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F a C T S H E E T Blackberries
JEFFERSON COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD F A C T S H E E T BLACKBERRIES Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) and evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) Himalayan blackberry stems (canes) can grow to 9 feet in height but often trail along the ground, growing 20-40 feet long. Thorns grow along the stems as well as on the leaves and leaf stalks. Himalayan blackberries have five distinct leaflets; each leaflet has a toothed margin and is generally oval in shape. Canes start producing berries in their second year. Himalayan blackberry can be evergreen, depending on the site. Rose family. Himalayan blackberry Himalayan blackberry Evergreen blackberry The leaflets of evergreen blackberry are deeply lobed, making it easy to distinguish from WHY BE CONCERNED? Himalayan blackberry. Both Himalayan and evergreen DISTRIBUTION: blackberries form impenetrable Himalayan blackberry is extremely visible in thickets, consisting of both dead and most of Jefferson County, growing along live canes. These thickets out-compete roadsides, over fences and other vegetation, and native vegetation and are a good invading many open areas. Evergreen source of food and shelter for rats. blackberry is more common in the West end of the county, where it has been seen to invade Both Himalayan and evergreen riparian areas. blackberries are Class C Weeds 380 Jefferson Street, Port Townsend WA 98368 (360) 379-5610 Ext. 205 [email protected] http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeedBoard ECOLOGY: . Seeds can be spread by birds, humans and other mammals. The canes often cascade outwards, forming mounds, and can root at the tip when they hit the ground, expanding the infestation . -
Adlumia Fungosa (Aiton) Greene Ex Britton
Adlumia fungosa (Aiton) Greene ex Britton Common Names: Allegheny vine, Climbing Fumitory, Mountain-fringe (1, 3) Etymology: Adlumia for John Adlum, amateur botanist of the late 18th century and early 19th century; fungosa: from the Greek ‘fung’, meaning spongy or mushroom-like (5, 7). Botanical synonyms: Fumaria fungosa (Aiton), Bicuculla fungosa (Aiton) Kuntze, Adlumia cirrhosa (Raf.), Fumaria recta (Michx.), Bicuculla fungosa (Aiton), Bicuculla fumarioides (Borkh.), Corydalis fungosa (Aiton) (3, 11, 14). FAMILY: Papaveraceae (the poppy family) Quick Notable Features: ¬ Spongy, tube-like flowers, each individual flower lasting all summer ¬ Prehensile, climbing leaves ¬ Short, often un-noticeable petiole Plant Height: A. fungosa can climb to 4m, but averages 3m (4, 8). Subspecies/varieties: none found (3) Most Likely Confused with: Rosa setigera and Rubus laciniatus, as well as other Fumarioideae species, some trifoliate Fabaceae (most notably Amphicarpaea bracteata and Lespedeza procumbens), and Ranunculaceae climbers like Clematis virginiana and C. occidentalis. Habitat Preference: A. fungosa prefers full sun, although it can tolerate shade. It is often found in moist or freshly burned woods, as well on rocky slopes and slightly acidic soils. It prefers sites protected from wind (8, 12). It was reported in 1999 in Great Smoky Mountains National Park growing on Betula lenta along streams at 2670m elevation (21). Geographic Distribution in Michigan: Allegheny-vine is found sporadically in Michigan 1 (in a geographic sense; habitat analysis may provide some explanation as to why). It is found in the following counties: Berrien, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Delta, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ishpeming, Kent, Luce, Mackinack, Menominee, Muskegon, Ottawa, Presque Isle, St. Clair, Van Buren, Washtenaw, and Wayne (2). -
Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan
Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan March 2020 Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page i Acknowledgements Steering Committee: Clinton Begley Long Tom Watershed Council Sara Evans-Peters Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture Claire Fiegener Greenbelt Land Trust Tom Kaye Institute for Applied Ecology Nicole Maness Willamette Partnership Shelly Miller City of Eugene Will Neuhauser Yamhill Partners for Land and Water Michael Pope Greenbelt Land Trust Lawrence Schwabe Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Bruce Taylor Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture Stan van de Wetering Confederated Tribes Siletz Kelly Warren Ducks Unlimited INC Contractors: Jeff Krueger JK Environments Carolyn Menke Institute for Applied Ecology Working Group: Bob Altman American Bird Conservancy Ed Alverson Lane County Parks Marc Bell Polk Soil and Water Conservation District Andrea Berkley Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Matt Blakeley-Smith Greenbelt Land Trust Jason Blazar Friends of Buford Park & Mt. Pisgah Lynda Boyer Heritage Seedlings Joe Buttafuoco The Nature Conservancy Mikki Collins U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sarah Deumling Zena Forest Daniel Dietz McKenzie River Trust Sarah Dyrdhal Middle Fork Willamette Watershed Council Matt Gibbons The Nature Conservancy Lauren Grand Oregon State University Extension Service Jarod Jebousek U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Bart Johnson University of Oregon Pat Johnston U.S Bureau of Land Management Molly Juillerat U.S. National Forest Service (MFWRD) Cameron King U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service John Klock U.S Bureau of Land Management Ann Kreager Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Amie Loop-Frison Yamhill Soil and Water Conservation District Katie MacKendrick Long Tom Watershed Council Anne Mary Meyers Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Willamette Valley Oak and Prairie Cooperative Strategic Action Plan, March 2020 Page ii Mark Miller Trout Mountain Forestry Kevin O'Hara U.S. -
Oregon City Nuisance Plant List
Nuisance Plant List City of Oregon City 320 Warner Milne Road , P.O. Box 3040, Oregon City, OR 97045 Phone: (503) 657-0891, Fax: (503) 657-7892 Scientific Name Common Name Acer platanoides Norway Maple Acroptilon repens Russian knapweed Aegopodium podagraria and variegated varieties Goutweed Agropyron repens Quack grass Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven Alliaria officinalis Garlic Mustard Alopecuris pratensis Meadow foxtail Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernalgrass Arctium minus Common burdock Arrhenatherum elatius Tall oatgrass Bambusa sp. Bamboo Betula pendula lacinata Cutleaf birch Brachypodium sylvaticum False brome Bromus diandrus Ripgut Bromus hordeaceus Soft brome Bromus inermis Smooth brome-grasses Bromus japonicus Japanese brome-grass Bromus sterilis Poverty grass Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass Buddleia davidii (except cultivars and varieties) Butterfly bush Callitriche stagnalis Pond water starwort Cardaria draba Hoary cress Carduus acanthoides Plumeless thistle Carduus nutans Musk thistle Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle Carduus tenufolius Slender flowered thistle Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed Centaurea diffusa Diffuse knapweed Centaurea jacea Brown knapweed Centaurea pratensis Meadow knapweed Chelidonium majou Lesser Celandine Chicorum intybus Chicory Chondrilla juncea Rush skeletonweed Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle Cirsium vulgare Common Thistle Clematis ligusticifolia Western Clematis Clematis vitalba Traveler’s Joy Conium maculatum Poison-hemlock Convolvulus arvensis Field Morning-glory 1 Nuisance Plant List -
Rubus Laciniatus Willd. (Rosaceae), an Introduced Species New in the Flora of Serbia and the Balkans
42 (2): (2018) 255-258 Short Communication Rubus laciniatus Willd. (Rosaceae), an introduced species new in the flora of Serbia and the Balkans Zoran Krivošej1✳, Danijela Prodanović2, Nusret Preljević3 and Bojana Veljković3 1 University of Priština, Faculty of Natural Science, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 2 University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture Lešak, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, Serbia 3 State University of Novi Pazar, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia ABSTRACT: Rubus laciniatus has been found as a species new for the flora of Serbia during floristic investigation in the Ibar river valley. It was found on serpentine terrains near the town of Raška (SW Serbia). This is the single known locality of the given species on the Balkan Peninsula. Data on morphology, distribution, and habitat preferences of the species are provided, and the possible pathways of its introduction in Serbia are assessed. Keywords: Rubus laciniatus, blackberry, new record, Ibar river valley Received: 20 March 2018 Revision accepted: 11 July 2018 UDC: 634.71:581.95(497.11) (292.464) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1468362 One of the largest of plant genera, Rubus L. (Rosaceae) be in Southwest China (Lu 1983), since it is geologically has worldwide distribution and is variously classified archaic and was not seriously covered by glaciers dur- into 12 or 15 subgenera (Jennings 1988). According to ing the Quaternary (Gu et al. 1993). In Europe, the ge- The Plant List (2013), 1568 species are accepted on the nus Rubus has its centre of diversity in the Atlantic and global level and there are also 5162 unresolved names. -
Blackberry (Rubus Armeniacus/Discolor/Procerus)
Best Practices for Invasive Species Management in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems: Evergreen Blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) and Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus/discolor/procerus) Assess the site characteristics and your available resources to help you decide where to take management action, what action to take, and when. These decisions should be made within the context of the overall restoration objectives (and restoration plan, if one exists). Before proceeding, be aware that it is very important to not confuse Evergreen blackberry (R. laciniatis) with the native Rubus ursinus. Evergreen blackberry is often found in association with Himalayan blackberry. If Evergreen blackberry is found alone and you are uncertain you have identified it correctly, leave it alone. Also leave it alone if it is in trailing form (rather than upright); you may damage understory vegetation by trying to remove it. a) Deciding where to take action Factor 1: Blackberry density Survey the areas in the GOE where blackberry occurs. Sketch-out and label these areas “zone 1”, “zone 2” or “zone 3” on your sketch map. Use the following descriptions: Zone 1 satellite patches (from a few canes, to a 5 foot by 5 foot patch) Zone 2 edges around larger patches Zone 3 larger patches (larger than 5’ by 5’) Where to focus your effort? Follow the Priority Principle: contain the invasive species first, then reduce its amount! The highest priority is to prevent further spread of blackberry. Only take action to reduce the “footprint” of the blackberry invasion after it is contained. Therefore Zones 1 and 2 should be your first priority, and you should only move into Zones 3 areas when blackberry has been successfully removed from Zones 1 and 2. -
Bruce Newhouse Is the Owner-Operator of Salix Associates
Salix Associates 2525 Potter, Eugene, OR 97405 ◦ tele 541.343.2364 Salix Associates salixassociates.com …offers services in ecologically-based natural resources planning, including botanical/biodiversity surveying, wildlife habitat inventory and analysis, restoration and management planning, and related environmental planning tasks and issues. The Salix Associates work philosophy emphasizes honesty, accuracy, creativity, thoroughness and scientific credibility with a strong interest in continuing education and advancing field and office skills. Work should be enjoyable, and I strive to make it so. Bruce Newhouse is the owner-operator of Salix Associates. He is a field ecologist, botanist and environmental planner specializing in ecology, botany, ornithology, lepidoptery and mycology. His work includes habitat inventory, analysis, planning, restoration and management. He has a B.S. from Oregon State University in environmental science, and worked for 10 years as a county and city land use planner specializing in natural resources before becoming a private consultant in 1989. As a consultant, he has contracted with federal, state and local public and private agencies and landowners for rare and invasive plant surveys and mapping, comprehensive and integrated natural resource inventories, restoration and management planning, environmental planning and special natural resource projects such as butterfly host plant analysis. He also is an experienced science field and classroom instructor (University of Oregon, Oregon State University, Portland State University, Lane Community College, et al.) specializing in the identification of sedges, rushes, grasses, and more generally, rare, native and invasive plant species, butterflies and fungi, and is a volunteer ecological advisor to several nonprofit groups and committees in the greater Eugene area. -
Plant Species Table
Appendix D Plant Species Table Plant Species Table Listing Status Scientific Name Federal/ Blooming Common Name State/CRPR Habitat and Elevation Period Potential On-Site Occurrence Survey Results Astragalus umbraticus 2B.3 Cismontane woodland, lower montane May-August Unlikely. Few of the habitat components meeting Not Present Bald Mountain Milk-vetch coniferous forest. Dry open oak and the species requirements are present, and/or the pine woodlands; sometimes on majority of habitat on and adjacent to the site is roadsides. 150-1250 m. unsuitable or of very poor quality. Bensoniella oregona SR/1B.1 Bogs and fens, lower montane May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Bensoniella coniferous forest, meadows and seeps. area. Wet meadows and openings in forest. 915-1400 m. Botrypus virginianus 2B.2 Bogs and fens, lower montane June- Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Rattlesnake fern coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, September area. riparian forest. 715-1355 m. Carex arcta 2B.2 Bogs and fens, north coast coniferous June- Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Northern clustered sedge forest. Mesic sites. 60-1400 m. September area. Carex praticola 2B.2 Meadows. Moist to wet meadows. 0- May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Northern meadow sedge 3200m. area. Cornus canadensis 2B.2 North coast coniferous forest, bogs and May-July Absent. Suitable habitat is not present in the study Not Present Bunchberry fens, meadows and seeps. 60-1920 m. area. Epilobium oreganum 1B.2 Bogs and fens, lower montane June- Unlikely. -
California Status Factors
California Status Factors Elcode PDASTEC0A0 Gname EUCEPHALUS VIALIS Gcomname Wayside aster Number of Occurrences A = 1 - 5 Comments One occurrence known in Del Norte County, California. More sites may exist in the Siskiyou Mountains than has been currently reported. Number of Occurrences with Good Viability U = Unknown what number of occurrences with good viability Comments There is no information for the one record. Population Size A = 1-50 individuals Comments There is no information for the one record. Basing an estimate using Oregon data, most populations for this species are less than 50. Range Extent A = <100 km2 (less than about 40 square miles) Comments One occurrence known in Del Norte County, California, assumed to be less than 100 km2. Area of Occupancy A = <0.4 km2 (less than about 100 acres) LA = <4 km (less than about 2.5 miles) Comments Long-term Trend in Population Size, Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy, and/or Number or Condition of Occurrences E = Relatively Stable (±25% change) Comments This plant seems to tolerate slight disturbance, and may prefer open to semi-shade. Plants growing under closed canopy appear less vigorous and robust. In areas that have human disturbance, roadsides, gardens etc., populations appear to expand and will probably be shaded out. Short-term Trend in Population Size, Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy, and/or Number or Condition of Occurrences E = Stable. Population, range, area occupied, and/or number or condition of occurrences unchanged or remaining within ±10% fluctuation Comments This plant seems to tolerate slight disturbance, and may prefer open to semi-shade. -
Wild Blackberries
WILD BLACKBERRIES Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Of the eleven species of Rubus in Cali- fornia, four were introduced primarily from Eurasia. Most species of wild blackberry, also called brambles, pro- vide important sources of food and cover for many birds and mammals. Four species, however, are considered weeds. Two of these are non-natives, cutleaf blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) (Fig. 1) and Himalaya blackberry (Ru- bus discolor [=R. procerus]) (Fig. 2). In addition, two native species can also be weeds under certain conditions. For example, thimbleberry (Rubus parvi- florus) (Fig. 3) competes with conifers during establishment in reforested areas, and California blackberry (Rubus Figure 1. Cutleaf blackberry. Figure 2. Himalaya blackberry. ursinus [=R. vitifolius]) (Fig. 4) can in- fest areas adjacent to streams and ditches. Of these weedy species, the most common, vigorous, and trouble- some is Himalaya blackberry. IDENTIFICATION Of the four weedy wild blackberries, thimbleberry is the only nonvining species. It also lacks prickly stems and has a simple leaf (no leaflets). Both Himalaya and cutleaf blackberry have five-angled stems, but Himalaya black- berry can easily be distinguished from the other wild blackberries by its five distinct leaflets, each leaflet toothed and generally oval in shape. By com- parison, cutleaf blackberry has five very deeply lobed leaflets and Califor- Figure 3. Thimbleberry. Figure 4. California blackberry. nia blackberry has only three leaflets. Not all wild blackberry leaves are de- ciduous—many remain evergreen. This 1 inch across with five white or pink germinate in fall and spring. Repro- is an important feature for chemical petals. -
1 Forest Parkland Restoration Planning
FOREST PARKLAND RESTORATION PLANNING RELATED TO BREEDING BIRDS IN SEATTLE, WA September 2014 By Jen Syrowitz, M.Env., Audubon Washington With contributions from the following people: Lisa Ciecko, City of Seattle Barbara DeCaro, City of Seattle Jon Jainga, City of Seattle Mark Mead, City of Seattle Jillian Weed, City of Seattle Michael Yadrick, City of Seattle Trina Bayard, Ph.D., Audubon Washington Gail Gatton, Audubon Washington Joey Manson, Audubon Washington Woody Wheeler, Conservation Catalyst Suggested citation: Syrowitz, J. 2014. Forest parkland restoration planning related to breeding birds in Seattle, WA. Prepared for City of Seattle Parks and Recreation. Audubon Washington. Seattle, WA. 55pp. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 7 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 7 Status of Breeding Birds in Seattle..................................................................................... -
Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration
Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Horticulture University of Washington 2013 Committee: Linda Chalker-Scott Kern Ewing Sarah Reichard Joshua Chenoweth Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin Master of Environmental Horticulture candidate School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington, Seattle September 3, 2013 Contents Figures ................................................................................................................................................................. ii Tables ................................................................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Bromus tectorum L. (BROTEC) ..................................................................................................................... 19 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (CIRARV)