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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING OPERATION MODELING FOR TENDAHO RESERVOIR USING HEC-ResSim Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Civil Engineering By Biruk Asrat Woldeyohanis December 2010 I ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING OPERATION MODELING FOR TENDAHO RESERVOIR USING HEC-ResSim Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Civil Engineering By Biruk Asrat Woldeyohanis December 2010 Approved by board of examiners Dr. Yilma Seleshi _________________ ___________________ Advisor Signature Date Dr. Dereje Hailu _________________ ___________________ External examiner Signature Date Dr. Yonas Michael _________________ ___________________ Internal examiner Signature Date Ato Zerihun Alemayehu _________________ ___________________ Chairman Signature Date II CERTIFICATION I, the undersigned, certify that I read and here by recommend for acceptance by Addis Ababa University a dissertation entitled "OPERATION MODELING FOR TENDAHO RESERVOIR USING HEC-ResSim” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering. ____________________________ Yilma Seleshi (PhD) Supervisor ____________________________ Date I DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Biruk Asrat Woldeyohanis, declare that this is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for similar or any degree award. ___________________________ Signature This dissertation is a copyright material protected under the Berne Convention, the Copyright Act, 1999 and other international and national enactments, in that behalf, on the intellectual property. It may not be produced by any means in full or in part, except for short extracts in fair dealing, for research or private study, Critical scholarly review or disclosure with an acknowledgement, without written permission of the School of Graduate Studies, on the behalf of both the author and the Addis Ababa University. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all, I want to thank God for through Him I had my well being and passed every hurdle in my study time and in my life at all. I would like to express my deepest gratitude and grateful acknowledgement to my supervisor Dr. Yilma Seleshi for providing me the original concept of this research and his constant guidance, constructive criticism with encouragement throughout the study period. I am thankful to Ministry of Water Resources Hydrology department staff and GIS and Remote Sensing staff, Meteorological Service Staff who have been very helpful and cooperative especially with regard to various data acquiring during the work. I would also like to extend my thanks to Library and Documentation Services section staffs of Ministry of Water Resources. I am also very grateful to Oromiya Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise for providing me the chance to pursue my postgraduate study. I am very grateful to my beloved wife Tsige Wolde Wuzie and my son Adonias for their patience and encouragement while I took much of my time to work on this study. A am also thankful to my friends and intimate course mates: Dereje Getachew, Million Tamiru, Fetene Befekadu and Daniel Assefa whose unfailing support was an important factor, particularly during times of pressure and fatigue. III ABSTRACT In this study it has been intended to develop operation modeling for Tendaho reservoir using HEC-ResSim software. The input data considered for the model are daily inflow, monthly irrigation and environmental diversion flow requirements, monthly reservoir surface evaporation and Tendaho dam and reservoir physical data. The reservoir operation modeling has been done for two inflow source options. These are upstream and Tendaho station inflow source options. In the upstream inflow source option the ten years (1992-2001) daily flow records of Awash River at Adaitu and Mille River at Mille Bridge have been routed to the reservoir. Moreover, for the ungauged catchments downstream of the hydrological gauging stations considered, daily flows were generated using SCS-CN method. However, in the Tendaho gauging station inflow source option, the ten years daily flows of Tendaho gauging station has been used as source of inflow to the reservoir. The SCS-CN method was calibrated for the ungauged catchments using five years (1992-1996) flow data transferred from the Logiya catchment and areal rainfalls computed from Adaitu, Mille, Bati and Dubti stations. The method was then validated using another five years (1997- 2001) data. The parameter considered was the CN. For the two inflow source options considered, operation modeling has been made for three spillway gate setting alternatives: Low level (1m), Average level (4m) and Maximum level (6.9m) gate openings. Incase of the upstream inflow option the maximum reservoir releases are 282.35m3/s, 937.98m3/s and 1015.40m3/s for low level, average level and maximum level gate settings respectively. Incase of Tendaho inflow the maximum reservoir releases are 259.82m3/s, 267.73m3/s and 349.11m3/s for low level, average level and maximum level gate settings respectively. The irrigation outlet releases are similar for the three gate setting alternatives in both inflow options. The wet season reservoir operation rule curves have been developed for the minimum gate opening alternative of both the inflow options. Following the ten years wet season pool level curves, three Operation Guide Curves have been developed. These are Upper Bound Guide Curve, Lower Bound Guide Curve and Average Guide Curve. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... I DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ...................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... VIII LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. XII 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. General.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the study ......................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Description of the study area ................................................................................................ 3 1.4.1. Location and accessibility .............................................................................................. 3 1.4.2. Physiography and Geology ............................................................................................ 5 1.4.3. Climate ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.4. Surface water resources and river configuration ............................................................ 7 1.4.5. Irrigation developments in the Awash River basin ........................................................ 9 1.4.6. Tendaho Dam and Reservoir ........................................................................................ 10 1.5. Outline of the study ............................................................................................................ 12 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Hydrometrology.................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.1. Rainfall ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Stream flow .................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.3. Evaporation .................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.4. Flow generation ............................................................................................................ 19 2.2. Flood routing ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.3. Reservoir operation models ................................................................................................ 25 2.3.1. Optimization techniques ..............................................................................................
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