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School of Social Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University IGNOU UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION School of Social Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University IMPACT AND ASSOSIATED FACTORS OF CONFLICT OVER RESOURCE AND LIVELIHOOD IN PASTORALIST COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF AFAR - ISSA CONFLICT IN AMIBARA WOREDA, AFAR REGIONAL STATE By: Shimles Abebaw(BA) ID No. ID1322083 A THESISDIRAFT REPORT SUBMITTED TO IGNOU UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART Advisor: Dr. Elias Berhanu Debela April, 2016 Addis Ababa Oct, 2015 AddisAbeba, DECLARATION I hereby Declare that the DISSERTATION ENTITLED IMPACT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF CONFLICT OVER RESOURCE AND LIVELIHOOD IN PASTORALIST COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF AFAR - ISSA CONFLICT IN AMIBARA WOREDA, AFAR REGIONAL STATE Submitted by me for the partial fulfillment the MPA to Indira Gandhi National Open University ( IGNOU) New Delhi is my own original work and has not been summated earlier, either to IGNOUS or to any other institution for the fulfillment of the requirement for any other programmer of study. I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part is lifted and incorporated in this report from any earlier work done by me or others. Place:- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Signature --------------------------- Date:- April,2016 Enrolment No: ID1322083 Name: Shimelis Abebaw Shiferaw Address :- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia i CERTIFICATE I certified that the Dissertation entitled IMPACT AND ASSOSIATED FACTORS OF CONFLICT OVER RESOURCE AND LIVELIHOOD IN PASTORALIST COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF AFAR - ISSA CONFLICT IN AMIBARA WOREDA, AFAR REGIONAL STATE submitted by Shimelis Ababaw is his own work and has been done under my supervision It is recommended that this dissertation be placed before the examiner of evaluation. (Signature of the academic supervisor ) Name: --------------------------------------------- Address: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Study Center: ------------------------------------------------------------------ Regional center:- --------------------------------------------------------- Date :- --------------------------------------------- ii Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank God for everything he has done for me to accomplish my paper. Next I would like to express my deepest and heartfelt gratitude to my advisor Dr.Elias Berhanu, a person who can really be an advisor, realized my dream by patiently correcting this paper. I would like to thank all the pastoralists who participated in the survey in the study area for their friendly cooperation and willingness in providing me the relevant information of the research. I would like to also acknowledge zonal and woreda level administrative and Amibaraworeda peace offices and Gedamitukebele Chairperson for their unselfish help incoordinating the field works. I am also grateful to several people whose ideas on ethnicity, divided ethnic groups and ethnic conflicts are of tremendous value. I am deeply grateful to my wife SimenshFekadu,my children AfomiyaShimelis and Yanetshimelis and also my friendsMisganawKelemework, Sister AskalDemissie and GetachewGizaw whose gave me continuous support. iii Table of Contents Declaration......................................................................................................................................i Certificate ................................................................................................................................................ii Acknoledgment................................................................................................................................iii Contents...................................................................................................................................................iv List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................viii Abbreviations and Acronyms...................................................................................................vi Abstract......................................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 1.1 Back ground of the study ....................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................3 1.2.1 Research questions..............................................................................................................4 1.3 Objectives of the study.......................................................................................................4 1.3.1 General Objective................................................................................................................4 1 .3.2 Specific objectives.....................................................................................................................4 1.4 Significance of the Study.....................................................................................................4 1.5 Organization of the study ...................................................................................................5 1.6 Description of the study area..............................................................................................5 1.7 Ethical Consideration..........................................................................................................7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................8 2.1 Nature and Definitions of Conflict ............................................................................................8 2.2. Conflict in Pastoralist Society ................................................................................................10 2.3 Livelihoods and conflict in pastoralist areas ............................................................................11 2.4 Historical background of Afar-Issa conflict ..............................................................................12 2.5 The causal factor of Afar Issa conflict......................................................................................14 2.6 Cultural Structures and Mechanisms for Peace .......................................................................16 2.6.1. Informal Conflict Management Institutions.............................................................................17 2.6.2. Formal Conflict Management Institutions..............................................................................18 2.7 Pastoralist competence..........................................................................................................19 2.8 Government responses and information flows .......................................................................20 2.9 Conflict over resources with Afar............................................................................................21 iv 2.9.1 Uncontrolled increase in livestock and population settlements leads to social conflict...........22 2.9.2 Repercussion on livestock and pastoral livelihood....................................................................22 CHAPTER THREE: THE STUDY AREA.................................................................................................24 Introduction................................................................................................................................24 3.1 The Afar.................................................................................................................................24 3.1.3. Socio-economic settings of the Afar People............................................................................24 3.1.4 Traditional Political Structure of the Afar.................................................................................24 3.2 Issa/Somali............................................................................................................................25 3.2.1 Socio-economic settings of Issa/Somali................................................................................25 3.3 Shared Norms and Values between the Afar and ....................................................................27 Issa/Somali Pastorarlists..............................................................................................................27 4.1 Research Methodology ..........................................................................................................31 4.1.1 Research Design........................................................................................................................31 4.1.2 Types and source of Data..........................................................................................................32 4.1.3 Population.................................................................................................................................32 4.1.4 Sampling frame.........................................................................................................................32 4.1.5 Sample size................................................................................................................................32
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