DOCSLIB.ORG

Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan March 2020 Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page i Acknowledgements Steering Committee: Clinton Begley Long Tom Watershed Council Sara Evans-Peters Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture Claire Fiegener Greenbelt Land Trust Tom Kaye Institute for Applied Ecology Nicole Maness Willamette Partnership Shelly Miller City of Eugene Will Neuhauser Yamhill Partners for Land and Water Michael Pope Greenbelt Land Trust Lawrence Schwabe Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Bruce Taylor Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture Stan van de Wetering Confederated Tribes Siletz Kelly Warren Ducks Unlimited INC Contractors: Jeff Krueger JK Environments Carolyn Menke Institute for Applied Ecology Working Group: Bob Altman American Bird Conservancy Ed Alverson Lane County Parks Marc Bell Polk Soil and Water Conservation District Andrea Berkley Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Matt Blakeley-Smith Greenbelt Land Trust Jason Blazar Friends of Buford Park & Mt. Pisgah Lynda Boyer Heritage Seedlings Joe Buttafuoco The Nature Conservancy Mikki Collins U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sarah Deumling Zena Forest Daniel Dietz McKenzie River Trust Sarah Dyrdhal Middle Fork Willamette Watershed Council Matt Gibbons The Nature Conservancy Lauren Grand Oregon State University Extension Service Jarod Jebousek U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Bart Johnson University of Oregon Pat Johnston U.S Bureau of Land Management Molly Juillerat U.S. National Forest Service (MFWRD) Cameron King U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service John Klock U.S Bureau of Land Management Ann Kreager Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Amie Loop-Frison Yamhill Soil and Water Conservation District Katie MacKendrick Long Tom Watershed Council Anne Mary Meyers Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page ii Mark Miller Trout Mountain Forestry Kevin O'Hara U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Nicole Ruggiero Tualatin Hill Soil and Water Conservation District Donna Schmitz Benton Soil and Water Conservation District Steve Smith Retired U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Consultant Adam Stebbins Benton County Natural Areas and Parks Tom Snyder Natural Resources Conservation District (Benton/Linn County) Audrey Squires Middle Fork Willamette Watershed Council Diane Steeck City of Eugene Emily Steel City of Eugene David Stroppel Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Colin Tierney Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Additional Topic Experts (for sub-groups and spatial data): Chris Bentley Benton County (Retired) Alejandro Brambila University of Oregon Environmental Science PhD student Vern Holm Western Invasives Network/Cascade Pacific Conservation and Development Lucas Hunt Western Invasives Network/Cascade Pacific Conservation and Development Alex Rahmlow Oregon Department of Forestry Amanda Rau The Nature Conservancy Cover Photo: Oaks at Bald Hill Farm in Benton County (Greenbelt Land Trust) Special Thanks This strategic planning effort would not have been possible without funding assistance provided by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Focused Investment Partnerships Program, Land Trust Alliance, City of Eugene, and Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture along with a significant donation of time and expertise provided by our Steering Committee and Working Group members. Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page iii Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Strategic Planning Process .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Section 2: Partnership Structure and Roles .................................................................................................................5 2.1 Mission of the Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative .................................................................................. 5 2.2 Guiding Principles for the WVOPC .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Governance Structure of the Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative............................................................ 6 2.3.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2 Memorandum of Understanding ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 Member Roles and Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 Decision Making Structure ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.5 Meetings .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.3.6 Progress Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Section 3: Geographic Scope and Planning Horizon .....................................................................................................9 3.1 Geographic Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Planning Horizon ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Section 4: Profile of Oak and Prairie Habitats in the Willamette Valley ...................................................................... 11 4.1 Geographic Setting ................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Historical Context ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.1 Native American Influences and Cultural Significance ....................................................................................... 11 4.2.2 Historical Vegetation Patterns ........................................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Current Extent .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Biophysical Context ................................................................................................................................................... 13 4.4.1 Ecoregional Context ........................................................................................................................................... 13 4.4.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems and Supported Species .................................................................................................. 16 4.5 Social Context ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 4.5.1 Land Ownership and Uses .................................................................................................................................. 16 4.5.2 Key Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................................ 17 4.6 Planning Context: Related Plans, Studies, and Initiatives ......................................................................................... 17 4.7 Existing Conserved Oak and Prairie Anchor Sites ...................................................................................................... 17 Section 5: Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Vision .................................................................................................. 18 5.1 Consensus 30-Year Vision for Oak and Prairie in the Willamette Valley ................................................................... 18 5.2 Development and Purpose of the 30-Year Conservation Concept Map.................................................................... 19 Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page iv 5.2.1 Purpose and Use of the Map.............................................................................................................................. 19 5.2.2 Development of the 30-Year Conservation Concept .......................................................................................... 19 5.3 Conservation Concept Overview and Map Key ........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bruce Newhouse Is the Owner-Operator of Salix Associates
    Salix Associates 2525 Potter, Eugene, OR 97405 ◦ tele 541.343.2364 Salix Associates salixassociates.com …offers services in ecologically-based natural resources planning, including botanical/biodiversity surveying, wildlife habitat inventory and analysis, restoration and management planning, and related environmental planning tasks and issues. The Salix Associates work philosophy emphasizes honesty, accuracy, creativity, thoroughness and scientific credibility with a strong interest in continuing education and advancing field and office skills. Work should be enjoyable, and I strive to make it so. Bruce Newhouse is the owner-operator of Salix Associates. He is a field ecologist, botanist and environmental planner specializing in ecology, botany, ornithology, lepidoptery and mycology. His work includes habitat inventory, analysis, planning, restoration and management. He has a B.S. from Oregon State University in environmental science, and worked for 10 years as a county and city land use planner specializing in natural resources before becoming a private consultant in 1989. As a consultant, he has contracted with federal, state and local public and private agencies and landowners for rare and invasive plant surveys and mapping, comprehensive and integrated natural resource inventories, restoration and management planning, environmental planning and special natural resource projects such as butterfly host plant analysis. He also is an experienced science field and classroom instructor (University of Oregon, Oregon State University, Portland State University, Lane Community College, et al.) specializing in the identification of sedges, rushes, grasses, and more generally, rare, native and invasive plant species, butterflies and fungi, and is a volunteer ecological advisor to several nonprofit groups and committees in the greater Eugene area.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species Table
    Appendix D Plant Species Table Plant Species Table Listing Status Scientific Name Federal/ Blooming Common Name State/CRPR Habitat and Elevation Period Potential On-Site Occurrence Survey Results Astragalus umbraticus 2B.3 Cismontane woodland, lower montane May-August Unlikely. Few of the habitat components meeting Not Present Bald Mountain Milk-vetch coniferous forest. Dry open oak and the species requirements are present, and/or the pine woodlands; sometimes on majority of habitat on and adjacent to the site is roadsides. 150-1250 m. unsuitable or of very poor quality. Bensoniella oregona SR/1B.1 Bogs and fens, lower montane May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Bensoniella coniferous forest, meadows and seeps. area. Wet meadows and openings in forest. 915-1400 m. Botrypus virginianus 2B.2 Bogs and fens, lower montane June- Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Rattlesnake fern coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, September area. riparian forest. 715-1355 m. Carex arcta 2B.2 Bogs and fens, north coast coniferous June- Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Northern clustered sedge forest. Mesic sites. 60-1400 m. September area. Carex praticola 2B.2 Meadows. Moist to wet meadows. 0- May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Northern meadow sedge 3200m. area. Cornus canadensis 2B.2 North coast coniferous forest, bogs and May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Bunchberry fens, meadows and seeps. 60-1920 m. area. Epilobium oreganum 1B.2 Bogs and fens, lower montane June- Unlikely.
    [Show full text]
  • California Status Factors
    California Status Factors Elcode PDASTEC0A0 Gname EUCEPHALUS VIALIS Gcomname Wayside aster Number of Occurrences A = 1 - 5 Comments One occurrence known in Del Norte County, California. More sites may exist in the Siskiyou Mountains than has been currently reported. Number of Occurrences with Good Viability U = Unknown what number of occurrences with good viability Comments There is no information for the one record. Population Size A = 1-50 individuals Comments There is no information for the one record. Basing an estimate using Oregon data, most populations for this species are less than 50. Range Extent A = <100 km2 (less than about 40 square miles) Comments One occurrence known in Del Norte County, California, assumed to be less than 100 km2. Area of Occupancy A = <0.4 km2 (less than about 100 acres) LA = <4 km (less than about 2.5 miles) Comments Long-term Trend in Population Size, Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy, and/or Number or Condition of Occurrences E = Relatively Stable (±25% change) Comments This plant seems to tolerate slight disturbance, and may prefer open to semi-shade. Plants growing under closed canopy appear less vigorous and robust. In areas that have human disturbance, roadsides, gardens etc., populations appear to expand and will probably be shaded out. Short-term Trend in Population Size, Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy, and/or Number or Condition of Occurrences E = Stable. Population, range, area occupied, and/or number or condition of occurrences unchanged or remaining within ±10% fluctuation Comments This plant seems to tolerate slight disturbance, and may prefer open to semi-shade.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon
    Portland State University PDXScholar Institute for Natural Resources Publications Institute for Natural Resources - Portland 8-2016 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon James S. Kagan Portland State University Sue Vrilakas Portland State University, [email protected] John A. Christy Portland State University Eleanor P. Gaines Portland State University Lindsey Wise Portland State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Oregon Biodiversity Information Center. 2016. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon. Institute for Natural Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. 130 pp. This Book is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for Natural Resources Publications by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors James S. Kagan, Sue Vrilakas, John A. Christy, Eleanor P. Gaines, Lindsey Wise, Cameron Pahl, and Kathy Howell This book is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub/25 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF OREGON OREGON BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION CENTER August 2016 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources Portland State University P.O. Box 751,
    [Show full text]
  • Connecting Wildlife Habitat Across the Landscape
    Connecting Wildlife Habitat across the Landscape “The Long Tom Watershed is the anchor area for Willamette basin terrestrial species in upland prairie, oak savannah, and wet prairie habitats – it should be the geographic focus as we will not be able to recover listed species without it.” - Steve Smith, USFWS, February 2005. Connecting Upland Habitat across Rural Properties • Ecological Focus: wet prairie/upland prairie/savanna/woodland gradient – species composition, habitat values, connectivity • Social Focus: landowner engagement gradient – high-quality, intact and restored habitat to features: individual oaks, prairie patches, and pastures Bird Diversity across Habitat Gradients Habitat Value • >95 native vertebrate species associated w/ Willamette Valley grasslands, although most do not depend on them exclusively (Veseley and Rosenberg 2010) • >714 native plant species of which more than 391 are found principally or exclusively in grassland habitats (Ed Alverson, TNC, unpublished data). • >1100 species of arthropods in upland prairies (Wilson et al. 1998), including 350-400 species of native bees in oak savannas, many specialized to one plant species or genus. Today 80% are likely extirpated or extremely rare (Andy Moldenke, OSU, unpublished data). • Six federally-listed plant and insect species (USFWS 2010). • High cultural value and significance –recreational, aesthetic, spiritual Slide text by Bart Johnson Why Manage/Restore/Preserve? • Biodiversity – wildlife, insects, plants – Pollinator services – Food, fiber, fuel • Fire adapted
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION Sensitive Plant Species
    BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION Sensitive Plant Species Smith River Road Management and Route Designation Project Six Rivers National Forest Smith River National Recreation Area 2013 Prepared by: ____________ Date: John McRae Assistant Forest Botanist 1 I. INTRODUCTION The objectives of this biological evaluation are (a) to determine the effects of the proposed action on any sensitive botanical species and (b) to insure these species receive full consideration in the decision-making process to maintain species viability (FSM 2672.4). II. CURRENT MANAGEMENT DIRECTION Current policy for Sensitive plants as stated in the Land Management and Resource Plan for Six Rivers National Forest includes the following: After completion of the evaluation, proposed actions will be prohibited if they are found likely to jeopardize the continued existence of species or the maintenance of viable populations throughout their existing range (LRMP S&G 6-2). Current policy for Sensitive plants as stated in the Forest Service Manual include the following elements: -Maintain viable populations of all native and desire non-native wildlife, fish, and plant species in habitats distributed throughout their geographic range on National Forest System lands (FSM 2670.22). -Avoid or minimize impacts to species whose viability has been identified as a concern (FSM 2670.32). -If impacts cannot be avoided, analyze the significance of potential adverse effects on the population or its habitat within the area of concern and on the species as a whole (FSM 2670.32) III. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIONS The preferred alternative, Alternative 6, of the Smith River Road Management and Route Designation Project (SRRMRD) on Six Rivers National Forest proposes to: Add 27 inventoried unauthorized routes (UARs) as roads totaling 12 miles to the NFTS.
    [Show full text]
  • Update of the Regional Forester's Special Status Species List
    United States Forest Pacific 333 SW First Avenue (97204) Department of Service Northwest PO Box 3623 Agriculture Region Portland, OR 97208-3623 503-808-2468 File Code: 2670 Date: December 9, 2011 Route To: (1930) Subject: Update of the Regional Forester's Special Status Species List To: Forest Supervisors This letter officially updates the Regional Forester’s Special Status Species (RFSSS) list, which includes federally listed, federally proposed, sensitive, and strategic species (Enclosure 1). Collectively, these species are referred to as “Special Status Species.” The updated lists reflect comments received from Forest Supervisors in response to the April 27, 2010, (2670/1950) letter requesting review of the draft list. “Strategic” species were included in the last update of the RFSSS list in January 2008. Strategic Species are not considered “sensitive” under Forest Service Manual (FSM) 2670 and do not need to be addressed in Biological Evaluations. Many strategic species are poorly known (i.e., distribution, habitat, threats, or taxonomy), so conservation status is unclear. Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP) staff in the Regional Office (RO) will coordinate with field units to compile information to improve understanding and clarify status. To this end, management direction for strategic species requires field units to record survey and location information in the agency’s corporate Natural Resource Information System (NRIS) databases (NRIS TES Plants for vascular plants, non-vascular plants and fungi; NRIS Wildlife for vertebrates and invertebrates; and NRIS Aquatic Surveys for aquatic invertebrates and fish). The criteria for determining sensitive or strategic status for a species are attached (Enclosure 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Other Special Status Species for Oregon LNG Project.Docx
    APPENDIX H OTHER SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES FOR OREGON LNG PROJECT Table H-1 Other Special Status Species for Oregon LNG Project Species a Status b Habitat Impacts Mitigation Plants Bradshaw’s desert F-E Range extends from western Washington south through the If present in the right-of-way, these plants would Following construction, the construction parsley OR-E Willamette Valley. Historically found in lowland Deschampsia be disturbed and potentially lost to vegetation right-of-way would be reseeded with a Lomatium bradshawii OCS cespitosa prairies with heavy clay soils; especially Bashaw soils. clearing and ground disturbing activities. native seed mix developed in consultation WA-E Also in wetland depressions, grassy swales, and along seasonally However, most of the pipeline would be routed with state resource agencies. Oregon wet waterways and flooded prairie lowlands. Unlikely to occur in through previously disturbed industrial forest or LNG would segregate top soil to preserve project area. agricultural areas that likely preclude these plant seed bank according to its Plan and Associated plant species include Deschampsia caespitosa, Juncus species. Procedures. tenuis, Carex stipata, Carex uniLateralis, Poa pratensis, Hordeum A botanist would be available during brachyantherum, Perideridia sp., Juncus sp. construction activities involving vegetation Wayside aster OR-T Many of the 100 known populations occur in disturbed areas removal and soil disturbance to ensure no rare plants are lost. Eucephalus vialis OCS (ODFW, 2006). Found in second growth and old-growth Douglas fir forests, mixed coniferous/hardwood forest openings, along shaded roadsides, in residential areas, and on prairie balds. White rock larkspur OR-E Only 17 known occurrences in Oregon (OSU, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Glide Wildflower Show Locates the Flowers Recent Generic Changes in the Asteraceae: What's in Store for the Oregon Flora Proje
    VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1 OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY 2009 Glide Wildflower Show Locates the Flowers Recent generic changes in the Asteraceae: by Nacy Tague and Dianne Muscarello what’s in store for the Oregon Flora Project? by Kenton L. Chambers "Where does this flower grow?" The botanists at the annual Glide Wildflower Show hear this question many Part I: Tribes Astereae, Cichorieae, Heliantheae, times every year. Visitors fall in love with the striking Senecioneae beauty of the region's abundant wildflowers and dream Editor’s Note: In the large sunflower family, Asteraceae, of finding them on a local hike or in their own backyard. the strongest evidence supporting the new taxonomy is often The Glide Wildflower Show has found a graphic way of derived from cladistic analysis of data from DNA-based answering this question, thanks to the Oregon Flora Project. molecular research. We thank Dr. Chambers for synthesizing The seed for the idea was planted in 2006. That year a this latest information here for our Newsletter readers. local presenter used Oregon Flora Project Plant Atlas maps The role of the Oregon Flora Project Checklist is to to indicate wildflower locations. A couple of Glide Show present an accepted name and synonyms for each plant volunteers attending the talk observed, "Wouldn't it be cool in the state, based on our current understanding of the if maps like these could be displayed with the plants in our relationships among taxa. This knowledge is derived from show?" experimental science, as well as from the traditional use of The show's Council liked the idea, and the two volunteers field studies and herbarium collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey and Management Recommendation for Fuel Hazard
    Attachment 1 Survey and Manage Management Recommendation Amendments For Fuel Hazard Reduction Treatments Around At-Risk Communities Group 1 – Certain Fungi, Lichens, Bryophytes, Vascular Plants Fungi: Cantharellus subalbidis, Clavaridelphus occidentalis, Clavariadelphus sachalinensis, Gomphus bonarii, Gomphus clavatus, Gomphus kauffmanii, Helvella crassitunicata, Mycena overholtsii, Otidea leporina, Ramaria rubripermanens, Sowerbyella rhenana, Spathularia flavida, Tremiscus helvelloides Lichens: Bryoria tortuosa, Dendriscocaulon intricatulum, Peltigera pacifica, Ramalina thrausta, Usnea longissima Bryophytes: Ptilidium californicum, Schistostega pennata, Tetraphis geniculata Vascular Plants: Cypripedium fasciculatum, Eucephalus vialis, Botrychium montanum July 2002 MR Amendments for Fuel Hazard Reduction Treatments Around At-Risk Communities Table of Contents Introduction Limited Application.............................................................................................3 Amendments ........................................................................................................4 Additional Management Flexibility Intended......................................................4 Species Addressed................................................................................................4 Glossary ...............................................................................................................5 Recording sites in ISMS ......................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA Monday, January 8, 2018
    PARKS ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGENDA Monday, January 8, 2018 5:30 pm Dinner (Committee/Staff) – Breakroom Customer Service Center 6:00pm Public Meeting Session - Goodpasture Rm. 3050 N. Delta Hwy., Eugene, OR 97408 PAC Meeting I. Public Comment – (up to 10 min.) II. Agenda Additions/Changes/Modifications – All (3 min.) III. Assignment Review – All (5 min.) IV. Nominations/Elections – All (15 min.) V. Review of Meeting Summary – All (2 min.) 1) December 11, 2017 meeting summary VI. Staff Updates/Reports – Various (20 min.) 1) Parks Division Manager Process 2) Parks Master Plan Update 3) Harbor Vista Project Update 4) HBRA Habitat Management Plan Update VII. Old Business: 1) Parks Funding Options Discussion VIII. New Business: 1) Goals and Accomplishments IX. Open – All (5 min.) 1) X. Operations Report – (10 min.) XI. Meeting wrap-up/assignments — (5 min.) XII. Adjourn 2018 Meeting Dates: JANUARY 8 MAY 14 SEPTEMBER 10 FEBRUARY 12 JUNE 11 OCTOBER 8 MARCH 12 JULY 9 NOVEMBER 12 APRIL 9 AUGUST 13 DECEMBER 10 Lane County Parks Advisory December 11, 2017 Meeting Summary This written indexed summary of minutes is provided as a courtesy to the reader. The recorded minutes created pursuant to ORS 192.650(1) are the official minutes of this body under Oregon law. The recorded minutes are available on the Parks Advisory Committee website: http://www.lanecounty.org/Departments/PW/Parks/Pages/pac.aspx Members Present: Mary Brorby, Carl Stiefbold, Wayne Lemler, Pat Bradshaw, Jim Mayo, Greg Hyde, Kevin Shanley Members Absent: None Staff Present: Petra Schuetz, Tim Elsea, Charlie Conrad, Todd Bowen Guests Present: None Chair Lemler called the meeting to order at 6:02 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, som e thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may b e from any type of computer printer. Tfie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or irxJistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI NOTE TO USERS This reproduction Is the best copy available. UMI Systematic and Biogeographic Study of a Plant Species Complex; Aster Section Bucephalus by Elizabeth Anne Zamluk BSc., University of British Columbia, 1983 M Sc, Dalhousie University, 1992 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department o f Biology We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr.
    [Show full text]