae (30), Scrophulariaceae (25),

Cyperaceae (23), Apiaceae (22), Brassicaceae (21), and Caryophyllaceae (19).

Table 1. Floristic synopsis of Deer Creek Center County Families Genera Native Introduced Endemic Records Taxa Ferns 7 11 14 0 0 0 14

Conifers 3 5 8 0 0 0 8

Dicots 69 261 323 112 26 18 435

Monocots 7 77 106 32 5 0 139

Total 86 354 451 144 31 18 596

Taxonomy follows the Oregon Plant Atlas (OFP, 2007) as it contains more of the taxa found than either The Jepson Manual or Kozloff’s flora. See Appendix B for synonymy between these three resources. Not counting horticultural waifs and hybrids,

The Jepson Manual excludes 14 taxa found on the property and Kozloff’s flora excludes

11 taxa. Using these references together mostly overcomes this problem.

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Some of the taxonomy between resources is extremely unclear. For example, The

Jepson Manual recognizes Lupinus polycarpus as a synonym of Lupinus bicolor where the Oregon Plant Atlas recognizes Lupinus polycarpus as a distinct taxon. Alternately, the Oregon Plant Atlas recognizes Lupinus nanus as a synonym of Lupinus bicolor where

The Jepson Manual recognizes Lupinus nanus as a distinct taxon.

I checked all taxa found against Richard Straw’s Josephine County species list

(Straw, 2007), the Oregon Plant Atlas , Kozloff’s flora, and the SOU herbarium to see if any might be new records for Josephine County. Not including those plants persisting in historic gardens, I found 18 taxa with no apparent records for Josephine County (Table

2). Four of these are native to Oregon and the remaining 14 are introduced.

Table 2. Possible new records of vascular plant taxa in Josephine County, Oregon

Anthemis arvensis Poa palustris Chenopodium album Polygonum sawatchense* Dianthus armeria Silene vulgaris Fallopia japonica Spergula arvensis Gnaphalium stramineum* Trifolium hirtum Hirschfeldia incana Trifolium striatum Nasturtium officinale* Veronica anagallis-aquatica Ornithogalum umbellatum Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia Persicaria hydropiperoides* Viola odorata

* Native

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Endemic Plants

I found 31 taxa on the property endemic to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California (Table 3). This accounts for 7% of the native plants found on the property. I based my list on Smith and Sawyer’s (1988) list of endemic plants found in an area larger than, but encompassing, the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion. All of these taxa grew exclusively on ultramafic soils.

Table 3. Vascular plant taxa endemic to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California occurring on DCC property (Smith and Sawyer, 1988)

Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Gentiana setigera Arabis subpinnatifida Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa Arnica cernua Horkelia sericata Arnica spathulata Lathyrus delnorticus Balsamorhiza sericea Lewisia oppositifolia Calochortus howellii Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata Lomatium howellii Castilleja brevilobata Microseris howellii Castilleja elata Noccaea fendleri ssp. siskiyouense Ceanothus pumilus Packera hesperia Epilobium oreganum Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta Eriogonum pendulum Quercus garryana var. breweri Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Rudbeckia glaucescens Fritillaria glauca Sedum laxum ssp. laxum Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis Garrya buxifolia

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Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants

I found 25 taxa classified as rare, threatened, or endangered (RTE) by the Oregon

Natural Heritage Information Center (Table 4). The majority of these occur only on ultramafic soils. Balsamorhiza sericea, Calochortus howellii, Castilleja brevilobata,

Lewisia oppositifolia , and Packera hesperia are all relatively common in and around the property and exhibit no need for immediate concern. I only found a single small population each of Carex serratodens, Cypripedium fasciculatum, Eriogonum pendulum , and Scirpus pendulus . The remaining taxa were uncommon. Cypripedium californicum,

Darlingtonia californica, Epilobium oreganum, Gentiana setigera, Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa , and Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis were all mostly limited in distribution to the wetlands on Eight Dollar Mountain.

Table 4. Rare, threatened, and endangered vascular plants occurring on DCC property ( Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, 2007)

Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri Fritillaria glauca Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Gentiana setigera Balsamorhiza sericea Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra Calochortus howellii Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata Lewisia oppositifolia Carex serratodens Microseris howellii Castilleja brevilobata Noccaea fendleri ssp. siskiyouense Cypripedium californicum Packera hesperia Cypripedium fasciculatum Piperia elongata Darlingtonia californica Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Epilobium oreganum Scirpus pendulus Eriogonum pendulum Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis Eucephalus vialis

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Introduced Plants

Of the 144 introduced taxa on the property, the Oregon Department of Agriculture classifies 15 as noxious weeds (Table 5). Two of these, Rubus armeniacus and

Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri , are well established on the property. Rubus armeniacus occurs most commonly in the Deer Creek floodplain where it covers almost the entire understory in many areas, but also occurs in scattered smaller populations throughout most of the rest of the property. Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri occurs most commonly in disturbed areas along roadways and pastures. A particularly significant infestation occurs in the meadow on the southeastern corner of the northern parcel.

Table 5. Introduced vascular plant taxa classified as noxious weeds (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2007)

Brachypodium sylvaticum Elymus repens Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri* Fallopia japonica Centaurea solstitialis* Hedera helix Cirsium arvense* Hypericum perforatum* Cirsium vulgare* Lathyrus latifolius Conium maculatum Rubus armeniacus Convolvulus arvensis* Taeniatherum caput-medusae Cytisus scoparius*

* Targeted for biological control by the Oregon Department of Agriculture

The remaining 13 noxious weeds occur much less commonly. Most occur exclusively on the Deer Creek floodplain and around the DCC office. I only found a single small population of Fallopia japonica which may make it a good candidate for

23 early eradication efforts. Centaurea solstitialis, Cirsium arvense , and Cytisus scoparius would also make good priority species to eradicate as they are not well established yet. I only saw Convolvulus arvensis and Elymus repens around the office area and believe they require little concern at present. I observed heavy insect damage on most

Hypericum perforatum before it flowered. This may indicate established biological control for this taxon. Other than those plants located at the DCC entrance, the only

Hedera helix I saw occurred near the meadow in the southeastern corner of the northern parcel. This should probably be high priority for eradication as it is a small isolated population. Also on the northern property, Brachypodium sylvaticum occurs scattered along the creeks and Taeniatherum caput-medusae occurs in the southeastern meadow.

Lathyrus latifolius occurs in a few scattered localities throughout the property near roads.

The previous three taxa do not appear to be of immediate concern, but may still warrant early eradication.

Figure 8 shows all plant collections noting if each collection point contains RTE taxa and/or noxious weeds. The northernmost 2 of the 4 areas containing both RTE taxa and noxious weeds should be considered high priority for weed eradication as each of those points contains the only known location of either Carex serratodens or Scirpus pendulus.

Horticultural Plants

As I previously noted, I did not include horticultural plants around the office area

in this survey, but did include those that grew around abandoned home sites and other

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Figure 8. Distribution of noxious weeds and rare, threatened, and endangered taxa among plant collection sites on Deer Creek Center property.

25 unmaintained areas of the property. The greatest concentration of these plants occurs around a burned down home site located in the northern parcel. Horticultural taxa on this site include Iris sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Acacia dealbata, Yucca filamentosa , and

Chaenomeles ×superba . Malus ×domestica and Syringa vulgaris also grow nearby. Of these plants, only Robinia pseudoacacia appears to be spreading and probably warrants removal. Other scattered horticultural plants include Prunus cerasifera, Pyrus sp., Vinca major, Ornithogalum umbellatum, Narcissus spp ., and Rosa spp .. Of these, only Vinca major appears to be of any concern. Its distribution is currently limited to relatively small patches on the southern parcel which are probably spreading.

Unidentifiable Plant

I found one plant that I could not identify because it never flowered during the period surveyed. It may have flowered before the snow fell, just not flowered in the 2007 season, or only reproduces asexually. It appears to be in the family Liliaceae and resembles an Allium or Brodiaea . Examination of the bulbs showed no sculpture on the bulb coat. I found it growing densely in a seep of water running down a crack on a steep serpentine outcrop. Someone should seek out and investigate this plant in future years to try to find it flowering and get a positive identification. If it never flowers, it may be worth having it genetically analyzed. It can be found at the NAD83 UTM coordinates

446616e 4683680n.

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Morphological Variation and Hybridization

Much morphological variation occurs within some taxa on the property. A wide variety of habitats and hybridization accounts for some of this variation.

A good example of variation due to habitat is Fritillaria affinis . This occurs most commonly in open dry woodlands on serpentine where it tends to be less than 50cm tall and many have fewer than 10 leaves. Some of these look similar to Fritillaria glauca .

Other Fritillaria affinis found in the floodplain woodlands are over a meter tall with many whorls of leaves.

Two obvious hybrids occur on the property. Balsamorhiza sericea hybridizes with Balsamorhiza deltoidea . This hybrid occurs more numerously than either parent taxon. It is easily distinguished from the parent taxa by having a leaf that is intermediate in size and dissection (Figure 9). Also, Ceanothus pumilus hybridizes with Ceanothus cuneatus . These hybrids are intermediate in growth form. C. pumilus lies prostrate on the ground, C. cuneatus is upright and usually greater than 50cm tall, and the hybrid ascends only to about 50cm. This hybrid occurs much less commonly than either parent taxon.

The varieties of Quercus garryana are sometimes unclear possibly due to hybridization. Distinct shrub forms of Q. garryana var. breweri and large tree forms of

Q. garryana var. garryana occur on the property, but large multiple trunked shrubs and small single trunked trees also occur. In those of questionable variety, the leaf size and hairiness of twigs and buds appears to be intermediate as well. For the purposes of this

27 survey, I called those with multiple trunks var. breweri and those with single trunks var. garryana .

Figure 9. Leaves of Balsamorhiza sericea (A), B. sericea x deltoidea (B), and B. deltoidea

What I am calling Orobanche fasciculata was growing on Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense and appears to be an intermediate between O. fasciculata and O. uniflora .

The Jepson Manual notes intermediates as generally growing on Galium . Perhaps the host plant partly determines morphology. Whatever the reason, at least 3 morphological variants of Orobanche occur on the property (Figure 10).

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Figure 10. Flowers of Orobanche uniflora (A and B) and O. fasciculata (C).

The flower morphology of Phlox speciosa is extremely variable on the property with colors ranging from white to dark pink, petals ranging from 4 to 6 per corolla, petal shape ranging from entire and round to narrow and bilobed, and some flowers twice as large as others.

While the vegetative parts of Epilobium brachycarpum variants appear to be identical, there are two clearly distinct flower morphologies. One has relatively large, darker colored flowers with well exerted stamens and a 4-lobed pistil (Figure 11A). The other has smaller, light colored flowers with barely exerted stamens and an unlobed pistil

(Figure 11B). In many areas of the property only a single morphological variety can be found. In other areas they grow together.

Vegetative Communities

I did not classify the vegetative communities of DDC. I believe this best done over a much larger area to better fit the property’s vegetative variation within the context of the greater region. I will give my general impression of trends the larger communities

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Figure 11. Variation in flower morphology of Epilobium brachycarpum.

on the property may follow and some possible smaller communities within these. Most of the community trends I observed are not clearly defined and could be further broken down or put together in completely different ways. Because of this, I did not map these trends. I believe it best to leave such mapping until someone completes a proper vegetative classification.

Ultramafic Areas / Pinus jeffreyi Woodlands

I can easily generalize most of the ultramafic areas of the property as Pinus jeffreyi woodland as most of these ultramafic areas are united by the presence of sparse

Pinus jeffreyi . Several distinctive areas of vegetation occur within this grouping, but many are small and complexly interspersed within the larger community. The clearest distinctions lie between wet and dry areas. One can further break these down in many ways by the various patches of shrubs and herbs that dominate any particular area.

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Some of the dry areas are relatively well defined by a significant presence of either Arctostaphylos spp . or Quercus garryana var. breweri . Burnt areas commonly have significant patches of Eriodictyon californicum . Other common species in dry areas include Calocedrus decurrens , Aspidotis densa, Achnatherum lemmonii, Melica geyeri,

Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides, Phlox speciosa, Erythronium citrinum, Viola cuneata, Lomatium triternatum, Dodecatheon hendersonii, and Fritillaria affinis .

Particularly barren areas on serpentine may include Minuartia douglasii, Collinsia grandiflora, Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum, Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua,

Aspidotis densa, Epilobium minutum, Gilia capitata, Sedum laxum var. laxum,

Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri, Arabis koehleri var. stipitata, Arabis subpinnatifida , and Eriogonum vimineum . Often the serpentine barrens are surrounded by small Ceanothus cuneatus shrublands.

Areas vernally wet may include Horkelia sericata, Lewisia oppositifolia, Allium amplectans, Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. monanthum, Orthocarpus bracteosus,

Castilleja brevilobata, Packera hesperia, Perideridia oreganum , and Ranunculus occidentalis . Some wet and vernally wet shrubland areas include significant amounts of

Rhododendron occidentale and/or Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis .

The wettest areas can include Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii, Rudbeckia glaucescens, Sanguisorba officinalis, Helenium bigelovii,

Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa, Darlingtonia californica, Gentiana setigera,

Narthecium californicum, Eriophorum cringerum , and Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica .

31

Pseudotsuga/Arbutus/Quercus kelloggii Woodlands

What I am generalizing as Pseudotsuga/Arbutus/Quercus kelloggii woodlands have a fairly dense overstory and a relatively open understory. The most dominant overstory taxa include Pseudotsuga menziesii, Arbutus menziesii , and Quercus kelloggii .

Other trees also interspersed include Calocedrus decurrens, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus lambertiana, Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus and Umbellularia californica .

Once again, clear differences in vegetation can be observed between dry and wet areas with the wet areas mostly occurring along the main drainages of Squaw Creek and the dry areas in-between these drainages. Frequent taxa in the dry areas include Ceanothus integerrimus, Pteridium aquilinum, Corylus cornuta var. californica, Toxicodendron diversilobum, Campanula prenanthoides , and Ligusticum apiifolium . Frequent taxa in the wet areas include Alnus rhombifolia, Chamaecyparis lawsonii, Quercus chrysolepis,

Rhododendron occidentale, Rubus armeniacus, Rubus ursinus, Physocarpus capitatus,

Epipactis gigantea, Aralia californica , and Adiantum aleuticum . Ceanothus integerrimus dominates areas recently burned.

Floodplain Woodlands

Floodplain woodlands primarily occur along Deer Creek. Common trees include

Fraxinus latifolius, Quercus garryana var. garryana, Alnus rhombifolia, Calocedrus decurrens, Populus trichocarpa , and Crataegus suksdorfii . Most of these areas have a dominant understory of Rubus armenicus . Other taxa in these areas include Acer circinatum, Salix lasiolepis, Prunus virginiana var. demissa, Ribes divaricatum var.

32 pubiflorum, Smilax californica, Thalictrum polycarpum, Galium triflorum , and Sanicula crassicaulis with none of these taxa being particularly numerous. One section of these woodlands is grazed during the summer months. This seems to help reduce the Rubus armenicus in this area. The spring plant, Trillium albidum , occurs abundantly there and is rare in the rest of the floodplain woodlands. This area may provide a glimpse of what spring plants used to grow in the Rubus armenicus infested woodlands. Obviously summer taxa do not grow very well there though.

Salix / Riparian Barrens

Areas mostly stripped of vegetation by high waters in the winter occur along Deer

Creek and below the floodplain woodlands. Several species of Salix persist in these areas. The rest of these areas consist mostly of barren cobble, gravel, and sand with scattered annuals and a few perennials. Common taxa in these areas include Salix lasiolepis, Salix exigua, Salix melanopsis, Salix sitchensis, Heterotheca oregona,

Euthamia occidentalis, Mimulus moschatus, Mimulus cardinalis, Kickxia elatine,

Hirschfeldia incana, Ludwigia palustris, Mentha pulegium, Melilotus albus , and Cyperus eragrostis .

Open and Disturbed Areas

Various open areas occur around the property. The most disturbed areas include the pastures, areas around the office building, and an old dump site. Taxa composition varies considerably in these areas but is usually dominated by one or more of the following: Alopecurus pratensis, Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri, Poa bulbosa,

33

Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus, Bromus diandrus, Trifolium subterraneum,

Scleranthus annuus, Centaurea solstitialis , or Thinopyrum ponticum . Native taxa are dominant in a few open areas. These taxa may include Deschampsia cespitosa ,

Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii, Centaurium muehlenbergii, Navarretia intertexta,

Phlox gracilis, Montia fontana , and Epilobium brachycarpum .

Phenology

I developed a list of the relative blooming order of the flowering plants on the

DCC property. I have compiled the list noting the earliest date photographed of each taxon flowering (Appendix C). I photographed most taxa as the first flowers opened. In a few cases I did not find a particular taxon until after the flowers had gone or neglected to photograph it on the first encounter. For those taxa I did not encounter in flower, I have noted the flowering date as either “not recorded” or “before” the date at which I found it past flower. The heaviest flowering period occurred from late March through

July, peaking in May, and then strongly tapered off in August (Figure 12).

34

200 189

180

160

140

120 116

100 95

80 72 63 60

40

20 14 2 0 March April May June July August September

Figure 12. Number of taxa first flowering in each month.

Summary of Recommendations

Keeping in mind that any effort to control even the smallest populations of invasive plants will likely require years of persistence, DCC needs to decide where they want to focus their time and energy if they want to prevent the continued spread of these species. Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri and Rubus armeniacus are currently the most well established noxious weeds on the property. Eradication of them is a worthy goal for the future, but probably not realistic at present. However, if DCC values their only known populations of the rare plants Scirpus pendulus (NAD83 Zone 10N 446444e

4682830n) and Carex serratodens (446485e 4682838n), I would advise the control of

35

Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri and Rubus armeniacus around them. I highly recommend early eradication of the single small populations of Hedera helix (446380e

4682726n) on the northern parcel and Fallopia japonica (447714e 4680274n) on the southern parcel before the populations grow. After those I would focus on Centaurea solstitialis , Cirsium arvense , and Cytisus scoparius, all on the southern parcel with manageable population sizes. As the next priority, I would eradicate Brachypodium sylvaticum, Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Lathyrus latifolius, Robinia pseudoacacia , and

Vinca major . These last five may warrant further surveys or monitoring to assess the actual threat. To decrease the introduction and spread of invasive plants, I recommend either permanently blocking off vehicular access through the northern parcel or having a gate that remains locked to prevent unauthorized vehicular recreation.

My survey included only 260 hectares of the entire 332 hectare property. Future endeavors should include an inventory of those areas on and around the property not included in this survey. Additionally a vegetation community classification of the property and surrounding areas should be attempted. Possibly integral to this would be a hydrology survey of the property including vernally wet areas as moisture appears to be one of the main factors determining the vegetation growing in a particular place. Finally, future efforts should be made to identify the unidentifiable plant (see page 25).

LITERATURE CITED

Allen, J.E. 1938. Chromite Deposits in Oregon. State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Bulletin No. 9.

Bailey, L.H. and E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.

Coleman, R.G. and A.R. Kruckeberg. 1999. Geology and Plant Life of the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountain Region. Natural Areas Journal, 19(4): 320-340.

Cronquist, A. 1972+. Intermountain Flora, Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A.. Columbia University Press, New York.

DellaSala, D.A., S.B. Reid, T.J. Frest, J.R. Strittholt, and D.M. Olson. 1999. A Global Perspective on the Biodiversity of the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion. Natural Areas Journal, 19(4): 300-319.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC), eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, England.

Hickman, J.C., Editor. 1993. The Jepson Manual – Higher Plants of California. University of California Press. Berkeley, California.

Hitchcock, C.L. 1955-69. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2007. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Online Database. (http://www.itis.gov)

Kozloff, E.N. 2005. Plants of Western Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon.

36

37

Kruckeberg, A.R. 1984. California Serpentines: Flora, Vegetation, Geology, Soils, and Management Problems. University of California Press. Berkeley, California.

Munz, P.A. 1968. A California Flora and Supplement. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Oregon Climate Service. 2007. Monthly Means and Extremes 1971-2000, Cave Junction, OR. (http://www.ocs.orst.edu)

Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program. 2007. Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Policy and Classification System 2007. (http://www.oregon.gov/oda/plant/weeds/)

Oregon Flora Project (OFP). 2007. Oregon Plant Atlas. (http://www.oregonflora.org/atlas.php)

Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center. 2007. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon.

Ramp, L. 1961. Chromite in Southwestern Oregon. State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Bulletin No. 52.

Ramp, L. and N.V. Peterson. 1979. Geology and Mineral Resources of Josephine County, Oregon. State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Bulletin No. 100.

Ramp, L. and N.V. Peterson. 2004. Geologic Map of Josephine County, Oregon, adapted from Ramp L., and N.V. Peterson. 1979 map: Geologic Map of Josephine County, Oregon, Plate 1. State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.

Siskiyou Biological Services. 2005. Deer Creek Biological Report (Unpublished).

Smith, J.P. and J.O. Sawyer, Jr. 1988 Endemic vascular plants of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Madrono, 35(1): 54-69.

Soil Conservation Service. 1983. Soil Survey of Josephine County Oregon. United States Department of Agriculture.

Straw, R.M. 2007. Current Josephine County Species List. (Unpublished).

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1996. Eight Dollar Mountain and Selma Quadrangles 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey, Department of Interior. Washington, D.C.

38

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1999. Oregon 10m DEM. U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center. Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Whittaker, R.H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs, 30(3): 279-338.

APPENDICES

39

40

Appendix A: Annotated vascular plant list

I organized this list alphabetically by family and scientific name under the headings of Ferns and Fern Allies, Conifers, Dicots, and Monocots. Nomenclature follows the Oregon Plant Atlas . After each scientific name follow the author or authors, common name, origin, abundance, and flowering date. I mostly used the authors listed by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, 2007) as the Oregon Plant Atlas did not display them. Common name sources vary but mostly come from either

Kozloff’s flora or the Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Taxa in bold are listed as rare, threatened, or endangered by The Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center.

Underlined taxa are possible new records for Josephine County. Origin follows The

Jepson Manual where possible and is either N (native, * denotes endemic to southwestern

Oregon and northwestern California) or I (introduced, * denotes noxious weed). I based abundance only on my general impressions at the end of the growing season. I abbreviated abundance as: C – common (easily found throughout most of the property),

U – uncommon (scattered individuals and/or small populations throughout the property or a few larger populations), and R – rare (one or two small known populations on the property). Flowering date is the first date I photographed each taxon flowering. Those plants that do not flower I’ve noted with “n/a”. Flowering plants not witnessed flowering are noted as either “not observed” or “before (the date observed)”.

41

Ferns and Fern Allies

Blechnaceae

Woodwardia fimbriata Sm., giant chain fern, N, R, n/a

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood, bracken fern, N, C, n/a

Dryopteridaceae

Athyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth, lady fern, N, R, n/a

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., fragile fern, N, U, n/a

Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans (D.C. Eat.) D.H. Wagner, narrow-leaf swordfern, N, C, n/a

Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl, western swordfern, N, C, n/a

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense L., field horsetail, N, U, n/a

Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat., scouringrush horsetail, N, U, n/a

Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde, giant horsetail, N, U, n/a

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat., licorice fern, N, U, n/a

42

Pteridaceae

Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris, Aleutian maidenhair-fern, N, C, n/a

Aspidotis densa (Brack.) Lellinger, pod fern, N, C, n/a

Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych Windham & Wollenweber, goldback fern, N, U, n/a

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella wallacei Hieron., Wallace's spikemoss, N, C, n/a

Gymnosperms

Cupressaceae

Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin, incense cedar, N, C, n/a

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl., Port Orford cedar, N, C, n/a

Pinaceae

Pinus attenuata Lemmon, knob-cone pine, N, U, n/a

Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf., Jeffrey pine, N, C, n/a

Pinus lambertiana Dougl., sugar pine, N, U, n/a

Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson, ponderosa pine, N, U, n/a

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, Douglas fir, N, C, n/a

43

Taxaceae

Taxus brevifolia Nutt., Pacific yew, N, U, n/a

Dicots

Aceraceae

Acer circinatum Pursh, vine maple, N, U, 05/11

Acer macrophyllum Pursh, big-leaf maple, N, U, 04/06

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus albus L., white pigweed, I, R, 07/19

Anacardiaceae

Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene, Pacific poison oak, N, C, 05/25

Apiaceae

Angelica arguta Nutt., sharp-tooth angelica, N, U, 06/26

Anthriscus caucalis Bieb., burr chervil, I, U, 05/06

Conium maculatum L., poison hemlock, I*, U, 07/05

Daucus carota L., Queen Anne's lace, I, U, 06/28

Heracleum lanatum Michx., cow parsnip, N, U, 06/25

Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray, celery-leaf licorice-root, N, C, 05/17

44

Apiaceae (continued)

Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance, fern-leaf biscuitroot, N, U, 04/26

Lomatium hallii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Hall's biscuitroot, N, U, 03/29

Lomatium howellii (S. Wats.) Jepson, Howell's biscuitroot, N*, U, 04/08

Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose, big-seed biscuitroot, N, C, 03/25

Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, bare-stem biscuitroot, N, U, 04/08

Lomatium triternatum var. triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, nine-leaf biscuitroot, N, C, 03/25

Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose, common biscuitroot, N, U, 04/26

Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC., water parsley, N, R, 07/11

Osmorhiza berteroi DC, mountain sweetroot, N, C, 04/28

Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr., western sweetroot, N, U, 04/20

Perideridia oregana (S. Wats.) Mathias, Oregon yampah, N, C, 06/01

Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook., purple sanicle, N, U, 04/12

Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC., Pacific sanicle, N, U, 05/06

Sanicula graveolens Poepp. ex DC., northern sanicle, N, U, 03/27

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, hedge parsley, I, U, 06/02

Yabea microcarpa (Hook. & Arn.) K.-Pol., false carrot, N, U, 04/26

45

Apocynaceae

Apocynum androsaemifolium L., spreading dogbane, N, C, 06/01

Vinca major L., periwinkle, I, U, 04/28

Araliaceae

Aralia californica S. Wats., elk clover, N, U, 07/12

Hedera helix L., English ivy, I*, U, not recorded

Aristolochiaceae

Asarum caudatum Lindl., wild ginger, N, U, 04/13

Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson, heart-leaf milkweed, N, U, 05/18

Asclepias fascicularis Dcne., narrow-leaf milkweed, N, U, 06/26

Asclepias speciosa Torr., showy milkweed, N, U, 06/27

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium L., yarrow, N, C, 05/27

Adenocaulon bicolor Hook., American trailplant, N, U, 07/03

Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, big-flower agoseris, N, U, before 06/24

Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greene, annual agoseris, N, U, 05/03

Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth., pearly everlasting, N, U, 07/02

46

Asteraceae (Continued)

Anisocarpus madioides Nutt., woodland madia, N, U, 06/02

Anthemis arvensis L., field mayweed, I, U, 05/12

Anthemis cotula L., stinking mayweed, I, U, 06/28

Arnica cernua T.J. Howell, serpentine arnica, N*, R, 05/10

Arnica spathulata Greene, Klamath arnica, N*, U, 05/12

Artemisia douglasiana Bess., mugwort, N, U, 07/20

Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt., deltoid balsamroot, N, C, 04/08

Balsamorhiza sericea W.A. Weber, silky balsamroot, N*, C, 04/27

Balsamorhiza sericea W.A. Weber x deltoidea Nutt., hybrid silky balsamroot, N*, C, 04/06

Bellis perennis L., English daisy, I, U, 03/31

Bidens frondosa L., sticktight, N, U, 09/01

Blepharipappus scaber Hook., rough eyelashweed, N, C, 06/29

Cacaliopsis nardosmia (Gray) Gray, silvercrown, N, U, 04/27

Centaurea cyanus L., bachelor's button, I, U, 05/24

Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri Dostál, meadow knapweed, I*, C, 05/24

Centaurea jacea L., brown knapweed, I, U, 07/20

Centaurea solstitialis L., yellow star thistle, I*, U, 07/20

Centromadia fitchii (A. Gray) Greene, Fitch's tarweed, N, U, 05/26

Cichorium intybus L., chicory, I, U, 07/20

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., field thistle, I*, U, 07/13

47

Asteraceae (Continued)

Cirsium remotifolium (Hook.) D.C., fringe-phyllary thistle, N, R, 06/29

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., bull thistle, I*, C, 07/02

Crepis pleurocarpa Gray, naked-stem hawksbeard, N, U, 05/17

Crocidium multicaule Hook., common spring gold, N, C, 03/23

Erigeron foliosus var. confinis (T.J. Howell) Jepson, leafy fleabane, N, U, 05/31

Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides (DC.) Jepson, common woolly daisy, N, C, 05/17

Eucephalus vialis Bradshaw, wayside aster, N, U, 08/15

Eurybia radulina (Gray) Nesom, rough-leaf aster, N, U, 07/12

Euthamia occidentalis Nutt., western goldenrod, N, U, 08/20

Gnaphalium canescens DC., Wright's cudweed, N, U, 07/12

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt., marsh cudweed, N, U, 05/24

Gnaphalium purpureum L., purple cudweed, N, R, before 07/02

Gnaphalium stramineum Kunth, cotton-batting cudweed, N, U, 07/02

Helenium bigelovii Gray, Bigelow's sneezeweed, N, U, 05/27

Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii (Greene) Babcock & Hall, hayfield tarweed, N, U, 06/27

Heterotheca oregona (Nutt.) Shinners, Oregon false-goldenaster, N, U, 06/27

Hieracium albiflorum Hook., white-flower hawkweed, N, C, 06/01

Hieracium parryi Zahn, Parry's hawkweed, N, U, 06/01

Hypochaeris glabra L., smooth cat's ear, I, U, 05/11

Hypochaeris radicata L., rough cat's ear, I, C, 05/17

48

Asteraceae (Continued)

Lactuca serriola L., prickly lettuce, I, C, 06/28

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., ox-eye daisy, I, U, 05/24

Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl., common tarweed, N, U, 05/25

Madia exigua (Sm.) Gray, small tarweed, N, C, 05/17

Madia gracilis (Sm.) Keck & J. Clausen ex Applegate, slender tarweed, N, U, 05/18

Madia sativa Molina, coast tarweed, N, U, 07/16

Matricaria discoidea DC., pineapple weed, I, U, 04/15

Micropus californicus var. californicus Fisch. & C.A. Mey., q tips, N, U, 05/05

Microseris howellii Gray, Howell's silverpuffs, N*, U, 05/12

Oreostemma alpigenum var. andersonii (Gray) Nesom, alpine aster, N, R, 05/27

Packera hesperia (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve, Siskiyou ragwort, N*, C, 05/12

Packera macounii (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve, Siskiyou Mountain ragwort, N, U, 05/31

Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq., arctic sweet coltsfoot, N, U, 05/05

Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Nutt., slender woollyheads, N, U, 05/11

Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta (Greene) Mayes ex G. Brown & Keil, clustered goldenweed, N*, U, 07/16

Rudbeckia glaucescens Eastw., waxy coneflower, N*, U, 06/26

Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronq., Columbia groundsel, N, U, 04/19

Senecio sylvaticus L., woodland ragwort, I, R, 07/01

Sericocarpus oregonensis Nutt., Oregon whitetop aster, N, U, 08/15

Solidago californica Nutt., California goldenrod, N, U, 07/29

49

Asteraceae (Continued)

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, prickly sow thistle, I, U, 05/26

Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) Nesom, western mountain aster, N, U, 08/20

Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, common dandelion, I, U, 03/31

Tragopogon dubius Scop., common salsify, I, U, 06/26

Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt., California compass-plant, N, U, 05/25

Berberidaceae

Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC., deervetch vanillaleaf, N, U, before 07/01

Berberis piperiana (Abrams) McMinn, hollyleaved barberry, N, U, 04/20

Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dcne., white inside-out flower, N, U, 06/02

Betulaceae

Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., white alder, N, C, not recorded

Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp, California hazelnut, N, C, 03/27

Boraginaceae

Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia (Fisch & C.A. Mey.) Ganders, fiddleneck, N, U, 05/05

Cryptantha flaccida (Dougl. ex Lehm.) Greene, weak-stem cryptantha, N, U, 05/24

Cryptantha intermedia (Gray) Greene, large-flowered cryptantha, N, U, 05/17

Cynoglossum grande Dougl. ex Lehm., Pacific hound's tongue, N, U, 03/28

50

Boraginaceae (Continued)

Lithospermum californicum Gray, California stoneseed, N, U, 04/12

Myosotis discolor Pers., yellow and blue forget-me-not, I, U, 04/13

Myosotis laxa Lehm., bay forget-me-not, N, U, 06/25

Pectocarya pusilla (A. DC.) Gray, little combseed, N, U, 04/28

Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt. ex Hook.) Gray, Pacific popcorn flower, N, U, 04/26

Brassicaceae

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, I, U, 04/13

Arabis aculeolata Greene, Waldo rockcress, N, C, 04/12

Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Rollins, Koehler's rockcress, N*, U, 03/28

Arabis subpinnatifida S. Wats., Klamath rockcress, N*, U, 03/23

Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene, common sandweed, N, U, 04/26

Brassica rapa L., field mustard, I, U, 03/31

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., shepherd's purse, I, U, 03/31

Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata (Greene) Rollins, Nuttall's toothwort, N*, U, 03/24

Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii Greene, palmate toothwort, N, U, 03/23

Cardamine oligosperma Nutt., little western bittercress, N, U, 03/27

Draba verna L., spring Whitlowgrass, N, U, 04/05

Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene, western wallflower, N, U, 04/27

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagrèze-Fossat, shortpod mustard, I, U, 06/27

51

Brassicaceae (Continued)

Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f., field pepperweed, I, U, 05/04

Lepidium strictum (S. Wats.) Rattan, prostrate pepperweed, N, R, 04/15

Nasturtium officinale Ait. f., watercress, N, R, 07/11

Noccaea fendleri ssp. siskiyouensis (P.K. Holmgren) Al-Shehbaz & M.Koch, Siskiyou pennycress, N*, C, 03/23

Raphanus raphanistrum L., jointed charlock, I, U, 03/31

Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bess. ex Britt., western yellow cress, N, R, 05/04

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., hedge tumblemustard, I, R, 07/25

Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook., lace-pod mustard, N, U, 04/20

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi (Hegelm.) Fassett, Bolander's water-starwort, N, U, 04/29

Campanulaceae

Campanula prenanthoides Dur., California harebell, N, C, 06/24

Githopsis specularioides Nutt., common bluecup, N, U, 05/11

Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt., rare-flower bellflower, N, U, 06/26

Caprifoliaceae

Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Torr., long-tube twinflower, N, U, 07/01

Lonicera hispidula (Lindl.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray, pink honeysuckle, N, U, 06/29

52

Caprifoliaceae (Continued)

Sambucus mexicana K. Presl ex DC., C elderberry, N, U, 05/25

Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake, common snowberry, N, U, not recorded

Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt., creeping snowberry, N, U, not recorded

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium arvense L., field chickweed, N, C, 03/30

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., sticky chickweed, I, U, 04/15

Cerastium semidecandrum L., five-stamen chickweed, I, U, 05/04

Dianthus armeria L., Deptford pink, I, R, 06/26

Minuartia douglasii (Fenzl ex Torr. & Gray) Mattf., Douglas' stitchwort, N, C, 05/05

Minuartia pusilla (S. Wats.) Mattf., annual sandwort, N, R, 04/05

Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Fenzl, large-leaf sandwort, N, U, 04/06

Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G. Lopez & Romo, maiden pink, I, U, 05/11

Sagina apetala Ard., annual pearlwort, N, R, 04/15

Saponaria officinalis L., bouncing bet, I, U, 07/20

Scleranthus annuus L., knawel, I, C, 04/12

Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa C.L. Hitchc. & Maguire, sticky bell catchfly, N, U, 04/28

Silene gallica L., windmill catchfly, I, U, 05/27

Silene hookeri ssp. hookeri Nutt., Hooker's catchfly, N, U, 05/10

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, bladder campion, I, R, 05/24

53

Caryophyllaceae (Continued)

Spergula arvensis L., sandweed, I, U, 05/04

Spergularia rubra (L.) J.& K. Presl, purple sandspurry, I, U, 04/15

Stellaria media (L.) Vill., common chickweed, I, U, 03/24

Stellaria nitens Nutt., shining chickweed, N, C, 03/24

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium album L., lamb's quarter, I, U, 06/28

Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Mexican tea, I, U, 07/25

Chenopodium botrys L., Jerusalem oak, I, U, 06/27

Convolvulaceae

Calystegia atriplicifolia Hallier f., nightblooming false-bindweed, N, R, 05/27

Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt, chaparral false-bindweed, N, C, 05/17

Convolvulus arvensis L., field bindweed, I*, U, 05/27

Cornaceae

Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray, Pacific dogwood, N, U, 04/27

Cornus sericea L., red osier dogwood, N, U, before 06/26

54

Crassulaceae

Crassula tillaea Lester-Garland, moss pygmyweed, I, U, 04/15

Sedum laxum ssp. laxum (Britt.) Berger, lax stonecrop, N*, U, before 07/01

Cucurbitaceae

Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell, western wild-cucumber, N, U, 05/25

Cuscutaceae

Cuscuta occidentalis Millsp., California dodder, N, U, 07/19

Dipsacaceae

Dipsacus fullonum L., common teasel, I, R, 07/13

Ericaceae

Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Pacific madrone, N, C, 04/20

Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw., hoary manzanita, N, U, 04/06

Arctostaphylos viscida Parry, sticky white-leaf manzanita, N, C, 03/27

Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng., little prince's pine, N, U, before 06/29

Pyrola picta Sm., white-vein shinleaf, N, U, 06/26

Rhododendron occidentale (Torr. & Gray ex Torr.) Gray, western azalea, N, C, 04/26

55

Euphorbiaceae

Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small, thyme-leaf sandmat, N, R, 08/10

Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Benth., turkey mullein, N, U, 06/26

Euphorbia crenulata Engelm., western wood spurge, N, R, 04/20

Fabaceae

Acacia dealbata Link, silver wattle, I, R, 04/13

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, Scotch broom, I*, U, 05/27

Lathyrus delnorticus C.L. Hitchc., Del Norte pea, N*, C, 06/01

Lathyrus latifolius L., perennial sweet pea, I*, U, 06/26

Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis S. Wats., Sierra pea, N, U, 04/29

Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt., leafy pea, N, U, 05/11

Lathyrus sphaericus Retz., grass pea, I, U, 05/04

Lotus corniculatus L., bird's-foot trefoil, I, U, 05/24

Lotus crassifolius var. crassifolius (Benth.) Greene, big deervetch, N, U, 05/17

Lotus micranthus Benth., desert deervetch, N, U, 04/28

Lotus nevadensis (S. Wats.) Greene, Nevada bird's-foot trefoil, N, U, 05/31

Lotus oblongifolius (Benth.) Greene, streambank bird's-foot trefoil, N, U, 05/10

Lotus purshianus F.E. & E.G. Clem., Spanish clover, N, U, 06/26

Lupinus albifrons Benth. ex Lindl., silver lupine, N, U, 05/05

Lupinus bicolor Lindl., sky lupine, N, U, 04/26

Lupinus onustus S. Wats., Plumas lupine, N, U, 04/27

56

Fabaceae (Continued)

Lupinus polycarpus Greene, small-flower lupine, N, U, 04/28

Melilotus albus Medik., white sweetclover, I, U, 07/05

Robinia pseudoacacia L., black locust, I, R, 05/25

Trifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomum (Hook. & Arn.) Isely, twin-head clover, N, U, 05/10

Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens Greene, notch-leaf clover, N, U, 05/10

Trifolium dubium Sibthorp, hop clover, I, U, 04/15

Trifolium eriocephalum ssp. eriocephalum Nutt., woolly-head clover, N, U, 04/26

Trifolium hirtum All., rose clover, I, U, 04/28

Trifolium hybridum L., alsike clover, I, U, 05/04

Trifolium longipes Nutt., long-stalk clover, N, U, 04/15

Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn., thimble clover, N, U, 05/10

Trifolium pratense L., red clover, I, U, 05/26

Trifolium striatum L., soft trefoil, I, U, 05/11

Trifolium subterraneum L., subterranian clover, I, U, 03/25

Trifolium variegatum Nutt., white-tip clover, N, U, 05/10

Trifolium willdenovii Sprengel, tomcat clover, N, U, 05/05

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd., American vetch, N, U, 04/20

Vicia sativa var. angustifolia (L.) Ser., common vetch, I, U, 05/11

57

Fagaceae

Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd., tan oak, N, U, 07/01

Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., canyon live oak, N, C, not recorded

Quercus garryana var. breweri (Engelm.) Jepson, Oregon white oak, N*, C, before 05/25

Quercus garryana var. garryana Dougl. ex Hook., Oregon white oak, N, U, 04/26

Quercus kelloggii Newberry, California black oak, N, C, not recorded

Quercus vaccinifolia Kellogg, huckleberry oak, N, U, 05/17

Garryaceae

Garrya buxifolia Gray, dwarf silktassel, N*, R, not recorded

Garrya fremontii Torr., bearbrush, N, R, before 05/18

Gentianaceae

Centaurium muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper, Muhlenberg's centaury, N, U, 06/27

Gentiana setigera Gray, Mendocino gentian, N*, U, 07/20

Geraniaceae

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait., cutleaf stork's bill, I, U, 03/31

Geranium dissectum L., cut-leaf geranium, I, R, 05/26

Geranium molle L., dove-foot geranium, I, U, 04/29

58

Grossulariaceae

Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Koehne, straggly gooseberry, N, U, 03/31

Ribes roezlii var. cruentum (Greene) Rehd., shiny-leaf currant, N, U, 03/27

Hydrangeaceae

Philadelphus lewisii Pursh, Lewis' mock orange, N, U, 06/27

Whipplea modesta Torr., common whipplea, N, C, 04/28

Hydrophyllaceae

Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr., California yerba santa, N, U, 05/25

Nemophila heterophylla Fisch. & C.A. Mey., small baby blue eyes, N, U, 03/30

Nemophila pedunculata Dougl. ex Benth., little-foot blue eyes, N, U, 03/24

Phacelia hastata var. compacta (Brand) Cronq., compact phacelia, N, C, 04/20

Phacelia mutabilis Greene, changeable phacelia, N, U, 06/01

Hypericaceae

Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schlecht., creeping St. Johnswort, N, U, 06/26

Hypericum perforatum L., common St. Johnswort, I*, C, 06/24

Hypericum scouleri Hook., Scouler's St. Johnswort, N, U, 06/26

Juglandaceae

Juglans hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm., Northern California walnut, N, U, 05/25

59

Lamiaceae

Lamium amplexicaule L., giraffe head, I, U, 03/31

Lamium purpureum L., purple deadnettle, I, R, 03/31

Mentha canadensis L., field mint, N, U, 07/13

Mentha pulegium L., pennyroyal, I, U, 06/25

Mentha spicata L., spearmint, I, U, 07/23

Monardella villosa ssp. sheltonii (Torr.) Epling, Shelton's monardella, N, C, 06/25

Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata (W. Bart.) Fern., lance-leaf selfheal, N, C, 06/24

Satureja douglasii (Benth.) Briq., yerba buena, N, U, 06/27

Scutellaria antirrhinoides Benth., snapdragon skullcap, N, R, 05/31

Stachys rigida Nutt. ex Benth., rigid hedgenettle, N, U, 06/02

Trichostema lanceolatum Benth., vinegar weed, N, U, 07/13

Trichostema simulatum Jepson, Siskiyou bluecurls, N, R, 07/24

Lauraceae

Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., California laurel, N, C, 03/24

Linaceae

Hesperolinon micranthum (Gray) Small, small-flower dwarf-flax, N, U, 05/31

Linum bienne P. Mill., pale flax, I, U, 05/17

60

Loasaceae

Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Torr. & Gray, blazing star, N, R, 07/13

Lythraceae

Lythrum hyssopifolium L., hyssop loosestrife, I, R, 07/11

Malvaceae

Malva neglecta Wallr., common mallow, I, U, 06/28

Sidalcea malviflora ssp. asprella (Greene) C.L. Hitchc., dwarf checkerbloom, N, U, 05/24

Molluginaceae

Mollugo verticillata L., carpetweed, I, R, 08/11

Oleaceae

Fraxinus latifolia Benth., Oregon ash, N, U, 04/06

Syringa vulgaris L., lilac, I, R, not recorded

Onagraceae

Chamerion angustifolium var. canescens (Atwood) N. & P. Holmgren, fireweed, N, U, 07/03

Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica (Aschers. & Magnus) Raven, small enchanter's nightshade, N, U, 06/25

61

Onagraceae (Continued)

Clarkia gracilis ssp. gracilis (Piper) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr., slender fairyfan, N, C, 05/17

Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera (Dougl. ex Lindl.) H.F. & M.E. Lewis, wine cup fairyfan, N, U, 05/24

Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl. ex Hook., broad-leaf fairyfan, N, R, 06/02

Epilobium brachycarpum K. Presl, autumn willowherb, N, C, 07/24

Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Raf., fringed willowherb, N, U, 06/29

Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven, dense-flower willowherb, N, U, 06/27

Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm., minute willowherb, N, C, 04/12

Epilobium oreganum Greene, Oregon willowherb, N*, U, 07/20

Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell., marsh seedbox, N, U, 07/20

Orobanchaceae

Boschniakia strobilacea Gray, California groundcone, N, U, 05/03

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt., clustered broomrape, N, U, 06/01

Orobanche uniflora L., naked broomrape, N, U, 05/05

Papaveraceae

Eschscholzia californica Cham., California poppy, N, U, 04/28

Parnassiaceae

Parnassia californica (Gray) Greene, California grass of Parnassus, N, U, 09/01

62

Plantaginaceae

Plantago erecta Morris, dot-seed plantain, N, U, 07/24

Plantago lanceolata L., lance-leaf plantain, I, U, 04/28

Plantago major L., broad-leaf plantain, I, U, 07/11

Polemoniaceae

Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl., large-flowered collomia, N, U, 06/26

Collomia heterophylla Dougl. ex Hook., variable-leaf collomia, N, C, 04/08

Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Sims, blue-head gilia, N, C, 05/17

Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra M.E. Jones, sinister gilia, N, U, 06/27

Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt., true babystars, N, U, 04/28

Leptosiphon bolanderi (Gray) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson, Bolander's linanthus, N, R, 04/27

Navarretia intertexta ssp. intertexta (Benth.) Hook., needle-leaf pincushionplant, N, U, 05/26

Navarretia squarrosa (Eschsch.) Hook. & Arn., skunk pincushionplant, N, U, 06/26

Phlox gracilis (Hook.) Greene, slender phlox, N, C, 04/05

Phlox speciosa Pursh, showy phlox, N, C, 04/06

Polygalaceae

Polygala californica Nutt., California milkwort, N, C, 05/25

63

Polygonaceae

Eriogonum nudum var. nudum Dougl. ex Benth., naked buckwheat, N, U, 05/24

Eriogonum pendulum S. Wats., Waldo buckwheat, N*, R, 07/29

Eriogonum vimineum Dougl. ex Benth., broom buckwheat, N, U, 06/29

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, black bindweed, I, R, 07/05

Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Dcne., Japanese knotweed, I*, R, 08/11

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small, swamp smartweed, N, U, 07/23

Persicaria maculosa Gray (Redshank), lady's-thumb, I, U, 07/05

Polygonum aviculare L., prostrate knotweed, I, U, 06/28

Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, American bistort, N, R, 05/27

Polygonum majus (Meisn.) Piper, large knotweed, N, C, 07/01

Polygonum sawatchense Small, Johnston's knotweed, N, U, 05/27

Rumex acetosella L., sheep sorrel, I, U, 04/28

Rumex conglomeratus Murr., clustered dock, I, U, 06/25

Rumex crispus L., curly dock, I, U, 05/26

Rumex salicifolius var. salicifolius Weinm., willow-leaved dock, N, R, 06/25

Portulacaceae

Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavón) DC., redmaids, N, U, 03/31

Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua Torr. & Gray, serpentine spring beauty, N, C, 03/23

Claytonia exigua ssp. glauca (Torr. & Gray) J.M. Miller & K. Chambers, serpentine spring beauty, N, C, 03/24

64

Portulacaceae (Continued)

Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Dougl. ex Hook., stream bank spring beauty, N, U, 03/30

Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Donn ex Willd., miner's lettuce, N, U, 04/28

Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra (T.J. Howell) Tidestrom, red-stem spring beauty, N, U, 03/30

Claytonia sibirica L., Siberian spring beauty, N, U, 04/13

Lewisia oppositifolia (S. Wats.) B.L. Robins., opposite-leaf lewisia, N*, U, 04/19

Montia fontana L., annual water miner's lettuce, N, U, 03/24

Montia linearis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene, narrow-leaf miner's lettuce, N, U, 04/05

Montia parvifolia (Moc. ex DC.) Greene, little-leaf miner's lettuce, N, U, 05/17

Portulaca oleracea L., common purslane, I, U, 07/19

Primulaceae

Anagallis arvensis L., scarlet pimpernel, I, U, 05/31

Dodecatheon hendersonii Gray, mosquito bills, N, C, 03/27

Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. monanthum (Greene ex R. Knuth) H.J. Thompson ex Munz, dark-throat shootingstar, N, U, 04/12

Trientalis latifolia Hook., broad-leaf starflower, N, C, 04/27

Ranunculaceae

Anemone oregana var. oregana Gray, blue windflower, N, U, 03/28

Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC., western columbine, N, U, 05/12

Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt., virgin's bower, N, U, 06/29

65

Ranunculaceae (Continued)

Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. ex Walp., upland larkspur, N, C, 03/30

Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Withering p.p., hair-leaf water-buttercup, N, R, 06/25

Ranunculus flammula L., greater creeping buttercup, N, R, 05/26

Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt., western buttercup, N, C, 04/05

Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook., straight-beak buttercup, N, U, 05/04

Ranunculus parviflorus L., small-flower buttercup, I, U, 04/29

Ranunculus repens L., creeping buttercup, I, U, 05/04

Thalictrum polycarpum (Torr.) S. Wats., many-fruit meadowrue, N, U, 05/24

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt., buck brush, N, C, 05/05

Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn., deer brush, N, C, 05/25

Ceanothus pumilus Greene, Siskiyou mat, N*, C, 03/28

Ceanothus pumilus Greene x cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt., hybrid Ceanothus, N*, U, 04/12

Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis (T.J. Howell) C.B. Wolf, California buckthorn, N, C, 05/27

Rhamnus purshiana DC., cascara buckthorn, N, U, not recorded

Rosaceae

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer, pacific serviceberry, N, U, 04/05

Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Utah serviceberry, N, U, not recorded

66

Rosaceae (Continued)

Aphanes arvensis L., field parsley piert, I, U, 03/25

Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt., birch-leaf mountain mahogany, N, U, before 05/03

Chaenomeles ×superba Rehd., quince, I, R, 04/13

Crataegus suksdorfii (Sarg.) Kruschke, Suksdorf's hawthorn, N, U, 05/06

Fragaria vesca L., woodland strawberry, N, R, 05/06

Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim., oceanspray, N, U, 06/24

Horkelia sericata S. Wats., silky horkelia, N*, C, 05/26

Malus ×domestica (Borkh.) Borkh., domestic apple, I, U, 05/05

Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid., Oregon crabapple, N, R, 05/06

Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon, Indian plum, N, U, 03/24

Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze, Pacific ninebark, N, C, 05/27

Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ashlandica (Greene) Keck, sticky cinquefoil, N, U, 05/27

Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis Dougl. ex Hook., graceful cinquefoil, N, U, 05/27

Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., cherry plum, I, R, 03/28

Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr., western chokecherry, N, U, 05/10

Pyrus sp. L., domestic pear, I, R, 05/05

Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht., California wild rose, N, U, 05/24

Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt., bald-hip rose, N, C, 05/12

Rosa pisocarpa Gray, clustered wild rose, N, U, 07/02

Rosa sp. L., domestic rose (at least 2 varieties), I, U, 05/03

67

Rosaceae (Continued)

Rubus armeniacus Focke, Himalayan blackberry, I*, C, 05/24

Rubus laciniatus Willd., cut-leaf blackberry, I, U, 06/24

Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray, black-cap raspberry, N, U, 05/17

Rubus parviflorus Nutt., thimbleberry, N, U, 05/25

Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht., trailing blackberry, N, U, 05/11

Sanguisorba minor Scop., garden burnet, I, U, 05/27

Sanguisorba officinalis L., great burnet, N, U, 07/31

Spiraea douglasii var. douglasii Hook., western spirea, N, U, 06/27

Rubiaceae

Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Ferris, Siskiyou bedstraw, N*, C, 04/08

Galium aparine L., cleavers, N, U, 04/19

Galium parisiense L., wall bedstraw, I, U, before 06/26

Galium porrigens Dempster, climbing bedstraw, N, U, 06/29

Galium triflorum Michx., fragrant bedstraw, N, U, 06/25

Sherardia arvensis L., field madder, I, U, 04/29

Salicaceae

Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ex Hook., black cottonwood, N, U, not recorded

Salix exigua Nutt., sandbar willow, N, U, 07/25

Salix lasiolepis Benth., arroyo willow, N, U, 03/29

68

Salicaceae (Continued)

Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr., Pacific willow, N, U, not recorded

Salix melanopsis Nutt., dusky willow, N, U, 06/25

Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong., Sitka willow, N, U, 04/05

Santalaceae

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt., bastard toadflax, N, U, 05/03

Sarraceniaceae

Darlingtonia californica Torr., California pitcherplant, N, U, 04/26

Saxifragaceae

Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray, coastal brookfoam, N, U, 06/29

Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss, Indian rhubarb, N, U, 04/28

Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum (Hook.) Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, small- flowered woodland star, N, C, 03/23

Saxifraga integrifolia Hook., whole-leaf saxifrage, N, U, 03/23

Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl., fringe cups, N, U, 04/29

Scrophulariaceae

Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri (Gray) D. Thompson, Brewer's snapdragon, N, U, 07/03

Castilleja attenuata (Gray) Chuang & Heckard, valley tassles, N, U, 04/28

69

Scrophulariaceae (Continued)

Castilleja brevilobata Piper, short-lobe paintbrush, N*, U, 04/08

Castilleja elata Piper, Siskiyou paintbrush, N*, U, 06/26

Castilleja miniata var. miniata Dougl. ex Hook., giant red paintbrush, N, U, 04/28

Castilleja tenuis (Heller) Chuang & Heckard, hairy owl's-clover, N, U, 05/12

Collinsia grandiflora Lindl., giant blue eyed Mary, N, C, 05/05

Collinsia linearis Gray, narrow-leaf blue eyed Mary, N, U, 04/12

Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus (T.J. Howell) Chuang & Heckard, slender bird's beak, N, U, 07/01

Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort., fluellin, I, U, 06/25

Mimulus alsinoides Dougl. ex Benth., chickweed monkeyflower, N, U, 03/29

Mimulus cardinalis Dougl. ex Benth., scarlet monkeyflower, N, U, 06/25

Mimulus guttatus DC., common monkeyflower, N, C, 03/30

Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl., musk monkeyflower, N, U, 06/25

Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth., rosy owl's-clover, N, C, 05/18

Penstemon roezlii Regel, Roezl's penstemon, N, U, 05/18

Tonella tenella (Benth.) Heller, lesser baby innocence, N, C, 03/30

Triphysaria pusilla (Benth.) Chuang & Heckard, dwarf owl's-clover, N, U, 05/04

Verbascum blattaria L., moth mullein, I, C, 05/26

Verbascum thapsus L., woolly mullein, I, U, 07/11

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., blue water speedwell, I, U, 05/24

Veronica arvensis L., common speedwell, I, U, 04/15

70

Scrophulariaceae (Continued)

Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell, hairy purslane speedwell, N, U, 05/11

Veronica persica Poir., Persian speedwell, I, U, 03/31

Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia L., thymeleaf speedwell, I, U, 05/04

Solanaceae

Solanum nigrum L., black nightshade, I, R, 08/22

Valerianaceae

Plectritis brachystemon Fisch. & C.A. Mey., seablush, N, R, 04/26

Plectritis congesta (Lindl.) DC., short-spur seablush, N, C, 04/12

Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat., corn salad, I, U, 04/29

Verbenaceae

Verbena lasiostachys Link, western vervain, N, U, 05/26

Violaceae

Viola adunca Sm., blue violet, N, U, 04/26

Viola cuneata S. Wats., wedge-leaf violet, N, C, 03/23

Viola glabella Nutt., stream violet, N, U, 03/31

Viola hallii Gray, Oregon violet, N, U, 03/28

71

Violaceae (Continued)

Viola lobata ssp. integrifolia (S. Wats.) R.J. Little, pine violet, N, U, 03/27

Viola odorata L., sweet violet, I, U, before 04/15

Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis (Gray) L.E. McKinney & R.J. Little, bog white violet, N*, U, 04/26

Viscaceae

Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) Nutt., Pacific mistletoe, N, U, 08/15

Vitaceae

Vitis californica Benth., California wild grape, N, U, not recorded

Monocots

Araceae

Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John, American skunk cabbage, N, R, 04/26

Cyperaceae

Carex athrostachya Olney, slender-beaked sedge, N, U, 05/27

Carex aurea Nutt., golden-fruited sedge, N, R, 05/31

Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica (W. Boott) Reznicek, star sedge, N, U, 05/10

Carex feta Bailey, green-sheathed sedge, N, U, 05/26

Carex fracta Mackenzie, fragile-sheath sedge, N, U, 05/26

72

Cyperaceae (Continued)

Carex inops ssp. inops Bailey, long-stolon sedge, N, R, 05/10

Carex leptopoda Mackenzie, taper-fruit short-scale sedge, N, U, 05/24

Carex mendocinensis Olney, Mendocino sedge, N, C, 05/10

Carex multicaulis Bailey, many-stem sedge, N, U, 05/17

Carex nudata W. Boott, naked sedge, N, U, 05/18

Carex obnupta Bailey, slough sedge, N, U, 06/25

Carex preslii Steud., Presl's sedge, N, U, 05/24

Carex serratodens W. Boott, two-tooth sedge, N, R, 05/31

Carex stipata var. stipata Muhl. ex Willd., owl-fruit sedge, N, R, 05/26

Carex subfusca W. Boott, brown sedge, N, R, 06/01

Carex utriculata Boott, beaked sedge, N, R, 06/27

Cyperus eragrostis Lam., tall flatsedge, N, U, 06/25

Cyperus strigosus L., straw-colored flatsedge, N, R, 08/11

Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes, blunt spikerush, N, R, 07/11

Eleocharis parishii Britt., Parish's spikerush, N, U, 05/10

Eriophorum cringerum (Gray) Beetle, fringed cottongrass, N, U, 05/10

Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl, small-fruit bulrush, N, U, 05/24

Scirpus pendulus Muhl., hanging bulrush, N, R, 05/31

73

Iridaceae

Iris chrysophylla T.J. Howell, slender-tubed iris, N, C, 04/08

Iris sp. L, bearded iris, I, U, 05/25

Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum (Suksdorf) Cholewa & D. Henderson, inflated grass- widow, N, U, 03/24

Sisyrinchium bellum S. Wats., western blue-eyed grass, N, U, 05/10

Juncaceae

Juncus articulatus L., jointed-leaved rush, N, U, 06/25

Juncus balticus Willd., Baltic rush, N, U, 05/27

Juncus bufonius L., toad rush, N, U, 05/26

Juncus effusus ssp. pacificus (Fern. & Wieg.) H.L. Lint, Pacific rush, N, U, 07/01

Juncus ensifolius Wikstr., sword-leaf rush, N, U, 06/27

Juncus nevadensis var. nevadensis S. Wats., Sierra Nevada rush, N, U, 06/25

Juncus orthophyllus Coville, strait-leaf rush, N, U, 06/26

Juncus tenuis Willd., field rush, N, U, 05/31

Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej., common woodrush, N, C, 03/23

Liliaceae

Allium amplectens Torr., narrow-leaf onion, N, C, 05/26

Allium bolanderi var. mirabile (Henderson) McNeal, Bolander's onion, N, U, 05/25

Allium falcifolium Hook. & Arn., scythe-leaf onion, N, C, 05/03

74

Liliaceae (Continued)

Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Hoover, elegant brodiaea, N, U, 05/31

Calochortus howellii S. Wats., Howell's mariposa lily, N*, C, 06/24

Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn., cat's-ear mariposa lily, N, C, 04/27

Calochortus uniflorus Hook. & Arn., meadow mariposa lily, N, U, 04/28

Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Greenm.) Gould, Suksdorf's large camas, N, C, 04/08

Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth, wavy-leaf soap plant, N, U, 06/27

Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum (Benth.) Wood, bluedicks, N, U, 04/12

Dichelostemma congestum (Sm.) Kunth, ookow, N, U, 05/17

Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum S. Wats., cream fawnlily, N*, C, 03/23

Fritillaria affinis (Schultes) Sealy, checker lily, N, C, 03/29

Fritillaria glauca Greene, Siskiyou fritillary, N*, U, 04/13

Hastingsia alba (Dur.) S. Wats., Klamath rushlily, N, C, 05/17

Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa S. Wats., large-flower rushlily, N*, U, 06/26

Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri (Eastw.) Skinner, Vollmer's lily, N*, U, 06/24

Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link, feathery false Solomon's-seal, N, U, 05/25

Narcissus sp. L., daffodil (at least 2 varieties), I, U, 03/24

Narthecium californicum Baker, California bog asphodel, N, U, 06/26

Ornithogalum umbellatum L., Star-of-Bethlehem, I, R, 04/26

Prosartes hookeri Torr., fairybells, N, U, 04/27

Smilax californica (A. DC.) Gray, California greenbrier, N, U, 06/27

75

Liliaceae (Continued)

Toxicoscordion micranthum (Eastw.) A. Heller, small-flower death camas, N, U, 04/27

Triantha occidentalis ssp. occidentalis (S. Wats.) Gates, sticky false-asphodel, N, U, 07/20

Trillium albidum J.D. Freeman, giant white wakerobin, N, U, 04/15

Trillium rivale S. Wats., brook wakerobin, N, C, 03/23

Triteleia hendersonii Greene, Henderson's triteleia, N, U, 05/11

Triteleia hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene, wild hyacinth, N, U, 05/18

Veratrum insolitum Jepson, Siskiyou false hellebore, N, U, 07/03

Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt., common beargrass, N, U, 05/17

Yucca filamentosa L., Adam's needle, I, R, 07/29

Orchidaceae

Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis (Holz.) Boivin, fairy slipper, N, R, 04/05

Cypripedium californicum Gray, California lady's slipper, N, U, 05/10

Cypripedium fasciculatum Kellogg ex S. Wats., clustered lady's slipper, N, R, before 07/01

Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook., giant stream orchid, N, C, 06/24

Goodyera oblongifolia Raf., rattlesnake plantain, N, U, 07/24

Piperia elongata Rydb., dense-flower rein orchid, N, U, 07/12

Piperia transversa Suksdorf, royal rein orchid, N, U, 07/12

Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Wats.) Schlechter, sparse-flowered bog orchid, N, U, 05/10

76

Poaceae

Achnatherum lemmonii (Swallen) Barkworth, Lemmon's needlegrass, N, C, 05/17

Agrostis exarata Trin., spike bentgrass, N, U, 07/03

Agrostis oregonensis Vasey, Oregon bentgrass, N, R, 06/24

Agrostis pallens Trin., dune bentgrass, N, R, 07/12

Agrostis stolonifera L., creeping bentgrass, I, U, 08/11

Aira caryophyllea L., silver hairgrass, I, C, 05/04

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., short-awn meadow-foxtail, N, R, 06/25

Alopecurus pratensis L., meadow foxtail, I, C, 03/31

Anthoxanthum odoratum L., sweet vernalgrass, I, R, 05/31

Aristida oligantha Michx., old-field three-awn, N, U, 07/24

Avena fatua L., wild oats, I, U, 05/24

Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv., tall false-brome, I*, U, 07/02

Briza minor L., little quakinggrass, I, U, 05/04

Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn., California brome, N, U, 05/25

Bromus diandrus Roth, ripgut brome, I, U, 05/04

Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus L., soft brome, I, C, 04/26

Bromus laevipes Shear, woodland brome, N, U, 06/29

Bromus sterilis L., poverty brome, I, U, 05/18

Bromus tectorum L., cheat grass, I, U, 05/11

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Bermuda grass, I, U, 08/10

Cynosurus echinatus L., hedgehog dog's tail, I, C, 05/24

77

Poaceae (Continued)

Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, I, U, 04/24

Danthonia californica Boland., California oatgrass, N, C, 05/10

Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa (L.) Beauv., tufted hairgrass, N, U, 06/01

Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro, annual hairgrass, N, U, 05/27

Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro, slender hairgrass, N, U, 05/17

Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann, tapered rosette grass, N, U, 07/31

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., barnyard grass, I, U, 07/23

Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey, bottlebrush squirreltail, N, R, before 07/16

Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Buckl., blue wild rye, N, U, 05/25

Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Buckl., Jepson's blue wildrye, N, U, 06/01

Elymus multisetus M.E. Jones, big squirreltail, N, U, 05/31

Elymus repens (L.) Gould, quackgrass, I*, U, 07/16

Festuca californica Vasey, California fescue, N, U, 04/27

Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Idaho fescue, N, C, 05/17

Festuca occidentalis Hook., western fescue, N, U, 06/02

Glyceria leptostachya Buckl., soft mannagrass, N, R, 05/04

Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc., fowl mannagrass, N, U, 06/29

Holcus lanatus L., common velvetgrass, I, U, 06/24

Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum (Parl.) Thellung, Mediterranean barley, I, U, 05/11

Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes, junegrass, N, U, 05/17

Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw., rice cutgrass, N, R, 08/22

78

Poaceae (Continued)

Lolium perenne L., perennial ryegrass, I, U, 05/26

Melica geyeri Munro ex Boland., Geyer's oniongrass, N, C, 04/12

Melica harfordii Boland., Harford's oniongrass, N, U, 07/03

Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn., Alaska oniongrass, N, U, 05/24

Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc., foxtail muhly, N, R, 07/16

Panicum capillare L., annual witchgrass, N, U, 08/11

Phalaris arundinacea L., reed canarygrass, N, U, 06/25

Phleum pratense L., timothy grass, I, U, 07/03

Poa annua L., annual bluegrass, I, U, 03/31

Poa bulbosa L., bulbous bluegrass, I, C, 04/15

Poa palustris L., fowl bluegrass, I, R, 05/24

Poa pratensis L., Kentucky bluegrass, I, U, 05/04

Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia (Scribn.) Soreng, Nevada bluegrass, N, U, 04/26

Poa secunda ssp. secunda J. Presl, one-sided bluegrass, N, C, 04/12

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., annual rabbit's-foot grass, I, R, 07/23

Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., tall fescue, I, U, 05/04

Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, medusa-head, I*, U, 05/31

Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang, tall wheatgrass, I, U, 06/24

Trisetum canescens Buckl., tall trisetum, N, U, 06/01

Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray, brome fescue, I, U, 05/04

Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro, Pacific fescue, N, U, 05/03

Appendix B: Synonymy between the Oregon Plant Atlas , The Jepson Manual , and Kozloff’s flora

I put this list in alphabetical order by Oregon Plant Atlas taxonomy. Parentheses note taxa not included in The Jepson Manual or Kozloff’s Flora. Italicized rows indicate a difference in taxonomy or a taxon not included in at least one reference.

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Acacia dealbata Acacia dealbata (Acacia dealbata) Acer circinatum Acer circinatum Acer circinatum Acer macrophyllum Acer macrophyllum Acer macrophyllum Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium Achlys triphylla Achlys triphylla ssp. triphylla Achlys triphylla ssp. triphylla Achnatherum lemmonii Achnatherum lemmonii Achnatherum lemmonii ssp. lemmonii Adenocaulon bicolor Adenocaulon bicolor Adenocaulon bicolor Adiantum aleuticum Adiantum aleuticum Adiantum aleuticum Agoseris grandiflora Agoseris grandiflora Agoseris grandiflora Agoseris heterophylla Agoseris heterophylla Agoseris heterophylla var. heterophylla Agrostis exarata Agrostis exarata Agrostis exarata Agrostis oregonensis Agrostis oregonensis Agrostis oregonensis Agrostis pallens Agrostis pallens Agrostis pallens Agrostis stolonifera Agrostis stolonifera Agrostis stolonifera Aira caryophyllea Aira caryophyllea Aira caryophyllea ssp. caryophyllea Allium amplectens Allium amplectens Allium amplectens 79

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Allium bolanderi var. mirabile Allium bolanderi var. mirabile Allium bolanderi var. mirabile Allium falcifolium Allium falcifolium Allium falcifolium Alnus rhombifolia Alnus rhombifolia Alnus rhombifolia Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus pratensis Alopecurus pratensis Alopecurus pratensis Amaranthus albus Amaranthus albus Amaranthus albus Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier utahensis Amelanchier utahensis Amelanchier utahensis Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Anagallis arvensis Anagallis arvensis Anagallis arvensis Anaphalis margaritacea Anaphalis margaritacea Anaphalis margaritacea Anemone oregana var. oregana Anemone oregana Anemone oregana var. oregana Angelica arguta Angelica arguta Angelica arguta Anisocarpus madioides Madia madioides Anisocarpus madioides Anthemis arvensis Anthemis arvensis Anthemis arvensis Anthemis cotula Anthemis cotula Anthemis cotula Anthoxanthum odoratum Anthoxanthum odoratum Anthoxanthum odoratum Anthriscus caucalis Anthriscus caucalis Anthriscus caucalis Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri Aphanes arvensis Aphanes occidentalis Aphanes arvensis Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum androsaemifolium Aquilegia formosa Aquilegia formosa Aquilegia formosa Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana 80

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Arabis aculeolata Arabis aculeolata Arabis aculeolata Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Arabis subpinnatifida Arabis subpinnatifida Arabis subpinnatifida Aralia californica Aralia californica Aralia californica Arbutus menziesii Arbutus menziesii Arbutus menziesii Arctostaphylos canescens Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. canescens Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. canescens Arctostaphylos viscida Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. (viscida) Aristida oligantha Aristida oligantha Aristida oligantha Arnica cernua Arnica cernua Arnica cernua Arnica spathulata Arnica spathulata Arnica spathulata Artemisia douglasiana Artemisia douglasiana Artemisia douglasiana Asarum caudatum Asarum caudatum Asarum caudatum Asclepias cordifolia Asclepias cordifolia Asclepias cordifolia Asclepias fascicularis Asclepias fascicularis Asclepias fascicularis Asclepias speciosa Asclepias speciosa Asclepias speciosa Aspidotis densa Aspidotis densa Aspidotis densa Athyrium felix-femina Athyrium felix-femina Athyrium felix-femina Athysanus pusillus Athysanus pusillus Athysanus pusillus Avena fatua Avena fatua Avena fatua Balsamorhiza deltoidea Balsamorhiza deltoidea Balsamorhiza deltoidea Balsamorhiza sericea Balsamorhiza sericea Balsamorhiza sericea Balsamorhiza sericea x deltoidea (Balsamorhiza sericea x deltoidea) (Balsamorhiza sericea x deltoidea) Bellis perennis Bellis perennis Bellis perennis 81

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Berberis piperiana Berberis aquifolium var. aquifolium Berberis piperiana Bidens frondosa Bidens frondosa Bidens frondosa Bistorta bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides Blepharipappus scaber Blepharipappus scaber Blepharipappus scaber Boschniakia strobilacea Boschniakia strobilacea Boschniakia strobilacea Boykinia occidentalis Boykinia occidentalis Boykinia occidentalis Brachypodium sylvaticum (Brachypodium sylvaticum) Brachypodium sylvaticum Brassica rapa Brassica rapa Brassica rapa Briza minor Briza minor Briza minor Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Bromus carinatus Bromus carinatus var. carinatus Bromus carinatus Bromus diandrus Bromus diandrus Bromus diandrus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Bromus hordeaceus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Bromus laevipes Bromus laevipes (Bromus laevipes) Bromus sterilis Bromus sterilis Bromus sterilis Bromus tectorum Bromus tectorum Bromus tectorum Cacaliopsis nardosmia Cacaliopsis nardosmia Cacaliopsis nardosmia Calandrinia ciliata Calandrinia ciliata Calandrinia ciliata Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi Calocedrus decurrens Calocedrus decurrens Calocedrus decurrens Calochortus howellii (Calochortus howellii) Calochortus howellii Calochortus tolmiei Calochortus tolmiei Calochortus tolmiei Calochortus uniflorus Calochortus uniflorus Calochortus uniflorus 82

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis Calypso bulbosa Calypso bulbosa ssp. occidentalis Calystegia atriplicifolia Calystegia atriplicifolia Calystegia atriplicifolia Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii Camassia quamash ssp. quamash Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii Campanula prenanthoides Campanula prenanthoides Campanula prenanthoides Capsella bursa-pastoris Capsella bursa-pastoris Capsella bursa-pastoris Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata Cardamine nuttallii (var. gemmata) Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii Cardamine nuttallii (var. nuttallii) Cardamine oligosperma Cardamine oligosperma Cardamine oligosperma Carex athrostachya Carex athrostachya Carex athrostachya Carex aurea Carex aurea Carex aurea Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica Carex feta Carex feta Carex feta Carex fracta Carex fracta Carex fracta Carex inops ssp. inops Carex inops ssp. inops Carex inops ssp. inops Carex leptopoda Carex deweyana ssp. leptopoda Carex deweyana ssp. leptopoda Carex mendocinensis Carex mendocinensis Carex mendocinensis Carex multicaulis Carex multicaulis Carex multicaulis Carex nudata Carex nudata Carex nudata Carex obnupta Carex obnupta Carex obnupta Carex preslii Carex preslii Carex preslii Carex serratodens Carex serratodens Carex serratodens Carex stipata var. stipata Carex stipata var. stipata Carex stipata ssp. stipata 83

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Carex subfusca Carex subfusca Carex subfusca Carex utriculata Carex utriculata Carex utriculata Castilleja attenuata Castilleja attenuata Castilleja attenuata Castilleja brevilobata Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Castilleja elata Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Castilleja elata Castilleja miniata var. miniata Castilleja miniata ssp. miniata Castilleja miniata Castilleja tenuis Castilleja tenuis Castilleja tenuis Ceanothus cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus Ceanothus integerrimus Ceanothus integerrimus Ceanothus integerrimus Ceanothus pumilus Ceanothus pumilus Ceanothus pumilus Ceanothus pumilus x cuneatus (Ceanothus pumilus x cuneatus) (Ceanothus pumilus x cuneatus) Centaurea cyanus Centaurea cyanus Centaurea cyanus Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri Centaurea xpratensis Centaurea xpratensis Centaurea jacea (Centaurea jacea) Centaurea jacea Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea solstitialis Centaurium muehlenbergii Centaurium muehlenbergii Centaurium muehlenbergii Centromadia fitchii Hemizonia fitchii Hemizonia fitchii Cerastium arvense Cerastium arvense Cerastium arvense Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium semidecandrum (Cerastium semidecandrum) Cerastium semidecandrum Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides Chaenomeles ×superba (Chaenomeles x superba) (Chaenomeles x superba) Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressus lawsoniana Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 84

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Chamaesyce maculata Chamaesyce maculata Chamaesyce maculata Chamerion angustifolium var. canescens Epilobium angustifolium Chamerion angustifolium Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium botrys Chenopodium botrys Chenopodium botrys Chimaphila menziesii Chimaphila menziesii Chimaphila menziesii Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Cichorium intybus Cichorium intybus Cichorium intybus Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica Cirsium arvense Cirsium arvense Cirsium arvense var. horridum Cirsium remotifolium Cirsium remotifolium Cirsium callilepis Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Clarkia gracilis ssp. gracilis Clarkia gracilis ssp. gracilis Clarkia gracilis ssp. gracilis Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera Clarkia rhomboidea Clarkia rhomboidea Clarkia rhomboidea Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua Claytonia exigua ssp. glauca Claytonia exigua ssp. glauca Claytonia exigua ssp. glauca Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica Clematis ligusticifolia Clematis ligusticifolia Clematis ligusticifolia Collinsia grandiflora Collinsia grandiflora Collinsia grandiflora 85

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Collinsia linearis Collinsia linearis (Collinsia linearis) Collomia grandiflora Collomia grandiflora Collomia grandiflora Collomia heterophylla Collomia heterophylla Collomia heterophylla Comandra umbellata Comandra umbellata ssp. californica Comandra umbellata ssp. californica Conium maculatum Conium maculatum Conium maculatum Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus Cornus nuttallii Cornus nuttallii Cornus nuttallii Cornus sericea Cornus sericea Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis Corylus cornuta var. californica Corylus cornuta var. californica Corylus cornuta var. californica Crassula tillaea Crassula tillaea Crassula tillaea Crataegus suksdorfii Crataegus suksdorfii Crataegus douglasii var. suksdorfii Crepis pleurocarpa Crepis pleurocarpa Crepis pleurocarpa Crocidium multicaule Crocidium multicaule Crocidium multicaule Cryptantha flaccida Cryptantha flaccida Cryptantha flaccida Cryptantha intermedia Cryptantha intermedia Cryptantha intermedia Cuscuta occidentalis Cuscuta californica var. breviflora Cuscuta californica var. breviflora Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Cynoglossum grande Cynoglossum grande Cynoglossum grande Cynosurus echinatus Cynosurus echinatus Cynosurus echinatus Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus strigosus Cyperus strigosus Cyperus strigosus Cypripedium californicum Cypripedium californicum Cypripedium californicum 86

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Cypripedium fasciculatum Cypripedium fasciculatum Cypripedium fasciculatum Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris fragilis Cytisus scoparius Cytisus scoparius Cytisus scoparius Dactylis glomerata Dactylis glomerata Dactylis glomerata Danthonia californica Danthonia californica var. americana Danthonia californica (var. americana) Darlingtonia californica Darlingtonia californica Darlingtonia californica Darmera peltata Darmera peltata Darmera peltata Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Delphinium nuttallianum Delphinium decorum ssp. tracyi Delphinium menziesii ssp. menziesii Delphinium nuttallianum Delphinium nuttallianum Delphinium nuttallianum Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa Deschampsia caespitosa Deschampsia danthonioides Deschampsia danthonioides Deschampsia danthonioides Deschampsia elongata Deschampsia elongata Deschampsia elongata Dianthus armeria Dianthus armeria ssp. armeria Dianthus armeria Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma congestum Dichelostemma congestum Dichelostemma congestum Dipsacus fullonum Dipsacus fullonum Dipsacus fullonum Dodecatheon hendersonii Dodecatheon hendersonii Dodecatheon hendersonii Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. monanthum Dodecatheon pulchellum Dodecatheon pulchellum Draba verna Draba verna Draba verna Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa crus-galli Eleocharis obtusa Eleocharis obtusa var. obtusa Eleocharis obtusa 87

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Eleocharis parishii Eleocharis parishii Eleocharis parishii Elymus elymoides Elymus elymoides Elymus elymoides Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. jepsonii Elymus glaucus var. jepsonii Elymus multisetus Elymus multisetus Elymus multisetus Elymus repens Elytrigia repens Elymus repens Epilobium brachycarpum Epilobium brachycarpum Epilobium brachycarpum Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Epilobium densiflorum Epilobium densiflorum Epilobium densiflorum Epilobium minutum Epilobium minutum Epilobium minutum Epilobium oreganum Epilobium oreganum Epilobium oreganum Epipactis gigantea Epipactis gigantea Epipactis gigantea Equisetum arvense Equisetum arvense Equisetum arvense Equisetum hyemale var. affine Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine Equisetum telmateia var. braunii Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Eremocarpus setigerus Eremocarpus setigerus Eremocarpus setigerus Erigeron foliosus var. confinis Erigeron foliosus var. confinis Erigeron foliosus var. confinis Eriodictyon californicum Eriodictyon californicum Eriodictyon californicum Eriogonum nudum var. nudum Eriogonum nudum var. nudum Eriogonum nudum ssp. nudum Eriogonum pendulum Eriogonum pendulum Eriogonum pendulum Eriogonum vimineum Eriogonum vimineum Eriogonum vimineum Eriophorum cringerum Eriophorum criniger Eriophorum crinigerum Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides 88

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Erodium cicutarium Erodium cicutarium Erodium cicutarium Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Erysimum capitatum ssp. capitatum Erysimum capitatum (var. capitatum) Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Erythronium citrinum Erythronium citrinum Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica ssp. californica Eucephalus vialis (Aster vialis) Aster vialis Euphorbia crenulata Euphorbia crenulata Euphorbia crenulata Eurybia radulina Aster radulinus Aster radulinus Euthamia occidentalis Euthamia occidentalis Euthamia occidentalis Fallopia convolvulus Polygonum convolvulus Polygonum convolvulus Fallopia japonica Polygonum cuspidatum Reynoutria cuspidata Festuca californica Festuca californica Festuca californica Festuca idahoensis Festuca idahoensis Festuca idahoensis ssp. idahoensis Festuca occidentalis Festuca occidentalis Festuca occidentalis Fragaria vesca Fragaria vesca Fragaria vesca Fraxinus latifolia Fraxinus latifolia Fraxinus latifolia Fritillaria affinis Fritillaria affinis var. affinis Fritillaria affinis ssp. affinis Fritillaria glauca Fritillaria glauca Fritillaria glauca Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Galium ambiguum ssp. siskiyouense Galium aparine Galium aparine Galium aparine Galium parisiense Galium parisiense Galium parisiense Galium porrigens Galium porrigens Galium porrigens Galium triflorum Galium triflorum Galium triflorum Garrya buxifolia Garrya buxifolia Garrya buxifolia 89

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Garrya fremontii Garrya fremontii Garrya fremontii Gentiana setigera Gentiana setigera Gentiana setigera Geranium dissectum Geranium dissectum Geranium dissectum Geranium molle Geranium molle Geranium molle Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra Navarretia sinistra ssp. sinistra Githopsis specularioides Githopsis specularioides Githopsis specularioides Glyceria leptostachya Glyceria leptostachya Glyceria leptostachya Glyceria striata Glyceria striata Glyceria striata Gnaphalium canescens Gnaphalium canescens Gnaphalium canescens Gnaphalium palustre Gnaphalium palustre Gnaphalium palustre Gnaphalium purpureum Gnaphalium purpureum Gnaphalium purpureum Gnaphalium stramineum Gnaphalium stramineum Gnaphalium stramineum Goodyera oblongifolia Goodyera oblongifolia Goodyera oblongifolia Hastingsia alba Hastingsia serpentinicola Hastingsia serpentinicola Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa (Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa) Hastingsia bracteosa Hedera helix Hedera helix Hedera helix Helenium bigelovii Helenium bigelovii Helenium bigelovii Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii Heracleum lanatum Heracleum lanatum Heracleum maximum Hesperolinon micranthum Hesperolinon micranthum Hesperolinon micranthum Heterocodon rariflorum Heterocodon rariflorum Heterocodon rariflorum Heterotheca oregona Heterotheca oregona Heterotheca oregona 90

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Hieracium albiflorum Hieracium albiflorum Hieracium albiflorum Hieracium parryi (Hieracium parryi) Hieracium parryi Hirschfeldia incana Hirschfeldia incana (Hirschfeldia incana) Holcus lanatus Holcus lanatus Holcus lanatus Holodiscus discolor Holodiscus discolor Holodiscus discolor Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Horkelia sericata Horkelia sericata Horkelia sericata Hypericum anagalloides Hypericum anagalloides Hypericum anagalloides Hypericum perforatum Hypericum perforatum Hypericum perforatum Hypericum scouleri Hypericum formosum var. scouleri Hypericum scouleri ssp. scouleri Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris radicata Hypochaeris radicata Hypochaeris radicata Iris chrysophylla Iris chrysophylla Iris chrysophylla Iris sp. (Iris sp.) (Iris sp.) Juglans hindsii Juglans californica var. hindsii (Juglans californica var. hindsii) Juncus articulatus Juncus articulatus Juncus articulatus Juncus balticus Juncus balticus Juncus arcticus var. balticus Juncus bufonius Juncus bufonius var. bufonius Juncus bufonius (var. bufonius) Juncus effusus ssp. pacificus Juncus effusus var. pacificus Juncus effusus ssp. pacificus Juncus ensifolius Juncus ensifolius Juncus ensifolius Juncus nevadensis var. nevadensis Juncus nevadensis Juncus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis Juncus orthophyllus Juncus orthophyllus Juncus orthophyllus Juncus tenuis Juncus tenuis Juncus tenuis 91

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Kickxia elatine Kickxia elatine Kickxia elatine Koeleria macrantha Koeleria macrantha Koeleria macrantha Lactuca serriola Lactuca serriola Lactuca serriola Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule Lamium purpureum Lamium purpureum Lamium purpureum Lathyrus delnorticus Lathyrus delnorticus Lathyrus delnorticus Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus nevadensis var. nevadensis Lathyrus nevadensis var. nevadensis Lathyrus nevadensis Lathyrus polyphyllus Lathyrus polyphyllus Lathyrus polyphyllus Lathyrus sphaericus Lathyrus sphaericus Lathyrus sphaericus Leersia oryzoides Leersia oryzoides Leersia oryzoides Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre Lepidium strictum Lepidium strictum Lepidium strictum Leptosiphon bicolor Linanthus bicolor Leptosiphon minimus Leptosiphon bolanderi Linanthus bolanderi Leptosiphon bolanderi Leucanthemum vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare Lewisia oppositifolia Lewisia oppositifolia Lewisia oppositifolia Ligusticum apiifolium Ligusticum apiifolium Ligusticum apiifolium Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Linum bienne Linum bienne Linum bienne Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus Lithocarpus densiflorus ssp. densiflorus Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum 92

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Lithospermum californicum Lithospermum californicum Lithospermum californicum Lolium perenne Lolium perenne Lolium perenne Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum Lomatium dissectum ssp. dissectum Lomatium hallii Lomatium hallii Lomatium hallii Lomatium howellii Lomatium howellii Lomatium howellii Lomatium macrocarpum Lomatium macrocarpum Lomatium macrocarpum Lomatium nudicaule Lomatium nudicaule Lomatium nudicaule Lomatium triternatum var. triternatum Lomatium triternatum var. triternatum Lomatium triternatum ssp. triternatum Lomatium utriculatum Lomatium utriculatum Lomatium utriculatum Lonicera hispidula Lonicera hispidula Lonicera hispidula Lotus corniculatus Lotus corniculatus Lotus corniculatus Lotus crassifolius var. crassifolius Lotus crassifolius var. crassifolius Lotus crassifolius var. crassifolius Lotus micranthus Lotus micranthus Lotus micranthus Lotus nevadensis Lotus nevadensis var. nevadensis Lotus nevadensis var. douglasii Lotus oblongifolius Lotus oblongifolius var. oblongifolius Lotus oblongifolius var. oblongifolius Lotus purshianus Lotus purshianus var. purshianus Lotus purshianus Ludwigia palustris Ludwigia palustris Ludwigia palustris Lupinus albifrons Lupinus albifrons Lupinus albifrons Lupinus bicolor Lupinus nanus Lupinus bicolor Lupinus onustus Lupinus onustus Lupinus onustus Lupinus polycarpus Lupinus bicolor Lupinus polycarpus Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora (Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora) Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora Lysichiton americanus Lysichiton americanum Lysichiton americanus 93

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Lythrum hyssopifolium Lythrum hyssopifolium Lythrum hyssopifolium Madia elegans Madia elegans Madia elegans Madia exigua Madia exigua Madia exigua Madia gracilis Madia gracilis Madia gracilis Madia sativa Madia sativa Madia sativa Maianthemum racemosum Smilacina racemosa Maianthemum racemosum Malus ×domestica Malus sylvestris Malus pumila Malus fusca Malus fusca Malus fusca Malva neglecta Malva neglecta Malva neglecta Marah oreganus Marah oreganus Marah oreganus Matricaria discoidea Chamomilla suaveolens Matricaria discoidea Melica geyeri Melica geyeri Melica geyeri Melica harfordii Melica harfordii Melica harfordii Melica subulata Melica subulata Melica subulata Melilotus albus Melilotus alba Melilotus albus Mentha canadensis Mentha arvensis Mentha arvensis Mentha pulegium Mentha pulegium Mentha pulegium Mentha spicata Mentha spicata Mentha spicata Mentzelia laevicaulis Mentzelia laevicaulis Mentzelia laevicaulis Micropus californicus var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus Microseris howellii (Microseris howellii) Microseris howellii Mimulus alsinoides Mimulus alsinoides Mimulus alsinoides Mimulus cardinalis Mimulus cardinalis Mimulus cardinalis 94

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus Mimulus moschatus Mimulus moschatus Mimulus moschatus Minuartia douglasii Minuartia douglasii Minuartia douglasii Minuartia pusilla Minuartia pusilla Minuartia pusilla Moehringia macrophylla Moehringia macrophylla Moehringia macrophylla Mollugo verticillata Mollugo verticillata Mollugo verticillata Monardella villosa ssp. sheltonii Monardella sheltonii Monardella villosa ssp. sheltonii Montia fontana Montia fontana Montia fontana Montia linearis Montia linearis Montia linearis Montia parvifolia Montia parvifolia Montia parvifolia Muhlenbergia andina Muhlenbergia andina Muhlenbergia andina Myosotis discolor Myosotis discolor Myosotis discolor Myosotis laxa Myosotis laxa Myosotis laxa Narcissus sp. (Narcissus sp.) (Narcissus sp.) Narthecium californicum Narthecium californicum Narthecium californicum Nasturtium officinale Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Navarretia intertexta ssp. intertexta Navarretia intertexta ssp. intertexta Navarretia intertexta ssp. intertexta Navarretia squarrosa Navarretia squarrosa Navarretia squarrosa Nemophila heterophylla Nemophila heterophylla Nemophila heterophylla Nemophila pedunculata Nemophila pedunculata Nemophila pedunculata Noccaea fendleri ssp. siskiyouense (Thlaspi montanum var. siskiyouense) Thlaspi montanum var. siskiyouense Oemleria cerasiformis Oemleria cerasiformis Oemleria cerasiformis Oenanthe sarmentosa Oenanthe sarmentosa Oenanthe sarmentosa 95

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum Sisyrinchium douglasii (var. inflatum) Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum Oreostemma alpigenum var. andersonii Aster alpigenus var. andersonii Aster alpigenus var. andersonii Ornithogalum umbellatum (Ornithogalum umbellatum) (Ornithogalum umbellatum) Orobanche fasciculata Orobanche fasciculata Orobanche fasciculata Orobanche uniflora Orobanche uniflora Orobanche uniflora Orthocarpus bracteosus Orthocarpus bracteosus Orthocarpus bracteosus Osmorhiza berteroi Osmorhiza chilensis Osmorhiza berteroi Osmorhiza occidentalis Osmorhiza occidentalis Osmorhiza occidentalis Packera hesperia (Senecio hesperius) Senecio hesperius Packera macounii Senecio macounii Senecio macounii Panicum capillare Panicum capillare Panicum capillare ssp. capillare Parnassia californica Parnassia californica Parnassia californica Pectocarya pusilla Pectocarya pusilla Pectocarya pusilla Penstemon roezlii Penstemon roezlii Penstemon roezlii Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Perideridia oregana Perideridia oregana Perideridia oregana Persicaria hydropiperoides Polygonum hydropiperoides Polygonum hydropiperoides Persicaria maculosa Polygonum persicaria Polygonum persicaria Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Petasites frigidus ssp. palmatus Petrorhagia dubia Petrorhagia dubia (Petrorhagia dubia) Phacelia hastata var. compacta Phacelia hastata ssp. compacta Phacelia hastata var. compacta Phacelia mutabilis Phacelia mutabilis Phacelia mutabilis Phalaris arundinacea Phalaris arundinacea Phalaris arundinacea 96

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Philadelphus lewisii Philadelphus lewisii Philadelphus lewisii Phleum pratense Phleum pratense Phleum pratense Phlox gracilis Phlox gracilis Microsteris gracilis Phlox speciosa Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis Phlox speciosa Phoradendron villosum Phoradendron villosum Phoradendron villosum Physocarpus capitatus Physocarpus capitatus Physocarpus capitatus Pinus attenuata Pinus attenuata Pinus attenuata Pinus jeffreyi Pinus jeffreyi Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Pinus lambertiana Pinus lambertiana Pinus ponderosa Pinus ponderosa Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Piperia elongata Piperia elongata Piperia elongata Piperia transversa Piperia transversa Piperia transversa Plagiobothrys tenellus Plagiobothrys tenellus Plagiobothrys tenellus Plantago erecta Plantago erecta Plantago erecta Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Plantago major Plantago major Platanthera sparsiflora Platanthera sparsiflora Platanthera sparsiflora Plectritis brachystemon Plectritis brachystemon Plectritis brachystemon Plectritis congesta Plectritis congesta Plectritis congesta Poa annua Poa annua Poa annua Poa bulbosa Poa bulbosa Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara Poa palustris Poa palustris Poa palustris Poa pratensis Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis 97

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia Poa secunda ssp. secunda Poa secunda ssp. secunda Poa secunda ssp. secunda Polygala californica Polygala californica Polygala californica Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare Polygonum majus Polygonum douglasii ssp. majus Polygonum majus Polygonum sawatchense Polygonum douglasii ssp. johnstonii Polygonum sawatchense Polypodium glycyrrhiza Polypodium glycyrrhiza Polypodium glycyrrhiza Polypogon monspeliensis Polypogon monspeliensis Polypogon monspeliensis Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Polystichum munitum Polystichum munitum Polystichum munitum Populus trichocarpa Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa Portulaca oleracea Portulaca oleracea Portulaca oleracea Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ashlandica Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ashlandica Potentilla glandulosa var. ashlandica Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis Prosartes hookeri Disporum hookeri Prosartes hookeri Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasifera Prunus virginiana var. demissa Prunus virginiana var. demissa Prunus virginiana ssp. demissa Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Pteridium aquilinum ssp. pubescens Pyrola picta Pyrola picta Pyrola picta Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta 98

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Pyrus sp. (Pyrus sp.) (Pyrus sp.) Quercus chrysolepis Quercus chrysolepis Quercus chrysolepis Quercus garryana var. breweri Quercus garryana var. breweri Quercus garryana var. breweri Quercus garryana var. garryana Quercus garryana var. garryana Quercus garryana var. garryana Quercus kelloggii Quercus kelloggii Quercus kelloggii Quercus vaccinifolia Quercus vaccinifolia Quercus vaccinifolia Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Ranunculus aquatilis var. capillaceus Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Ranunculus flammula Ranunculus flammula Ranunculus flammula Ranunculus occidentalis Ranunculus occidentalis Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis Ranunculus orthorhynchus Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. orthohynchus Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. orthohynchus Ranunculus parviflorus Ranunculus parviflorus Ranunculus parviflorus Ranunculus repens Ranunculus repens Ranunculus repens Raphanus raphanistrum Raphanus raphanistrum Raphanus raphanistrum Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnus purshiana Rhododendron occidentale Rhododendron occidentale Rhododendron occidentale Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Ribes roezlii var. cruentum Ribes roezlii var. cruentum Ribes roezlii var. cruentum Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) Rorippa curvisiliqua Rorippa curvisiliqua Rorippa curvisiliqua Rosa californica Rosa californica Rosa californica Rosa gymnocarpa Rosa gymnocarpa Rosa gymnocarpa Rosa pisocarpa Rosa pisocarpa Rosa pisocarpa 99

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Rosa sp. (Rosa sp) (Rosa sp.) Rubus armeniacus Rubus discolor Rubus armeniacus Rubus laciniatus Rubus laciniatus Rubus laciniatus Rubus leucodermis Rubus leucodermis Rubus leucodermis ssp. leucodermis Rubus parviflorus Rubus parviflorus Rubus parviflorus Rubus ursinus Rubus ursinus Rubus ursinus Rudbeckia glaucescens Rudbeckia californica var. glauca Rudbeckia californica var. glauca Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella Rumex conglomeratus Rumex conglomeratus Rumex conglomeratus Rumex crispus Rumex crispus Rumex crispus Rumex salicifolius var. salicifolius Rumex salicifolius var. salicifolius Rumex salicifolius ssp. salicifolius Sagina apetala Sagina apetala Sagina apetala Salix exigua Salix exigua (Salix exigua) Salix lasiolepis Salix lasiolepis Salix lasiolepis Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra Salix melanopsis Salix melanopsis Salix melanopsis Salix sitchensis Salix sitchensis Salix sitchensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus mexicana Sambucus mexicana Sanguisorba minor Sanguisorba minor ssp. muricata Sanguisorba minor ssp. muricata Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis Sanicula bipinnatifida Sanicula bipinnatifida Sanicula bipinnatifida Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula graveolens Sanicula graveolens Sanicula graveolens 100

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Saponaria officinalis Saponaria officinalis Saponaria officinalis Satureja douglasii Satureja douglasii Satureja douglasii Saxifraga integrifolia Saxifraga integrifolia Saxifraga integrifolia Schedonorus arundinaceus Festuca arundinacea Lolium arundinaceum Scirpus microcarpus Scirpus microcarpus Scirpus microcarpus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus pendulus Scleranthus annuus Scleranthus annuus ssp. annuus Scleranthus annuus var. annuus Scutellaria antirrhinoides Scutellaria antirrhinoides Scutellaria antirrhinoides Sedum laxum ssp. laxum Sedum laxum ssp. laxum Sedum laxum ssp. laxum Selaginella wallacei Selaginella wallacei Selaginella wallacei Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus Senecio sylvaticus Senecio sylvaticus Senecio sylvaticus Sericocarpus oregonensis Aster oregonensis Aster oregonensis Sherardia arvensis Sherardia arvensis Sherardia arvensis Sidalcea malviflora ssp. asprella Sidalcea malviflora ssp. asprella Sidalcea malviflora ssp. asprella Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Silene gallica Silene gallica Silene gallica Silene hookeri ssp. hookeri Silene hookeri (ssp. hookeri) Silene hookeri ssp. hookeri Silene vulgaris Silene vulgaris Silene vulgaris Sisymbrium officinale Sisymbrium officinale Sisymbrium officinale Sisyrinchium bellum Sisyrinchium bellum Sisyrinchium bellum Smilax californica Smilax californica Smilax californica Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum 101

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Solidago californica Solidago californica Solidago californica Sonchus asper Sonchus asper ssp. asper Sonchus asper Spergula arvensis Spergula arvensis ssp. arvensis Spergula arvensis Spergularia rubra Spergularia rubra Spergularia rubra Spiraea douglasii var. douglasii Spiraea douglasii Spiraea douglasii ssp. douglasii Stachys rigida Stachys ajugoides var. rigida Stachys rigida Stellaria media Stellaria media Stellaria media Stellaria nitens Stellaria nitens Stellaria nitens Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus Symphoricarpos albus ssp. laevigatus Symphoricarpos mollis Symphoricarpos mollis Symphoricarpos mollis Symphyotrichum spathulatum Aster occidentalis Aster occidentalis Syringa vulgaris (Syringa vulgaris) (Syringa vulgaris) Taeniatherum caput-medusae Taeniatherum caput-medusae Taeniatherum caput-medusae Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum officinale Taxus brevifolia Taxus brevifolia Taxus brevifolia Tellima grandiflora Tellima grandiflora Tellima grandiflora Thalictrum polycarpum Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Thalictrum polycarpum Thinopyrum ponticum Elytrigia pontica Thinopyrum ponticum Thysanocarpus curvipes Thysanocarpus curvipes Thysanocarpus curvipes Tonella tenella Tonella tenella Tonella tenella Torilis arvensis Torilis arvensis Torilis arvensis Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicoscordion micranthum Zigadenus micranthus var. micranthus Zigadenus micranthus var. micranthus 102

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Tragopogon dubius Tragopogon dubius Tragopogon dubius Triantha occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Tofieldia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Triantha occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Trichostema lanceolatum Trichostema lanceolatum Trichostema lanceolatum Trichostema simulatum Trichostema simulatum Trichostema simulatum Trientalis latifolia Trientalis latifolia Trientalis latifolia Trifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomum Trifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomum Trifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomum Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens Trifolium dubium Trifolium dubium Trifolium dubium Trifolium eriocephalum ssp. eriocephalum Trifolium eriocephalum var. eriocephalum Trifolium eriocephalum var. eriocephalum Trifolium hirtum Trifolium hirtum (Trifolium hirtum) Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium longipes Trifolium longipes Trifolium longipes Trifolium microdon Trifolium microdon Trifolium microdon Trifolium pratense Trifolium pratense Trifolium pratense Trifolium striatum (Trifolium striatum) Trifolium striatum Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium variegatum Trifolium variegatum Trifolium variegatum Trifolium willdenovii Trifolium willdenovii Trifolium willdenovii Trillium albidum Trillium albidum Trillium albidum Trillium rivale Trillium rivale Trillium rivale Triphysaria pusilla Triphysaria pusilla Triphysaria pusilla Trisetum canescens Trisetum canescens Trisetum canescens Triteleia hendersonii (Triteleia hendersonii) Triteleia hendersonii 103

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Triteleia hyacinthina Triteleia hyacinthina Triteleia hyacinthina Umbellularia californica Umbellularia californica Umbellularia californica Valerianella locusta Valerianella locusta Valerianella locusta Vancouveria hexandra Vancouveria hexandra Vancouveria hexandra Veratrum insolitum Veratrum insolitum Veratrum insolitum Verbascum blattaria Verbascum blattaria Verbascum blattaria Verbascum thapsus Verbascum thapsus Verbascum thapsus Verbena lasiostachys Verbena lasiostachys var. lasiostachys Verbena lasiostachys ssp. lasiostachys Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica arvensis Veronica arvensis Veronica arvensis Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis Veronica persica Veronica persica Veronica persica Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Vicia americana Vicia americana var. americana Vicia americana var. americana Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Vinca major Vinca major Vinca major Viola adunca Viola adunca Viola adunca Viola cuneata Viola cuneata Viola cuneata Viola glabella Viola glabella Viola glabella Viola hallii Viola hallii Viola hallii Viola lobata ssp. integrifolia Viola lobata ssp. integrifolia Viola lobata ssp. integrifolia Viola odorata Viola odorata (Viola odorata) Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis 104

Oregon Plant Atlas Taxonomy The Jepson Manual Taxonomy Kozloff's Flora Taxonomy Vitis californica Vitis californica Vitis californica Vulpia bromoides Vulpia bromoides Vulpia bromoides Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys var. confusa Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora Vulpia microstachys Whipplea modesta Whipplea modesta Whipplea modesta Woodwardia fimbriata Woodwardia fimbriata Woodwardia fimbriata Wyethia angustifolia Wyethia angustifolia Wyethia angustifolia Xerophyllum tenax Xerophyllum tenax Xerophyllum tenax Yabea microcarpa Yabea microcarpa Yabea microcarpa Yucca filamentosa (Yucca filamentosa) (Yucca filamentosa) 105

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Appendix C: Blooming order of flowering plants on the DCC property in 2007

In the table, flowering date shows the earliest date I photographed a particular taxon flowering. Most flowering dates denote the early end of the 2007 blooming period, but a few may occur later in the blooming period. For those taxa I didn’t encounter in flower, I have noted the flowering date as either “not recorded” or “before” the date at which I found it past flower.

Flowering Taxon Family Date Arabis subpinnatifida Brassicaceae 03/23 Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii Brassicaceae 03/23 Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua Portulacaceae 03/23 Crocidium multicaule Asteraceae 03/23 Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Liliaceae 03/23 Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum Saxifragaceae 03/23 Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora Juncaceae 03/23 Noccaea fendleri ssp. siskiyouense Brassicaceae 03/23 Saxifraga integrifolia Saxifragaceae 03/23 Trillium rivale Liliaceae 03/23 Viola cuneata Violaceae 03/23 Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata Brassicaceae 03/24 Claytonia exigua ssp. glauca Portulacaceae 03/24 Montia fontana Portulacaceae 03/24 Narcissus sp. Liliaceae 03/24 Nemophila pedunculata Hydrophyllaceae 03/24 Oemleria cerasiformis Rosaceae 03/24 Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum Iridaceae 03/24 Stellaria media Caryophyllaceae 03/24 Stellaria nitens Caryophyllaceae 03/24 Umbellularia californica Lauraceae 03/24 Aphanes arvensis Rosaceae 03/25 Lomatium macrocarpum Apiaceae 03/25 Lomatium triternatum var. triternatum Apiaceae 03/25

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Trifolium subterraneum Fabaceae 03/25 Arctostaphylos viscida Ericaceae 03/27 Cardamine oligosperma Brassicaceae 03/27 Corylus cornuta var. californica Betulaceae 03/27 Dodecatheon hendersonii Primulaceae 03/27 Ribes roezlii var. cruentum Grossulariaceae 03/27 Sanicula graveolens Apiaceae 03/27 Viola lobata ssp. integrifolia Violaceae 03/27 Anemone oregana var. oregana Ranunculaceae 03/28 Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Brassicaceae 03/28 Ceanothus pumilus Rhamnaceae 03/28 Cynoglossum grande Boraginaceae 03/28 Prunus cerasifera Rosaceae 03/28 Viola hallii Violaceae 03/28 Fritillaria affinis Liliaceae 03/29 Lomatium hallii Apiaceae 03/29 Mimulus alsinoides Scrophulariaceae 03/29 Salix lasiolepis Salicaceae 03/29 Cerastium arvense Caryophyllaceae 03/30 Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Portulacaceae 03/30 Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Portulacaceae 03/30 Delphinium nuttallianum Ranunculaceae 03/30 Mimulus guttatus Scrophulariaceae 03/30 Nemophila heterophylla Hydrophyllaceae 03/30 Tonella tenella Scrophulariaceae 03/30 Alopecurus pratensis Poaceae 03/31 Bellis perennis Asteraceae 03/31 Brassica rapa Brassicaceae 03/31 Calandrinia ciliata Portulacaceae 03/31 Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae 03/31 Erodium cicutarium Geraniaceae 03/31 Lamium amplexicaule Lamiaceae 03/31 Lamium purpureum Lamiaceae 03/31 Poa annua Poaceae 03/31 Raphanus raphanistrum Brassicaceae 03/31 Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Grossulariaceae 03/31

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Taraxacum officinale Asteraceae 03/31 Veronica persica Scrophulariaceae 03/31 Viola glabella Violaceae 03/31 Amelanchier utahensis Rosaceae 04/05 Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis Orchidaceae 04/05 Draba verna Brassicaceae 04/05 Minuartia pusilla Caryophyllaceae 04/05 Montia linearis Portulacaceae 04/05 Phlox gracilis Polemoniaceae 04/05 Ranunculus occidentalis Ranunculaceae 04/05 Salix sitchensis Salicaceae 04/05 Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae 04/06 Arctostaphylos canescens Ericaceae 04/06 Balsamorhiza sericea x deltoidea Asteraceae 04/06 Fraxinus latifolia Oleaceae 04/06 Moehringia macrophylla Caryophyllaceae 04/06 Phlox speciosa Polemoniaceae 04/06 Balsamorhiza deltoidea Asteraceae 04/08 Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii Liliaceae 04/08 Castilleja brevilobata Scrophulariaceae 04/08 Collomia heterophylla Polemoniaceae 04/08 Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Rubiaceae 04/08 Iris chrysophylla Iridaceae 04/08 Lomatium howellii Apiaceae 04/08 Lomatium nudicaule Apiaceae 04/08 Arabis aculeolata Brassicaceae 04/12 Ceanothus pumilus x cuneatus Rhamnaceae 04/12 Collinsia linearis Scrophulariaceae 04/12 Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Liliaceae 04/12 Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. monanthum Primulaceae 04/12 Epilobium minutum Onagraceae 04/12 Lithospermum californicum Boraginaceae 04/12 Melica geyeri Poaceae 04/12 Plectritis congesta Valerianaceae 04/12 Poa secunda ssp. secunda Poaceae 04/12 Sanicula bipinnatifida Apiaceae 04/12

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Scleranthus annuus Caryophyllaceae 04/12 Acacia dealbata Fabaceae 04/13 Arabidopsis thaliana Brassicaceae 04/13 Asarum caudatum Aristolochiaceae 04/13 Chaenomeles ×superba Rosaceae 04/13 Claytonia sibirica Portulacaceae 04/13 Fritillaria glauca Liliaceae 04/13 Myosotis discolor Boraginaceae 04/13 Viola odorata Violaceae before 04/15 Cerastium glomeratum Caryophyllaceae 04/15 Crassula tillaea Crassulaceae 04/15 Lepidium strictum Brassicaceae 04/15 Matricaria discoidea Asteraceae 04/15 Poa bulbosa Poaceae 04/15 Sagina apetala Caryophyllaceae 04/15 Spergularia rubra Caryophyllaceae 04/15 Trifolium dubium Fabaceae 04/15 Trifolium longipes Fabaceae 04/15 Trillium albidum Liliaceae 04/15 Veronica arvensis Scrophulariaceae 04/15 Galium aparine Rubiaceae 04/19 Lewisia oppositifolia Portulacaceae 04/19 Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus Asteraceae 04/19 Arbutus menziesii Ericaceae 04/20 Berberis piperiana Berberidaceae 04/20 Euphorbia crenulata Euphorbiaceae 04/20 Osmorhiza occidentalis Apiaceae 04/20 Phacelia hastata var. compacta Hydrophyllaceae 04/20 Thysanocarpus curvipes Brassicaceae 04/20 Vicia americana Fabaceae 04/20 Dactylis glomerata Poaceae 04/24 Athysanus pusillus Brassicaceae 04/26 Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Poaceae 04/26 Darlingtonia californica Sarraceniaceae 04/26 Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum Apiaceae 04/26 Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae 04/26

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Lupinus bicolor Fabaceae 04/26 Lysichiton americanus Araceae 04/26 Ornithogalum umbellatum Liliaceae 04/26 Plagiobothrys tenellus Boraginaceae 04/26 Plectritis brachystemon Valerianaceae 04/26 Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia Poaceae 04/26 Quercus garryana var. garryana Fagaceae 04/26 Rhododendron occidentale Ericaceae 04/26 Trifolium eriocephalum ssp. eriocephalum Fabaceae 04/26 Viola adunca Violaceae 04/26 Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis Violaceae 04/26 Yabea microcarpa Apiaceae 04/26 Balsamorhiza sericea Asteraceae 04/27 Cacaliopsis nardosmia Asteraceae 04/27 Calochortus tolmiei Liliaceae 04/27 Cornus nuttallii Cornaceae 04/27 Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Brassicaceae 04/27 Festuca californica Poaceae 04/27 Leptosiphon bolanderi Polemoniaceae 04/27 Lupinus onustus Fabaceae 04/27 Prosartes hookeri Liliaceae 04/27 Toxicoscordion micranthum Liliaceae 04/27 Trientalis latifolia Primulaceae 04/27 Calochortus uniflorus Liliaceae 04/28 Castilleja attenuata Scrophulariaceae 04/28 Castilleja miniata var. miniata Scrophulariaceae 04/28 Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Portulacaceae 04/28 Darmera peltata Saxifragaceae 04/28 Eschscholzia californica Papaveraceae 04/28 Leptosiphon bicolor Polemoniaceae 04/28 Lotus micranthus Fabaceae 04/28 Lupinus polycarpus Fabaceae 04/28 Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae 04/28 Pectocarya pusilla Boraginaceae 04/28 Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae 04/28 Rumex acetosella Polygonaceae 04/28

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Caryophyllaceae 04/28 Trifolium hirtum Fabaceae 04/28 Vinca major Apocynaceae 04/28 Whipplea modesta Hydrangeaceae 04/28 Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi Callitrichaceae 04/29 Geranium molle Geraniaceae 04/29 Lathyrus nevadensis var. nevadensis Fabaceae 04/29 Ranunculus parviflorus Ranunculaceae 04/29 Sherardia arvensis Rubiaceae 04/29 Tellima grandiflora Saxifragaceae 04/29 Valerianella locusta Valerianaceae 04/29 Cercocarpus betuloides Rosaceae before 05/03 Agoseris heterophylla Asteraceae 05/03 Allium falcifolium Liliaceae 05/03 Boschniakia strobilacea Orobanchaceae 05/03 Comandra umbellata Santalaceae 05/03 Rosa sp. Rosaceae 05/03 Vulpia microstachys Poaceae 05/03 Aira caryophyllea Poaceae 05/04 Briza minor Poaceae 05/04 Bromus diandrus Poaceae 05/04 Cerastium semidecandrum Caryophyllaceae 05/04 Glyceria leptostachya Poaceae 05/04 Lathyrus sphaericus Fabaceae 05/04 Lepidium campestre Brassicaceae 05/04 Poa pratensis Poaceae 05/04 Ranunculus orthorhynchus Ranunculaceae 05/04 Ranunculus repens Ranunculaceae 05/04 Rorippa curvisiliqua Brassicaceae 05/04 Schedonorus arundinaceus Poaceae 05/04 Spergula arvensis Caryophyllaceae 05/04 Trifolium hybridum Fabaceae 05/04 Triphysaria pusilla Scrophulariaceae 05/04 Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia Scrophulariaceae 05/04 Vulpia bromoides Poaceae 05/04 Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Boraginaceae 05/05

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Ceanothus cuneatus Rhamnaceae 05/05 Collinsia grandiflora Scrophulariaceae 05/05 Lupinus albifrons Fabaceae 05/05 Malus ×domestica Rosaceae 05/05 Micropus californicus var. californicus Asteraceae 05/05 Minuartia douglasii Caryophyllaceae 05/05 Orobanche uniflora Orobanchaceae 05/05 Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Asteraceae 05/05 Pyrus sp. Rosaceae 05/05 Trifolium willdenovii Fabaceae 05/05 Anthriscus caucalis Apiaceae 05/06 Crataegus suksdorfii Rosaceae 05/06 Fragaria vesca Rosaceae 05/06 Malus fusca Rosaceae 05/06 Sanicula crassicaulis Apiaceae 05/06 Arnica cernua Asteraceae 05/10 Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica Cyperaceae 05/10 Carex inops ssp. inops Cyperaceae 05/10 Carex mendocinensis Cyperaceae 05/10 Cypripedium californicum Orchidaceae 05/10 Danthonia californica Poaceae 05/10 Eleocharis parishii Cyperaceae 05/10 Eriophorum cringerum Cyperaceae 05/10 Lotus oblongifolius Fabaceae 05/10 Platanthera sparsiflora Orchidaceae 05/10 Prunus virginiana var. demissa Rosaceae 05/10 Silene hookeri ssp. hookeri Caryophyllaceae 05/10 Sisyrinchium bellum Iridaceae 05/10 Trifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomum Fabaceae 05/10 Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens Fabaceae 05/10 Trifolium microdon Fabaceae 05/10 Trifolium variegatum Fabaceae 05/10 Acer circinatum Aceraceae 05/11 Bromus tectorum Poaceae 05/11 Githopsis specularioides Campanulaceae 05/11 Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Poaceae 05/11

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Hypochaeris glabra Asteraceae 05/11 Lathyrus polyphyllus Fabaceae 05/11 Petrorhagia dubia Caryophyllaceae 05/11 Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Asteraceae 05/11 Rubus ursinus Rosaceae 05/11 Trifolium striatum Fabaceae 05/11 Triteleia hendersonii Liliaceae 05/11 Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis Scrophulariaceae 05/11 Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Fabaceae 05/11 Anthemis arvensis Asteraceae 05/12 Aquilegia formosa Ranunculaceae 05/12 Arnica spathulata Asteraceae 05/12 Castilleja tenuis Scrophulariaceae 05/12 Microseris howellii Asteraceae 05/12 Packera hesperia Asteraceae 05/12 Rosa gymnocarpa Rosaceae 05/12 Achnatherum lemmonii Poaceae 05/17 Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Convolvulaceae 05/17 Carex multicaulis Cyperaceae 05/17 Clarkia gracilis ssp. gracilis Onagraceae 05/17 Crepis pleurocarpa Asteraceae 05/17 Cryptantha intermedia Boraginaceae 05/17 Deschampsia elongata Poaceae 05/17 Dichelostemma congestum Liliaceae 05/17 Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides Asteraceae 05/17 Festuca idahoensis Poaceae 05/17 Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Polemoniaceae 05/17 Hastingsia alba Liliaceae 05/17 Hypochaeris radicata Asteraceae 05/17 Koeleria macrantha Poaceae 05/17 Ligusticum apiifolium Apiaceae 05/17 Linum bienne Linaceae 05/17 Lotus crassifolius var. crassifolius Fabaceae 05/17 Madia exigua Asteraceae 05/17 Montia parvifolia Portulacaceae 05/17 Quercus vaccinifolia Fagaceae 05/17

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Rubus leucodermis Rosaceae 05/17 Xerophyllum tenax Liliaceae 05/17 Garrya fremontii Garryaceae before 05/18 Asclepias cordifolia Asclepiadaceae 05/18 Bromus sterilis Poaceae 05/18 Carex nudata Cyperaceae 05/18 Madia gracilis Asteraceae 05/18 Orthocarpus bracteosus Scrophulariaceae 05/18 Penstemon roezlii Scrophulariaceae 05/18 Triteleia hyacinthina Liliaceae 05/18 Avena fatua Poaceae 05/24 Carex leptopoda Cyperaceae 05/24 Carex preslii Cyperaceae 05/24 Centaurea cyanus Asteraceae 05/24 Centaurea debeauxii ssp. thuillieri Asteraceae 05/24 Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera Onagraceae 05/24 Cryptantha flaccida Boraginaceae 05/24 Cynosurus echinatus Poaceae 05/24 Eriogonum nudum var. nudum Polygonaceae 05/24 Gnaphalium palustre Asteraceae 05/24 Leucanthemum vulgare Asteraceae 05/24 Lotus corniculatus Fabaceae 05/24 Melica subulata Poaceae 05/24 Poa palustris Poaceae 05/24 Rosa californica Rosaceae 05/24 Rubus armeniacus Rosaceae 05/24 Scirpus microcarpus Cyperaceae 05/24 Sidalcea malviflora ssp. asprella Malvaceae 05/24 Silene vulgaris Caryophyllaceae 05/24 Thalictrum polycarpum Ranunculaceae 05/24 Veronica anagallis-aquatica Scrophulariaceae 05/24 Quercus garryana var. breweri Fagaceae before 05/25 Allium bolanderi var. mirabile Liliaceae 05/25 Bromus carinatus Poaceae 05/25 Ceanothus integerrimus Rhamnaceae 05/25 Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Poaceae 05/25

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Eriodictyon californicum Hydrophyllaceae 05/25 Iris sp. Iridaceae 05/25 Juglans hindsii Juglandaceae 05/25 Madia elegans Asteraceae 05/25 Maianthemum racemosum Liliaceae 05/25 Marah oreganus Cucurbitaceae 05/25 Polygala californica Polygalaceae 05/25 Robinia pseudoacacia Fabaceae 05/25 Rubus parviflorus Rosaceae 05/25 Sambucus mexicana Caprifoliaceae 05/25 Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardiaceae 05/25 Wyethia angustifolia Asteraceae 05/25 Allium amplectens Liliaceae 05/26 Carex feta Cyperaceae 05/26 Carex fracta Cyperaceae 05/26 Carex stipata var. stipata Cyperaceae 05/26 Centromadia fitchii Asteraceae 05/26 Geranium dissectum Geraniaceae 05/26 Horkelia sericata Rosaceae 05/26 Juncus bufonius Juncaceae 05/26 Lolium perenne Poaceae 05/26 Navarretia intertexta ssp. intertexta Polemoniaceae 05/26 Ranunculus flammula Ranunculaceae 05/26 Rumex crispus Polygonaceae 05/26 Sonchus asper Asteraceae 05/26 Trifolium pratense Fabaceae 05/26 Verbascum blattaria Scrophulariaceae 05/26 Verbena lasiostachys Verbenaceae 05/26 Achillea millefolium Asteraceae 05/27 Bistorta bistortoides Polygonaceae 05/27 Calystegia atriplicifolia Convolvulaceae 05/27 Carex athrostachya Cyperaceae 05/27 Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulaceae 05/27 Cytisus scoparius Fabaceae 05/27 Deschampsia danthonioides Poaceae 05/27 Helenium bigelovii Asteraceae 05/27

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Juncus balticus Juncaceae 05/27 Oreostemma alpigenum var. andersonii Asteraceae 05/27 Physocarpus capitatus Rosaceae 05/27 Polygonum sawatchense Polygonaceae 05/27 Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ashlandica Rosaceae 05/27 Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis Rosaceae 05/27 Rhamnus californica ssp. occidentalis Rhamnaceae 05/27 Sanguisorba minor Rosaceae 05/27 Silene gallica Caryophyllaceae 05/27 Anagallis arvensis Primulaceae 05/31 Anthoxanthum odoratum Poaceae 05/31 Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Liliaceae 05/31 Carex aurea Cyperaceae 05/31 Carex serratodens Cyperaceae 05/31 Elymus multisetus Poaceae 05/31 Erigeron foliosus var. confinis Asteraceae 05/31 Hesperolinon micranthum Linaceae 05/31 Juncus tenuis Juncaceae 05/31 Lotus nevadensis Fabaceae 05/31 Packera macounii Asteraceae 05/31 Scirpus pendulus Cyperaceae 05/31 Scutellaria antirrhinoides Lamiaceae 05/31 Taeniatherum caput-medusae Poaceae 05/31 Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynaceae 06/01 Carex subfusca Cyperaceae 06/01 Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa Poaceae 06/01 Hieracium albiflorum Asteraceae 06/01 Hieracium parryi Asteraceae 06/01 Lathyrus delnorticus Fabaceae 06/01 Orobanche fasciculata Orobanchaceae 06/01 Perideridia oregana Apiaceae 06/01 Phacelia mutabilis Hydrophyllaceae 06/01 Trisetum canescens Poaceae 06/01 Anisocarpus madioides Asteraceae 06/02 Clarkia rhomboidea Onagraceae 06/02 Festuca occidentalis Poaceae 06/02

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Stachys rigida Lamiaceae 06/02 Torilis arvensis Apiaceae 06/02 Vancouveria hexandra Berberidaceae 06/02 Agoseris grandiflora Asteraceae before 06/24 Calochortus howellii Liliaceae 06/24 Campanula prenanthoides Campanulaceae 06/24 Epipactis gigantea Orchidaceae 06/24 Holcus lanatus Poaceae 06/24 Holodiscus discolor Rosaceae 06/24 Hypericum perforatum Hypericaceae 06/24 Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Liliaceae 06/24 Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata Lamiaceae 06/24 Rubus laciniatus Rosaceae 06/24 Thinopyrum ponticum Poaceae 06/24 Alopecurus aequalis Poaceae 06/25 Carex obnupta Cyperaceae 06/25 Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica Onagraceae 06/25 Cyperus eragrostis Cyperaceae 06/25 Galium triflorum Rubiaceae 06/25 Heracleum lanatum Apiaceae 06/25 Juncus articulatus Juncaceae 06/25 Juncus nevadensis var. nevadensis Juncaceae 06/25 Kickxia elatine Scrophulariaceae 06/25 Mentha pulegium Lamiaceae 06/25 Mimulus cardinalis Scrophulariaceae 06/25 Mimulus moschatus Scrophulariaceae 06/25 Monardella villosa ssp. sheltonii Lamiaceae 06/25 Myosotis laxa Boraginaceae 06/25 Phalaris arundinacea Poaceae 06/25 Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Ranunculaceae 06/25 Rumex conglomeratus Polygonaceae 06/25 Rumex salicifolius var. salicifolius Polygonaceae 06/25 Salix melanopsis Salicaceae 06/25 Cornus sericea Cornaceae before 06/26 Galium parisiense Rubiaceae before 06/26 Angelica arguta Apiaceae 06/26

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Asclepias fascicularis Asclepiadaceae 06/26 Castilleja elata Scrophulariaceae 06/26 Collomia grandiflora Polemoniaceae 06/26 Dianthus armeria Caryophyllaceae 06/26 Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae 06/26 Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa Liliaceae 06/26 Heterocodon rariflorum Campanulaceae 06/26 Hypericum anagalloides Hypericaceae 06/26 Hypericum scouleri Hypericaceae 06/26 Juncus orthophyllus Juncaceae 06/26 Lathyrus latifolius Fabaceae 06/26 Lotus purshianus Fabaceae 06/26 Narthecium californicum Liliaceae 06/26 Navarretia squarrosa Polemoniaceae 06/26 Pyrola picta Ericaceae 06/26 Rudbeckia glaucescens Asteraceae 06/26 Tragopogon dubius Asteraceae 06/26 Asclepias speciosa Asclepiadaceae 06/27 Carex utriculata Cyperaceae 06/27 Centaurium muehlenbergii Gentianaceae 06/27 Chenopodium botrys Chenopodiaceae 06/27 Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Liliaceae 06/27 Epilobium densiflorum Onagraceae 06/27 Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra Polemoniaceae 06/27 Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii Asteraceae 06/27 Heterotheca oregona Asteraceae 06/27 Hirschfeldia incana Brassicaceae 06/27 Juncus ensifolius Juncaceae 06/27 Philadelphus lewisii Hydrangeaceae 06/27 Satureja douglasii Lamiaceae 06/27 Smilax californica Liliaceae 06/27 Spiraea douglasii var. douglasii Rosaceae 06/27 Anthemis cotula Asteraceae 06/28 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae 06/28 Daucus carota Apiaceae 06/28

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Lactuca serriola Asteraceae 06/28 Malva neglecta Malvaceae 06/28 Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae 06/28 Chimaphila menziesii Ericaceae before 06/29 Blepharipappus scaber Asteraceae 06/29 Boykinia occidentalis Saxifragaceae 06/29 Bromus laevipes Poaceae 06/29 Cirsium remotifolium Asteraceae 06/29 Clematis ligusticifolia Ranunculaceae 06/29 Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Onagraceae 06/29 Eriogonum vimineum Polygonaceae 06/29 Galium porrigens Rubiaceae 06/29 Glyceria striata Poaceae 06/29 Lonicera hispidula Caprifoliaceae 06/29 Achlys triphylla Berberidaceae before 07/01 Cypripedium fasciculatum Orchidaceae before 07/01 Sedum laxum ssp. laxum Crassulaceae before 07/01 Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus Scrophulariaceae 07/01 Juncus effusus ssp. pacificus Juncaceae 07/01 Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Caprifoliaceae 07/01 Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus Fagaceae 07/01 Polygonum majus Polygonaceae 07/01 Senecio sylvaticus Asteraceae 07/01 Gnaphalium purpureum Asteraceae before 07/02 Anaphalis margaritacea Asteraceae 07/02 Brachypodium sylvaticum Poaceae 07/02 Cirsium vulgare Asteraceae 07/02 Gnaphalium stramineum Asteraceae 07/02 Rosa pisocarpa Rosaceae 07/02 Adenocaulon bicolor Asteraceae 07/03 Agrostis exarata Poaceae 07/03 Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum ssp. breweri Scrophulariaceae 07/03 Chamerion angustifolium var. canescens Onagraceae 07/03 Melica harfordii Poaceae 07/03 Phleum pratense Poaceae 07/03 Veratrum insolitum Liliaceae 07/03

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Conium maculatum Apiaceae 07/05 Fallopia convolvulus Polygonaceae 07/05 Melilotus albus Fabaceae 07/05 Persicaria maculosa Polygonaceae 07/05 Eleocharis obtusa Cyperaceae 07/11 Lythrum hyssopifolium Lythraceae 07/11 Nasturtium officinale Brassicaceae 07/11 Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae 07/11 Plantago major Plantaginaceae 07/11 Verbascum thapsus Scrophulariaceae 07/11 Agrostis pallens Poaceae 07/12 Aralia californica Araliaceae 07/12 Eurybia radulina Asteraceae 07/12 Gnaphalium canescens Asteraceae 07/12 Piperia elongata Orchidaceae 07/12 Piperia transversa Orchidaceae 07/12 Cirsium arvense Asteraceae 07/13 Dipsacus fullonum Dipsacaceae 07/13 Mentha canadensis Lamiaceae 07/13 Mentzelia laevicaulis Loasaceae 07/13 Trichostema lanceolatum Lamiaceae 07/13 Elymus elymoides Poaceae before 07/16 Elymus repens Poaceae 07/16 Madia sativa Asteraceae 07/16 Muhlenbergia andina Poaceae 07/16 Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta Asteraceae 07/16 Amaranthus albus Amaranthaceae 07/19 Cuscuta occidentalis Cuscutaceae 07/19 Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae 07/19 Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae 07/20 Centaurea jacea Asteraceae 07/20 Centaurea solstitialis Asteraceae 07/20 Cichorium intybus Asteraceae 07/20 Epilobium oreganum Onagraceae 07/20 Gentiana setigera Gentianaceae 07/20 Ludwigia palustris Onagraceae 07/20

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Saponaria officinalis Caryophyllaceae 07/20 Triantha occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Liliaceae 07/20 Echinochloa crus-galli Poaceae 07/23 Mentha spicata Lamiaceae 07/23 Persicaria hydropiperoides Polygonaceae 07/23 Polypogon monspeliensis Poaceae 07/23 Aristida oligantha Poaceae 07/24 Epilobium brachycarpum Onagraceae 07/24 Goodyera oblongifolia Orchidaceae 07/24 Plantago erecta Plantaginaceae 07/24 Trichostema simulatum Lamiaceae 07/24 Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodiaceae 07/25 Salix exigua Salicaceae 07/25 Sisymbrium officinale Brassicaceae 07/25 Eriogonum pendulum Polygonaceae 07/29 Solidago californica Asteraceae 07/29 Yucca filamentosa Liliaceae 07/29 Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum Poaceae 07/31 Sanguisorba officinalis Rosaceae 07/31 Chamaesyce maculata Euphorbiaceae 08/10 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae 08/10 Agrostis stolonifera Poaceae 08/11 Cyperus strigosus Cyperaceae 08/11 Fallopia japonica Polygonaceae 08/11 Mollugo verticillata Molluginaceae 08/11 Panicum capillare Poaceae 08/11 Eucephalus vialis Asteraceae 08/15 Phoradendron villosum Viscaceae 08/15 Sericocarpus oregonensis Asteraceae 08/15 Euthamia occidentalis Asteraceae 08/20 Symphyotrichum spathulatum Asteraceae 08/20 Leersia oryzoides Poaceae 08/22 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 08/22 Bidens frondosa Asteraceae 09/01 Parnassia californica Parnassiaceae 09/01 Alnus rhombifolia Betulaceae not recorded

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Flowering Taxon Family Date Amelanchier alnifolia Rosaceae not recorded Garrya buxifolia Garryaceae not recorded Hedera helix Araliaceae not recorded Populus trichocarpa Salicaceae not recorded Quercus chrysolepis Fagaceae not recorded Quercus kelloggii Fagaceae not recorded Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnaceae not recorded Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra Salicaceae not recorded Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus Caprifoliaceae not recorded Symphoricarpos mollis Caprifoliaceae not recorded Syringa vulgaris Oleaceae not recorded Vitis californica Vitaceae not recorded

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Appendix D: Additional vascular plant resources for the DCC area

Becking, R.W. 1997. The Darlingtonia bog communities of the Klamath Mountains, northwest California – southwest Oregon. Pp. 1-7 in: Beigel, J.K., E.S. Jules and B. Snitkin, eds. Proceedings of the First Conference on Siskiyou Ecology, May 30 – June 1, 1997. Coordinated by the Siskiyou Regional Educational Project, Cave Junction, OR.

Bennett, G. 1987. Population monitoring of Hastingsia bracteosa in four bogs on Eight Dollar Mountain, Josephine County, Oregon. Report to the Oregon Field Office of The Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR.

Borgias, D.D. 1993. The hydrologic regime of serpentine fens on Eight Dollar Mountain, Josephine County, Oregon. Unpublished report, Oregon Field Office of The Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR. 8 pp. plus appendices.

Copeland, W.N. 1978. Botanical survey of Eight Dollar Mountain. Unpublished report on file at the Oregon Natural Heritage Data Base, 1205 NW 25 th Ave., Portland, OR. 19pp.

Heinze, D.H. 2006. The plants of Eight Dollar Mountain. USDA Forest Service. (http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7791)

Hickman, O.E. 1997. Potential natural (historic?) vegetation of the central Illinois River Valley. Pp. 47-55 in: Beigel, J.K., E.S. Jules and B. Snitkin, eds. Proceedings of the First Conference on Siskiyou Ecology, May 30 – June 1, 1997. Coordinated by the Siskiyou Regional Educational Project, Cave Junction, OR.

Lang, F.A. 1997. Eight Dollar Mountain and Josephine Creek Darlingtonia fen flora. Unpublished. 10pp.

Sweeney, R.J. 2003. Environmental and habitat variables affecting five rare plant taxa in serpentine fens of the Klamath Mountains. Master’s Thesis – Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR.

Tolman, D.A. 2006. Characterization of the ecotone between Jeffrey pine savannas and Darlingtonia fens in southwestern Oregon. Madrono Vol. 53 Issue 3, pp. 199- 210.

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Appendix E: Contents of attached DVD

Data Database - DCC_plant_inventory_database.mdb – Microsoft Access database of all plant collections and observations from the inventory - DCC_plant_list.pdf – Plant list of all taxa encountered on the inventory with OFP, Jepson, and Kozloff taxonomy; common names; origin; flowering date; and abundance (exported from database) GIS - 2nd Edition Quadrangle.lyr – Ties quadrangle layers together with border and background removed - aerial2 – Aerial photo from 2005 - DCC_plant_observations – Point data of all taxa observations recorded during inventory - DCC_wetlands – Polygon data depicting approximate boundaries of DCC wetlands retaining water into summer - DCC_survey_boundaries – Polygon data depicting DCC boundaries used on inventory also indicating which areas were surveyed and which were not - dem10_dcc – 10m digital elevation model - seq35_utm10nad83.tif – USGS Eight Dollar Mountain quadrangle - seq36_utm10nad83.tif – USGS Selma quadrangle Photos Animals – Animals encountered during survey Cultural artifacts – Evidence of past human use of DCC property Landscapes – Landscape images of the DCC property Plants – Plants organized by taxon

Report DCC_plant_inventory.pdf - Full report of survey Report images – Figures used in report