DOCSLIB.ORG

MERS-Cov) AMONG DROMEDARY CAMELS in SELECTED AREAS of AFAR and OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MERS-Cov) AMONG DROMEDARY CAMELS in SELECTED AREAS of AFAR and OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS (MERS-CoV) AMONG DROMEDARY CAMELS IN SELECTED AREAS OF AFAR AND OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA MSc Thesis By: Getnet Fekadu Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Clinical Studies June, 2015 Bishoftu, Ethiopia EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS (MERS-CoV) AMONG DROMEDARY CAMELS IN SELECTED AREAS OF AFAR AND OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA A Thesis Submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Tropical Veterinary Epidemiology By: Getnet Fekadu June, 2015 Bishoftu, Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture Department of Clinical Studies As members of the examining board of the final MSc open defense, we certify that we have read and evaluated the thesis prepared by Getnet Fekadu Demissie entitled: Epidemiological Investigation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) Among Dromedary Camels in Selected Areas of Afar and Oromia Region, Ethiopia and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirement for the degree of: Masters of Science in Tropical Veterinary Epidemiology. Dr. Tilaye Demissie (Assistant Professor) ___________ _________ Chairman Signature Date Dr. Bekelle Megersa (Associate Professor) ______________ ________ External Examiner Signature Date Dr. Reta Duguma (Associate Professor) _____________ ________ Internal Examiner Signature Date 1. Dr. Fufa Abunna (DVM, MSc, Associate Professor) _____________ ________ Major Advisor Signature Date 2. Dr. Gelagay Ayelet (DVM, MSc, PhD) ______________ ________ Co-Advisor Signature Date Dr. Fufa Abunna (DVM, MSc, Associate Professor) ______________ ________ Department Chairperson Signature Date SIGNED STATEMENT OF DECLARATION First, I affirm that this thesis is my original work and that all sources of material used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced MSc degree at Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture and is deposited at the University/College library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I solemnly declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree, diploma, or certificate. Name: Getnet Fekadu Signature: ______________ College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu Date of Submission ____________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to praise the Almighty God for all things happened in my life and the things going to happen. My dearest gratitude goes to my Academic advisors Dr. Fufa Abunna and Dr. Gelagay Ayelet for their valuable comments and correction of this paper. Special thanks go to CIRAD for financing of this MERS project and the University of Hong Kong for analysis of the Sera and swab samples collected for this study. I would like to thanks Debebe Shimekit, Mukemil Redi, Samson Tesfaye, Fekadu Demissie, Dawit Fekadu, Mehiret T/Michael, and Rediet Alemayehu for helping me from the beginning to the end of this study. I would like to extend my gratitude also to Dr. Shiferraw Jembere, Mesfin Tadesse, Getahun Demissie, Getachew Nedi, Hawa Mohammed, Abinet Legese, Wubet W/Medhin, Dr. Teferi Degefa, Tezazu Feleke and Bogale Gosaye. Finally I like to thank veterinarian in Afar (Dr. Said Yemer, Yemer, Mekonen, Ali, Hussein, Jemal and Tesfaye) and in Borena (Mekonen and Huqa). i TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. LITRATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Definition of MERS ................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Etiology .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.1 Taxonomy and Phylogeny ............................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Virus Structure and Tropism ........................................................................................... 7 2.3 Epidemiology of MERS-CoV ............................................................................................ 8 2.3.1 Host Range ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2. Transmission ................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.3 Geographical Distribution of MERS-CoV .................................................................... 12 2.4. Pathogenesis of MERS-CoV ................................................................................................ 13 2.5 Clinical Findings of MERS .................................................................................................... 15 2.6. Diagnosis of MERS .............................................................................................................. 16 2.6.1. Serological testes for MERS-CoV ................................................................................ 16 2.7 Treatment of MERS-CoV ..................................................................................................... 18 2.8 Prevention and Control of MERS ...................................................................................... 19 2.9 Current Outbreak of MERS-CoV in South Korea ................................................................ 21 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................ 22 ii 3.1 Study area and Animals ...................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Study Design and Sampling Technique ............................................................................... 26 3.3 Sample Size .................................................................................................................... 26 3.4 Sample collection, Transportation and storage ........................................................... 27 3.5 Laboratory Analysis ............................................................................................................. 27 3.5.1 Serology ........................................................................................................................ 28 3.5.2 Extraction of RNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ......................................... 29 3.6 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 30 4. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 31 5. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 37 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 39 7. REFERENCE ....................................................................................................................... 40 8. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................ 44 9. CURRICULLUM VITAE ................................................................................................... 48 iii LIST OF TABLES Tables pages Table 1. Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in the two age groups (Young and Adult Dromedary camels). .......................................................................................................... 31 Table 2.Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in the two sex groups of dromedary camels ..... 32 Table 3.Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in the herd size categories of Dromedary camels ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 4. Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in the two regions (Afar and Oromia) Ethiopia33 Table 5.Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in different zones of the study area among Dromedary camels ............................................................................................................ 33 Table 6.Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV among Dromedary camels in different districts of Afar and Oromia ............................................................................................................... 34 Table7.Risk factors responsible
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling the Current Fractional Cover of an Invasive Alien Plant and Drivers of Its Invasion in a Dryland Ecosystem
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Modelling the current fractional cover of an invasive alien plant and drivers of its invasion in a dryland Received: 23 July 2018 Accepted: 23 November 2018 ecosystem Published: xx xx xxxx Hailu Shiferaw1,3, Urs Schafner 2, Woldeamlak Bewket3, Tena Alamirew1, Gete Zeleke1, Demel Teketay4 & Sandra Eckert5 The development of spatially diferentiated management strategies against invasive alien plant species requires a detailed understanding of their current distribution and of the level of invasion across the invaded range. The objectives of this study were to estimate the current fractional cover gradient of invasive trees of the genus Prosopis in the Afar Region, Ethiopia, and to identify drivers of its invasion. We used seventeen explanatory variables describing Landsat 8 image refectance, topography, climate and landscape structures to model the current cover of Prosopis across the invaded range using the random forest (RF) algorithm. Validation of the RF algorithm confrmed high model performance with an accuracy of 92% and a Kappa-coefcient of 0.8. We found that, within 35 years after its introduction, Prosopis has invaded approximately 1.17 million ha at diferent cover levels in the Afar Region (12.3% of the surface). Normalized diference vegetation index (NDVI) and elevation showed the highest explanatory power among the 17 variables, in terms of both the invader’s overall distribution as well as areas with high cover. Villages and linear landscape structures (rivers and roads) were found to be more important drivers of future Prosopis invasion than environmental variables, such as climate and topography, suggesting that Prosopis is likely to continue spreading and increasing in abundance in the case study area if left uncontrolled.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. T 7402-ET TECHNICAL ANNEX FOR A CREDIT OF SDR 180.2 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized (USD 230.0 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA FOR AN EMERGENCY RECOVERY PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized November 9, 2000 Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENT (exchange rate effective as of November 9, 2000) Currency Unit = Ethiopian Birr US$1 8.25 GOVERNMENTFISCAL YEAR July 8 - July 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAS Country Assistance Strategy CSWs Commercial Sex Workers DPPB Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau DPPC Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission EDP Ethiopian De-mining Project EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Cooperation EMSAP Ethiopia Multi-Sectoral HIV/AIDS Project ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ERP Emergency Recovery Project/Program ERPMU Emergency Recovery Program Management Unit ESRDF Ethiopia Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund FMU Financial Management Unit H-IMA Humanitarian Mine Action ICB International Competitive Bidding ICR Implementation CompletionReport IDA International Development Association IDPs Internally Displaced Peoples ILO International Labour Organization Kebele The kebele is the lowest administrativeauthority in the regional government hierarchy in Ethiopia MEDaC Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation NCB National Competitive Bidding NGO Non-governmentalOrganization OAU Organization of African Unity PIP Project ImplementationPlan QCBS Quality and Cost Based Selection RSDP
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Alternative Livelihoods for Improved Resilience and Transformation in Afar
    EXAMINING ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS FOR IMPROVED RESILIENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN AFAR May 2019 Report photos: Dr. Daniel Temesgen EXAMINING ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS FOR IMPROVED RESILIENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN AFAR May 2019 This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Report authors: Daniel Temesga, Amdissa Teshome, Berhanu Admassu Suggested citation: FAO and Tufts University. (2019). Examining Alternative Livelihoods for Improved Resilience and Transformation in Afar. FAO: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Implemented by: Feinstein International Center Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Africa Regional Office www.fic.tufts.edu © FAO TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 6 I. BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................ 8 The Afar Region: context and livelihoods ................................................................................................... 8 The purpose of the study ............................................................................................................................ 8 The study’s approaches and methods .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Access Situation Report June – July 2019
    ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Access Situation Report June – July 2019 This report is produced by OCHA Ethiopia in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period June - July 2019. The next report will be issued around September - October 2019. OVERVIEW IUS • In June - July, Ethiopia experienced an at- TIGRAY 276 Access incidents reported tempted government overthrow in Amhara, Western socio-political unrest in Sidama (SNNPR), North Gondar Wag Hamra Central Gondar and a rise in security incidents in Southwest- Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu) AFAR ern Oromia and Gambella. The quality of ac- Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) cess declined, limiting assistance to people AMHARA No. o incidents by one South Wello Metekel in need, against a backdrop of massive gov- Oromia East Gojam BENISHANGUL Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) 4 13 35 49 AsosaGUMUZ Siti ernment-led returns of IDP to areas of origin. Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) North Shewa(O) North Shewa(A) Kemashi Dire Dawa urban West Wellega East Wellega DIRE DAWA West Shewa Fafan • Hostilities between Ethiopian Defense Forc- ADDIS ABABA Kelem Wellega East Hararge Finfine Special West Hararge es (EDF) and Unidentified Armed Groups Buno Bedele East Shewa Etang Special Ilu Aba Bora Jarar OROMIA Erer (UAGs) as well as inter-ethnic, remained the GAMBELA Jimma Agnewak main access obstacle, with 197 incidents Doolo Nogob West Arsi SOMALI (out of 276), mostly in Southwestern Oromia SNNP Sidama Bale Korahe (110). The Wellegas, West Guji (Oromia), and Gedeo Shabelle Gambella, were the most insecure areas for Segen Area P. West Guji Guji aid workers. Liban Borena • In June, conflict in the Wellegas scaled up, Daawa with explosive devices attacks causing ci- Source: Access Incidents database vilian casualties in urban centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Semera - Galafi 230 Kv Transmission Line Project
    Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopian Electric Power Semera - Galafi 230 kV Transmission Line Project ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) FINAL REPORT February 2021 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ▪ Ethiopian Electric Power Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Semera - Galafi 230 kV Transmission Line Project Final Report Second Ethiopia-Djibouti Power System Interconnection Project Table of Contents 0 Executive Summary 1 0.1 Introduction and Background 1 0.2 Purpose of the ESIA Study 1 0.3 Project Location 1 0.4 Project Description 2 0.5 Policy and Legal Framework 3 0.6 Methods of Assessment 3 0.7 Description of the Baseline Environment 3 0.8 Project Alternatives 5 0.9 Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5 0.10 Stakeholder Consultation 10 0.11 Environmental Management, Monitoring and Evaluation 11 0.12 Institutional Framework for Implementation of the ESIA 11 0.13 Capacity of EEP’s Environment and Social Affairs Office 12 0.14 Environmental Mitigation and Management Costs 12 0.15 Conclusions and Recommendations 12 1 Introduction 13 1.1 Background of the Study 13 1.2 Purpose of the ESIA Study 14 1.3 Objectives of the Study 14 1.4 Approach and Methodology 14 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the study 17 1.5.1 Scope 17 1.5.2 Limitations 17 1.6 Report Structure 18 2 Project Description 19 2.1 Background 19 2.2 Project Justification 19 2.3 Project Location 20 2.4 Salient Features of the Project 21 2.4.1 Transmission Line Route Description 21 2.4.2 Transmission Tower 22 2.4.3 Right
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences
    Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Elsabetee Megrssa Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology May 2014 Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Elsabetee Megrssa Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology Advisors Dr.Ayele Belachew Dr. John Fogarty May 2014 Addis Ababa ii Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Elsabetee Megrssa Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Approval by Examining Board _________________________ ___________________ Chairman, School Graduate Committee _________________________ ___________________ Advisor _________________________ ___________________ Examiner _________________________ ___________________ Examiner iii Acknowledgments First of all I would like to thank my mentors Dr Ayele Belachew and Dr.John Fogarty for their guidance, support and inputs in my work. Secondly, I would like to thank Dr. Lucy Boulanger, Dr.Getahun Aynalem, Dr.Desalegn Dalecha, Dr. Adamu Addis, Dr. Zegeye Hailemariam, Ms. Abigail Greenleaf, Mr. Alemayehu Bekele and Mr. Abyot Bekele for their constructive comments and contribution during field base supervisions. Third, I would like to thank Dr. Daddi Jimma; he is a deputy director general of Ethiopian Public health Institute and all PHEM staff for their cooperation and contribution during my study period.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Bank Group Assistance to the Transport Sector
    AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP ETHIOPIA: BANK GROUP ASSISTANCE TO THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OPERATIONS EVALUATION DEPARTMENT (OPEV) APRIL 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objective of Study 1 1.2 Scope 1 2. BANK GROUP STRATEGY & ASSISTANCE 2 2.1 Transport Policy 2 2.2 Strategy in the Transport Sector in Ethiopia 4 2.3 Bank Assistance 5 3. GOVERNMENT STRATEGY 5 4. DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF BANK ASSISTANCE 6 4.1 Objectives 6 4.2 Relevance 7 4.3 Efficacy 8 5. EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION 10 5.1 Implementation Schedules 10 5.2 Cost Variations and Loan Utilization 12 5.3 Economic Rates of Return 12 5.4 Bank Performance 13 5.5 Borrower Performance 15 5.6 Co-financing & Donor Co-ordination 16 6. IMPACT OF BANK ASSISTANCE 17 6.1 Project Outcomes 17 6.2 Socio-economic Impact and Poverty Alleviation 18 6.3 Impact on Women 20 6.4 Environmental Impact 21 6.5 Private Sector Participation 22 6.6 Regional Economic Integration 23 7. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING 24 7.1 Background 24 7.2 Recent Capacity Building Efforts 25 7.3 Further Capacity Building 27 8. SUSTAINABILITY 28 9. KEY ISSUES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS 29 9.1 Rural Roads 29 9.2 Road Maintenance 31 10. CONCLUSION, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34 10.1 Conclusion 34 10.2 What Have We Learned – Findings and Lessons 35 10.3 The Way Forward- Recommendations 37 ANNEXURES Annexure N° of Pages 1 Bank Assistance to Transport Sector 1 2 Summary of Bank Group Operations as at 31 July 2001 3 3 Objectives and Project Components 3 4 Project Implementation Schedule 1 5 Project Costs 2 6 Loan Amounts and Disbursements 1 7 Economic Internal Rates of Return 1 8 Agricultural Production in Districts covered by Rural Roads I & II Projects 1 9 Allocations and Expenditure from the Road Fund 1 10 Key Lessons and Recommendations 3 This report was prepared by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Afar: Insecurity and Delayed Rains Threaten Livestock and People
    EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR UNITED NATIONS ETHIOPIA (UN-EUE) Afar: insecurity and delayed rains threaten livestock and people Assessment Mission: 29 May – 8 June 2002 François Piguet, Field Officer, UN-Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia 1 Introduction and background 1.1 Animals are now dying The Objectives of the mission were to assess the situation in the Afar Region following recent clashes between Afar and Issa and Oromo pastoralists, and focus on security and livestock movement restrictions, wate r and environmental issues, the marketing of livestock as well as “chronic” humanitarian issues. Special attention has been given to all southern parts of Afar region affected by recent ethnic conflicts and erratic small rains, which initiated early pastoralists movements in zone 3 & 5. The assessment also took into account various food security issues, including milk availability while also looking at limited water resources in Eli Daar woreda (Zone 1), where particularly remote kebeles1 suffer from water shortage. High concentrations of animals have been noticed in several locations of Afar region during the current dry season. The most important reason for the present humanitarian emergency crisis in parts of Afar Region and surroundings are the various ethnic conflicts among the Issa, the Kereyu, the Afar and the Ittu. These Dead camel in Doho, Awash-Fantale (photo Francois Piguet conflicts forced pastoralists to change UN-EUE, July 2002 their usual migration patterns and most importantly were denied access to either traditional water points and wells or grazing areas or both together. On top of this rather complex and confuse conflict situation, rains have now been delayed by more than two weeks most likely all over Afar Region and is now causing livestock deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Zones of Ethiopia
    Region Zone Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Afar Region Administrative Zone 1 (a.k.a. Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Administrative Zone 2 (a.k.a. Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Administrative Zone 3 (a.k.a. Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Administrative Zone 4 (a.k.a. Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Administrative Zone 5 (a.k.a. Hari Rasu) Afar Region Argobba (special woreda) Amhara Region Agew Awi Amhara Region East Gojjam Amhara Region North Gondar Amhara Region North Shewa Amhara Region North Wollo Amhara Region Oromia Amhara Region South Gondar Amhara Region South Wollo Amhara Region Wag Hemra Amhara Region West Gojjam Amhara Region Bahir Dar (special zone) Benishangul-Gumuz Region Asosa Benishangul-Gumuz Region Kamashi Benishangul-Gumuz Region Metekel Dire Dawa Dire Dawa Gambela Region Anuak Gambela Region Mezhenger Gambela Region Nuer Harari Region Harari Oromia Region Arsi Oromia Region Bale Oromia Region Borena Oromia Region East Hararghe Oromia Region East Shewa Oromia Region East Welega Oromia Region Guji Oromia Region Horo Gudru Welega Oromia Region Illubabor Oromia Region Jimma Oromia Region Kelem Welega Oromia Region North Shewa Oromia Region South West Shewa Oromia Region West Arsi Oromia Region West Hararghe Oromia Region West Shewa Oromia Region West Welega Oromia Region Adama (special zone) Oromia Region Jimma (special zone) Oromia Region Oromia-Finfinne (special zone) www.downloadexcelfiles.com Somali Region Afder Somali Region Degehabur Somali Region Fiq Somali Region Gode Somali Region Jijiga Somali Region Korahe Somali Region Liben Somali Region Shinile
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
    briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No.
    [Show full text]