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Study Report Eurasian Corridors-Final.Pdf COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF EURASIAN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS TO STRENGTHEN THE INTRA- AND INTER-REGIONAL TRANSPORT CONNECTIVITY STUDY REPORT 2017 The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as the United Nations’ regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmental platform with 53 member States and 9 associate members, ESCAP has emerged as a strong regional think-tank offering countries sound analytical products that shed insight into the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region. The Commission’s strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation and integration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration. ESCAP’s research and analysis coupled with its policy advisory services, capacity building and technical assistance to governments aims to support countries’ sustainable and inclusive development ambitions. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the authors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication is issued without formal editing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The present publication was prepared by Transport Division, ESCAP. The study was led by Mr. Yuwei Li, Director, and Ms. Virginia Tanase, Transport Facilitation and Logistics Section Chief. It was managed by Mr. Edouard Chong, Economic Affairs Officer, Transport Division, with substantive research work performed by the following experts: Ms. Varvara Krechetova, expert consultant; Mr. René Meeuws, STC-NESTRA Netherlands; and Mr. Kong Zhe, Transport Planning and Research Institute. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Government of China for the generous funding of this study. CONTENTS Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Units ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Background ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 I. Corridors: Current Status, Reported Issues and Technical Limitations ........................................................................... 7 I.1 Eurasian Northern Corridor ........................................................................................................................................... 7 I.1.1 Alignments ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 I.1.2 Existing and Potential Economic Poles and Clusters along the Eurasian Northern Corridor ................................... 10 I.1.3 Rail Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 I.1.4 Road Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................................... 14 I.1.5 Terminals and Dry Ports ........................................................................................................................................... 16 I.1.6 Indicated Issues at Border Crossings ........................................................................................................................ 19 I.1.7 Throughput and Cargo Structure of Seaports, Main Shipping Directions ................................................................ 22 I.1.8 Summary of infrastructure-related Impediments to Traffic along the Eurasian Northern Corridor ......................... 23 I.2 Eurasian Central Corridor............................................................................................................................................ 24 I.2.1 Alignments ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 I.2.2 Existing and Potential Economic Poles/Clusters along the Eurasian Central Corridor ............................................ 30 I.2.3 Rail Transport Issues ................................................................................................................................................ 30 I.2.4 Road Transport Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 35 I.2.5 Terminals and Dry Ports ........................................................................................................................................... 39 I.2.6 indicated issues at Border Crossings ........................................................................................................................ 46 I.2.7 Throughput and Cargo Structure of Seaports, Main Shipping Directions ................................................................ 50 I.2.8 Summary of Infrastructure-Related Impediments to Traffic along the Eurasian Central Corridor .......................... 53 I.3 Eurasian Southern Corridor ......................................................................................................................................... 54 I.3.1 Alignment ................................................................................................................................................................. 54 I.3.2 Existing/Potential Economic Poles/Clusters along the Eurasian Southern Corridor ................................................ 58 I.3.3 Rail Transport Issues ................................................................................................................................................ 58 I.3.4 Road Transport Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 63 I.3.5 Terminals and Dry Ports ........................................................................................................................................... 67 I.3.6 Indicated Issues at Border Crossings ........................................................................................................................ 73 I.3.7 Throughput and Cargo Structure of Seaports, Main Shipping Directions ................................................................ 76 I.3.8 Summary of Infrastructure-Related Impediments to Traffic along the Eurasian Southern Corridor ........................ 77 II. Financial Options and Priorities ................................................................................................................................... 79 II.1 Competitiveness of the Eurasian Corridors in Comparison with the Asia – Europe Sea Route ................................ 79 II.2 Costs of Making the Eurasian Corridors Operable, Investment Priorities ................................................................. 82 II.2.1 Basics of Cost Analysis and Benefits of its Application to Transport Corridors .................................................... 82 II.2.3 Costs of Making Eurasian Corridors Operable and Investment Priorities .............................................................. 84 II.3 Infrastructure Financing and Respective Mechanisms within the ESCAP Region .................................................... 93 II.3.1 Financing Transport Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 93 II.3.2 Infrastructure Project Bankability ........................................................................................................................... 96 II.3.3 Finance Mechanisms in the ESCAP Region ........................................................................................................... 99 III. Assessment of Operational Gaps .............................................................................................................................. 104 III.1 Coverage by International Conventions .................................................................................................................. 104 III.2 Coverage of Regional Transport Facilitation Agreements .....................................................................................
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