E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 164 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2018 No. 196 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was from the Commonwealth of Kentucky, to believed to have grown it. During called to order by the Honorable RAND perform the duties of the Chair. World War II, the Federal Government PAUL, a Senator from the Common- ORRIN G. HATCH, even encouraged hemp production to wealth of Kentucky. President pro tempore. support the war effort. Unfortunately, Mr. PAUL thereupon assumed the f because of hemp’s illicit cousin, mari- Chair as Acting President pro tempore. juana, the Federal Government subse- PRAYER f quently banned it altogether for gen- erations. The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY In 2013, Kentucky agricultural lead- fered the following prayer: LEADER Let us pray. ers showed me hemp’s incredible poten- Eternal Father, we rejoice in Your The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tial for the Blue Grass State. We de- strength. In spite of gathering storm pore. The majority leader is recog- cided it was time to let America’s clouds, our confidence in Your love sus- nized. farmers show everyone what hemp tains us. Be merciful to our Nation, for f could do. First, I included experimental pilot You are our hope. BUSINESS BEFORE THE SENATE Lord, provide our lawmakers today programs for States like Kentucky in with the music of Your wisdom, that Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the the 2014 farm bill, and the results have they may bring hope out of despair and end of the year is fast approaching. been undeniable. Hemp has quickly be- joy out of sadness. Increase their faith, There are a number of important items come a booming success. Its uses range hope, and love, that they may receive left on the Senate’s agenda and little from food and pharmaceuticals to Your promises. time to address them. We will clear home insulation and automobile parts. Teach us all to celebrate, even in the more of the President’s well-qualified Enthusiastic farmers quickly applied darkness, because You are the God who executive branch and judicial nominees to plant the crop in their fields, entre- saves us. from the calendar. We will consider up- preneurs opened businesses selling We pray in Your sovereign Name. dated legislation supported by the ad- hemp-based products, and consumers Amen. ministration to address criminal jus- got to enjoy a whole new set of goods tice. We need to pass an agreement to featuring American-made hemp. In my f fill the remaining gaps in appropria- home State alone, farmers grew in ex- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE tions, including critical funding for se- cess of 3,200 acres of hemp in 2017. This curing our borders. year, the number of acres more than The Presiding Officer led the Pledge Fortunately, the Senate took a doubled. Estimates show that, once le- of Allegiance, as follows: major step yesterday by passing the galized, sales from hemp will soon sur- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the farm bill. We got that much closer to pass $1 billion. United States of America, and to the Repub- delivering a big shot in the arm to Watching this remarkable success, lic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. farmers in rural communities across we knew it was time to take the next our country. step. I introduced legislation to finally f Along with providing certainty to ag- and fully legalize hemp. Working with APPOINTMENT OF ACTING ricultural communities, I am espe- agricultural leaders and law enforce- PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE cially proud that the legislation will ment in Kentucky and here in Wash- open a new door for farmers in Ken- ington, we built support. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tucky and around the country to ex- As a member of the Agriculture Com- clerk will please read a communication plore the full potential of industrial mittee, I was proud that the legislation to the Senate from the President pro hemp. This is the culmination of a lot was included in the Senate’s version of tempore (Mr. HATCH). of work by a number of us here in the farm bill. I was proud to serve per- The legislative clerk read the fol- Washington, but really the victory is sonally on the conference committee lowing letter: for the growers, processors, manufac- to ensure that the language stayed in U.S. SENATE, turers, and consumers who stand to place. Yesterday, the Senate passed the PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, benefit from this growing marketplace. conference report. The House will pass Washington, DC, December 12, 2018. To the Senate: American hemp has a long and dis- it as early as later today, and this pro- Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, tinguished history. Some of this very vision and the rest of the farm bill will of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby body’s notable figures, including be on its way to President Trump’s appoint the Honorable RAND PAUL, a Senator Thomas Jefferson and Henry Clay, are desk to become law.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.000 S12DEPT1 S7456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 What exactly will this legislation do? would urge Members to join me in vot- tribute to a historic Senate career that The farm bill we passed yesterday both ing against it. Members on both sides will conclude at the end of this Con- legalizes hemp as an agricultural com- have legitimate concerns about the war gress. modity and removes it from the con- in Yemen, about the U.S. interests tan- Senator ORRIN HATCH has faithfully trolled substances list. It gives States gled up in this conflict, and especially represented the people of Utah in this the opportunity to be the primary about the horrible plight of Yemeni body for the last 42 years. That makes overseers of hemp production. It also citizens who are caught in the cross- him the dean of our Republican con- allows hemp researchers to apply for fire. And where Saudi Arabia is con- ference and, of course, President pro competitive Federal grants from the cerned, I think every single Member of tempore of the Senate. It also makes U.S. Department of Agriculture and this body shares grave concerns about him the longest serving Republican made hemp eligible for crop insurance. the murder of Khashoggi and wants ac- Senator in our Nation’s history. So Together, these features will encour- countability. We also want to preserve ORRIN’s longevity alone would have age new opportunities for struggling a 70-year partnership between the guaranteed him a place among the gi- farmers and their families—new prod- United States and Saudi Arabia, and ants of the Senate. As he joked a cou- ucts for use in construction, we want to ensure that it continues to ple of weeks ago, one of the most mem- healthcare, and manufacturing, and serve American interests and stabilizes orable experiences from his early Sen- new jobs in a broad range of fields. a dangerous and critical region. ate tenure was the confirmation proc- I have been honored to gain many This is the backdrop for today’s de- ess for Justice Joseph Story back in partners throughout this process. Here bate: challenging circumstances that 1811. Apparently it was quite the scene, in the Senate, thanks to the leading require the Senate to act with pru- ORRIN tells us. Democratic cosponsor of our original dence and precision. But the Sanders- Seriously, though, the most impres- bill, Senator WYDEN, and to my Ken- Lee resolution is neither precise sive thing about ORRIN HATCH is not tucky colleague, Senator PAUL. Con- enough nor prudent enough. the historic length of his tenure here gressman JAMIE COMER has championed For one thing, I do not believe the but how completely filled with accom- hemp for years and sponsored our legis- resolution should be privileged under plishments that time has been. lation in the House. In Kentucky, Com- the War Powers Act. The United States But let’s back up for a moment. It missioner Ryan Quarles has been a is not involved in combat. It is not wasn’t always obvious that our friend longtime ally of this crop’s bright fu- dropping ordnance. It is no longer even would become a star U.S. Senator. At ture in our Commonwealth. providing air-to-air refueling. As I have one point, it looked like another kind I look forward to the House passing stated previously, even if these activi- of stardom might be more probable. our farm bill soon and sending it to ties continued, it is a far cry to equate And I am not just talking about the President Trump for his signature. I them with ‘‘hostilities.’’ Regardless, successful law practice he set aside to would be happy to loan him my hemp the practice has already stopped. run for office. We all know about pen for the occasion. If the Senate wants to pick a con- ORRIN’s musical talents and his con- f stitutional fight with the executive tributions to the recording industry. I branch over war powers, I would advise am told that just a few years before PRIVACY REFORM my colleagues to pick a better case. ORRIN’s first campaign in 1976, the law- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, on Second, their resolution is an inap- yer and family man was moonlighting an entirely different matter, later propriate vehicle. There are more care- as band manager for a groundbreaking today the Senate will vote on an at- ful ways the Senate could express its Mormon folk group called The Free tempt by some of our Democratic col- concern about the conflict in Yemen or Agency. Well, it is fortunate for all of leagues to undue a pro-privacy reform our partnership with Saudi Arabia us that this free agent felt called to that Secretary Mnuchin and the Treas- without taking such a blunt instru- bring his talents here to Washington. ury Department implemented just a ment to the policy in this area. Indeed, There is a famous story from that few months ago. this resolution would threaten other first campaign back in 1976. Think As I discussed yesterday, there is nei- support the United States is providing about this. ORRIN had no political expe- ther any valid accounting reason nor a that is designed to improve coalition rience—a stranger to running for of- disclosure reason why the IRS needs targeting and limit civilian casualties. fice. But he had this sense that public access to the donor lists of the kinds of Finally, from the Senate’s perspec- service was his mission. Perhaps he tax-exempt, nonprofit organizations in tive, considering a War Powers Act res- was thinking of his beloved big brother question. The Treasury Department olution has the potential to present a Jesse, who gave his life in World War II has said that ‘‘the IRS simply does not lengthy, messy process when our cal- when ORRIN was just 10. need tax returns with donor names and endar is already packed more than full He started asking around: Did his addresses to do its job in this area.’’ with other important business to com- friends and family think he had a shot In a climate that is increasingly hos- plete for the American people. at a Senate seat? Few liked his chances tile to certain kinds of political expres- This resolution’s shortcomings do in the primary and even fewer against sion and open debate, the last thing not mean the Senate must do nothing. the three-term incumbent. But the Washington needs to do is to chill the There is a better option at hand. Legis- worst reaction of all came from his be- exercise of free speech and add to the lation introduced by Chairman CORKER loved wife Elaine. sense of intimidation. The Senate does a good job capturing bipartisan The story goes that when ORRIN filed should take a stand for America’s pri- concerns about both the war in Yemen his papers to run, she cried for 3 vacy and the First Amendment and re- and the behavior of our Saudi partners straight days. I am not sure whether ject this misguided resolution. more broadly without triggering an ex- that was unhappiness at the prospect f tended debate over war powers while of an east coast life they hadn’t we hasten to finish all our other work. planned for or a fairly accurate assess- YEMEN I have cosponsored his legislation. It is ment of his chances at that point. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, a superior road to the outcome that But ORRIN beat the odds. With the later on, the Senate may consider a most Senators want. So I urge every help of a big endorsement from a resolution by the junior Senators from Member to vote against considering former California Governor named Utah and Vermont that pertains to the the Sanders-Lee resolution later today Ronald Reagan, this young, conserv- situation in Yemen. In effect, these and join me in supporting Chairman ative upstart pulled off the upset. Members want to end the limited CORKER’s responsible alternative. Actually, there is a little secret sur- American assistance to the Saudi-led f rounding this endorsement. Few people coalition that is supporting the U.N.- know this, but I am sorry to say that recognized government in the civil war TRIBUTE TO ORRIN HATCH ORRIN was actually the Gipper’s second in Yemen. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, on choice. You see, our friend was so un- I will oppose the motion to proceed a completely different matter, it is my known back then that Reagan’s first to the Sanders-Lee resolution and bittersweet job this morning to pay telegram offered a ringing endorsement

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.001 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7457 of someone called ‘‘Warren Hatch.’’ Gorsuch, and Kavanaugh, ORRIN has ship didn’t prove quite enough to sup- Happily, the error was quickly cor- been a leading champion of their cause, port a young family, he worked as a rected. ORRIN earned Utah’s trust and even in the face of unfair slights and janitor and attendant and still grad- found his way right here to this Cham- smears. Even in cases when he has felt uated with honors. That education has ber. compelled to vote against nominees, he carried ORRIN far, but not as far as Some of his new Senate peers has treated them and the process itself something else he gained in college. thought their new colleague should lay with the respect and dignity that it is It was in one BYU classroom that low and keep quiet about his prin- due. providence did ORRIN a great favor, ciples. They had no idea what they The pile of ORRIN’s legislative vic- with an assist from alphabetical order. were in for. tories is almost as high as that tower Because ‘‘Hatch, Orrin’’ came after This Pittsburgh-born son of a metal of distinguished judges, and many of ‘‘Hansen, Elaine,’’ he found himself lather was actually ready for action. them are defined by one signature seated next to this pretty young lady Remember, ORRIN was once an amateur thread that connects much of his and struck up a conversation. That boxer. So he came to the Senate ready proudest work, his care for and com- seating chart kicked off a blessed mar- to brawl. In his very first term, he de- mitment to serve the most vulnerable riage of 60-plus years and counting. cided he had to take down this far-left members of our society—the State Not every young husband would have labor reform law that would have hurt Children’s Health Insurance Program, left a successful law practice on the free enterprise and future prosperity. the Americans with Disabilities Act, east coast and started over in Utah to So he took on a couple of Hatch-Waxman for generic drugs, some be closer to his wife’s family. Not every heavyweights—Robert Byrd, George of the earliest work on AIDS research, wife and mother would tolerate—let Meany, and the whole machinery of Big and even his very recent work to des- alone encourage and support—half a Labor. ignate 6–1-1 as the National Suicide lifetime of public service 2,000 miles So this freshman became the public Prevention Lifeline. from where they planned to call home. face and private backbone of the oppo- So ORRIN has led a bit of a double life That loving partnership has brought sition. It was an epic showdown. ORRIN here in the Senate, and I mean that in six children, 23 grandchildren, and 24 the best possible way. He has been worked 18-hour days. He taught his great-grandchildren. ORRIN has been whole staff how to draft amendments. every bit the principled fighter, as ad- known to refer to his brood as ‘‘the He gave pep talks to his ragtag, bipar- vertised. He has led the charge often Hatchlings.’’ tisan band of brothers—Dick Lugar, and hasn’t flinched from the big bat- So it is our hope that the Senate’s Howard Baker, and Fritz Hollings, tles, but at the very same time, there great loss upon ORRIN’s retirement will from across the aisle—trying to keep was ORRIN, constantly working quietly at least be this great family’s loving everyone in the boat. And it worked. It behind the scenes and across the aisle gain. withstood six cloture votes, breaking to tick off victories for vulnerable We are sad to bid farewell to our art- the record for a single bill, and they Americans who could have easily been ist-in-residence and his platinum won. American prosperity was kept left behind. records, to this former all-star mis- safe from a big power grab by union One perfect illustration of this was sionary and LDS bishop who still prac- bosses. ORRIN’s friendship with the late Ted tices what he preached, to this living It only seems fitting, decades later, Kennedy. For many of the years they example of the American dream at its spent here in the Senate, it seemed like that the other end of ORRIN’s Senate most extraordinary—the Pittsburgh they managed to rank among each oth- tenure would also be marked by a fighter who climbed up from working er’s closest friends, top collaborators, major, hard-won, right-of-center ac- poverty and became ‘‘The Gentleman and most consistent sparring part- complishment to help advance pros- of the Senate,’’ where he dedicated his ners—all at the same time. perity for all Americans. work to strengthening that ladder for But that is ORRIN. He loves to give ORRIN has chaired three of the Sen- and take. He loves to discuss and de- the generations that would follow. ate’s most distinguished and critical ORRIN has been so generous to his committees—the HELP Committee, bate. His colleagues and staff can rely on him equally to sit down and talk at colleagues, to this institution, and to Judiciary, and, most recently, Finance. length if they see an issue differently the State and the Nation he has served. In this Congress, as Finance chairman, than he does. He does not dismiss or He has given us so much. He retires he led the charge to deliver once-in-a- overrule. He wants to learn, persuade, with great congratulations on a most generation tax relief to middle-class and to be persuaded. It is no wonder distinguished career and our very American families and tax reform to warmest wishes for a peaceful and that ORRIN’s peers are so fond of him American job creators. This meant and his team is so loyal to him. happy retirement. more late night and more painstaking I am speaking especially of Ruthie f negotiations. Chairman HATCH had to Montoya, ORRIN’s scheduler for more thread the needle, attending carefully RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY than three decades—a member of the LEADER to his colleagues’ needs and keeping Senate family in her own right. But The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The their eyes on the prize. Once again, he you can’t help but respect ORRIN be- got it done. cause his own respect for this institu- Democratic leader is recognized. So what about the decades in be- tion and the dignity of every individual Mr. SCHUMER. First, Mr. President, tween these two bookmarks? First and he meets is so evident. let me add my words of fond farewell to foremost may be Senator HATCH’s spe- Utahns know this better than any- the senior Senator of Utah. Back in the cial devotion to the Federal judiciary— one. They know they can run into their good old days, we worked on a whole to its essential role in our constitu- senior Senator on the sidewalk or out lot of things together, when the place tional order, to its need for the highest shopping, and he will stop and listen was a little less partisan—immigra- quality personnel. Well, over his Sen- carefully to their thoughts and con- tion, patents, and so many other ate tenure, ORRIN has participated in cerns and life stories—maybe over a things. He was a fine legislator and a the confirmation of more than half of Costco hot dog—and he will take it all fine craftsman. I wish him and his en- all of the article III judges who have to heart. tire large, beautiful family the best. served in the United States of America How could this be surprising? This I also note that Leader MCCONNELL in our Nation’s history. Let me say distinguished Statesman grew up mod- talked about the good bipartisan work that again. ORRIN has met with, stud- estly. His mother had her hands full we have created in the farm bill, some- ied up on, questioned, or at least voted raising seven children, and his father thing good for his State and something on more than half of all of the Federal supported the family with his work as he has cared about for a long time. I judges in American history. That in- a metal lather. The hours were long hope the leader—and I will talk more cludes all nine Members of the current and the work was hard, but the life les- about this later—will use the same bi- Supreme Court. sons were invaluable. partisan spirit and help us to deal with When he supported a particular ORRIN worked his way through col- the appropriations bills that are still nominee, such as Justices Thomas, lege and law school. When his scholar- awaiting our agreement.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:35 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.003 S12DEPT1 S7458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 GOVERNMENT FUNDING Mr. President, Mexico has not agreed fortunate government shutdown caused Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, let me to pay for it. None of that is true, and by his President, if he doesn’t act now. talk a little bit about yesterday after- it is difficult—if nearly impossible—to If I were a Republican, I would get in- noon. Yesterday, Leader PELOSI and I negotiate with a President in front of volved right now and help pull the met with President Trump about fund- the press who peddles such blatant and President back from the brink. Demo- ing the government past next week. We dangerous falsehoods. crats have given him two reasonable gave the President two options to keep Because Leader PELOSI and I simply options. We made it crystal clear that the government open. The first option: didn’t go along with him, President Democrats are for keeping the govern- Pass the six bipartisan appropriations Trump threw a temper tantrum and ment open. We have no demands be- bills and a 1-year CR for the Depart- promised to shut down the government yond that, only the President does. ment of Homeland Security only. And, unless he got what he wanted. Evi- If President Trump wants to con- if they don’t like that one, a 1-year CR dently, the Trump temper tantrum tinue his temper tantrum ahead of the for the rest of government. continued even after the meeting, with holidays and cause a shutdown, it is We told the President that both of news reports saying he threw papers now so clear it is solely on his back. these options would pass both Cham- around the White House in frustration. We hope the President chooses one of bers. It was his choice to either accept Why did he continue? Because some- the reasonable options we gave him one of those two options or shut the one finally spoke truth to power. yesterday, and we hope the country government down. Yesterday, unfortu- Someone finally contradicted him can avoid a Trump shutdown. nately, it was clear that the President when he throws around blatant false- I yield the floor. is clinging to his position of billions of hoods on such a regular basis. The f President is so used to obsequious ad- dollars for an unnecessary, ineffective, RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME border wall. President Trump will soon visers who fail to dispel his false and realize that his position will not result made-up facts that he lives in a cocoon The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. COT- in a wall but will result in a Trump of his own mistruth. Leader PELOSI and TON). Under the previous order, leader- shutdown, and he seems to relish the I had to tell him, no, Mr. President, ship time is reserved. idea, amazingly enough. that is not true. We had to puncture f The President has called for a shut- that cocoon, and he threw a temper tantrum because of it. CONCLUSION OF MORNING down at least 20 times since he came to BUSINESS office. You can add at least five or six It is unfortunate that we have ar- more times to that number from our rived at this point. The President’s ad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning meeting. Here is a direct quote from visers should have been telling the business is closed. President Trump yesterday: ‘‘If we President the truth all along. Unfortu- f nately, too many of my Republican col- don’t get what we want, one way or the PROVIDING FOR CONGRESSIONAL leagues in the Senate and in the House other . . . I [President Trump] will DISAPPROVAL OF A RULE SUB- seem too afraid to tell the President shut down the government. . . . ‘’ MITTED BY THE DEPARTMENT when he is wrong, even though they President Trump said: OF THE TREASURY TO RETURNS know he is wrong. They find it easier I am proud to shut down the government. BY EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS to throw up their hands and wait for . . . [so] I will take the mantle. I will be the AND RETURNS BY CERTAIN NON- one to shut it down. I’m not going to blame someone else to solve the problem or EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS you [meaning Democrats] for it. . . . I will capitulate and agree with the Presi- take the mantle of shutting it down. dent. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under It was astounding that any Presi- At the moment, Senator MCCONNELL, the previous order, the Senate will re- dent, even this one, would say that. No the majority leader of this body and sume consideration of S.J. Res. 64, President should ever say that he or my friend, is staying as far away as he which the clerk will report. she would be proud to shut the govern- can from the year-end spending fight. The senior assistant legislative clerk ment down. No President should so We didn’t hear a peep about it today. read as follows: glibly use the American Government Leader MCCONNELL says he doesn’t A joint resolution (S.J. Res. 64) providing and the millions of workers who work want a shutdown, but he refuses to en- for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 so hard as a bargaining chip, but that gage with the President to tell him title 5, United States Code, of the rule sub- is where President Trump is headed. what is transparently obvious to every- mitted by the Department of the Treasury President Trump made clear that he one else: There will be no additional relating to ‘‘Returns by Exempt Organiza- will hold parts of the government hos- tions and Returns by Certain Non-Exempt money for the wall. We need to pass a Organizations.’’ tage for a petty campaign pledge to continuing resolution for DHS or for fire up his base. That is all it is. He all the remaining Agencies to keep the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as- never researched the wall. He talked government open. sistant Democratic leader. about it on the campaign and he said: Leader MCCONNELL has an obligation CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW ACT Oh, Mexico will pay for it. If President as majority leader, and that is to help Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, today, Trump holds to this position—that un- persuade President Trump to take one the Senate is voting on a resolution of less he gets his wall, he will shut down of the two options we offered. The idea disapproval that would rescind a dan- the government—who will suffer need- that Senator MCCONNELL has nothing gerous decision made by the Treasury lessly? The American people. to do with appropriations as majority Department and restore a vital tool in Of course, Leader PELOSI and I had to leader of the Senate, who still is on the fight against illegal spending in spend much of the meeting trying to that committee, does not withstand U.S. elections. untie the knots in logic the President the slightest scrutiny. In July, the Treasury decided to re- was tying himself in. President Trump If, unfortunately, the President re- verse decades of precedent and elimi- started by bragging about how great fuses to compromise, Leader MCCON- nate a requirement that certain tax-ex- border security is going under his NELL will not be able to avoid this empt organizations must report the watch. That, by the way, is with no issue. In the unfortunate event that identities of their major donors to the wall. If it were truly the case as the President Trump causes a shutdown, Internal Revenue Service as part of President said, that border security is the Democratic House will come into their annual returns. better than it has ever been, what is power January 3 and pass one of our Why is this important? Because the wrong with another year of the same two options to fund the government, 501(c)(4) ‘‘social welfare organizations’’ funding? If things are going so great, and then it will fall right back in Lead- and 501(c)(6) business leagues that now why does he have to threaten to shut er MCCONNELL’s lap. are no longer required to disclose their down the government for his $5 billion My view is—for whatever it is worth donors to the IRS are the very same wall? It makes no sense. None of it is to him—it is better to solve this now groups that have poured nearly one bil- based on fact. because the leader is going to be stuck lion dollars of dark money into U.S. Mr. President, there is no wall. with it 2 weeks from now, after an un- elections since 2010.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.004 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7459 Dark money makes it nearly impos- BILL NELSON has always been so willing it is then mixed with other chemicals sible for the public to find the true to reach out to other Senators—includ- and sold to those on the street, ulti- sources behind the shady attack ads ing our friends on the other side of the mately leading to their death. and political campaigns that these or- aisle—to solve problems for the people My question to Customs and Border ganizations fund. But by at least re- of Florida and for our Nation. He Protection was: What more can we do quiring these groups to disclose their knows that our common humanity is to stop the flow of fentanyl into the major donors to the IRS, the rule en- bigger than our differences of opinion. United States from China, through sured that the government could mon- Senator NELSON displayed a different Mexico, and other places? What I heard itor the groups’ compliance with cam- kind of courage in the Senate. He voted from Mr. McAleenan was not encour- paign finance laws, such as the ban on for the economic stimulus package aging because it says to me he knows foreign contributions. Now that this that helped pull America and the world what can be done, and yet he doesn’t enforcement tool has been lost, it will back from the brink of a Second Great have the resources to address it. be much easier for foreign powers to il- Depression. He voted to create the Af- Let me be specific. He told me last legally funnel money into our elections fordable Care Act—a vote that was po- year there is something called a Z Por- through dark money organizations. litically risky, but has saved lives. tal. This is a scanning device which can At a time when we know the U.S. re- NASA and America’s manned space literally scan railroad cars, trucks, and mains under threat of foreign inter- program has had no greater cham- cars coming into the United States to ference in our elections, why would we pion—save possibly John Glenn him- see if they detect anything suspicious— make it harder for the IRS, law en- self. whether it is narcotics or contraband forcement, and our nation’s intel- BILL NELSON has been a champion or guns or individuals hidden away. ligence organizations to monitor the for: Working families; economic fair- Currently, almost 100 percent of the movement of money in our political ness; and good schools and affordable railroad cars go through the scanning system? The answer is clear—we college education. before they come into the United shouldn’t. The Senate must act to re- He has fought for: Clean oceans; safe States, but fewer than one out of five scind Treasury’s misguided decision and sustainable energy; reasonable, re- other vehicles are scanned. I asked Mr. and restore an essential tool in the sponsible action to prevent climate McAleenan, if we are going to put more fight against illegal money in politics chaos; and for scientific integrity. money into border security, wouldn’t and ward off the threat of foreign funds He has given most of his adult life to we put money into these Z Portals; influencing U.S. elections. public service. He is a reasonable man wouldn’t you ask for more money to I am proud to join Senators TESTER in an unreasonable time. I will miss his fund this technology? He said he would, and WYDEN in support of this resolu- courage in our caucus and in this Sen- and he wanted to. tion and urge my colleagues to cast ate. I wish my old friend all the best as I asked him how much it would cost their vote in support of today’s CRA. he begins the next chapters in his re- to really make sure we have border TRIBUTE TO BILL NELSON markable life. He will be missed. protection to stop these deadly nar- Mr. President, I would like to enter BORDER SECURITY cotics from coming into the United into the RECORD a tribute to my col- Mr. President, let me also say at this States. His answer was $300 million. league and friend BILL NELSON of Flor- moment that we are debating the ques- Put that next to the President’s out- ida. tion of border security. rageous demands for $5 billion for a BILL is leaving the Senate after an Yesterday, the Commissioner of Cus- wall that all of us agree—at least most amazing career. We served together on toms and Border Protection appeared agree—is an ineffective and wasteful the House for 8 years, 17 years in the before the Senate Judiciary Com- expenditure of taxpayers’ money. Senate—a quarter of a century working mittee. Mr. McAleenan, who has been The President may think he made together. He is an extraordinary man the Commissioner, is a professional. I some campaign pledge that he has to who has represented the State of Flor- respect the fact that he has a world of keep come hell or high water, but that ida so well, served as one of the few experience. pledge also included a promise that When he came to my office last year, congressional astronauts in 1986 when Mexico was going to pay for this wall. I said to him: If I gave you a blank he was on the Space Shuttle Columbia. Now the President wants us to pay for check for border security to make us He is a courageous, hard-working this wall. That is $5 billion for his cam- safer in the United States, what would man. With his wife Grace by his side, paign promise instead of $300 million to you buy? they have done so many good things. keep America safe from more narcotics He said: More technology, more peo- They went to Haiti together, and I re- flowing across our borders. That, to ple. spect his commitment to public service me, is a ridiculous option that the and his commitment to the people of You will note that he didn’t say a wall because he knows, as we do, that President is demanding. Florida. If we want a safe border, if we want Senator NELSON and I go back a long a wall is a 19th century answer to a to stop this drug epidemic which is ways. We served together in the House 21st century challenge. We can make killing so many people, let us put the for 8 years—and 17 years in this Senate. America safer, and should, with a se- technology in place which will keep us A quarter-century together in the cure border, using technology and per- safer. That technology is not a wall arena. I remember then-Congressman sonnel—well trained. This notion that from sea to shining sea that the Presi- BILL NELSON made the gutsy decision we need to build a $5 billion wall came dent demands. to fly in space aboard NASA’s Space up yesterday during the course of the Shuttle Columbia in January 1986. hearing. SAUDI WAR POWERS BILL To give you an idea of how much I noted the fact that for the first Mr. President, regardless of who is courage that took, consider this: That time in my life, it was being reported serving in the White House—a Demo- was the last shuttle mission before the publicly that the life expectancy of crat or Republican—I have long felt the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Americans has gone down. You wonder Constitution is very clear. The Amer- A number of people who have flown why, in this great, progressive, pros- ican people—through Congress, and in space talk about something they perous Nation, it is the case. It is be- through Congress alone—have the con- call ‘‘the overview effect’’—a shift in cause of the drug epidemic—an epi- stitutional responsibility to declare perspective that occurs when you see demic which has been fueled by opioids war. the Earth hanging like a tiny, fragile and heroin and fentanyl. Some 40,000 or Whether I was holding President ball in the black void of space. From more Americans lose their life annu- Bush in the Iraq war or President the heavens, there are no boundaries, ally to this epidemic—more than we Obama in our interventions in Syria or and you see that all of us on this planet lose in traffic accidents, for example. Libya to this standard, it really came are part of the same whole. When you look at the source of the down to the same basic principle. The I think that seeing the Earth from narcotics, you find the most deadly Constitution is clear. Article I section that perspective would make anyone a chemical, fentanyl, is coming into the 8 states: ‘‘The Congress shall have the better Senator. It may explain why United States over our borders, where power . . . to declare War.’’

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.001 S12DEPT1 S7460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 What we are doing later today is a On Sunday, some may have read the CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW ACT debate over the future of the U.S. in- New York Times columnist Nick Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, the Sen- volvement in the war in Yemen. It is Kristof’s devastating piece ‘‘Your Tax ate is now opening the crucial debate long overdue and deeply important. Dollars Help Starve Children’’ about on our proposal to throw out the It occurs as we are entering the 18th his recent and courageous trip to Trump pro-dark money campaign rule year of the war in Afghanistan. That is Yemen. Mr. Kristof writes about girls under the Congressional Review Act. an incredible fact. I was on the Senate like Amal and notes how we typically At the outset, I thank my colleague floor and voted some 18 years ago, after think of war casualties as being men Senator TESTER for his leadership on the 9/11 occurrence, to go after those who have had their legs blown off. Yet, the issue of bringing sunshine to Amer- responsible for killing 3,000 innocent in Yemen, he writes, the most common ican elections. Americans and who were believed to be war casualties are children who are The fact is the State of Montana is in Afghanistan at the time. I voted dying of starvation and that in the the poster child of campaign finance with a clear conscience, understanding conference room in Riyadh, Saudi Ara- reform—a textbook case of the sort of no one can strike the United States bia, and here in Washington, officials, transparency and accountability that and kill innocent people without being simply, don’t fathom the human toll of American elections need to all be held accountable. their policies. Maybe some think that about, and no Senator embodies that I had no idea when I cast that vote this war in Yemen is justified, that Ira- tradition more than Montana’s own that beyond Osama Bin Laden, we nian influence and the Houthis in JON TESTER. would continue using that authoriza- Yemen are credible threats to U.S. se- If you know anything about the his- tion against terrorism 18 years later to curity interests. tory of the State and the Montana Cop- prolong the longest war in the history Ultimately, this is not about the per Kings, you know why Montanans of the United States—the war in Af- merits of any such fight. It is not about and JON TESTER always lead this fight. ghanistan. soldier against soldier or combat That is why I am so glad, as the rank- I don’t believe anyone who voted, as against combat. It is about the inno- ing Democrat on the Finance Com- I did, in 2001, for that authorization of cent bystanders who are dying by the mittee, to be able to partner with him force could have imagined that 18 years thousands. It is also not any way to on this critical issue. The Trump ad- later we would still be engaged in a war vindicate the Houthis’ troubling role in ministration’s dark money rule makes in Afghanistan or that the authoriza- the horrible Yemeni civil war or their it easier for foreigners and special in- tion would be stretched beyond credi- likely support from Iran. I don’t try to terests to corrupt and interfere in our bility to approve the U.S. military ac- do that, and I won’t. It is about our elections. Senator TESTER and I have tion in multiple countries around the constitutional duty and responsibility filed this Congressional Review Act world, which brings us to the war in to debate and vote to participate in proposal because we want to make it question today. this war or in any war. harder. I believe deeply that when you are The disastrous and bloody Saudi-led Our Founding Fathers were wise and facing down secret money that is shift- war in Yemen is supported by the knew that the decision to send some- ing between shadowy groups that want United States. Does anyone here re- one’s son or daughter into war must to buy our elections, sunlight is the member voting to authorize U.S. mili- not be made by a King or a supreme ex- best disinfectant. If you are concerned tary involvement in that war? Of ecutive, but in our case, it is by the about foreign actors who are hostile to course not. Did anyone who voted for United States, by the elected Rep- our country and who are illegally fund- the 2001 AUMF, authorization for the resentatives of the people. Just think ing candidates who will do their bid- use of military force dealing with al- of how many battles in human his- ding, sunlight is the best disinfectant. Qaida, believe we were including the tory—how many deaths, how much If you are worried about anonymous Saudi-led quagmire in Yemen, a quag- blood and destruction—have occurred political insiders who have deep pock- mire led by a reckless, young Saudi to satisfy vanity or the narrow inter- ets that are tightening their grips on Crown Prince who I believe had direct ests of a despot or an unelected ruler. Washington, DC, sunlight is the best knowledge of the brutal murder of Our Constitution makes it clear that disinfectant. I hope, today, we will journalist and U.S. resident Jamal we are different. The American people prove that sunlight should not be a Khashoggi? are given the voice and the responsi- partisan proposition. Not only was this war never author- bility to decide if their sons or daugh- ized by the elected representatives of Yet the rule change the Trump ad- ters will participate in the war, and ministration pushed through this sum- the American people, it is a humani- they do it through the U.S. Congress, tarian disaster. An estimated 85,000 mer is not about sunlight; it is all including this very organization, body, about darkness. It is about secrecy. It children have already died of malnutri- in which I serve. We have utterly failed tion in this war, and in a country of 28 is about giving the well-connected even as the U.S. Senate in this responsi- more of a say in how American Govern- million, nearly half are facing famine bility. because of a war that was initiated by ment works. You can see that pretty So we are long overdue to have this the Saudis and supported by the United clearly just by going back to the day debate, which is coming up today or to- States. the rule was announced. That alone Look at this heartbreaking photo. morrow, and a vote, which will ulti- shows how out of whack these policies This is the photo of a 7-year-old, young mately reflect whether we should con- are, how wrongheaded they are. Yemeni girl, named Amal Hussain. tinue with the war in Yemen. I will be On July 16, 2018, a Monday morning, This photo was taken and featured in voting against that war. I believe we the American people woke up to the the New York Times in November. This have to put an end to this humani- news of the arrest of an accused Rus- young girl died shortly after this photo tarian disaster, and the American peo- sian spy in Washington, named Maria was taken. ple, especially those in Illinois, have Butina. She had come to our country ‘‘My heart is broken,’’ her mother sent me here to Congress to express years earlier and had set out to infil- said. that clearly. trate conservative organizations, espe- I know this is a difficult photo to dis- I yield the floor. cially the NRA. She cultivated rela- play in the U.S. Senate, but I believe it I suggest the absence of a quorum. tionships with political insiders. She is necessary. It shows the consequences The PRESIDING OFFICER. The worked to organize back channel lines of this war and the failure of Congress clerk will call the roll. of communication for the benefit of the to speak out clearly to this administra- The senior assistant legislative clerk Russian Federation, and she set up a tion and take the actions necessary to proceeded to call the roll. shell company in North Dakota with a stop our involvement in this war and Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask very prominent NRA political opera- humanitarian disaster in Yemen. The unanimous consent that the order for tive. For months, her lawyer claimed malnutrition and innocent suffering the quorum call be rescinded. she was nothing more than a typical that you see in this photo cannot be ig- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without college kid who was enjoying life in the nored. objection, it is so ordered. Nation’s Capital.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.007 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7461 It has been a few years since I have ing to ‘‘further efficient tax adminis- litical spending group called ‘‘And For been in college, but I don’t know of tration.’’ That sounds, to me, like dry The Sake Of The Kids.’’ Then he many students at Portland State or Washington lingo for ‘‘enforcing the dropped a mountain of cash on the Southern Oregon who cross State lines pro-sunshine law is a pain, so why election, and his preferred candidate to set up shell companies and organize would anybody bother?’’ Others, sim- won. Let me repeat that in case any- lines of communication with the Krem- ply, claim it will have no real con- body didn’t get the essence of what he lin. Most college kids in Oregon are too sequence. was up to. An energy baron, a leader in busy being college kids to infiltrate I have two responses to that one. the fight for more dirty energy started conservative political circles on behalf First, if the dark money rule change a political spending group to protect of a hostile foreign power. is not any big deal, then why did the his dirty energy interests, and he actu- Hours after the vast majority of the Trump administration work so hard to ally named it ‘‘And For The Sake Of American public heard Maria Butina’s block Congress from challenging it? It The Kids.’’ name for the first time, the Trump ad- kept the rule change off the official The dark money rule change—what ministration dropped its dark money books for as long as it could because it the Trump administration worked so bombshell. It announced a new policy was hoping to run out the clock on our hard to get, what they worked so hard that is going to let even more oversight. This is real gamesmanship to hide from oversight—feeds right into untraceable dark money from for- in order to make sure the American what I have shown is a system of ma- eigners and special interests find its people don’t find out about how there lignant, secretive politics that our peo- way into—infiltrate—our elections. For would be less sunlight with respect to ple have had a belly full of. It gets to those like Maria Butina who want to big political donations. the heart of a larger problem. Across secretly, furtively, invade and twist Second, the argument that cutting the country, our right to vote, our and corrupt our democracy, the Trump off disclosure will not have harmful elections, and our democracy are under administration, just this summer, consequences is another one that has assault. made it a lot easier. been trotted out in opposition to our Here are a few examples of what that Shadowy political spending groups reform. means. Since the Citizens United deci- used to be required under tax law to If the existing rule requiring disclo- sion, the amount of outside money disclose the identities of their major sure of major dark money donors to spent by shadowy groups on our elec- donors. After this rule was adopted, the IRS wasn’t casting enough sun- tions has gone into the stratosphere. they didn’t have to disclose their do- shine, that is not a reason to bring on Congressional districts are gerry- nors at all. Federal investigators are total secrecy. That is not a reason for mandered to such an extreme that mil- going to be blind to bad actors who use bringing on darkness. It is a reason to lions of Democratic voters are, in ef- dark money groups to do their bidding. say you want to be on the side of more fect, denied equal representation. In Even if the Internal Revenue Service sunshine. Wisconsin, Democrats got 54 percent of and State tax authorities suspect a A number of our colleagues on the the vote, but only 37 percent of the particular spending group is guilty of Finance Committee—Senator MCCAS- seats in the legislature. wrongdoing, they will not know who KILL and Senator WHITEHOUSE, who is a Republicans ignore the advice of provided the cash. champion of disclosure—are all in Trump intelligence experts ringing the Since this is a tax policy change, it favor of more sunshine. To me, this ar- alarm bells over election security, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Fi- gument, as well, just doesn’t stand up. they ignore the cyber security experts nance Committee, where we do a lot of We think that making as much public who have clearly stated that paper bal- work on issues that deal with tax ex- information public ought to be the pol- lots and risk limiting audits are the emptions. Let’s make one thing clear. icy of our land. key—the best way—to defend attacks There was no debate on this issue in One thing that is clear to me from on our voting system. the Finance Committee, and it re- my conversations this election season Tens of millions of Americans cast ceived no debate on the Senate floor. is that voters do not want more secret their votes on insecure, hackable ma- The American people had no oppor- spending for more anonymous wealthy chines produced by companies that buy tunity to comment on the rule change, donors and foreigners leading to more off election officials and evade over- which would be typical if you are talk- political ads. sight by the Congress. The Trump ad- ing about a major change in a regula- It is not possible to escape all of ministration and his allies have in- tion. So we are going to unpack that these ads on television. Short of pitch- vented a fake crisis of voter fraud out this morning. ing a tent and camping out in the of thin air, and they have used it as a I am going to start by just spending woods until the second week of Novem- pretext to purge millions of voters a minute or 2 on some of the argu- ber, you can’t get away from it. People from the rolls and discourage Ameri- ments I have heard from some who hear all of these charged-up political cans from casting a ballot. might not be inclined to support it. ads, but much of the time they have no State officials have targeted commu- First, there has been an argument way of determining who is behind nities of people of color, shutting down that disclosing these major donors is a them. You get to the end of the ad, and polling places where they live and re- violation of privacy. The Presiding Of- a voice says that it was paid for by an stricting opportunities to vote early or ficer and I serve together on the Select oddly named group that you have prob- as an absentee. Committee on Intelligence, and I think ably never heard of, something like In the last few days, Americans have anybody who has followed that work ‘‘Americans United for Patriotic Prior- learned more and more about what knows that I am a real privacy hawk ities’’ or ‘‘Grandparents for This and happened in one district in North Caro- and don’t take a backseat to anybody That.’’ Maybe the group is called lina, where Republican Party in terms of privacy rights. Yet allow- ‘‘Families for Stuff.’’ That is the kind operatives schemed to confiscate and ing foreigners and megawealthy cor- of nonsense that is offered up in terms destroy mail-in ballots, likely belong- porations to buy elections in secret is of disclosure that I, Senator TESTER, ing to Democratic voters, if you read not a matter of privacy policy; it is a Senator WHITEHOUSE, and others who the press reports that are coming out proposition that is anti-democratic. have been in this fight think is ridicu- daily. Furthermore, I will point out that the lous. In some States where Democrats group that is making the case for the By the way, there are real-life exam- have won elections—look at Wisconsin privacy argument online is, in fact, a ples that actually demonstrate my and North Carolina—outgoing Repub- dark money group. point. Some will remember Don lican lawmakers have sabotaged the Second, since the announcement, the Blankenship, whose mining company powers of incoming Governors, in defi- Trump administration has tried to broke safety laws and lost 29 employees ance of the voters who elected them. downplay the significance of the new in the worst mine explosion in decades. Trump’s dark money policy—the idea rule. The Deputy Secretary of Treasury A couple of years ago, he wanted, more that it is OK to have more dark, secret told the Finance Committee that cut- or less, to buy a seat on the West Vir- money in politics—reinforces the cor- ting off disclosure was all about work- ginia Supreme Court. So he set up a po- ruption that I have just described. It

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.009 S12DEPT1 S7462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 concentrates power in the hands of spe- As I think everybody on this floor ish secret threats, or whether you want cial interests that can afford to cut a has observed, there is a rot in our to combat the tsunami of slime, there big check and buy the election results American democracy, and there is a is every reason to take a stand against they want. It takes power away from shadow over the Halls of Congress. The what has become of our democracy. If individuals, away from moms and dads rot is dark money, and the shadow is you think this is just an academic pur- who vote to give their kids a brighter special interest influence empowered suit, take a look at the climate change future, away from seniors who vote to by that dark money. dispute. protect Medicare and Social Security, A lot of this goes back to the ex- In 2007, 2008, and 2009, when I was a and away from young people who are traordinarily misguided decision of the new Senator, we did bipartisan work on saying it is long past time to fight the U.S. Supreme Court—or, I should say, climate change every one of those devastation of climate change and the five Republican appointees to the U.S. years. We had bipartisan hearings. We rising cost of education. Supreme Court—in Citizens United, had bipartisan bills. I think we had Having more disclosure and more which took the astonishing position four of them in the Senate. sunshine in elections traditionally has that the integrity of our elections Along comes Citizens United in Janu- been bipartisan, and I hope the resolu- should receive a value of zero in their ary of 2010. From that moment for- tion Senator TESTER and I are offering calculus and their solicitude should be ward, bipartisanship was dead because will also be bipartisan. All we have to exclusively for the wealthiest forces the fossil fuel industry that asked for do is have an outbreak of the legacy of that bring their power to bear on the Citizens United decision and that the late John McCain. American democracy, because, after got the Citizens United decision from A few years ago, I introduced a bipar- all, if what you are doing is unleashing the five Republican appointees was in- tisan disclosure bill with my friend and the power of special interests to spend stantly ready to bring that new power colleague Senator MURKOWSKI. Big bi- millions of dollars, by definition, you to bear. They went to the Republican partisan majorities passed campaign fi- are only powering up the group that Party, and they said: Anybody who nance legislation in the 1970s. That is has millions of dollars to spend and a crosses us on climate is dead. They what Senator TESTER and I believe the reason to spend it. took representatives like Bob Inglis Congress ought to get back to. Throw- That is, perhaps, the segment of the and put him out of his job to dem- ing out the Trump dark money rule American population entitled to the onstrate their seriousness. seems to us to be a good first step. least solicitude in our great American From that moment, from the day the This is an opportunity, today, to vote debate. Yet it was the exclusive inter- Citizens United decision was an- for sunshine in our elections, to say est of the five Republican appointees nounced, there has not been a serious that sunshine is, again, the best dis- on the Court. It was an evil balancing piece of climate legislation that any infectant. There is none other like it of priorities but, sadly, part of a long Republican has been willing to sign for corruption in our elections. I am tradition—going back to the Bellotti onto. hopeful that, once again, this idea of decision—of Republican appointees to If you doubt the effects of dark transparency, disclosure, and account- the Supreme Court expanding the role money, take a look at where we are on ability will be bipartisan in the Senate and influence of corporations and spe- climate change. In this weird way, the when we vote a little bit after noon cial interests. pollution of our democracy is directly today. connected to the pollution of our at- I will close by way of saying that I In their foolishness, the five Repub- lican judges who gave us the Citizens mosphere and oceans. come from a State where citizens have And, of course, once you open a chan- insisted on open government. I have United decision claimed that the spending they unleashed was going to nel for a dark money influence—an had more than 900 open-to-all townhall American dark money influence; meetings, and the reason why people be transparent—not so. ExxonMobil, the Koch brothers, Big want them is because they see that as Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Pharma, you name it—when you open a a path to accountability, and they sent to append to my remarks at the dark money channel for that influence don’t want politics driven by just cam- end with an article pointing out that to wreak its power, you can’t control paign donations and big money. They secret political spending in elections in who comes through it. Dark is dark. certainly don’t want it to be dark the United States of America is on And there is every reason now to be- money. track to hit a $1 billion milestone. We are going to know a little bit Not only is the secret spending a lieve that foreigners are taking advan- more about Maria Butina here in the menace, but once you allow unlimited tage of our dark money channels to next day or so, but, again, when you spending—particularly, if you allow exert influence in our elections. have college students setting up shell unlimited secret spending—there is an- I ask unanimous consent to have companies thousands of miles away other dark problem, which is that if printed in the RECORD at the end of my from going to college, that ought to be you are a big special interest that is remarks an op-ed in Politico entitled a wake-up call that the Trump dark able to spend unlimited money, and ‘‘Foreign Dark Money is Threatening money rule makes it more likely and perhaps secret unlimited money American Democracy,’’ written by that we will have more of those shell against a candidate, what else have former Vice President Biden. companies in the days ahead. you been given the power to do? You Today’s Congressional Review Act When we vote at 12:15, I urge my col- have been given the power to go to that measure is a small step. It won’t pro- leagues to support Senator TESTER’s candidate and say: We are coming after vide much public disclosure; it will and my resolution, with the support of you unless you do what I tell you. only require that companies and enti- many colleagues, like Senator WHITE- It opens threats and promises that ties that are using these dark money HOUSE, who has been a champion on are always going to be secret. So even channels continue to report to the IRS. these disclosure issues. I urge my col- were there not these evil channels for So there is not going to be an enor- leagues on both sides of the aisle to re- dark money to pollute and influence mous difference made here, but there is member that these issues have always our democracy, Citizens United would an enormous difference in which side been about bipartisanship and to join still be misguided with respect to the this body will choose to be on in this us in voting for our proposal that we darkness of the threats and promises vote today on Senator TESTER’s resolu- will vote on shortly after noon. that it empowered. tion. It is a very simple and a very I yield the floor to Senator WHITE- Of course, when you remove account- stark choice. We can choose, one by HOUSE and thank him for all his work ability for the advertising and the slea- one. Each one of us will make this on these issues over the years. zy campaigns that this supports, you choice today. We can choose to be on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- get a lot more negative advertising. the side of dark money. We can choose ator from Rhode Island. That is why one of the consequences of to decide to be on the side of special in- Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I all of this has been described as a tsu- terest influence, we can choose to de- am honored to join the senior Senator nami of slime. cide to be on the side of whispered from Oregon in support of this impor- Whether you want to rid dark money threats—I will tell you that dark tant resolution. channels, whether you want to dimin- money and special interest influence

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:05 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.010 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7463 and whispered threats have a disgrace- THE TROUBLE WITH DARK MONEY 14 event. ‘‘Dark money is a creation of the ful force in this building right now, Dark money is a growing problem for can- FEC.’’ thanks to Citizens United and the dark didates and voters, according to Issue One You don’t need judges to overturn Citizens United to end secret political spending, and money channels that it empowered—or Executive Director Meredith McGehee. ‘‘Talking to members of Congress—wheth- you don’t need Congress to make a move, he we can choose to be on the side of added. You just need action by the FEC, but America as a city on a hill. Why do we er they be Republican, Democrat or inde- pendent—one thing they all fear is dark that is ‘‘simply not going to happen, at least call America a city on a hill? Because money, because it’s money that they have a not as the FEC is currently constituted,’’ everyone can see it. And a city on a hard time anticipating, responding to, under- said Noti, who worked as an FEC attorney hill does not do its business through standing,’’ she said. for a decade. He doesn’t sound upbeat about the dark money sewers that run under ‘‘And it’s really a big question for the seeing an imminent end to dark money. the city; it does its business in the American people, because when you don’t ‘‘The courts may intervene at some point. Congress may intervene at some point. Oth- plain marketplace and open spaces of know where the money is coming from, it’s hard to do what the Supreme Court said you erwise we’ll see what the FEC does,’’ Noti that city, and that is what we should said. be for. should be able to do as an American citizen— and that is to judge the message partly by The U.S. Supreme Court in September let I ask unanimous consent to have who the messenger is.’’ stand a lower court’s ruling that required printed in the RECORD a report on this Other campaign-finance activists have said dark-money groups to reveal some secret do- issue by a terrific bipartisan group, secret money encourages corruption and nors, but then new guidance in October from called ‘‘Issue One,’’ as a third append- threatens democracy. the FEC was viewed as limiting that develop- ant to my remarks. On the other side of the issue, former com- ment’s impact. missioner for the Federal Election Commis- FEC Chairwoman Caroline C. Hunter and There being no objection, the mate- Commissioner Matthew S. Petersen, both rial was ordered to be printed in the sion Brad Smith, known for opposing cam- paign-finance regulations, once wrote that Republicans, blasted the lower court’s ruling RECORD, as follows: dark money is ‘‘a term used not to enlighten, in a joint statement, saying it had ordered a [From MarketWatch, Nov. 26, 2018] but to scare Americans into approving of new expenditure reporting regime just two months before the midterm election and SECRET POLITICAL SPENDING ON TRACK TO sweeping new laws, invading privacy in ways never before seen in American politics.’’ caused confusion. Commissioner Ellen REACH $1 BILLION MILESTONE Weintraub, a Democrat, had praised the judi- (By Victor Reklaitis) Supporters of anonymity in politics have noted Thomas Paine’s famous ‘‘Common cial actions as ‘‘a real victory tor trans- So-called dark money, which came into Sense pamphlet was published anonymously parency,’’ but then after the October guid- being after a Supreme Court ruling, soon in 1776. They also have said that throughout ance described the overall progress on the may reach a ten-digit milestone. history anonymous political speech has been matter as ‘‘not as broad as some people had That term refers to election-related spend- attacked by entrenched powers but has hoped.’’ Hunter, Petersen and Weintraub ing by groups that don’t disclose their do- helped challengers, and they’ve stressed that didn’t respond to requests for comment. This report was first published on Nov. 20, nors. This type of political outlay remains disclosures can chill speech and lead to the 2018. far from becoming dominant, but it keeps harassment of donors. spooking researchers, lawmakers and activ- ists, as it nears a big round number. THE BIG SPENDERS AND KEY VEHICLES [From POLITICO, Nov. 27, 2018] ‘‘We see dark money flowing into this proc- The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has been FOREIGN DARK MONEY IS THREATENING ess from both liberal and conservative the biggest spender of dark money with an AMERICAN DEMOCRACY sources, and in 2020 we will be reaching this estimated $130 million paid out, according to (By Joseph Biden and Michael Carpenter) milestone where $1 billion will have been Issue One’s recent ‘‘Dark Money Illumi- spent by dark-money groups since Citizens nated’’ report. It’s followed by Crossroads Here’s how to put a stop to it. Whatever Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s United,’’ said Michael Beckel, manager of re- GPS, which is tied to Republican operative investigation ends up revealing about Rus- search, investigations and policy analysis at Karl Rove and has spent about $110 million, sia’s efforts to subvert our democracy, one Issue One. and Americans for Prosperity, which is fund- thing is already clear from the media atten- He was referring to the 2010 Supreme Court ed by conservative billionaire industrialists tion this topic has received: America’s demo- ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Charles and David Koch and has shelled out cratic institutions are highly vulnerable to Commission that struck down a ban on polit- $59 million. The Democratic-leaning spend- foreign influence. ical spending by corporations. Beckel, whose ers of dark money include Patriot Majority Foreign powers use three basic tools to nonprofit organization aims to reduce the USA, with its $18 million in outlays. interfere in democratic politics: cyber oper- role of money in politics, was speaking at a Issue One said it was able to reveal some ations, disinformation and dark money. recent event focused on dark money. dark-money through back-door methods Thanks in part to Mueller’s indictments of FAR FROM THE BIGGEST SOURCE OF FUNDS such as analyzing tax returns, looking at lobbyists and labor unions’ filings and exam- members of Russia’s military intelligence Getting to $1 billion shouldn’t be a big ining other data sources. agency (GRU) and the St. Petersburg troll stretch, given the current estimates for how There are three main vehicles for putting farm known as the Internet Research Agen- much has been spent in the shadows. More such money in play, according to Issue One. cy, we have begun to address election-related than $800 million has been shelled out to They are ‘‘social welfare’’ groups organized cyber attacks and foreign disinformation. date since the court decision eight years ago, under Section 501(c)(4) of the tax code, trade But when it comes to foreign dark money— according to Anna Massoglia, a researcher at associations established under Section money from unknown foreign sources—we the Center for Responsive Politics, who also 501(c)(6), and limited liability companies. remain woefully unprepared. spoke at the event. The lack of transparency in our campaign The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which lob- While it would be significant to have dark- finance system combined with extensive for- bies for big business in Washington, didn’t money groups hit $1 billion in spending since eign money laundering creates a significant respond to a question about whether it 2010, that amount is far below what’s spent vulnerability for our democracy. We don’t agreed with Issue One’s $130 million figure. in just one election cycle by all groups. The know how much illicit money enters the ‘‘As a 501(c)(6) organization, the chamber 2018 midterm races, for example, sparked an United States from abroad or how much dark complies with all applicable lobbying disclo- estimated $5.2 billion in outlays alone, most- money enters American political campaigns, sure laws as we advocate for policies that ly by Democratic and Republican candidates, but in 2015, the Treasury Department esti- grow the economy and create jobs,’’ the rather than dark-money groups or other out- mated that $300 billion is laundered through trade association said in a statement. side organizations. the U.S. every year. If even a small fraction The $800 million spent to date by groups AN FEC CREATION THAT LOOKS SET TO STAY of that ends up in our political campaigns, it that don’t disclose their donors in the past ALIVE constitutes an unacceptable national secu- eight years represents about 18% of all polit- After the Supreme Court opened the door rity risk. ical spending by outside groups during that for corporate spending in elections, the FEC While foreign funding of campaigns is pro- period, said Massoglia from the Center for said existing disclosure laws weren’t a good hibited by federal statute, the body that en- Responsive Politics, a campaign-finance fit for this new category of outlays, said forces campaign finance laws—the Federal watchdog. Adav Noti, an attorney with the Campaign Election Commission (FEC)—lacks both Dark money’s rise has been rapid, but it’s Legal Center, an ethics and campaign-fi- teeth and resources. Sophisticated adver- hard to predict if it eventually could make nance watchdog. The regulatory agency then saries like Russia and China know how to up 100% of all outside spending, Massoglia created a new disclosure rule that was ‘‘ex- bypass the ban on foreign funding by exploit- told MarketWatch. She noted some organiza- tremely narrow’’ and led to dark money’s ing loopholes in the system and using layers tions want to publicize their spending, rath- rise, he said. of proxies to mask their activities, making er than hide it: ‘‘There are advantages to ‘‘Although it gets conflated with Citizens it difficult for the FEC, the FBI, and the doing that, in terms of getting credit for United pretty frequently, it’s not a creation Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes En- what you’re spending on.’’ of the Supreme Court,’’ Noti said at the Nov. forcement Network to follow the money.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.012 S12DEPT1 S7464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 One of the key loopholes is the ability of ters of national security, these are issues the FEC since January of 2010 and all of so-called super PACs to accept money from that should be of interest to both Democrats which are profiled on Issue One’s website— U.S. subsidiaries of foreign corporations. and Republicans who want to reduce our vul- include: And while super PACs are required to file fi- nerability to foreign corrupt influence. Americans for Prosperity, the flagship po- nancial disclosure reports, non-profit 501(c) litically active nonprofit of the billionaire organizations (for example, the National [From Issue One] industrialists Charles and David Koch; Rifle Association or the U.S. Chamber of DARK MONEY ILLUMINATED Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies Commerce) are not. So if a foreign entity Today many—if not all—politicians live in (Crossroads GPS), a Republican-aligned transfers money to a 501(c), that organiza- fear that opaque dark money groups will group associated with Karl Rove, a former tion can in turn contribute funds to a super launch 11th-hour smear campaigns against advisor to President George W. Bush; PAC without disclosing the foreign origin of them. If you listen closely, many members of The League of Conservation Voters, an ad- the money. Congress continuously fundraise precisely to vocacy organization that works to elect pro- The last time Congress took on dark prevent this doomsday scenario, leading environment candidates who are typically money was after 9/11, in the Patriot Act, some of them to even leave office rather Democrats; when we made it illegal for banks to be The National Rifle Association, the na- ‘‘willfully blind’’ to money laundering and than try to out-raise the deep-pocketed do- nors attempting to control their electoral tion’s top gun lobby and backer of politi- requiring them to verify their customers’ cians who champion the Second Amendment; identities. But the lack of any requirement fates. Dark money groups hold enormous sway Patriot Majority USA, an organization led to disclose the beneficial (i.e. ‘‘true’’) owner- over what issues are, and are not, debated in by political operatives with close ties to ship of limited liability companies (LLCs) Democratic Sens. Harry Reid and Chuck makes it easy for foreign entities to estab- Congress and on the campaign trail. But the Schumer; and lish shell companies in the United States. donors behind these groups rarely discuss The Planned Parenthood Action Fund, an These shell companies can then contribute their motivations for bankrolling these ef- advocacy group working to elect politicians to a 501(c), invest in real estate or channel forts, leaving the public in the dark about who support reproductive rights and to money directly to a super PAC. Fortunately, who funds these increasingly prominent and thwart anti-abortion politicians. there are steps we can take to secure our potent organizations. Unfortunately, Supreme Court Justice An- Informing and augmenting the profiles of system and shine a light on these murky thony Kennedy was either ill-advised or mis- these 15 major dark money groups is an ex- transactions. In August, two dozen state attorneys gen- informed when he—while writing the major- clusive, first-of-its-kind database created by eral asked Congress to pass legislation to ity opinion in the Supreme Court’s Citizens Issue One that features information about disclose the beneficial owners of LLCs. A fed- United v. Federal Election Commission the donors identified by obscure public eral solution to this issue is necessary be- case—assumed that any new corporate records—and other little-known sources— cause individual states compete for incorpo- spending in politics unleashed by the deci- who are funding these organizations. ration revenue and therefore have little in- sion would be wholly independent of can- In all, this new database contains nearly centive to reform on their own. In Nevada, didates and promptly disclosed on the Inter- 1,200 transactions spanning more than eight for example, the process of registering a net. In that ruling, Justice Kennedy wrote years—and identifies approximately 400 company has been described as ‘‘easier than that ‘‘a campaign finance system that pairs unique donors who have collectively given getting a library card.’’ A federal require- corporate independent expenditures with ef- more than $760 million to these dark money ment to disclose the true owners and con- fective disclosure has not existed before groups in recent years. trolling interests of LLCs would allow law today.’’ Each record also contains a link to the pri- But let’s be clear: It still does not exist enforcement to scrutinize the ‘‘ghost cor- mary source document for each trans- today. porations’’ that pop up overnight in states action—constructed through painstaking re- Issue One’s new ‘‘Dark Money Illumi- like Nevada or Delaware—and that could be search and fact-checking by the Issue One nated’’ project—a year-long, deep-dive anal- used to funnel dark money into our politics. team, building off of work previously done Real estate deals are also susceptible to ysis into the forces at play in the post-Citi- by the Center for Responsive Politics, Center foreign money laundering because they are zens United political world, which is accom- for Public Integrity, Center for Political Ac- largely exempt from the ‘‘know your cus- panied by a first-of-its-kind database of dark countability and others. money donors—chronicles just how difficult tomer’’ rules that apply to the banking in- HOW DID CITIZENS UNITED LEAD TO AN it remains to effectively ascertain informa- dustry. This allows foreign entities to use EXPLOSION OF POLITICAL DARK MONEY? tion about the true sources behind the del- shell companies to park their wealth in the By a slim 5–4 margin, the Supreme Court United States or to channel that money to uge of political dark money that Citizens United ushered in, even for campaign finance held in Citizens United that corporations— U.S. political interests (for example, by pur- including limited liability companies and chasing real estate at above-market prices). experts. The project also offers constitu- tional, bipartisan solutions to bring addi- certain nonprofit corporations—could bank- Implementing more comprehensive disclo- roll overt political advertisements that sure requirements in high-end real estate tional accountability to the political adver- tisements from dark money groups that are called on people to vote for or against federal and prohibiting all-cash sales above certain candidates. thresholds would help create transparency in increasingly bombarding citizens across the country. While charities and foundations organized this sector. under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. tax code— AN EXPLOSION OF POLITICAL DARK MONEY The fact that we don’t know exactly how the types of nonprofits to which you may much foreign dark money is being channeled Dark money groups are influential in part make tax-deductible contributions—are still into U.S. politics is precisely why we need to because they aim to define candidates and prohibited from engaging in electoral poli- reduce our vulnerabilities. There is ample issues before, during and after an election. tics, the Citizens United ruling allowed cer- evidence of dark money penetrating other Thus, even if their preferred candidates lose, tain other nonprofits—most notably 501(c)(4) democracies, and no reason to believe we are the issues that define the election are ‘‘social welfare’’ organizations and 501(c)(6) immune from this risk. In 2004, for example, aligned more closely with the labor unions, trade associations—to spend heavily in elec- Lithuania’s president was impeached after corporations, mega-donors and other special tions. the media disclosed that a Russian oligarch interests bankrolling these secretive groups. Unlike political candidates, parties or po- who contributed to his campaign later re- According to the Center for Responsive litical action committees, these nonprofits ceived Lithuanian citizenship. Just this past Politics, dark money groups reported spend- are generally not required to disclose their January, in Montenegro, a local politician ing more than $800 million on campaign-re- donors, meaning the public is frequently left was charged with laundering Russian funds lated activities to the FEC between January in the dark about who is funding the ads that to support a pro-Russian political party. In 2010 and December 2016 (the last full election are trying to influence their votes. Australia, an intelligence report leaked in cycle). What is less known is that this surge 2017 exposed pervasive Chinese financial in- of opaque spending has been incredibly con- DARK MONEY DONORS REVEALED fluence in the country’s domestic politics. centrated: Issue One’s new analysis shows To paint as comprehensive a picture as Similar allegations recently surfaced in New that the top 15 dark money groups accounted possible about what interests have Zealand. for three-fourths of this spending—more bankrolled the top 15 dark money groups As we take on the threats posed by cyber than $600 million. since Citizens United, Issue One searched ob- attacks and disinformation from foreign ac- The U.S. Chamber of Commerce—the na- scure public records for information that has tors, we can’t ignore the threat posed by for- tion’s largest lobbying organization for busi- essentially been hiding in plain sight. eign dark money. With a new Congress about nesses—alone has spent approximately $130 To this end, Issue One reviewed FEC fil- to be sworn in, there’s an opportunity to fi- million on political advertisements since ings, tax returns, annual reports submitted nally end the permissive environment for Citizens United. That’s about $1 of every $6 by labor unions to the Department of Labor, foreign dark money in this country. Cam- spent on political ads by dark money groups documents submitted to Congress by reg- paign finance reform is certainly a necessary between 2010 and 2016. istered lobbyists, corporate filings, press re- part of the solution, but so too is disclosure Other major dark money players in this leases and other sources. (See Appendix 2: of beneficial ownership and greater trans- top 15 list—each of which reported spending Methodology for a more detailed descrip- parency in real estate transactions. As mat- at least $10 million on political activities to tion.)

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.011 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7465 These methods frequently led Issue One to Trump administration allows groups to We will soon—probably in January be able to identify transactions—and do- hide the identities of their donors. It but early on—we will see a bill coming nors—that have never previously been asso- allows big corporations and wealthy in- over to the Senate from the new Demo- ciated with these dark money groups. dividuals to inappropriately influence cratic majority in the House of Rep- Here are some of the highlights of what we learned: elections by contributing to outside resentatives because their No. 1 pri- Companies and labor unions are among the groups in secret. This amounts to un- ority is electoral reform, including get- donors identified by this research. limited corporate political spending, ting rid of secret money, making sure For instance, while the U.S. Chamber of effectively silencing the voices of ev- the public has that right to know who Commerce does not publicly reveal its do- eryday voters. is bankrolling these entities. nors, Issue One found that nearly 100 blue- Under this President, the Internal What the Treasury Department did chip companies have voluntarily disclosed Revenue Service is looking out for took us in the opposite direction. Cur- their own dues payments to the trade asso- wealthy donors rather than hard-work- rently, 501(c)(4) organizations have to ciation. The Dow Chemical Co. alone has contributed about $13.5 million to the U.S. ing, middle-class voters. report to the IRS the information Chamber of Commerce in recent years, while I strongly support today’s action to about their donors, but currently the health insurer Aetna Inc. has contributed overturn this rule. We need to reform IRS keeps that information confiden- $5.3 million and oil giant Chevron Corp. has our campaign finance system, improve tial. It does not share it with the pub- contributed $4.5 million. disclosures and transparency, and re- lic. We should share it with the public, Meanwhile, Issue One found that gun man- store the voice of the people in the and that is what the DISCLOSE Act ufacturer Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. has con- democratic process. that the House will pass will do. tributed more than $12 million in recent Michigan voters deserve to know who What this Treasury rule does is it years to the National Rifle Association, takes us in the opposite direction. It while tobacco company Reynolds American is behind the money being spent in our Inc. has contributed substantial sums to elections. We must take steps to im- says to those 501(c)(4)s that they no three major dark money groups in recent prove transparency and restore trust in longer even have to provide that infor- years: $275,000 to Americans for Tax Reform, our electoral system. Above all, we mation to the Treasury Department on $61,000 to Americans for Prosperity and at must ensure that every American has a confidential basis. So it heads in the least $50,000 to the U.S. Chamber of Com- an equal say in our elections, regard- wrong direction. It is especially out- merce. less of their means. The right of every rageous because it will take away one At the same time, Issue One found that citizen to make their voice heard at of the key tools the Treasury Depart- labor unions accounted for about $1 of every $8 raised between July 2009 and June 2017 by the ballot box is the very foundation of ment has to prevent foreign money a dark money group known as the VoteVets our democracy. I will continue to fight from being spent in our elections, be- Action Fund—which has touted itself as the to ensure that the voices of Michigan cause right now that information is ‘‘largest progressive organization of veterans families aren’t being drowned out by made available to the Department of in the United States,’’ In all, the VoteVets big corporations or wealthy individuals the Treasury. Action Fund raised more than $5.6 million with limitless resources who are trying If you are a 501(c)(4), you have to con- during this time from labor unions, with sig- to buy elections and the outcomes. fidentially report who is giving you nificant union donors including the Amer- We should be working to bring trans- money and how much. Now the Treas- ican Federation of Government Employees, ury Department says: We don’t want the United Association of Journeymen and parency to our political system, not Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fit- shielding special interest groups, big that information. We don’t want to see ting Industry and the American Federation donors, and this administration’s polit- anything. We don’t want to know if of State, County and Municipal Employees ical allies. I will support today’s IRS foreign governments are putting (AFSCME). dark money rule CRA, and I urge my money into 501(c)(4)s. We don’t want to Issue One’s analysis additionally revealed colleagues to join me in giving the know if the primary purpose of these that more than two dozen of the nation’s power back to the American people. funds is for electing or defeating can- largest trade associations have contributed I yield the floor to the distinguished didates as opposed to social welfare— to many of the top dark money groups in re- Senator from Maryland. which is the requirement for a 501(c)(4) cent years. Some have even contributed to three, four or five of the top 15 dark money Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I organization under our law. groups since Citizens United. rise in strong support of the resolution I think a lot of people are wondering For instance, the American Petroleum In- sponsored by Senators TESTER and why it is that this administration—and stitute (API), the Motion Picture Associa- WYDEN to overturn the Treasury De- now maybe the Senate—wants to actu- tion of America (MPAA) and Pharmaceutical partment rule. ally cover up for those who want to Research and Manufacturers of America We have heard loud and clear from spend their money secretly to try to (PhRMA) each contributed to five of the top the American people that they are sick elect or defeat candidates. One thing 15 dark money groups during the past eight and tired of the hundreds of millions of we know is that across the board, years. PhRMA alone, in recent years, has contrib- dollars of special interest money going whether they are Republicans or Demo- uted $12 million to the American Action Net- into our elections. They are especially crats or Independents, Americans be- work—a dark money group launched in 2010 sick and tired of all of the secret dark lieve—and I agree with them—that by former Sen. Norm Coleman (R–MN) and money going into our elections. they have a right to know who is GOP fundraiser Fred Malek. What do I mean by that? I mean spending all of that money to try to in- Another large donor identified on the other when wealthy individuals can con- fluence their vote. So let’s pass this side of the ideological spectrum: The Susan tribute to organizations and the Amer- resolution to overturn the Treasury Thompson Buffett Foundation, a private ican public has no idea who those indi- rule in defense of secret money, when foundation that is primarily funded by bil- lionaire investor Warren Buffett and that is viduals are, while those organizations we need more transparency and more named for his late wife. The Susan Thomp- go on to spend hundreds of millions of accountability. son Buffett Foundation has contributed $26 dollars to try to influence the votes of I yield the floor. million to the Planned Parenthood Action our fellow Americans. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SUL- Fund since 2012, earmarking these funds for We have all seen those commercials LIVAN). The Senator from Utah. ‘‘the charitable purpose of reproductive that come on TV that say they are FAREWELL TO THE SENATE health advocacy.’’ sponsored by the Committee for a Bet- Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, for more Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I ter America, the Committee to Support than four decades, I have had the dis- yield the floor to the distinguished Mom and Apple Pie, and the public tinct privilege of serving in the United Senator from Michigan. wants to know and has a right to know States Senate—what some have called The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who is spending all of that money to the world’s greatest deliberative body. ator from Michigan. try to influence their votes. Speaking on the Senate floor, debating Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, I rise The vehicle of choice for these shad- legislation in committee, corralling today in support of overturning the owy, dark money organizations has the support of our colleagues on com- Treasury Department’s rule that will been organizing their entities under promise legislation—these are the mo- allow even more dark money into our section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Rev- ments I will miss. These are memories political process. This action by the enue Code. I will cherish forever.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.012 S12DEPT1 S7466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 To address this body is to experience by choosing friendship over party loy- ever there were a time in our history a singular feeling—a sense that you are alty, we were able to pass some of the to heed the better angels of our nature, a part of something bigger than your- most important and significant bipar- I think it is now. self, a minor character in the grand tisan achievements of modern times— How can we answer Lincoln’s call to narrative that is America. No matter from the Americans with Disabilities our better angels? In the last year, I how often I come to speak at this lec- Act and the Religious Freedom Res- have devoted significant time and en- tern, I experience that feeling again toration Act to the Ryan White bill ergy to answering that question. and again. and the State Children’s Health Insur- Today, I wish to put flesh on the bones But today, if I am being honest, I ance Program. These are very impor- of Lincoln’s appeal. also feel sadness. Indeed, my heart is tant bills, and we were able to work to- Our challenge is to rise above the din heavy because it aches for the times gether even though we differed widely and divisiveness of today’s politics. It when we actually lived up to our rep- on politics. is to tune out the noise and tune into utation as the world’s greatest delib- Nine years after Teddy’s passing, it is reason. It is to choose patience over erative body. It longs for the days in worth asking: Could a relationship like impulse and fact over feeling. It is to which Democrats and Republicans this even exist in today’s Senate? reacquaint ourselves with wisdom by would meet on middle ground rather Could two people with polar-opposite returning to core principles. than retreat to partisan trenches. beliefs and from vastly different walks Today, allow me to offer a prescrip- Now, some may say I am waxing nos- of life come together as often as Teddy tion for what ails us politically. Allow talgic—yearning, as old men often do, and I did for the good of the country? me to share just a few ideas that, when for some golden age that never existed. Or are we too busy attacking each put into practice, could help us not They would be wrong. The Senate I other to even consider friendship with only fix the Senate but put our Nation have described is not some fairy tale the other side? back on the right path. Heeding our better angels begins but the reality we once knew. Many factors contribute to the cur- Having served as a Senator for nearly rent dysfunction, but if I were to iden- with civility. While our politics have always been contentious, an underlying 42 years, I can tell you this particular tify the root of the crisis, it would be commitment to civility has been im- thing: Things weren’t always as they this: the loss of comity and genuine portant and held together the tenuous are now. I was here when this body was good feeling among Senate colleagues. marriage of right and left, but the at its best. I was here when the regular Comity is the cartilage of the Senate, steady disintegration of public dis- order was the norm, when legislation the soft connective tissue that cush- course has weakened that marriage, was debated in committee, and when ions impact between opposing joints, calling into question the very viability Members worked constructively with but in recent years, that cartilage has of the American experiment. been ground to a nub, and I think most one another for the good of the coun- As the partisan divide deepens, one try. I was here when we could say with- of us feel that. We have actually seen it thing becomes increasingly clear: We out any hint of irony that we were happen. All movement has become cannot continue on the current course. Members of the world’s greatest delib- bone-on-bone. Unless we take meaningful steps to re- Our ideas grate against each other erative body. store civility, the culture wars will with increasing frequency and with Times have changed. Over the last push us ever closer to national divorce. several years, I have witnessed the sub- nothing to absorb the friction. We hob- We would do well to remember that version of Senate rules, the abandon- ble to get any bipartisan legislation to without civility, there is no civiliza- ment of regular order, and the full- the Senate floor, much less to the tion. Civility is the indispensable polit- scale deterioration of the judicial con- President’s desk. The pain is excru- ical norm—the protective law between firmation process. Polarization has os- ciating, and it is felt by the entire Na- order and chaos. But, more than once, sified. Gridlock is the new norm. And, tion. that wall has been breached. like the humidity here, partisanship We must remember that our dysfunc- Consider recent events: the pipe permeates everything we do. tion is not confined to the Capitol. It bomb plot in the midterm election, the On both the left and the right, the ripples far beyond these walls—to terrorist attack in Charlottesville last bar of decency has been set so low that every State, to every town, and to year, and the shooting at the congres- jumping over it is no longer the objec- every street corner in America. The sional baseball practice before that. tive. ‘‘Limbo’’ is the new name of the Senate sets the tone of American civic These are stark reminders that hateful game. How low can you go? The an- life. We don’t mirror the political cul- rhetoric, if left to ferment, becomes vi- swer, it seems, is always lower. ture as much as we make it. It is in- olence. All the evidence points to an unset- cumbent on us, then, to move the cul- Restoring civility requires that each tling truth: The Senate as an institu- ture in a positive direction, keeping in of us speak responsibly. That means tion is in crisis, or at least may be in mind that everything we do here has a the President, that means Congress, crisis. The committee process lies in trickle-down effect. If we are divided, and that means everyone listening shambles, regular order is a relic of the then the Nation is divided. If we aban- today. We live in a media environment past, and compromise—once the guid- don civility, then our constituents will that favors outrage over reason and hy- ing credo of this great institution—is follow. perbole over truth. The loudest voices, now synonymous with surrender. So to mend the Nation, we must first not the wisest ones, now dictate the Since I first came to the Senate in mend the Senate. We must restore the terms of the public debate. For evi- 1977, the culture of this place has shift- culture of comity, compromise, and dence, simply turn on the TV, but be ed fundamentally—and not for the bet- mutual respect that used to exist sure to turn down the volume. ter, in my opinion. Here, there used to here—and still does, in some respects. The media deserves some culpability be a level of congeniality and kinship Both in our personal and public con- in creating this environment by adopt- among colleagues that was hard to find duct, we must be the very change we ing outrage as a business model, but we anywhere else. In those days, I counted want to see in the country. We must are complicit when we use words to Democrats among my very best not be enemies but friends. Though provoke rather than to persuade, to di- friends. One moment we would be lock- passion may have strained, it must not vide rather than to unite. We only ing horns on the Senate floor, and the break our bonds of affection. make the problem worse when the ob- next we would be breaking bread to- ‘‘The mystic chords of memory will ject of our discourse becomes to belit- gether over family dinner. swell when again touched . . . by the tle the other side—to own the libs, for My unlikely friendship with the late better angels of our nature.’’ These are example, or to disparage the Senator Ted Kennedy embodied the not my words but the words of Presi- deplorables. If you are looking to con- spirit of goodwill and collegiality that dent Abraham Lincoln. They come vert someone to your side, humiliating used to live and thrive here. Teddy and from a heartfelt plea he made to the them is probably not the best place to I were a case study in contradictions. American people long ago on the eve of start. Who among us would make He was a dyed-in-the-wool liberal Dem- the Civil War. Lincoln’s admonition is friends with the same person who ocrat. I was a resolute Republican. But just as timely today as it was then. If would make him a fool?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.013 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7467 Put simply, pettiness is not a polit- that I am most pleased with and the always be, the United States of Amer- ical strategy. It is the opposite of per- one that I hope will most define my ica. While that name has always been suasion, which should be the ultimate legacy is the Religious Freedom Res- more aspirational than descriptive, it aim of our dialogue. Our better angels toration Act. Religious liberty is a fun- at least gives us an ideal to strive for. call on us to persuade through gentle damental freedom. It deserves the very To achieve the unity that is our reason. They call on us to inspire and highest protection our country can namesake, we must reject the politics unite rather than to provoke and in- provide. of division, starting with identity poli- cite. In short, they call on us to em- At the same time, it is also impor- tics. Identity politics is nothing more brace civility. tant to take account of other interests than dressed-up tribalism. It is the de- In addition to embracing civility, we as well, especially those of our LGBTQ liberate and often unnatural segrega- must rediscover a forgotten virtue, one brothers and sisters. We are in the tion of people into categories for polit- that lies at the heart of our Nation’s process now of working out the rela- ical gain. This practice conditions us founding—pluralism. Pluralism is the tionship between religious liberty and to define ourselves and each other by adhesive that holds together the great the rights of LGBTQ individuals here the groups to which we belong—in American mosaic. It is the idea that we in America. There are some who would other words, the things that divide us can actually be united by our dif- treat this issue as a zero-sum game, rather than unite us. ferences, not in spite of them. who would make the religious commu- When institutionalized, identity poli- In a pluralist society, we can be polar nity and LGBTQ advocates into adver- tics causes us to lose sight of our opposites in every respect yet still as- saries. In my opinion, this is a mis- shared values. In time, we come to see sociate freely with one another. I can take. each other not as fellow Americans be White, conservative, and Christian, Pluralism shows us a better way. It united by common purpose but as op- and my friend can be Black, progres- shows us that protecting religious lib- posing members of increasingly narrow sive, and Muslim. We can be different erty and preserving the rights of social subgroups, and thus begins the but united precisely because we are LGBTQ individuals are not mutually long descent into intersectional hell. united by our right to be different. exclusive. I believe we can find sub- Our better angels call on us to resist That, in a nutshell, is pluralism. stantial common ground on these identity politics by recommitting our- Pluralism is the alchemy that issues that will enable us to both safe- selves to the American idea, the idea makes, out of many, one possible. It is guard the ability of religious individ- that our immutable characteristics do the means by which we have been able uals to live their faith and protect not define us. It is the idea that all of to weave together the disparate LGBTQ individuals from invidious dis- us—regardless of color, class, or threads of a diverse society more suc- crimination. We must honor the rights creed—are equal and that we can work cessfully than any other nation on of both believers and LGBTQ individ- together to build a more perfect union. Earth. At the heart of pluralism is the uals. We must, in short, find a path for- When we heed this call, we can achieve understanding that our country was ward that promotes fairness for all. My unity, and ideas—not identity—can re- personal religious beliefs require that, built not on a collection of common sume their rightful place in our public and I surely want to live up to those characteristics but on a common pur- discourse. beliefs. This is the last request I will ever pose. In my home State, we were able to make from this lectern—that as a Sen- When we approach political problems strike such a balance with the historic ate and as a nation, we listen to our from a pluralist perspective, we recog- Utah compromise, a bipartisan anti- better angels; that we recommit our- nize that the majority of our disagree- discrimination law that both strength- selves to comity; that we restore civil- ments are not matters of good versus ened religious freedoms and offered ity to the public discourse; that we em- evil but good versus good. Pluralism special protections to the LBGTQ com- brace wholeheartedly the principles of acknowledges that there is more than munity. No doubt we can replicate that pluralism; and that we strive for unity one way to achieve the good life, if you same success on a Federal level. That by rejecting the rhetoric of division. will. Accordingly, it seeks to accom- is why, as one of my final acts as a U.S. When we heed our better angels— modate different conceptions of the Senator, I challenge my colleagues to when we harken to the voices of virtue good rather than pit them against each find a way to compromise on this cru- native to our very nature—we can other. cially important issue—a compromise transcend our tribal instincts and pre- The adversary of pluralism is zero- that is true to our founding principles serve our democracy for future genera- sum politics, which we embrace at our and that is fair to all Americans. tions. That we may do so is my humble own peril. Zero-sum politics tempts us Our better angels invite us to walk prayer. to view life through an absolutist the path of civility and to embrace the Before I close, let my parting words prism, one that filters all nuance and principles of pluralism. Above all, they be words of gratitude. There are count- recasts everything as an either-or fal- call on us to strive for unity. Before less people I personally need to thank, lacy. This distorted way of thinking President Lincoln beckoned us to our but first and foremost, I wish to thank renders every policy squabble as a better angels, he warned that a nation the good people of Utah. Without you, Manichaean struggle for the soul of the divided against itself cannot stand. I could have accomplished nothing. The country. If the Republican tax bill That warning is especially relevant in landmark reforms that I have helped to passes, it will be Armageddon. If a our time. Today, our house is as di- pass in Congress have always been a Democrat takes the White House, it vided as at any time since the Civil joint effort, drafted by me under con- will be the end of America as we know War. stant guidance from people like you. In it. It is funny how these prophecies Each year, red and blue America that sense, the legislative legacy I never come to fruition. drifts further apart. As progressives leave behind is not mine but ours. That Answering the call to our better an- move to the coasts and conservatives goes for my colleagues here as well. gels requires us to reject zero-sum poli- retreat to the interior—to the center of Representing the Beehive State has tics in favor of pluralism. It requires us the country—we are finding that a lot been the privilege of a lifetime. Thank to make room for nuance and to see of difficulties have arisen, and they are you for allowing me to do so for 42 our differences not as competing but as not easy to solve. We increasingly sort years. That is a long time—the longest complementary. ourselves by geography. We also sort service of any Republican. Nowhere is the pluralist approach ourselves by ideology, with media diets I likewise wish to thank my family— more needed than in the fraught rela- catered to quiet our cognitive dis- my dear wife Elaine and our six chil- tionship between religious liberty and sonance and confirm our preconceived dren, who have stood by me through LGBTQ rights. As my colleagues know, notions. It is a sad consequence of the thick and thin. I have made religious liberty a priority Information Age that Americans can Of course, I wish to thank my con- of my public service. Of all the hun- now live in the same city but inhabit gressional colleagues, especially Lead- dreds of pieces of legislation I have completely different worlds. er MCCONNELL and Speaker RYAN, and passed—and I have passed a lot during Something has to give; the status the countless other public servants, in- my 42 years in the Senate—the one quo cannot hold. These are, and should cluding my friends on the Democratic

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.015 S12DEPT1 S7468 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 side, as well, whom I have had the Before I get even more sentimental, I am telling you—the chairman remem- privilege of working with over the note that this is a final floor speech, bers this—Senator Kennedy and ORRIN years. These are friendships I will not a final goodbye. Three weeks from HATCH got down right away to duking treasure forever. now, I will no longer hold office, but I it out. They were duking it out over I also wish to thank my protective will continue to hold a special place in labor law and all kinds of things, but detail—the 20-plus men and women who my heart for all of you, for all of my they began to develop a mutual re- have worked day and night to keep me colleagues. I look forward to con- spect. I am going to close by reading safe over the years. These officers are tinuing these special friendships even what Senator Kennedy said about like family to me. long after I have left the Senate. ORRIN HATCH. As all of you know, a Senator is only I want to thank everybody in the Senator Kennedy said: We are beyond as good as his staff, which is why I Senate, all of the staff members, all of the point where we let our differences need to recognize mine today. My Fi- the law enforcement people, all of the get in the way of opportunities for nance Committee staff is unequaled. people who have provided us with progress. We have just learned it is a Led by Jeff Wrase, it has helped me ac- knowledge and ability. I want God to lot easier to work together than it is to complish things I never could have ac- bless all of you. fight each other. complished on my own. May God bless the Senate, and may Senator Kennedy said: In particular, I wish to thank my He bless the United States of America. We have differences in terms of perhaps personal staff—the countless men and With that, I yield the floor. how we achieve the objectives, but I don’t women who have served alongside me (Applause, Senators rising.) really feel that I have a difference with Orrin over the years. Because of you, I have in terms of what the objectives ought to be. Thank you very much. If you build upon that kind of understanding been able to pass more bills into law The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and respect, you get a lot of things done. than any legislator alive today. Thank ator from Oregon. Colleagues, I am telling you, if you Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President and col- you. I love you all. look at 2017 and 2018, for the millions of Let me take a moment to recognize leagues, we have so many waiting to kids who will benefit from the 10-year them personally. Thanks to my chief of speak about our friend Chairman Children’s Health Insurance Program, staff, Matt Sandgren, I am ending this HATCH that I am going to be very brief. the scores of families who are going to If you are to talk about the Chair- term on a crescendo of legislative ac- benefit from the foster care dreams man’s record over the last 42 years, we tivity, having introduced more bills Marian Wright Edelman has been would be here for months and months this Congress than at any other time dreaming about, and the millions of on end. during my Senate service. In the last 2 seniors who will benefit from updating I wish to say, if you had told this years, we have also enacted a historic the Medicare guarantee, that came number of bills into law. My staff has body or the country in the winter of about because Chairman HATCH looked 2017 that you would pass in this Con- not let up in the final stretch, not one at Senator Kennedy’s words, and he has gress a bipartisan 10-year reauthoriza- bit. We have been a legislative power- continued that tradition in the Fi- tion of the Children’s Health Insurance house to the very end, and I have to nance Committee today. I just want Program—we have plenty of Finance thank Matt Sandgren for his efforts in him to know how much we appreciate members here—you would have been that regard. I have had many chiefs of that work. staff, and I have loved all of them, but charged with hallucinating. People It is going to matter, Mr. Chairman, I think I saved, maybe, the best for would have said: No way; it couldn’t for millions of people from sea to shin- last. possibly happen. ing sea, and I thank you for the oppor- My Utah staff has also played a crit- If you had said in the winter of 2017 tunity to pursue those opportunities ical role in my legislative success. A that you were going to pass a major set with you. huge thank-you goes to Melanie of reforms on foster care—reforms that I yield the floor, and I look forward Bowen, Sharon Garn, Annette Riley, Marian Wright Edelman of the Chil- to hearing from my colleagues. Heather Barney, Sean Firth, Cloe dren’s Defense Fund has been dreaming The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Nixon, Jessa Reed, Ron Dean, Matt about for decades—they would simply ator from Utah. Hurst, Nathan Jackson, Courtney have said: That is impossible. It Mr. LEE. Mr. President, it is with Brinkerhoff, and Emily Wilson. couldn’t possibly happen. You are hal- mixed emotions that I stand today to Here in DC, a huge thank-you goes to lucinating. honor my friend, my colleague, and my Matt Jensen, James Williams, Matt Colleagues, listen to this. If you had mentor, the senior Senator, the Sen- Whitlock, Corey Messervy, Ruth Mon- said in the winter of 2017 that you were ator from Utah, ORRIN HATCH. toya, Celeste Gold, Sam Lyman, Chris going to start a transformation of This year marks the end of an out- Bates, Peter Carey, Brendan Chestnut, Medicare with over 50 million seniors— standing 42-year tenure serving the Kristin McLintock, Jacob Olidort, Ally a transformation from a program that people of Utah in the U.S. Senate. In Riding, Dianne Browning, Heather traditionally used to be about acute ill- that time, Senator HATCH has made an Campbell, Nick Clason, Jeff Finegan, ness and now is largely about chronic indelible mark on our State, on the Will Holloway, Rick James, Bailee illness: cancer, diabetes, heart disease, U.S. Senate, and on this Nation. Flitton, Abdul Kalumbi, Monique and stroke—if you had said in 2017 that People who follow Washington poli- Laing, Karen LaMontagne, Keri Lyn you were going to transform Medicare tics closely know, of course, what he Michalke, Romel Nicholas, Lauren to update the Medicare guarantee to has meant to this institution and also Paulos, Jordan Roberts, Margo Rob- help seniors, once again, they would to his party, to his State, and to the bins, and Samantha Ryals. This truly have said: Impossible. Republic. But for those of us from is the best staff on Capitol Hill, in my Colleagues, that has happened in this Utah, ORRIN HATCH is more than just a opinion. Congress because Chairman HATCH was prominent name in the news; he is a Last, and perhaps most importantly, willing to reach across the aisle, and towering political figure, not only of I wish to thank my Father in Heaven, now millions of kids, millions of sen- his generation but also of the genera- who has allowed me to serve much iors, and families from sea to shining tions that have come along in his wake longer than my detractors would have sea for whom the foster care system and that will follow. hoped. Each time I walk into this didn’t work are now going to be able to Many Utahns can’t remember a time Chamber, I am humbled by the sym- have a better path. before ORRIN HATCH was serving, lead- bolic significance of it all. I am re- I am going to close my remarks—I ing, and speaking out for us in Wash- minded of a passage of scripture, one of know so many colleagues want to ington. One of the great privileges of my favorites: For of him unto whom speak—by quoting Senator Kennedy. my young life was the opportunity to much is given, much is required. Truly, As you know, Senator Kennedy had a serve as his page when I was a teen- God has given me so much. In return, I long friendship with ORRIN HATCH. In ager. He was then, as now, one of the have tried to give back as much as I 1981, Chairman HATCH took the gavel of leaders of the Senate—not only a polit- could. I hope He will accept my best ef- what was called the Senate Labor and ical role model but a role model, pe- forts. Human Resources Committee. And I riod; outspoken but always thoughtful;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:35 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.016 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7469 honest but always gentle; tough when and devotion to that noble cause. for 61 years. Together, they have 6 chil- he had to be and kind even when he Against all odds and with a whole lot dren, 23 grandchildren, and 24 great- didn’t have to be. of work from ORRIN, from his family, grandchildren. They are his proudest One of my fondest memories of Sen- and from his faithful band of sup- achievements, and he credits their love ator HATCH was something that oc- porters, HATCH beat the incumbent as his key to success. curred a couple of years after I was his Democrat by a solid margin. Thus Despite decades at the very pinnacle page. I was maybe 18 years old or so. I began his long and now famous career of American Government, ORRIN be- was in Salt Lake City attending the in the Senate and his many years of lieves the most important years of his semiannual General Conference of the striving to serve the interests of Utah life were the two spent serving as a Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day and the Nation. For more than four missionary in the Great Lakes Mission Saints in the tabernacle at Temple decades, ORRIN has not only been en- of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Square. I happened to be sitting with gaging in the great debates of his time, day Saints. my family—with my parents and sib- he has been leading them. As Senator HATCH mentioned in re- lings—just a row behind Senator HATCH As I see it, the thread that runs cent remarks, an article of our faith is and his family. through Senator HATCH’s politics is that ‘‘if there is anything virtuous, Toward the end of the meeting, it trust—his trust in the American peo- lovely, or of good report or praise- was time for Senator HATCH to catch ple, his trust in the Constitution of the worthy, we seek after these things.’’ his plane to go back to Washington, United States, his trust in this great And this is, indeed, how ORRIN HATCH where he was representing our State so institution that is the U.S. Senate. has lived his life and the way in which faithfully. When he turned around and That trust of consumers, producers, he has faithfully served God, family, saw me there, he stopped, recognizing workers, and families is why he is such his country, and his State. me. He took the cuff links right off of an effective advocate for the free enter- Utah and the United States of Amer- his shirt—they had the seal of the U.S. prise economy. It is why he sponsored ica as a whole are better off for his Senate on them—and he handed them a balanced budget amendment to the service since he decided to run for the to me as a gift. I felt like and was at U.S. Constitution some 17 times and Senate all those years ago. I am grate- that moment the luckiest kid in the whence his nickname ‘‘Mr. Balanced ful for all the time he has dedicated to world. I felt just like a rock star had Budget’’ from Ronald Reagan origi- the State of Utah and for the personal handed me his guitar after a sold-out nated. encouragement he has given me. And concert. That is how I felt at the con- In shepherding the historic tax re- from the time that I was his page to ference that day. form law we passed last year, Senator the past years that I have also been his Of course, ORRIN HATCH’s career HATCH adopted an inclusive, open- colleague in the U.S. Senate, it has stretches back much further than that. minded approach that succeeded spe- been an honor to serve with him. In 1976, the political landscape of the cifically because he trusted his col- I yield the floor. United States was very different than leagues, because he invited them into The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- it is today. We were plagued at that the process and he allowed them to ator from Oklahoma. time with double-digit inflation, high make their own mark on that legisla- interest rates, growing unemployment, tion. He trusted his colleagues, and it Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I have and a diminishing military. America worked. bad news and good news. The bad news was still reeling from the war in Viet- His work in the 1980s helping to cre- is that it was suggested to me that nam and from the Watergate scandal. ate the modern generic drug industry there is some type of a rule at a time At the same time, Congress was rap- was based on the same principle—trust- like this where the senior person in the idly expanding the Federal budget with ing the American people and the Amer- Chamber speaks next, and that is me. little or no regard for the future debt it ican economy to make good decisions The good news is that it is short, and was racking up. Washington was gov- for individuals, for families, and for the reason is because I didn’t really erned by the belief that government their healthcare. think about this until I came down was the answer to every problem and We all know the honors and acco- here to watch Senator HATCH. that ordinary Americans could not be lades. They include President pro tem- I remember so well that long before I trusted to make decisions by them- pore and being a recipient of the Presi- was in the House—ORRIN, long before selves. dential Medal of Freedom. But ORRIN then—you were the guy I always lis- It was in this environment that would be the first to tell you that the tened to. You would get phone calls ORRIN HATCH, without any previous po- real legislative legacy he leaves behind from some obscure State senator out in litical experience, without having held is the work of a Senator who has spon- Oklahoma who was complimenting previous political office or, according sored more bills that have become law you. You might even remember one to experts, much chance of success, than any other lawmaker alive today. time when you and I put something to- stepped up, and he stepped up in a very Look at the stamp he leaves on the gether where we were going to balance big way. Senate Judiciary Committee alone, for the budget and pass an amendment As he wrote in one of his memoirs, ‘‘I example. Not just landmark legislation that we knew would pass because we could not escape the powerful and per- like the Religious Freedom Restora- were going to confirm everything be- sistent belief that my state and coun- tion Act, which guarantees robust pro- fore we got it passed, and that was a try were in serious trouble, headed tections for all Americans to live, brilliant idea that didn’t work. Never- down a dangerous and destructive path, work, and worship according to their theless, we talked quite often about and that if given a chance, I could beliefs—this legislation itself leaves things, and you were the one I looked make a difference. I felt it was my behind a solid, proud legacy, one that up to. duty, my responsibility, to run and at will last for generations. Just within The same thing happened. You had a least give voice to my concerns and my the Senate Judiciary Committee alone, way. When I was in the House, I would ideas for remedying what was wrong. It Senator HATCH has also been involved see you more than anyone else during was my obligation to give the voters in the selection and confirmation of the annual National Prayer Breakfast. another choice.’’ Federal judges not just in Utah but You would be active on that from the So ORRIN—the son of a tradesman, across the country, and every current Senate, and I would be from the House. who grew up during the Great Depres- member and many past members of the So you kind of had a way of saying sion in a ramshackle house built from U.S. Supreme Court. That, too, is a leg- things differently, the things you have recycled lumber—did just that. He de- acy which will far outlast his time in heard many times before that you fied the pundits, and he took the the Senate still by many, many dec- don’t realize you have been wrong on plunge. From his first campaign in ades. all the time. You did it a few minutes 1976, ORRIN understood that Utahns Yet, despite all the history ORRIN has ago when you talked about Lincoln. wanted the country to go in a different made in Washington, his story is even You talked about ‘‘the House divided direction, and he was ready to offer his more impressive. He has been a loving against itself’’ and drew that relation- service and the full energy of his heart and devoted husband to his wife Elaine ship to what is happening today.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:35 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.018 S12DEPT1 S7470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 You said it. When you talk, you are commented, Senator HATCH’s record of children, by last count, have much to talking history, and it meant some- having passed more legislation than be proud of as well. thing different than anything I had any Senator alive today is one that ORRIN HATCH has compiled an ex- ever seen. The Scripture you have demonstrates his commitment to traordinary record on issues ranging quoted, ‘‘To whom much is given, much bridging the partisan divides to achieve from tax reform, education, national is expected,’’ I didn’t think about that. and advance the common good and to defense, scientific research, criminal I just want to tell you, you have been improve the lives of Americans. justice, and healthcare. In fact, it is given a lot and a lot was expected and I have known and admired ORRIN difficult to think of an issue where he you surpassed all expectations. HATCH for nearly all of his time in the has not left his mark. He is a dedicated I am going to wind up here with an Senate. I was on the staff of Senator advocate of our Senate traditions and a experience I had a week ago today that Bill Cohen, who joined the Senate in fierce defender of our Constitution. His was, I think, a violation of our rules, 1979, just 2 years after Senator HATCH. wide-ranging accomplishments are but I occasionally do that anyway. I re- I saw from the start, as a staffer ob- united by a commitment to always member my junior Senator, JAMES serving Senator HATCH, that this gen- move our country forward. LANKFORD, who said something at the tleman from Utah was brilliant, he was ORRIN, our Nation is so grateful for conclusion of your remarks a week ago. kind, and he was devoted to his duty to your service, and I am so grateful for He said: I have been here 3 or 4 years, serve others. He truly is one who leads your wise counsel, mentorship, and and I don’t remember one time that I by example. friendship over the years. I offer my have seen ORRIN HATCH when he didn’t Senator HATCH has placed careful best wishes to you and to Elaine for encourage me and tell me I was a very consideration and compromise above many years to come. special person, and I will always re- partisan politics, time and again. From Thank you. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- member that. the landmark legislation to create the When he said that, I began thinking. State Children’s Health Insurance Pro- ator from Wyoming. Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, as this ses- I have been here about 24 years, and I gram, during my very first year in the sion of Congress draws to a close, it can’t think of one time you haven’t Senate, to the recent tax reform law to provides us with an opportunity to ac- been encouraging and an encouraging strengthen our economy and grow jobs, knowledge and express our apprecia- I have had the great pleasure to work voice. I would come to a conclusion tion to those Members of the Senate with this remarkable leader. that there is a reason for this. You re- who will be retiring in just a few In fact, I remember my freshman flect, as much as anyone I can think of, weeks. One of those Senators who is re- year in the Senate when Senator the civility and love of Jesus, and I can tiring and whose leadership and insti- HATCH came to see me in my office. He assure you, Jesus is very proud of you tutional knowledge will be missed is this morning. I love you. told me about his plan to expand my friend ORRIN HATCH of Utah. health insurance for the unserved chil- I yield the floor. I have known ORRIN since my first The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dren of our country. He said he was au- days 22 years ago in the Senate, and I ator from Maine. thoring the bill with Ted Kennedy, and much appreciated working with him Ms. COLLINS. Thank you, Mr. Presi- I thought, well, that is a surprising over the years. His mentoring, his dent. This September, at the height of combination, but then I learned it was guidance, his love, and his sharing of yet another contentious campaign sea- not; that he would work together with his faith have made a tremendous dif- son, Senator ORRIN HATCH authored an his colleagues on both sides of the aisle ference to me. op-ed for Time magazine which we to accomplish the goals he set. He in- He comes from a State that borders should all read. Its theme was reflected vited me to be one of the early cospon- my own. We are neighbors. As a west- in the remarks he delivered today in sors of that bill, and I was so flattered ern Senator, he has an understanding his farewell address to the U.S. Senate that this senior Member of the U.S. of what is truly important to the peo- and to our country. Senate would come to me, a mere ple in our neck of the woods and has With his combination of eloquence freshman, and invite me to join in co- fought to make this country better and straightforwardness that has en- sponsoring such legislation that has during his time in the Senate. lightened this Chamber for more than made such a difference for millions of Before I talk about his many accom- four decades, our colleague from Utah American children. plishments in public service, I want to called upon all Americans to embrace, In addition to his accomplishments acknowledge some of the other things as he put it, ‘‘the practice of true toler- as a legislator, Senator HATCH holds about him that have also been men- ance: respecting others’ beliefs even, or another record that is unsurpassed. In tioned, his life and role beyond the perhaps especially, when they differ 32 of his 42 years in the Senate, he has Senate. from our own.’’ been either the chairman or the rank- So often it is easy to gloss over Senator HATCH reminded us that our ing member of a major committee. He things that are important to Senators system of government, crafted by the is held in very high esteem by his col- personally. Sometimes it is easy to for- Founders with great wisdom and un- leagues. The Presidential Medal of get the men and women we know have derstanding of human nature, only Freedom that he was awarded in No- their lives that stretch beyond these works when we recognize ‘‘that the ma- vember acknowledges the gratitude the Halls. ORRIN has been married to his jority of our political disagreements American people have for his many wife Elaine for more than 60 years. He are not matters of good versus evil but contributions. is a father of 6, grandfather of 23, and good versus good,’’ as he put it. He con- There is another side of Senator currently has 24 great-grandchildren. cluded his important essay with these ORRIN HATCH. He is also a wonderfully He is an author and a man of many tal- words: ‘‘When we embrace these virtues talented musician and successful song- ents. It has been mentioned that he is fully, we can heal partisan divisions, writer. The beautiful song he cowrote a talented composer and musician and reinvigorate the public discourse and for the 2005 Presidential Inauguration, has both a gold and platinum record begin to realize the full potential of called ‘‘Heal the Land,’’ includes this from the Recording Industry Associa- American democracy.’’ line that describes the mission to tion of America. He has been instru- To our friend and colleague ORRIN which he has devoted his life: ‘‘Keep us mental in the musical world and has HATCH, those are not just words; rath- ever on the path of liberty.’’ been awarded an honorary Grammy. He er, they have represented his guiding Of all of his accomplishments, Sen- has been the main protector of copy- philosophy throughout his 42 years of ator HATCH is most proud of his family, rights. service in the U.S. Senate. They are as he mentioned today. He credits their ORRIN has dedicated his life to serv- why he is such an admired statesman love and support as the key to his suc- ing the people of Utah. He has always here in Washington, throughout our cess, and anyone who has met his won- worked for the best interests of Utah, Nation, and around the world. derful wife Elaine will have to concede and that includes Americans nation- They are why he is one of the most that Orrin has a point. His wife of more wide. effective legislators of modern times. than 60 years, their 6 children, 23 He has served in the Senate since 1977 As many of my colleagues have already grandchildren, and 24 great-grand- and since 2015 has been the President

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.019 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7471 pro tempore, where he can be seen pre- Elaine, whose unwavering love and support who serve our country and govern- siding during the opening of the Senate made all of this possible. ment, he is a shining example of ex- for daily business probably more than ORRIN has been a great source of actly what should cause them to keep any other President pro tempore of the strength and a great support for our faith for the future of this country. As Senate. party, and he will be missed. My wife long as we have men and women of the The numbers are in, and they are im- Diana joins me in sending our best character of ORRIN HATCH serving in pressive. He has served under seven wishes and appreciation to ORRIN and the U.S. Government, we have nothing Presidents, been a part of both the mi- Elaine. We wish them all the best as to worry about. nority and majority, and has served they have time to spend with their Let me just say to my friend ORRIN, the people of Utah and the U.S. Senate children, grandchildren, and great- thank you for being my friend. Thank for over 40 years. ORRIN has served in a grandchildren. Together, they have you for being a great example for all of variety of leadership roles and has been great examples of the importance us to emulate. There is nothing more helped America every step of the way. of public service, and we wish them the powerful in life than a good example, He has had the opportunity to serve as best in whatever adventure they choose as ORRIN has helped us realize. the chairman of three major Senate to pursue next. We wish you and Elaine and your committees—the Health, Education, ORRIN, it will be said that it was well family all the best. As the Scripture Labor, and Pensions Committee; the done, good and faithful servant. Happy says: You fought the good fight, you Judiciary Committee; and most re- trails. finished the race, and you kept the cently, the Finance Committee while I yield the floor. faith. We love you for it. doing the tax bill. He has run for Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. Today, I have the difficult task of dent. He has been considered as a po- ERNST). The majority whip. trying to sum up the work of a great tential nominee for the Supreme Court. Mr. CORNYN. Madam President, I Senator, a valued colleague, and a He has played a role in confirming have been sitting here listening to all great friend. every Supreme Court Justice currently of the accolades being given to our While this is a familiar reality every sitting on the bench. ORRIN is emi- friend ORRIN HATCH, and I didn’t hear a other December, it doesn’t make the nently qualified for so many positions, word I disagree with. As a matter of task any easier—especially when it and America has been lucky to have fact, rather than offering my prepared comes to saying farewell to Senator his leadership through the years. The remarks, I ask unanimous consent that ORRIN HATCH. It is rare to find such a people of Utah, our Nation, and people they be made part of the RECORD fol- combination of wit and grace, humor of all faiths were fortunate to have him lowing my verbal remarks. and humility. But we find that in him, to rely on. ORRIN is a man of faith, one Let me just spend a couple of min- and the combination works. He is the who defends others’ right to worship in utes talking about the ORRIN HATCH American Dream personified, a shining peace. that I know. I first met ORRIN HATCH in example of where hard work and deter- He has consistently fought to rein in 1990, when I was a candidate for the mination can get you in life. the Federal Government. He has been a Texas Supreme Court. We had an event ORRIN’s story starts in Pittsburgh champion of responsible government in Dallas, TX, and, lo and behold, who from humble beginnings with parents spending and a leader of States’ rights. would be the star attraction? It cer- who worked for every cent they earned. He authored a constitutional amend- tainly wasn’t me. Who would be the Back then, in his words, he had to ment to balance the Federal budget star attraction of this event? It was ‘‘fight for everything,’’ and he meant that received 66 votes, just one short of Senator ORRIN HATCH, famous for his that both literally and figuratively. what was needed to amend the Con- work on the Senate Judiciary Com- After a bully shoved a young ORRIN on stitution. One of those votes was some- mittee, having served there for vir- the playground, he went home, stuffed body who had just run for election and tually his entire career in the Senate. a duffel bag with sand, and hung it said that was the most important thing Of course, he lent tremendous gravitas from a tree in his yard. He punched and no matter how many times it came to that event, which would otherwise that bag for hours, and when it came up, he would be voting for it. He voted have been forgotten, including by me, time to stand up to another playground against it, and that was the one vote in a short time. But it was indicative foe, he won. that was needed. Just by virtue of his to me of the importance that ORRIN has As he and his wife Elaine built their legislative triumphs, he has helped to always placed on the independent Judi- young family, he built a home for them author some of the most consequential ciary in our country, and we heard how himself, converting an old chicken pieces of legislation in our time. Many many judicial nominations he has par- coop. Elaine counts their time there as have been mentioned. ticipated in and how many Supreme some of her happiest memories. He paved the way for the sale of ge- Court Justices whose confirmation pro- It is this drive to succeed no matter neric drugs and helped advance innova- ceedings he has participated in. what the circumstance that lit a fire in tion for patients with rare diseases. He What I will always remember about ORRIN and made him a star in the has contributed to the protection of ORRIN is his generosity, his kindness, courtroom and later, in this chamber. children’s health and well-being as well and his faithfulness when it comes to ORRIN has served as a mentor to me as the rights of Americans with disabil- the rule of law and the role of our inde- and to so many others in Congress. ities. I know one of his proudest ac- pendent Judiciary. Our friendship goes back before my complishments is passing the Religious Recently, we had a debate in our con- time in the Senate to when I was run- Freedom Restoration Act, which pro- ference at one of our lunches. ORRIN is ning for the Texas Supreme Court. tects individual Americans’ right to ex- so famous for encouraging, as we heard ORRIN came to Texas to headline an ercise their religion. Most recently, he from the Senators from Oklahoma, Mr. event for me and the Chief Justice. It had the honor of having the Orrin G. INHOFE and Mr. LANKFORD. He is fa- was an outsized act of kindness for Hatch-Bob Goodlatte Music Moderniza- mous for being an encourager. I can’t someone of his stature in the U.S. Sen- tion Act named after him, which over- think of any one of us who hasn’t had ate, and an act I have never forgotten. hauled musical copyright law. ORRIN HATCH come up to us at some We have continued that friendship We both have a strong touch of the point during the day and say: You are and partnership on a wide range of West in our hearts, which we express doing a great job. Keep it up. issue areas, but often on one topic we every day in what we do. That is why Actually, the joke was that ORRIN find increasingly important for both I wasn’t surprised last year when ORRIN has told so many of us that he loved us, our states: trade. I have been fortunate announced he would not be running for that one of our colleagues said: Well, to benefit from ORRIN’s leadership on another term in the Senate. He said: he told me he loves me most—hoping the Senate Finance Committee as chair of the trade subcommittee, espe- I’ve always been a fighter. I was an ama- we would be jealous, I guess. teur boxer in my youth . . . but every good But the truth is, ORRIN has a heart as cially as we worked to pass Trade Pro- fighter knows when to hang up the gloves. big as all the outdoors. At a time when motion Authority. Although these . . . I look forward to spending more time people wonder about the future of our trade agreements are complex, they are with family, especially my sweet wife country and the character of the people not faceless: they affect whether or not

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.021 S12DEPT1 S7472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 an American family can put food on yond grateful for his countless con- than businesses with a bigger check- their table. tributions to this country, this institu- book. ORRIN recognized that TPA is an in- tion, and to his beloved state over an That is why it is so important that tegral trade tool to ensure American outstanding career. we ensure transparency and account- workers and businesses get the best I want to thank him for his service ability in campaign financing through deal possible in pending trade agree- and bid him farewell. Senator HATCH’s robust disclosure requirements and ments. And passing it was a true team legacy will live on through our work, oversight. effort. we will make sure of it. Unfortunately, instead of making it Nearly everything I have done with Madam President, I yield the floor. easier to identify individuals and orga- Chairman HATCH on the Finance Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nizations who are funding campaigns, mittee has been to help American fam- ator from Alaska. the Treasury Department has issued a ilies, and that is something ORRIN Mr. SULLIVAN. Madam President, I rule that will increase the amount of keeps at the forefront of his mind with just had the honor of presiding over dark money in the political process. each vote we take in committee or here Senator HATCH’s farewell address to That is money that comes in, and we on the floor. It drove his work during the Senate and to the country. I think have no idea where it comes from and our efforts on tax reform, his most his- for everybody who saw this—whether it who is behind it. This ill-advised rule toric achievement to date. He led the is our colleagues on the Senate floor change from the Treasury Department entire conference masterfully, pro- or, hopefully, millions of Americans— will eliminate the requirement that so- viding steady guidance and keeping our in his speech, they saw and heard, not cial welfare organizations, or 501(c)(4)s, goal of putting more money back in only in his remarks but in the remarks and business leagues, or 501(c)(6)s, re- the pockets of hard working Americans that have followed from Democrats and port donor information to the IRS. in mind. Republicans who have served with him That basically gives a blank check for ORRIN has also served as the Chair- for many years, why he is so revered in anyone to come in and spend any man of the Judiciary and HELP Com- this body as a statesman and as an ex- amount of money, and we are not going mittees and has had over 800 bills ample for all of the Senate. You just to know who it is or who is behind the signed into law—more than any living heard the accolades: civility, class, money. Senator. He has not let party lines stop competence, effectiveness, patriot, The change risks impeding law en- him from getting things done. He kind, statesman. We could go on and on forcement efforts to track money laun- joined with Senator Ted Kennedy on here. dering in our political system, and it the Children’s Health Insurance Pro- I want to thank him for his example. makes it more likely that foreign gram. He worked to lower the price of As an Alaska Senator, I also want to money will illegally influence our elec- prescription drugs. He pushed the thank him for being such a great friend tions. Under this new rule, organiza- Americans with Disabilities Act over to Alaska, my State. In my 4 years in tions that made over $197 million in the finish line. the Senate, as so many others have independent expenditures during the A lot of his ideas for legislation come said, he was always encouraging me 2016 election cycle would now be to- from his deeply held convictions and but always asking me: What can I do to tally exempt from disclosing who those his passions in life. A devout Mormon help, Dan? What can I do to help Alas- donors were to the IRS. The door will now be open to hun- and believer that all Americans should ka? dreds of millions more in dark money be able to practice the religion of their ORRIN, I want to thank you so much from secret groups with hidden agen- choice, he worked across the aisle to for that encouragement, for your ex- das, trying to buy an election with pass the Religious Freedom Restora- ceptional example to all of us, for your exceptional example to America, for money and influence. These dark tion Act. money groups have increased in size His love of music led him to partner your exceptional service not only to and scope since the Citizens United de- with fellow musician Senator LAMAR the people of Utah but to the entire cision, as they recognize the oppor- ALEXANDER on the Music Moderniza- Nation. It has been a great honor to tunity to influence elections with no tion Act, now law. It was the first serve with you, sir. I yield the floor. accountability. sweeping update of our music copy- Malicious actors at home and abroad The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- right laws in 20 years, and it allows will likely exploit the increased se- ator from New Hampshire. artists to get the royalties they are crecy in this process, and the prolifera- due. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW ACT tion of these dark money groups will ORRIN, a prolific songwriter, has had Mrs. SHAHEEN. Madam President, further influence our political system. hits included in movies and his songs we will soon be voting in this Chamber This Congress has a duty to ensure range from the serious, like a tribute on S. Res. 64, which is a Congressional the integrity and security of our elec- to his brother Jesse who died in World Review Act resolution looking at a toral process. We have to eliminate War II, to the patriotic, like his ballad, Treasury Department rule that I be- dark money contributions as we do ‘‘America Rocks!’’ Through all of his lieve will promote dark money in poli- this. Dark money has a corrosive influ- work, ORRIN has been driven by a belief tics. ence on our Democratic process be- that he would make a difference in the Since the Supreme Court’s decision cause it erodes trust in our institu- lives of Americans. It is this service in Citizens United, our political system tions, it distorts the motives of our mentality—guided by his strong has been flooded—absolutely flooded— elected representatives, and, perhaps faithk—that continues to be an inspi- with money from special interest most importantly, the American people ration to us all. groups. According to the Center for Re- have a right to know if the candidates Although he attributes his success to sponsive Politics, independent expendi- they choose to represent them are sup- hard work, he also knows he has been tures on campaigns went from $203 mil- ported by foreign groups and shady spe- given special talents by his Maker. lion in 2010 to $1.48 billion less than 10 cial interests. ORRIN once said, ‘‘There’s no question years later, in 2016. So it went from For these reasons, I strongly support that God has helped me throughout my $203 million in 2010, after the Citizens attempts to stop the Trump adminis- life, and I don’t want to let him down.’’ United decision, to $1.48 billion in 2016. tration’s misguided attempt to allow I believe our colleagues would join me This massive influx of money into more dark money into our political in saying that ORRIN, you have not let our elections undermines the con- process, and I urge my colleagues to him down. fidence of the American people in our support the resolution that will be I challenge my colleagues to outwork political system. It creates an environ- coming up shortly. ORRIN HATCH. I am not sure it can be ment that is ripe for corruption and in- I yield the floor. done, but we would be a better Cham- appropriate influence. It sows further The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ber for it. disenchantment among the electorate ator from Wisconsin. I think it is safe to say that my col- and impacts participation in our de- Mr. JOHNSON. Madam President, I leagues and I will miss the laughter mocracy. It allows voters to believe ask unanimous consent that I be al- and wisdom of this man, and we are be- that their votes are less important lowed to complete my remarks and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.004 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7473 Senator TESTER be recognized at the that the IRS also included in its new donor information from schedule B. conclusion of my remarks for up to 5 guidance needed privacy protections in The disclosure of donor information minutes. response to recent government leaks has led to the harassment of donors in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and breaches. In order to protect tax- some very well-documented cases. objection, it is so ordered. payer privacy, under this new guid- In a court brief that was filed in Jan- TRIBUTE TO ORRIN HATCH ance, the donor information in ques- uary of 2017 in Americans for Pros- Mr. JOHNSON. Madam President, be- tion is prohibited from being made pub- perity Foundation v. Becerra, the fore I begin addressing my opposition lic by the government no matter where NAACP warned against States’ compel- to the CRA, I want to spend a brief mo- it is warehoused. ling the disclosure of donor informa- ment agreeing with all of the tributes So let me summarize. The donor in- tion: and all of the accolades of Senator formation in question is not used by Forcing an organization to release [organi- HATCH. the IRS for the efficient administra- zational membership and/or donor lists] to I wasn’t able to get down here on the tion of the internal revenue laws, as the State not only divulges the First Amend- floor because I couldn’t get down here was noted by the previous administra- ment activities of individual members and in time—he started a little bit early— tion. The information is required to be donors, but may also deter such activities in the first place. Specifically, individuals may but I watched the entire speech from kept on file and on the books of the or- my office. It just showed the integrity, legitimately fear of any number of negative ganization and to be available to the consequences from disclosure, including har- the patriotism, and the goodwill of this IRS or law enforcement, if needed, assment by the public, adverse government good man. which was also as proposed by the pre- action, and reprisals by a union or employer. Like so many of my other colleagues, vious administration. Finally, the in- This potential harm exists across the I don’t know another Senator who of- formation, no matter where it is political spectrum regardless of donors’ fers more encouragement and more housed, shall not be made public by the ideological beliefs. kind words to all of us than Senator government. Needless to say, the Congressional HATCH. Again, I wish him and Elaine These are clear and concise reasons Review Act challenge to the recent IRS well in their retirement. I wish them for a simple change that was made— guidance on where to house private the best. and let me reemphasize this point—in donor information is troubling, and its God bless Senator HATCH for all of his order to protect taxpayer privacy. Un- faithful service. motivation is highly suspect. For any- fortunately, such protection is nec- one who truly cares about privacy and CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW ACT essary because, when the IRS required Madam President, I rise to discuss ensuring that the Federal Government that donor information be reported on does not use the tax system as a polit- the Congressional Review Act chal- a form to the IRS, there had been nu- lenge put forward by the senior Sen- ical targeting machine, a vote against merous times during which the returns the Congressional Review Act chal- ators from Oregon and Montana. of tax-exempt organizations were inap- The CRA has been proposed in re- lenge is the obvious choice. I urge my propriately and possibly illegally dis- sponse to guidance on a revenue proce- colleagues to vote no. closed, whether through administrative dure recently announced by the Inter- I yield the floor. sloppiness, carelessness, breaches, or nal Revenue Service. As chairman of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- other potentially nefarious or partisan the Homeland Security and Govern- ator from Montana. reasons. Mr. TESTER. Madam President, be- mental Affairs Committee, I have writ- The reason tax-exempt organizations’ ten to the IRS twice asking them to fore I start, I thank Senator HATCH for donors may wish to remain anonymous take the very actions this CRA seeks his decades of service to this body, and is best illustrated in the 1958 Supreme to overturn. I wish him well in retirement. Let me begin by reviewing some Court case of the NAACP v. Alabama. This CR is about one thing—trans- basic facts about the guidance—facts The State of Alabama was attempting parency, sunlight, and making sure that are irrefutable, but facts that are to force the disclosure of the members people know what is going on with apparently being ignored by those sup- of the NAACP. The concern those their government. I rise on behalf of porting this measure. members had in having their names re- the millions of Americans who are First, I want to make it clear that vealed should be obvious. Fortunately, tired of seeing their democracy under- the guidance in question mirrors a pro- the Supreme Court decided unani- mined by mega-donors as they hide in posal that was crafted under the mously to protect the identities of the the shadows. As my friend from Maine Obama administration. While that pro- NAACP’s members. said, it would be like going to a public posal was never fully implemented, the Today, tax-exempt organizations meeting with a bag over your head. fact that it was first proposed by the that span the political spectrum and That is what this is about. Take the Obama administration proves its bipar- the supporters of those organizations bag off. Take them out of the shadows. tisan nature. deserve the same consideration and Since the Supreme Court’s ruling in Essentially, the guidance makes protection as the NAACP had. They de- 2010 in a case called Citizens United, we clear that personal identifying infor- serve to remain anonymous so that have had our democracy and our elec- mation of donors for certain tax-ex- they cannot be targeted by their polit- tions for sale. Over the past 8 years, empt organizations does not need to be ical opponents. billions of dollars have been spent to filed on a form with the IRS. However, A similar threat does exist today influence our elections. Nobody knows these organizations will still be re- from the compelled disclosure of donor where this money comes from. It could quired to keep that donor information information that is held by tax-exempt be coming from foreign countries. on file. Simply put, the guidance is organizations, including 501(c)(4) social Just 3 years after the unpopular Citi- merely a change in where the informa- welfare groups. If information about zens United decision, these wealthy tion is warehoused. donors to these groups becomes pub- families once again used the Supreme In the past, it was kept on a form at licly available, the information could Court to chip away at our democracy the IRS, as well as in the records of be used in a way that would chill fu- with the McCutcheon ruling. A handful each organization. Now, it will only be ture speech and association—a basic of our Nation’s wealthiest families kept in the records of each organiza- First Amendment right. have used this court ruling to hide be- tion. Donor information is also susceptible hind political action committees with It is important to note that the offi- to abuse by the Federal Government stoic names so they can build pipelines cials in the Obama administration said itself. In one egregious example in 2010, of cash to push their own agendas. that the reporting of such information the IRS sent 1.1 million pages of tax- While we are still tallying the totals is no longer necessary for the efficient exempt return information, including from this past election 5 weeks ago, we administration of the internal revenue donor information in some cases, to know that dark money groups in 2016 laws. I am not actually sure it ever was the Justice Department for potential spent $1.4 billion in that single elec- required. prosecutions relating to political tion. The one change being implemented speech. More recently, some States If we don’t take an aggressive ap- that differs from the Obama proposal is have sought to compel the disclosure of proach, more dark money is going to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.023 S12DEPT1 S7474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 flood our elections. It is going to mis- ing for the weakest link to try to de- Manchin Peters Tester lead voters and turn people away from stroy our country and destroy our de- Markey Reed Udall McCaskill Sanders Van Hollen our elections, our democracy, and, mocracy. One of our weak links today Menendez Schatz Warner quite frankly, will put our democracy is our broken campaign finance sys- Merkley Schumer Warren at risk. tem. Murphy Shaheen Whitehouse Murray Smith Wyden This is a very important joint resolu- It is time to pass this bill, shore up Nelson Stabenow tion, and it is not the first time we the election infrastructure, and take a have been here. During the Gilded era step toward eliminating the ability of NAYS—49 of the Copper Kings, this Nation’s our enemies to choose leaders in Wash- Alexander Gardner Paul wealthy openly exercised their power Barrasso Graham Perdue ington, DC. Blunt Grassley Portman over our democracy. Once again, they I thank the senior Senator from Or- Boozman Hatch Risch tried to buy it. In fact, in my home egon for his leadership and for helping Burr Heller Roberts State of Montana, Copper King William to force a vote on this important legis- Capito Hoeven Rounds Cassidy Hyde-Smith Rubio Clark’s solicitation for bribes during lation. Senator WYDEN and more than Corker Inhofe Sasse Cornyn Isakson his campaign for the U.S. Senate was 30 Members of this body cosigned our Scott Cotton Johnson so blatant that Mark Twain called him discharge petition, and 35 Members of Shelby Crapo Kennedy Sullivan ‘‘as rotten a human being as can be this body cosponsored this joint resolu- Cruz Kyl found anywhere under the flag.’’ tion of disapproval under the Congres- Daines Lankford Thune Today, I am concerned that the days of Enzi Lee Toomey sional Review Act to force today’s Wicker the Copper Kings have returned and are Ernst McConnell vote. Fischer Moran Young being ushered in, in part, by policies The public needs to know where the Flake Murkowski from this administration. Senators stand. Do they stand on the NOT VOTING—1 Back in July, the Treasury Depart- side of transparency and account- ment and the IRS took an unprece- ability, or do they side with the dark Tillis dented step and eliminated the require- money special interests who flood our The joint resolution (S.J. Res. 64) ments for certain tax-exempt organiza- elections with television ads and our was passed. tions to report to the IRS the identi- mailboxes with misleading ads? It is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ties of their major donors. past time to wrestle our country back ator from Iowa. I will say one thing about the Sen- from the wealthy few who are fighting f ator from Wisconsin’s remarks—the to drown out the voices of regular MORNING BUSINESS Obama administration’s view on this folks. I urge the support of this joint was that it opposed it because it would resolution of disapproval so as to help Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask constrain the IRS in enforcing its tax take our country back. unanimous consent that the Senate laws. This administration’s policy I will close with one thing, and then proceed to a period of morning busi- through the Treasury, through the I will be quiet—and thank you for your ness, with Senators permitted to speak IRS, created another safe haven for tolerance. This is about transparency. for up to 10 minutes each. this country’s wealthiest donors to Tell me one time when transparency The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without hide in the shadows while they pulled has not been a good thing. It is the an- objection, it is so ordered. the levers of power in our democracy. tiseptic for good government. f Just like ordinary Americans took I yield the floor. TAX LEGISLATION control of our government at the end of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, as the days of the Copper Kings, when clerk will read the title of the joint the 115th Congress winds down, I would Senate seats were openly for sale—they resolution for the third time. like to reflect on the enactment of the acted—we have to act today. Today’s The joint resolution was ordered to historic tax legislation, which passed vote will overturn that rule and shed be engrossed for a third reading and last year, and what is ahead for us in more light on the folks who are trying was read the third time. the new year. to buy our elections. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under In December of 2017, Congress passed, In my reelection campaign over the the previous order, the joint resolution and the President signed into law, the past 2 years, over $40 million of outside having been read the third time, the most comprehensive reforms to the Na- money was spent to influence just question is, Shall the joint resolution tion’s tax laws in more than three dec- 500,000 voters. We will never know who pass? ades. those folks were. These out-of-State fat Mr. WYDEN. Madam President, I ask For years, both sides of the aisle cats didn’t know the State of Montana; for the yeas and nays. have talked about the need for tax re- they just wanted to write the large The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a form that would provide tax simplifica- checks to try to influence and buy our sufficient second? tion, tax fairness, and increase Amer- State, just like the Copper Kings did There appears to be a sufficient sec- ica’s economic competitiveness. With 100 years ago. I guarantee that a lot of ond. the enactment of the law called the those dollars came from the same dark The clerk will call the roll. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we finally made money groups that are opposing this The senior assistant legislative clerk all three of those goals a reality. vote here today. They don’t want to called the roll. Significant simplification was see this joint resolution pass because it Mr. CORNYN. The following Senator achieved for individuals by nearly dou- undermines their efforts to anony- is necessarily absent: the Senator from mously influence our elections—once bling the standard deduction. This North Carolina (Mr. TILLIS). means people will be able to pay less again, taking away from the trans- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. parency of our government. and avoid the tedious task of itemizing ALEXANDER). Are there any other Sen- their taxes. Overall, roughly 90 percent In addition to these wealthy few who ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? of taxpayers will file their taxes by are trying to buy our elections, these The result was announced—yeas 50, simply taking the standard deduction. dark money policies open the door to nays 49, as follows: foreign contributions to House, Senate, Moreover, thanks to a significantly and Presidential campaigns. Of course, [Rollcall Vote No. 260 Leg.] higher alternative minimum tax, which it is illegal for a foreign national to YEAS—50 we refer to as the AMT exemption, mil- contribute to our Federal candidates Baldwin Collins Hassan lions of middle-class taxpayers will no Bennet Coons Heinrich for office, but when you do not know Blumenthal Cortez Masto Heitkamp longer be faced with figuring out their who is contributing the money, how do Booker Donnelly Hirono tax liability two times: one time to we know that it is not the Russians or Brown Duckworth Jones calculate their regular tax liability that it is not the Saudis or other na- Cantwell Durbin Kaine and the second time to calculate their Cardin Feinstein King tions that are infiltrating our elec- Carper Gillibrand Klobuchar tax liability under the alternative min- tions? Our adversaries are always look- Casey Harris Leahy imum tax.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.025 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7475 It also provided tax fairness by re- Our efforts have contributed to a ed in this Congress. This includes im- ducing taxes across every income strong and growing economy. The un- proving retirement savings, bringing group. In fact, middle-income families employment rate is at a half-century the IRS into the 21st century, pro- experienced the largest tax cut by per- low; wages are rising at the fastest rate tecting taxpayer rights, enhancing the centage. in nearly a decade; and workers, em- competitiveness of U.S. businesses, and Additionally, the reforms made the ployers, and small business owners are encouraging research, development, Tax Code more progressive, with tax- all very optimistic about the future— and innovation. payers earning more than $1 million more optimistic than for a long, long I also hope there will be plenty of op- shouldering a larger share of the tax time. America is working again. portunity to work on a bipartisan basis burden than they did under the pre- As we look forward to a new year in on tax issues involving everything vious law. In addition to nearly dou- 2019, with a new Congress and a new from education to renewable and alter- bling the standard deduction, tax relief majority in the House, it is my hope native energy, to consumer-directed was targeted at middle-class families that we can work in a bipartisan way healthcare options. I have heard a lot by doubling the child tax credit from to build upon this economic success I about the desire of the new House ma- $1,000 to $2,000 per child. just described. I will be doing my part jority to engage in oversight of the It also reduced the previous 15 per- as the incoming chairman of the Sen- current administration. cent tax bracket to 12 percent and the ate Finance Committee, and I see plen- I will put my record of oversight up 25 percent tax bracket to 22 percent. As ty—plenty—of opportunity. against anyone’s record. However, I a result, a typical family of four earn- Unfortunately, I hear increasing calls want my colleagues to know I do not ing $59,000 a year will see a tax cut of from the incoming House majority intend to engage in political fishing ex- more than $1,600 in the year 2018. pledging to erase the progress made peditions. I think a person like me who A key motivation for tax reform was with the tax cuts and tax reforms I has had an equal opportunity approach to boost economic growth and increase have just outlined. to oversight—treating Republican ad- America’s global competitiveness. The proof of tax reform’s success is ministrations the same as Democratic America’s Tax Code should favor Amer- in today’s economy. It is obvious to administrations—speaks for itself. ican jobs, American workers, and most people that it is in the best shape I will not go along with efforts to American businesses. That means lev- it has been in for a long time. Why weaponize the authority of tax-writing eling the playing field so that we are would we want to go backward—toward committees to access tax returns for not put at an economic disadvantage stagnation, pessimism, and, obviously, political purposes. Such an action with other countries competing with joblessness? would be unprecedented, but if Demo- us, so the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Of course, no major piece of legisla- crats are interested in doing non- brought the corporate and inter- tion is perfect. To the extent that partisan, good government oversight, national tax systems into the 21st cen- there are legitimate efforts to perfect count me in. tury. You can tell it is already working the law, then I want people to know I hope they will join me in my efforts because other countries are looking at that I am all ears. But to the extent to hold the IRS accountable to the tax- lowering their tax rates to compete that these efforts would undermine the payers; ensure the nonprofit sector is with us. strength of the American economy for living up to the purposes of its tax-ex- Of course, what we did included low- the sake of ideology—and that ideology empt status; that they will also help ering the corporate tax rate from 35 would be hiking taxes and undoing im- me stand up for tax whistleblowers who down to 21 percent. In one fell swoop, portant reforms to modernize the tax expose tax cheats; and track down, ex- we went from a tax rate that was the system and increase America’s global pose, and address tax shelters. highest in the developed world to below competitiveness—then they will be met My hope is, in the new Congress, we the world’s average of 23 percent. How with stiff opposition from this Senator. will be able to work to address impor- can you be competitive if you are a Instead of playing politics, we should tant tax matters in a bipartisan fash- country at 35 percent and the average be focused on examining how the law is ion. I am proud of my strong record of is 23 percent? This means global cor- affecting individuals, families, and bipartisanship on the Finance and Ju- porations will be more inclined to cre- businesses in our respective States and diciary Committees. I intend to con- ate jobs here, rather than in other districts. Where necessary, we should tinue my good working relationships countries. work together to take action and en- with my colleagues across the aisle and We also modernized America’s inter- sure the law is fulfilling its full poten- hope to forge a few new ones, not only national tax system. We were one of tial. in the Senate but also with the new the very last major countries to tax We should also work toward pro- majority in the House of Representa- businesses on a worldwide basis. By viding tax certainty for individuals and tives. moving toward a more territorial sys- small businesses. This would include Senator WYDEN, who will be the tem, we freed up more than $2 trillion making permanent marginal tax rate ranking Democrat on the Finance for investment here at home that cuts for individuals and families, mak- Committee, and I have had a good American companies were holding off- ing permanent the doubling of the working relationship on so many dif- shore. child tax credit from $1,000 to $2,000, ferent issues over a long period of time, These changes to the international also making permanent the innovative and I think we will be able to work to- tax rules don’t just help U.S. compa- 20 percent deduction for small busi- gether as well. We have already started nies that operate globally to compete nesses to provide the certainty that is communication along that line. in the worldwide marketplace, but they needed to make investment and to en- I yield the floor. also help those companies grow their courage that investment and also to I suggest the absence of a quorum. businesses here at home with more encourage hiring decisions and, lastly, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jobs, better wages, and increased in- the ability of businesses to recover the clerk will call the roll. vestment. cost of investment in property and The senior assistant legislative clerk Just as important, we worked to en- equipment faster. proceeded to call the roll. sure that small businesses and pass- I hope my colleagues in the House of Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask through entities received more equi- Representatives join me in these ef- unanimous consent that the order for table treatment compared to what a forts. I have yet to hear a good reason the quorum call be rescinded. corporation gets. We have a new 20-per- why we shouldn’t make these and other The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cent qualified business deduction bene- tax relief measures permanent. It is objection, it is so ordered. fiting pass-through businesses of all the right thing to do for the economy, f sizes, down to the smallest family the right thing to do for job creation, farmer or corner bakery. Enhanced ex- and the right thing to do for wage GOVERNMENT FUNDING pensing rules were included to help all growth. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, it occurs businesses, spurring investments in I also wish to see us continue work- to me that if Americans had any doubt new equipment and machinery. ing on other important issues we start- that President Trump is fixated on

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.026 S12DEPT1 S7476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 wasting billions of tax dollars to wall world consequences of a shutdown. gency.’’ Inconveniently for the Presi- off our 2,000-mile southern border, all Hundreds of thousands of Federal em- dent, these people were 1,000 miles from they had to do was watch his jaw-drop- ployees would be furloughed or work- our border. Thousands of them are de- ping press conference yesterday in ing without pay 3 days before Christ- fenseless women and children. Most which he demanded another $5 billion mas, and millions of Americans would Americans just do not think of the of America’s hard-earned tax dollars be cut off from critical government word ‘‘invaders’’ when they see bare- for his political pet project, which, services. Instead, the President eagerly foot toddlers being pushed in strollers throughout his whole campaign, he offered to ‘‘take the mantle’’ for shut- by their mothers. The sad reality is gave his solemn word that Mexico ting down the government over his pet that many of these people are fleeing would pay for. project—a wall, which we do not need. desperate situations in their home I have been here during the terms of What could be the driving fixation countries and are looking for sanc- eight different Presidents. I have never for building medieval wall along the tuary. They are not coming here to heard the words I heard from our Presi- southern border? Maybe he has actu- perpetuate violence; they are running dent yesterday. I never thought that ally begun to believe his own away from violence. any President, Republican or Demo- fearmongering and lies about migrants, They do not want violence. They are crat, would use them. When President asylees, and refugees. After years of de- not coming here to bring violence; they Trump boasted that he would be proud monizing and vilifying migrants to are trying to escape violence—violence to shut down the government if Con- rally his most ardent supporters, per- against their children, violence against gress does not bow to his spending de- haps his own demagoguery has finally their families. mands, I had to play it back, watching gotten to him. Maybe he is actually be- When the pictures on TV actually it two or three times, making sure that lieving the things he has been saying. began to be shown and were defying the is exactly what he said. He was very Only that—a self-made, alternate re- President’s narrative, he changed proud of it. I must say it is one of the ality in which vulnerable women and course. He began making the case that most reckless statements I have ever children have miraculously trans- hidden among these families are stone- heard uttered by a President of the formed into hordes of gang members cold criminals and unknown Middle United States of either party. and terrorists—could explain such an Easterners, as if anyone from the Mid- The President’s job, like yours and irrational obsession for a wasteful wall dle East is inherently a danger to us. mine—all of us—is to keep the Federal that does absolutely nothing to stop What is his proof? He has none. Government operating for the hundreds actual threats to our Nation’s security. In fact, to quote the President’s own of millions of Americans who depend Only in an altered reality would one words about the composition of the mi- on government services every day, act as though teargassing little chil- grant caravan: ‘‘There is no proof of from our national parks, housing serv- dren in diapers makes sense. anything.’’ ices for the elderly, the disabled, our The President may not be able to tell Just yesterday, President Trump veterans, and for assistance to our Na- fact from fiction, but he may be pur- even claimed we needed the wall be- tion’s farmers. Just yesterday, we posely blurring the lines between them. cause we recently captured 10 terror- passed a bipartisan farm bill, and I But as vice chairman of the Senate Ap- ists over a ‘‘very short period of time.’’ praise Senator ROBERTS, a Republican, propriations Committee, it is my duty This statement had fact checkers, ac- and Senator STABENOW, a Democrat. to ensure that taxpayer dollars go to- tually people within his own adminis- They came together and passed a bipar- ward solving problems we know to tration, scratching their heads because tisan bill by an overwhelming margin. exist in fact. So let’s talk about the nobody knew what he was talking A lot of work went into that to pro- facts. It is time for a reality check. about. tect our farmers, but if the President President Trump, justifying a litany A Homeland Security official claimed shuts down the government, there is of anti-immigrant policies, has repeat- that President Trump was referring to not going to be anybody in local edly claimed that there is a crisis at a government statistic indicating that USDA—U.S. Department of Agri- our southern border with a ‘‘drastic 10 people suspected of terrorist ties are culture—offices to answer questions surge’’ of undocumented migrants at- prevented from entering the United from farmers about what that new law tempting to flood into our country. States every day ‘‘by air, sea, or land.’’ means for them, just as farmers are That is false. What a multibillion dollar wall along making their plans for next year’s The truth is that illegal border cross- our southern border would do to pre- planting season. They cannot just turn ings are at historic lows. At the end of vent a suspected terrorist from flying it on and turn it off. They have to plan 2017, arrests of people attempting to into JFK Airport I cannot figure out, months in advance. enter the United States illegally but President Trump does not seem to When I first came to the Senate 44 dropped to the lowest level since 1971. know or care about the difference. years ago, the idea of threatening to Between 2000 and 2018, border apprehen- The conservative Center for Immi- shut down the Federal Government as sions fell sharply, from roughly 1.6 mil- gration Studies issued a report last a negotiating tactic was unheard of. lion in fiscal year 2000 to approxi- month, concluding that only 15 sus- Now it seems we go through this every mately 400,000 in fiscal year 2018—a 75- pected terrorists have been appre- year, and neither party is blameless. percent drop. Now, we all agree that il- hended at the U.S.-Mexico border since But before President Trump, no one legal immigration is a serious problem, 2001, and a suspected terrorist includes bragged about it. No one seemed to rel- and we should address it, but saying anyone coming from a handful of spe- ish it. No one was foolish enough to that we are experiencing a crisis-level cific countries, like Syria. It does not call it good for the country, no matter surge of illegal crossings at the border mean they are, in fact, terrorists or what party they were from. No one is pure fiction. For the life of me, I have any connection whatsoever to ter- treated shutting down the government cannot understand why the President rorists. as if it is some kind of reality show, would use pure fiction as a scare tactic. So President Trump’s unsubstan- some kind of game, without the slight- There is not a true crisis to point to, tiated vitriol against immigrants is est concern for the consequences for so the President is manufacturing one. matched only by his flamboyance the American people and hundreds of Ever the reality TV showman, he opted about the wall. Despite his claims yes- thousands of Federal workers and their to focus America’s attention on images terday that wall construction is under families over the holidays or for the and videos of a caravan of migrants budget, the largest component of fenc- huge amount of the taxpayers’ money marching toward our southern border. ing that Congress has funded, a 25-mile that would be wasted as a result. In the runup to the recent elections, barrier in the Rio Grande Valley, has President Trump’s performance yes- pointing at vulnerable migrants while ballooned in cost from $445 million to terday amounted to throwing a temper they were thousands of miles from our $787 million. That pricetag for fencing tantrum on national television. He is border, President Trump immediately is $31.5 million per mile. We American either oblivious to what he is doing, began warning of an imminent ‘‘on- taxpayers are paying for that. Despite does not know what he is doing, or he slaught,’’ ‘‘invaders,’’ an ‘‘assault on the President’s claims that additional simply does not care about the real our country,’’ and a ‘‘national emer- wall funding is an urgent need, the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.029 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7477 Trump administration has spent only 6 My maiden speech was about a couple So I reflected back to the time in percent of the $1.7 billion Congress has of months after my first time being late 1985 and a series of events over the appropriated over the last 2 years to sworn in. I had waited back then—this course of the next few weeks. It was a build or replace fencing on the south- is 18 years ago. It was appropriate for tense time in the first launch attempt ern border. freshmen Senators to wait a while, of the 24th flight of the space shuttle. Facts matter, Mr. President. The $5 don’t speak up right away. So I waited We went down to T-minus 8 seconds. I billion he is clamoring for would be 2 or 3 months until it felt like it was had braced my body for the ignition of better spent on real homeland security, the appropriate time, and I remember the main engines at T-minus 6.6, and such as Coast Guard boats that can there was nobody out here. It was an all of a sudden I heard them calling save lives, grants to nonprofit churches empty Chamber. I picked a topic of the over the intercom: We stopped the and synagogues to secure themselves day. I think we were trying to balance count. We are recycling. against shootings like those in Pitts- the budget at the time—something That launch was scrubbed that day. burgh and Sutherland Springs, more that 18 years later we are still trying There was an indication by a sensor Customs personnel and technology to to do. that a gimbaling motor on the thrust- seize the fentanyl that is fueling our Then, in the course of the speech, I ers of the solid rocket boosters was Nation’s opioid epidemic and actually mentioned that it was my maiden malfunctioning. Had that been the killing our citizens. Let’s remember, speech. Nobody was out here except the case, 9 seconds later, we would not be fentanyl is mostly coming through our Presiding Officer. All of a sudden, those going straight up. We would have been legal points of entry and our mail fa- doors swung open, and right then and cartwheeled. cilities, not between the ports where there, in strides Senator Robert Byrd. I So we were let off for Christmas, the President wants to build his wall. was standing at a desk over there on came back into quarantine in the lat- Perhaps in President Trump’s alter- the other side, and Senator Byrd’s seat ter part of December, and tried the nate reality—where illegal crossings was either here or here. So I finished next launch attempt, only to go down are at historic highs, migrant caravans my speech and he said: Will the Sen- to 31 seconds, and the count stopped. of hardened criminals are invading our ator from Florida yield? An alert supervisor on the consoles of country, and terrorists are slipping I said: Of course, I will yield. the launch center had noticed the locks past our Border Patrol agents every Senator Byrd, for 30 minutes, gave an line was getting too cold. They day—the need for a giant, concrete oration on the history of maiden checked, and a mistaken override of wall seems like an urgent necessity. speeches in the Senate. So you can the computer had occurred and 18,000 But if, like everybody here, you live in imagine, nothing I said was memo- pounds of liquid oxygen had been the real world, where the facts and sta- rable, but it was certainly memorable drained. Had we launched 31 seconds tistics mean something, his obsession to this Senator that all of a sudden I later, we would not have had enough with building a wall is exposed for would be treated to the corporate fuel to get to orbit, and it would have what it is—a desperate attempt to knowledge from one of the lions of the taken the greatest ability of our com- please his base and protect his ego and Senate in looking back on the history mander, Navy Captain—now retired— to make us forget that he gave his of this body. Robert Gibson, to land a fully loaded word. He gave his word. He gave his I wanted you to know I am a Florida spacecraft on a short runway at Dakar, word that Mexico was going to pay for boy. My family came to Florida from Senegal, or Moron, Spain. it. Now we know that was a flatout un- Denmark in 1829. So many people come So we tried the third time. This time, truth. to Florida from the Northeast. Well, the count was called off for some exter- As stewards of American taxpayers’ my great-great-grandfather was a sail- nal reason. Each of these times, we hard-earned money, we have a respon- or—a teenager on a sailing ship—and were in the spacecraft strapped in, sibility not to throw away billions of he ended up in New York in a barroom ready to go. At this point, I think the dollars in a project that is built on a brawl. He was frightened that he was weather was not cooperating over in foundation of fact-free fearmongering. going to be arrested, so he ran to hide. Africa and Spain. You have to have To be clear, this is not the way we ap- He ran down to the wharf. He hid in a clear skies there in case you get into propriate money. This is certainly not ship, and the ship cast off for Port St. that transatlantic abort. So it was the way we fund and run the U.S. Gov- Joe, FL, in 1829. So you see, my family called off. ernment. If the President wants to came to Florida from New York also. Well, that night, when they drained shut down the government because he Five generations—on the other side the tanks, they found that a tempera- cannot muster the votes to fund his of the family, I have a deed signed by ture probe on the ground support wall, as he says he does, the American Woodrow Wilson in 1917 to my grand- equipment had flowed through the oxy- people will see that he cares more parents after they had worked the land gen line and flowed into the vehicle about his misguided campaign prom- for the required 4 years. Under the and was stuck in a prevalve right next ises and misstatements than he does Homestead Act, the government would to one of the three main engines. Had about doing his job—the job of making deed you 160 acres of land. It is the act we launched that morning—in this the government work for the American that pushed the frontier so much far- case, the third try—we would have got- people. ther into the hinterlands, and we espe- ten to orbit, it would have been time I yield the floor. cially think of it westward, but that for the main engine cut off, and one of I suggest the absence of a quorum. was also southward. the three engines would not have cut The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. That 160 acres of land is, today, in off. It would have blown the rear end of HYDE-SMITH). The clerk will call the the north end of the space shuttle run- the orbiter apart. roll. way at the Kennedy Space Center. I A few days later—it was a Friday—we The bill clerk proceeded to call the cannot imagine, in that 4-year period, tried for the fourth time. This time we roll. my grandparents swatting mosquitos are in the middle of a driving Florida Mr. NELSON. Madam President, I and fending off alligators and rattle- rainstorm. We ran from the crew van ask unanimous consent that the order snakes, scratching out a living they to the launch tower to get into the ele- for the quorum call be rescinded. could survive on out of the hard earth vator and out of the pouring rain. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the land. Yet that is the hardy stock were strapped in, ready to go, waiting objection, it is so ordered. from which this Senator comes. for a hole to punch through. Now, the f Grace and I have been overwhelmed rainstorm had turned into a driving by the outpouring of support. I stand Florida lightning storm, and we were FAREWELL TO THE SENATE before you today, and I don’t think sitting on top of all that liquid hydro- Mr. NELSON. Madam President, this anyone could have been more blessed. gen. They finally called off the launch is my farewell speech, and I thought it It is not easy when you take your leave the fourth try. would do me well to think back to the from the people you love and the work The fifth try was a Sunday morning. very first speech I gave on the floor— you love, and it causes a time of in- It was a beautiful day. We launched my maiden speech. tense reflection. into an almost flawless 6-day mission,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.030 S12DEPT1 S7478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 only to return to Earth, and 10 days tress beacons and equipment to locate We wrote the blueprint that has rein- later, the Challenger launched and blew lost seafarers. vigorated our space program and up high in the Florida sky, under cir- There are many ways to get things brought new space companies and high- cumstances of cold weather that al- done around here. Sometimes it re- paying jobs to our country and to Flor- most exactly duplicated the first quires taking the bully pulpit and con- ida. In our lifetime, we are going to see launch attempt back on December 19. fronting people to correct an injustice. humankind set foot on other celestial Intense reflection. Why was I spared? You will notice, as I said, that these bodies besides the Moon—legislation Now, upon intense reflection, I think I are often little things that people don’t that could not have been passed with- am beginning to see because it has notice. out there having been a bipartisan ef- been the great honor of my life to serve Take the case of Bob ‘‘Peach Head’’ fort. our country and the people of Florida— Mitchell, of Tampa, who was a part of We fought to help folks get the re- first in the Army, then in the State the Negro leagues of baseball. For sources they needed to recover in the legislature, then in the Congress, then years, he fought to get Major League aftermath of the major hurricanes that a State treasurer, and now, 18 years as Baseball to provide compensation to savaged people’s lives and property. We Senator. former Negro leagues ballplayers, who worked to make higher education more I have tried to serve our country ad- were excluded from the majors because affordable by capping interest rates on mirably and with integrity because I of their race. Yet they were some of student loans. We also secured billions believe a public office is a public trust. the best players. of dollars in funding for projects all Through this journey, I have been so When Jackie Robinson integrated the over America to preserve the environ- fortunate to have experienced so many majors in 1947, the rest of the majors ment and to help restore—and it is re- neat corners of this country that all of were not integrated until 1959. All of storing—Florida’s environmental us here love. those Negro leagues players had still treasure, the Everglades. The list goes I have seen the Sun shine through been playing and had never gotten the on and on. the pine trees, the oaks, and the orange compensation. It took 3 years of cajol- The setbacks temper the successes in groves of Florida. I have hunted alli- ing and haranguing to get the Major that we have seen constant attempts to gators and pythons in the Everglades. I League Baseball Commissioner to do disenfranchise voters and to make it have jogged the sands of just about the right thing and give the elderly more difficult for all Americans to every Florida beach from Pensacola to former ballplayers their due. have their voices heard at the ballot the Keys. Sam Snow also comes to mind, who, box. Then, of course, the Court’s 2010 Of course, I strapped into a rocket, for most of his life, had paid a terrible decision opened the floodgates and al- weighing 41⁄2 million pounds, to launch price for the injustice done when the lowed the wealthiest Americans to to the heavens and see our planet from Army had wrongfully convicted him spend unlimited amounts of money to a way that very few others have. You and 27 other Black soldiers who had influence our elections and corrupt our have heard me talk about that as I de- participated in a 1944 riot in Seattle democracy. scribe our environment and how beau- that had resulted in the lynching of an Also, what in the world has happened tiful this planet is from the window of Italian prisoner of war. Some decades to civility and to humility in our Na- a spacecraft. later, when the Army had finally ad- tion’s public discourse? Where are our Of course, these experiences in this mitted its mistake, it had refused to servant leaders who seek to serve in- country—the American people, every give those soldiers compensation for stead of to be served? So we still have much work to do. We one of us and our fellow citizens, the their lost pay and for the time they need now, more than ever, to focus on teachers, the soldiers, the factory had spent in prison. Once I heard about building the kind of relationships here workers, the moms, the dads, the stu- it, I kept on the Army until it paid the in Washington that can solve the great dents, the farmers, those are the ones veterans their back pay plus interest. problems that our Nation faces. I cau- who have inspired me to dedicate a life We all deal in legislation. As for the tion our colleagues and caution those to public service. Those folks have business of legislation, think about who will join this body to resist the been my strength as they are often some of the things that we wrote. We in Florida wrote legislation to pulls of partisan acrimony and the your strength. It is the American peo- forces that seek to divide us. Tribalism protect Florida’s beaches, our tourism- ple who have kept me going for the is our problem, and if not corrected, it driven economy, and our wildlife from past 46 years of public service. is going to take our country down. While I have experienced the highs the dangers of offshore oil drilling. We, I know I am just another Senator and lows of serving in the Senate, it is the Democratic caucus, passed who is saying what a lot of Senators often the small, unnoticed steps toward groundbreaking legislation that medi- who are departing are saying. We all progress that have made this journey cally insured 22 million Americans in here remember—right over at that worthwhile. I am most happy with this country. In my State, it was over desk there—John McCain, in one of his some of the work that has been done to 1.7 million people. We ensured that last Senate addresses during which he help individuals. I want to mention they had healthcare and health insur- could stand, saying the same thing. just a few. ance. Interestingly, because of our pro- Some of my fondest memories in the To Christine Levinson and her fam- tecting preexisting conditions cov- Senate have been with those who have ily, we have worked tirelessly to bring erage, just in the State of Florida sat on the other side of that center Bob Levinson home. I have come to alone, 8 million people who have pre- aisle. Because of this, I know that this floor for 11 years and said that if existing conditions are protected be- while Republicans and Democrats may Iran does not have Bob, they know cause of the law. It also eliminated the disagree on policy, we have a lot to where to find him. It is our responsi- lifetime caps on coverage. unify us in our values and principles bility to see that Bob—a man who You know the fights that we have that we share. My parting words are served this country in the FBI for 30 had ever since we started that day on that there is no greater challenge for years—is finally reunited with his wife the Finance Committee. It was after this Senate than to have the moral and seven children and grandchildren. the dog days of August, when you courage to choose country over party In another example, it has been a couldn’t have a townhall meeting in or over power, to choose justice for all pleasure to work with Rochelle Hamm, 2009 because of the disruptions. In Sep- instead of justice for the few, and to of Jacksonville, and with the families tember, we on the Finance Committee give others respect instead of con- of the 33 crew members of the El Faro wrote that bill. It took every member demnation. who perished at sea when their cargo of the Democratic caucus—60 strong Those of us who are fortunate enough ship sank while they sailed into the then—to be able to pass it. Now mil- to serve in this Senate are also con- path of a hurricane in 2015. As a result lions and millions of people have fronted daily by a set of obligations of that terrible tragedy, we were able health insurance who have never had it that we have when we take on this to enact into law key maritime safety before, and untold millions more who title of U.S. Senator. reforms, including requiring ocean- have preexisting conditions are pro- We have an obligation to the people going vessels to be outfitted with dis- tected. of this Nation to do everything in our

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.031 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7479 power to uphold the country’s demo- DaMara Belson, Matthew Benham, Jeffery Christopher Leacock, Carissa Lewis, Jeffrey cratic institutions and to insist that Benson, Kathleen Benway, Nicole Berckes, Lewis, Julia Lee, Alexandra Lehson, Reginal the truth guide our public discussions Lauren Berger, Owen Berger, Katherine Leichty, Jason Lemons. even if doing so comes at the cost of Bergh, Hernan Betancourt, Jed Bhuta, Maria Lewis, Melissa Lewis, Andrew LaWanda Billingslea, Renae Black, Danny Lievense, Stephen Liles, Lauren Linsmayer, short-term political loss. As Senators, Blum, Shawn Bone, Elizabeth Borders, Alex Kim Lipsky, Cynthia Lodge, Sue Loftin, we have been uniquely given the re- Borkholder, John Branscome, Lisa Brett, Christopher Long, Juan Lopez, Kimberly sponsibility to provide advice and con- Jonathan Brill, Abbey Brown. Luckey, Robert Luke, Maureen Luna-Long, sent to the executive branch, and we Alea Brown, Alicia Brown, Angela Brown, Greta Lundeberg, Anthony Lynn, Patricia must take this charge seriously and Celeste Brown, Ryan Brown, Ken Brummel- Lynn, Doug MacIvor, Joshua Maddock, with independence from another Smith, Kevin Brumback, Tiffany Bryant, Peder Magee, Jillian Maggard. branch. We must uphold the rule of Andrea Buck, Scott Bunce, Joy Burkey, Christina Mahoney, Keenan Mahoney, Corey Malmgren, Carlos Mancero, Josh Man- law. In doing so, we must affirm that Douglas Bush, Philip Bye, Edly Calderon, Carrie Callaghan, Douglas Campbell, Lesley ning, Josiah Manzo, Arthur Maples, Lisa no one person is above the law. Campos, Christopher Caple, Catherine Marshall, Tom Marvit, John Maskornick, There are a great many challenges Carabine, Marie Carr. Ryan Matthews, Derek Mattioli, Connor that our country faces. I call upon all Jessie Caudill, Jonathan Caverley, Mautner, Leandra McComas, Ryan McCor- of you who serve in this Senate to act Kassandra Cerveny, Amanda Chadwick, mick, Elena McCullough, Cornelius McFad- with moral courage when these obliga- Cheryl Chadwick, Richard Duane Chambers, den, Meredith McFadden, Carla McGarvey, tions come calling in the future. Tom Chapman, Amanda Cherrin, Michael Diana McGee. As I depart, I am putting my trust in Chesnut, Courtney Chiles, Mary Chiles, Michelle McGovern, Jacqueline you. I trust you to work on behalf of Aurelia Chis, Myron Chivis, Taylor Christy, McGuinness, Candise McKeiver, Tyrik McKeiver, Daniel McLaughlin, Kenneth the countless numbers who do not have Courtney Christian, Randy Clarke, Sally Cluthe, Andrew Coates, Danielle Cohen, Meadows, Taleen Mekhdjavakian, Kathryn a voice in this Chamber. I count on you Rodrick Coleman. Melcher, Sydney Mengel, Jonathan Merlis, to give a voice to our brothers and sis- Seth Collins, Julia Colvin, Mary Conklin Stephanie Mickle, Deborah Miller, Helen ters in Puerto Rico, who are long over- Callow, James Connell, Peter Contostavlos, Miller, Connie Mirrop, Anum Mirza, David due for representation. I trust you will Jonathan Cooper, William Couch, Alec Mitchell, Jack Mitchell, Pete Mitchell, Mat- fight to make healthcare more acces- Coutroulis, Ana Cruz, Karen Cully, Michael thew Montgomery, Anne Morgan. sible and more cost-effective, keep rigs Cully, Nicholas Cummings, Patricia Curran, Patrice Morgan, Brenda-Lea Morrison, off of our coasts, and make higher edu- Amin Cyntje, Roy Dalton, Paul Damphousse, Carissa Moss, Lydia Mount, Colin Mueller, Julie Dashiell, Holly Davenport, Joseph Dav- Joanelle Mulrain, Erin Strother Murray, cation more affordable for everyone. I enport, Sherry Davich. Jonathan Murray, Courtney Mursell, trust you will work to protect our en- William Davich, Nona Dawson, Christopher Dorkina Myrick, Nadia Naviwala, vironment from pollution and will con- Day, Edward Dean, Alison DeBose, Frank Constantinos Nicolaidis, Beth Nielson, Shei- tinue the restoration of our Ever- DeToma, Binita Devkota, Patrick la Nix, Brian No, Anna Normand, Mathew glades. Above all, I trust you will act DiBattista, Michael Dodson, Rachael Dollar, Nosanchuk, Mary O’Bannon, Clint Odom, with integrity in uniting Americans for Ellen Doneski, Taylor Downs, Amy Drum- Ryan Orgera. the common wheel. mond, Amanda Dugan, Martee Duhaney, Gilberto Osorio, Madeline Otto, Danny For the people of America, you in Kate Dumouchel, Kirstin Dunham, Thomas Pang, Steven Parker, Loren Parra, Kandi Dunn, Shaun Easley, Casey Elbare. Parsons, Jeremy Parsons, Sydney Paul, Mi- this Senate must be a beacon of light Joel Eskovitz, Alexander Fabiszewski, chael Pedersen, Brittany Penberthy, at a time when it seems that darkness Ryan Farris, Jeffrey Fatora, Monica Christos Perez, Grace Pettus, Theresa is increasingly gathering in our poli- Fernandez, Amanda Figueroa, Brandon Fish- Pezzeminti, Ingrid Piedrahita, Yariv Pierce, tics. You must remember that your er, Stephen Fitzmaurice, Clare Flannery, Hayley Pierre, Macline Pierre, Christian voices and your actions will help to John Flynn, Laura Forero, Janet Forlini, Pierre-Canel, Katherine Platt, Laura Ponto. shape the future. You have the power Erika Frantz, Melissa Fritsch, Mary Fritz, Karlee Popken, Sandeep Prasanna, Lizy to make our discourse more civil and Scott Fuhrman, Erica Fuller, Christian Price, Matthew Price, Don Pride, Rachel Pryor, Samantha Purcell-Musgrave, Jean to create change. Tamotsu Fjeld, Robert Gatehouse, Denton Gibson. Quillo, Susan Perez Quinn, Shannon Rainey, To our staff, both in the office and Celia Gisleson, David Gittess, Treon Glenn, Kaitlin Ramirez, Marcia Randolph, Matthew the Commerce Committee, you all are Laura Glickman, Gregory Goddard, Ruben Rankin, Dawn Ratliff Ebony Reddick, Ilka like family. You are like family to Goddard Jr., Laila Goharioon, Adam Gold- Regino, Blair Reinarman, Timothy Rennie, Grace and me, and I am grateful for the berg, Jonathan Goldman, Sara Gonzalez- Alexandra Riley, Jose Rincon. work you do day in and day out for the Rothi, Ioana Gorecki, Jasmine Govan, Jessica Ritter, Samuel Ritzman, Valeria people of Florida. You are all hard- Artena Greene, Ryan Grindler, Alexandra Rivadeneira, Charmaine Robinson, Kimberly working. You are dedicated. You are Grosswald, Jessica Gruse, Mary Guenther, Robinson, Laura Rodriguez, Maritza Rodri- loyal public servants. None of what we Brendan Guess, Philip Guire, Bryan Gulley. guez, Josie Rodriquez, Emily Rogers, Jason Peggy Gustave, LeAnna Gutierrez, Jessica Rosenbaum, Anna Marie Ross, Katherine do around here would be possible were Hafer, Daniel Hague, Kimberly Hall, Shawn Ross, Kathleen Rubinger, Charles Runfola it not for each of you. Hall, Patrick Hanley, Christine Hanson, Mi- III, Nicholas Russell, Jessica Russo, Timothy Madam President, I ask unanimous chael Hardaway, Katherine Hardeman, Jona- Ryder, Benjamin Sack, Joshua Samek, consent that a list of all staffers who than Hardy, Courtnie Harris, Marcia Harris, Sheron Samuels. have been a part of our Senate family Bryan Harrison, Caitlin Hart, Erin Hatch David Sanchez, Sara Sanders, Edda over these 18 years be printed in the Neal, Nathanael Hauptkorn, Cathy Santiago, Jeff Scarpiello, Eugene Schles- RECORD. Haverstock, Hilary Haycock, Alexia inger, Grant Schnell, Michael Seely, Robert There being no objection, the mate- Heathcock. Seibert, Seth Seifman, Kelda Senior, Lea rial was ordered to be printed in the Michael Henry, Lauren Herold, Mary Hes- Shanley, Daniel Shapiro, Ben Sharpe, ter, Neal Higgins, Gretchen Hitchner, An- Lauren Sher, Kim Silverman, Karri Simpson, RECORD, as follows: drew Holik, Tamara Holliday, Mary Tyler Rozann Skozen, Mara Sloan, Stacey Smith, U.S. SEN. BILL NELSON PAST AND PRESENT Holmes, Maria Honeycutt, Jason Hopkins, Tiffany Smith. STAFF, FELLOWS & DETAILEES Aysha House, Felipe Hoyos, Robert Hubbard, Julia Snouck-Hurgronje, Christopher Scott Aaronson, Alphanso Adams, Todd Sharon Hudson-Dean, Andrea Hughes, Snow, Nathaniel Sobel, Tristan Sola, Jen- Adams, Meeran Ahn, Susie Ahn, Elizabeth Meghan Hunt, William Hupp, Dan Hurd, nifer Solomon, Joseph Sophie, Connor Ahrens, Amy Akiyama, Stacey Albert, Sasha Eisele Ibarra, Jenny Jacobs. Sorenson, Luis Soria, Jaime Soto, Michael Albohm, Ihab Al-Dammagh, Artem Alekseev, Kalilah Jamall, Amy Jasperson, Naveed Sozan, Robert Spasovski, Sue Speer, Maria Katherine Alexander, Amir Al-Kourainy, Jazayeri, Deborah Johann, William John- Speiser, Stephen Stadius, Tim Standaert, Kerry Allen, Jaime Allentuck, Amela ston, Charlie Joughin, Madeline Joyce, Katy Marin Stein, William Stein, Sean Stewart, Alomerovic, Sherry Alstatt, Melissa Alva- Kale, Erik Kamrath, Brandon Kaufman, Caroline Stonecipher, Christine Stowe. rado, Digna Alvarez, Shahra Anderson. Kelly Keefe, Matt Kelly, Ryan Kent, Chris- Maria Stratienko, Brenda Strickland, Jen- Michael Anthony, Martine Apodaca, Bar- tina Kilgo, Grace Kim, Oliver Kim, Elizabeth nifer Suarez, William Sutey, Mohsin Syed, bara Arthur, Hazeen Ashby, Jill Ashton, King, Jena Kingery, Sheril Kirshenbaum, Charles Teague, Mary Templeton, Caroline Sheri Atkins, Rebecca Autrey, Yvonne Kenneth Kirton. Tess, Usha Tewari, Matthew Thomas, Baker, Disha Banik, Jacquelyn Bannister, Sarah Kleinman, Rachel Kline, Jesse Petrina Thomas, Chris Thompson, Kareen Michael Barbanera, Devon Barnhart, Jacob Knapp, Harry Knight, Dolly Kobernat, Nancy Thompson, Kathryn Thorp, Kyle Thorp, Barr, Matt Barranca, Jason Barrett, Koepke, Mark Kopelman, Rhoda Krause, Vanessa Thorrington, Monica Thurmond, Michelle Barth, Peter Batty, Georges Bauer, Pamela Krauss, Jessica Lamb, Rebecca Alexandre Tiersky, Alicia Tighe, Abigail Sean Beaudet, Anna Beecher. Lange, Matt Lawrence, Willowstine Lawson, Tinsley.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:35 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.032 S12DEPT1 S7480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 Bradley Torppey, Rebekah Torres, Joseph I knew BILL NELSON as a person. If all We live in a time where being crude Towey, Wilson Trawick, David Troha, I knew about him was that he and I did and abrasive is celebrated as strength, Yennie Tse, Mark Tucker, Alexander not always vote the same way on every while decency is oftentimes ridiculed Tureman, Aprill Turner, Mayra Uribe, Maya issue—that is what most people know as weakness. BILL NELSON has been an Vaidya, Jackie Valladares, Mark Van about us who serve here. That is one of Arnam, Jr., Mark Van Arnam, William example of decency. I cannot recall a Vaughan, Emilio Vazquez, Rupa Venkatesh, the challenges we so often face. The single time in our 8 years of service to- Darren Vierday, Pedro Villa, Patricia Wag- men and women we represent in our gether in which he did anything to ner. representative parties and in our rep- harm me, embarrass me, or in any way Carlie Waibel, Clarey Walker, Candace resentative political leanings usually create unnecessary conflict—in fact, Walls, Dorothy Walsh, Mary Walsh, Alyssa only know about our colleagues in the any conflict—on a personal level. In Wang, Annie Wang, Kimberley Warden, 3 minutes they may see us in a tele- fact, I would say the worst thing he Heather Wells, Shawn Whiteside, Laurence vision interview, but we get to know ever did to me was he once, in front of Wildgoose, Anthony Williams, Grant Wil- each other as people. We get to know an audience, accused me of being a liams, Matthew Williams, Michael Williamson, Kelsey Wilson, Desiree each other outside of politics. moderate. Wineland, Colleen Winstanley, Jennie I knew BILL NELSON, and I know BILL It goes further than that. Our staffs Witherspoon, Joanne Woerner, Simone Wood, NELSON, as a person and as a man. I am would travel together across the State. Brent Woolfork, Sue Wright, Muneera an enormous admirer of his knowledge Sometimes people would be shocked by Zaineldeen. of Florida. He knows every nook and it. They would gasp when my regional Mr. NELSON. To my wife Grace and cranny of the State. He might not re- director and his regional director my children Bill and Nan Ellen, I am so member this, but we were together on would share a ride to wind up at an grateful for the support you have pro- a Coast Guard aircraft after one of our event together, as if somehow Repub- vided throughout the years. The jour- storms, and as we overflew the State licans and Democrats are supposed to ney has been a joy. from above, he was pointing out and be allergic to each other, when, in fact, I leave this Senate today filled with identifying down at the street level in the end, no matter how we view our hope for the future and the fondest every corner of the geography of the politics, we are all going to be in this memories of my fellowship with great State. I remember thinking: I have Nation for the rest of our lives, so we friends here, but I admit, it is hard to been in Florida politics for awhile. I better figure out a way to work to- leave the friends and the work I love. I know the State fairly well, but he gether on the issues that will impact intend to keep fighting for all I have knew it down to the street level. So to us all. talked about in this short, final speech, try to keep pace, I went back and I will greatly miss the opportunity to and I intend to keep fighting for Flor- opened up the Atlas and tried to rep- continue to serve with him. I know his ida. licate 25, 30 years of State service to service to our Nation and our State is When it comes down to it, I am just try to at least be in the same neighbor- not finished. I know he will find new a country boy who has loved serving hood as he is in his knowledge of our endeavors. I know this simply because my State and our country for all of my State. It is incredibly impressive. It he is not one who is going to sit back life. It has been an incredible honor. wasn’t something he memorized by and rest and reflect. He is going to I yield the floor. looking at a book. It was because he keep working. I am excited to see what (Applause, Senators rising.) had been to all of these places at some God’s plans are for the rest of his The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- point during his time of service to our years. I believe there will be many ator from Florida. State. more because, despite the differences I would say that certainly in the last in our dates of birth—I am not saying f quarter century, there has been no he is old; I am saying he is older than TRIBUTE TO BILL NELSON greater champion not just for Florida’s I am—he could probably still beat me— Mr. RUBIO. Madam President, we space industry but for the space pro- in fact, he probably could always beat have just heard the words of the senior gram; not just for NASA but for all of me—in a pullup contest or a pushup Senator from my State, and I wanted it, for the belief that great nations do contest. This is actually not an exag- to just take a moment because it re- great things; that they explore the geration. It is true, which is why I have minded me of a truism that came to heavens. There has been no greater never challenged him to one. I will mind as I heard him speak and as I re- champion for it. greatly miss working with him in the flected back on our almost 8 years of His leaving the Senate will be a tre- Senate, but I look forward to working mendous loss and will require all of us service here together. with him beyond it. Political divisions have existed in to work harder to ensure that America I will say this, and I think this is no remains a nation active and engaged in our country since its very beginning. exaggeration. When the history of space. What has changed is, there was a time Florida politics is written, the name Above all else, I knew him—and not so long ago when Americans knew BILL NELSON will be among the giants know him—as a good man. I emphasize of Florida’s political history, for few each other; when Americans had polit- the word ‘‘man’’ because I think often- who have ever served at any level have ical differences, but they also served on times in our modern culture we have done more for a longer period in the the PTA board together; when we dis- developed a warped sense of what it service of the people of the Sunshine agreed about whom to vote for, but we truly takes to be a strong and good State than the senior Senator who, mo- coached each other’s kids in Little person. ments ago, bid his farewell to a place League or we were members of the We live in an era in which we cele- and a Chamber where he has done so same church and worshiped together or brate pride and arrogance, but I have much good for our State, for our Na- we lived side by side as neighbors. learned, through the example of watch- tion, and for the world. When all you know about someone is ing him up close, that BILL NELSON is a I yield the floor. whom they voted for or what their po- man with the kind of humility that our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- litical positions are, it is easy to dis- common faith tries to instill in us. ator from Minnesota. like them, but when you know them as He is a man that, at a time when it Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Madam President, a fellow parent, as a neighbor, as your is so easy to be indifferent to the suf- I rise to honor our friend BILL NELSON. children’s coach, as someone you live fering of others, in his service here, has As a member of the Commerce Com- side by side with, then you know them been a man of compassion. mittee, I have been able to see first- as a person. It is a lot easier to dislike He told you just a handful of stories. hand his leadership, and I have learned a political opponent than it is to dis- There are so many more real human a lot from him. like the whole person. beings with whom he has stayed en- I think we all heard his heartfelt re- I raise that point with you because I gaged in cases involving them, without marks about what he loves. He loves am very proud of the relationship, the cameras, without press, without bump- his service. He loves Grace up there working relationship, we have had in er stickers, without documentaries, or and his family. He loves his staff, and our 8 years here together. One of the any sort of recognition that so often he loves everything about the State of things that made that possible is that people seek in the political process. Florida.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:52 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.008 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7481 Service for him was, of course, serv- piano, when she is not even that good clearly in his element—introduced me ice in the Army, service as an astro- at it. to some alligators and some unwel- naut, service in the State government, We got to the event. All of the Sen- come python squatters, which nonethe- service in Congress, and service in the ators are there, and Grace is just smil- less love Florida too. I still have a U.S. Senate. ing like we are about to see Liberace photo holding on to one of those big I first met BILL in Minnesota. I am perform. Abigail was sitting there with snakes. It makes our rattlesnakes in not sure he remembers this, but I do her music with little Post-it notes on South Dakota look small by compari- because he was one of the first Sen- them. Harry Reid calls her up and says: son. ators I met other than a Minnesota The next to perform is Abigail Bessler. Certainly in the instances when we Senator. He came to help my good She has been playing piano since she used the authorities of our committee friend Paul Wellstone. I remember was 6 years old. I wanted to say: But to demand answers about all of these what struck me immediately about she only practices a half an hour a other important issues, we worked him was how kind he was and how week. closely together. warm he was. She gets up there, pounds it out, I was pleased to not only join him in Part of that, of course, was the stands up, and says: Now I am going to Florida but also to welcome him to warmth he was bringing from Florida. play a song that I made up. South Dakota to see some of the issues Maybe you wouldn’t think our States I am like: No. that are important in our State. On a have a lot in common, but what you And she played this song, and it actu- very, very cold October day, I had the might not know is that there are entire ally wasn’t that bad. privilege of showing Senator NELSON beaches in Florida filled with Minneso- The first one there to greet her was Mount Rushmore. I remember that as tans in the winter months, perhaps Grace. Grace said: That was so beau- we walked up there, the wind was blow- even entire towns—but at this point, tiful, Abigail. Perhaps tomorrow at the ing—as it typically does in South Da- he had come to our State. luncheon, you will just want to play kota—about 30 or 40 miles an hour, and It was no surprise, then, when I first the second song. the wind chills were very, very cold. I was elected and we got to Washington, Grace was so sweet to her and to our know that as someone who spends a lot that BILL and Grace were so welcoming family and to really all of the spouses of his time in the great State of Flor- to our family. They got me involved in and everyone she worked with. ida, where many of my constituents, So I think when we think of BILL, we the Prayer Breakfast, which has meant like those of Senator KLOBUCHAR’s, also think of Grace. It has been my a lot to me through my years in the spend their winters, it probably felt es- honor to work with both of them and Senate. It has been such a comfort. I pecially cold to him. But we had a to respect both of them. As Senator have gotten to know so many people, chance to go underground and look at RUBIO said, we know there are many really, because of their encouragement. some of the tunnels of the old great things ahead. I have gotten to know BILL’s leader- Homestake gold mine that are now Thank you, BILL. Thank you, Grace. ship firsthand, as I mentioned, on the host to the National Science Founda- I yield the floor. tion’s Deep Underground Science and Commerce Committee. I was talking to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- his staff about all of the things we did Engineering Laboratory. I remember ator from South Dakota. thinking at the time that Senator NEL- on that committee. I see Senator Mr. THUNE. Madam President, I rise SON is the only Senator in Senate office MCCASKILL here who also served with today to thank and honor our col- us and Senator THUNE, the chairman. who has been in space, so he has been league and ranking member of the thousands and thousands of miles in I remember when BILL took on lead Committee on Commerce, Science, and in toys. We both did that together. I re- space, and now he has been 5,000 feet Transportation, Senator BILL NELSON. underground, too, and there aren’t member him taking on all kinds of As has been mentioned by some of many people who can say that. consumer issues, time and again—the our colleagues, BILL NELSON has served BILL’s work in the Senate and on the 9–1–1 system, fraud and abuse—taking the people of Florida and our Nation on the issues that matter to people in Commerce Committee has left a leg- with distinction in a career spanning acy. I also want to acknowledge his their daily lives. Then the bigger more than four decades. things—modernizing our space pro- outstanding staff team who have sup- I have been honored to have BILL ported his efforts. He mentioned them. gram, our aviation policies, responding NELSON as a colleague from my first to disasters, and climate change. I re- My staff had the opportunity to work day in the Senate and for the last 4 closely with his staff, and they are the member once he said: ‘‘I have seen the years as a partner in an especially suc- very best and true professionals in blue brilliance of the Earth from the cessful working relationship on the every sense of the word. I am grateful edge of the heavens and I will fight on Commerce Committee. Over this time, for the work we have been able to do to save this planet.’’ we fostered a can-do spirit with com- together. What I will most remember BILL by mittee colleagues and drove nearly 100 As your colleague from Florida, Sen- is his incredible marriage to Grace at a committee legislative accomplish- ator RUBIO, pointed out, as you not time when it is not easy to be in the ments. Together, we worked on policy only leave this place but continue your Senate and make sure you keep your for our Nation’s future in technology, life in Florida, you will continue to im- relationship strong. Grace, of course, aviation, ocean management, surface pact that State in the profound way was in leadership in her own way in the transportation, scientific research, you have so much in the past. Senate’s spouse club. When I was down space, and many other areas. I just want to wish Senator NELSON there a few months ago, Grace told this Senator NELSON exhibited an espe- and his wife Grace all the best as they really nice story, when we were in cially extraordinary passion for head to more long, sunny days in their Jacksonville, about how my daughter prioritizing safety, the future of beloved home State of Florida. had played piano at Grace’s encourage- manned spaceflight, and an Madam President, I yield the floor. ment. They had the spouse event, and unshakeable belief that powerful com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- they smartly decided to have kids of panies should be held to account when ator from Texas. Senators perform. consumers aren’t treated fairly. Mr. CRUZ. Madam President, I rise I remember it a different way. I re- Certainly in the instances when we today to recognize my distinguished member the kids who were performing used the authorities of our committee colleague and friend, Senator BILL were, of course, their own daughter, to demand answers about cyber secu- NELSON. He has represented the people Nan Ellen, who is a beautiful singer rity failures, troubling privacy viola- of Florida in the U.S. Senate for 18 and sings ‘‘God Bless America’’ at tions, and the scourge of illegal years now. major stadiums; I remember Trent robocalling, I always knew that Sen- Today it may seem that there is very Lott’s son, who is a professional coun- ator NELSON had my back. We are both little that unites people of different try western singer, performing; and passionate about serving the people of parties in this Congress. It may seem a then I remember that my husband had our respective States. strange notion to say good things raised his hand and volunteered that I won’t soon forget my visit with about your political rivals and oppo- our 13-year-old daughter would play BILL to the Everglades, where he— nents. But this is America. I think the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:59 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.035 S12DEPT1 S7482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 day will never come where men and bipartisan cooperation, his team [Rollcall Vote No. 261 Leg.] women of honest hearts and good faith worked hand in hand with my team, YEAS—60 cannot come together and find common both committed to passing meaningful, Baldwin Gillibrand Murray goals worth fighting for together. important legislation, to finding com- Bennet Harris Nelson BILL and I have served together on promises that would make it not just Blumenthal Hassan Paul Booker Heinrich Peters the Senate Armed Services Committee through the Senate but through the Brown Heitkamp Reed and on the Senate Commerce Com- House and be signed into law, and the Cantwell Hirono Risch mittee, but the principal area where members of his staff were skilled and Cardin Jones Sanders Carper Kaine Schatz BILL and I have had the privilege of dedicated partners in producing those Casey King Schumer working closely together concerns results. Cassidy Klobuchar Shaheen space. BILL and I have worked hand in But I will tell you, beyond that, on a Collins Leahy Smith hand promoting and protecting Amer- very personal level, BILL is a good man. Coons Lee Stabenow Cortez Masto Manchin Tester ica’s program of space exploration and Just a moment ago, when I congratu- Crapo Markey Udall supporting the critical institutions in lated him on his farewell speech, he Daines McCaskill Van Hollen the State of Texas, the State of Flor- chuckled and said: I may be one of the Donnelly Menendez Warner Duckworth Merkley Warren ida, and throughout the country that only people who have taken you to din- Durbin Moran Whitehouse have made our country a world leader ner. And you know, that is right. Feinstein Murkowski Wyden in space. It has been a truly bipartisan I remember back in 2013—my first Flake Murphy Young partnership. Both BILL and I believe year in this body—it was a tumultuous NAYS—39 that America is and should be going time. We were in the midst of battles Alexander Gardner McConnell forward the leader in space, that we where more than a few bare-knuckle Barrasso Graham Perdue have a responsibility, and that there punches were being thrown all around. Blunt Grassley Portman Boozman Hatch Roberts are great and glorious things to accom- ILL Right in the midst of that, B said: Burr Heller Rounds plish for mankind through space explo- Ted, why don’t you come out and have Capito Hoeven Rubio ration. In this time of bitter, partisan dinner with Grace and me. The two of Corker Hyde-Smith Sasse division, of nasty personal rivalries, we them took me to dinner, and we had a Cornyn Inhofe Scott Cotton Isakson Shelby have been able to see truly bipartisan delightful, relaxing, engaging dinner. Cruz Johnson Sullivan cooperation. We didn’t debate big policy; we simply Enzi Kennedy Thune We worked together hand in hand on talked as three human beings privi- Ernst Kyl Toomey the 2015 commercial space bill, passed leged to have the chance to serve our Fischer Lankford Wicker into law and signed into law by Presi- country. It was a gesture of friendship. NOT VOTING—1 dent Obama. We worked hand in hand We all know that Harry Truman fa- Tillis on the NASA Authorization Act of 2017. mously said: If you want a friend in The motion was agreed to. We worked hand in hand and passed politics, buy a dog. That has not been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that into law, signed into law by Presi- the approach BILL NELSON has taken to clerk will report the motion. dent Trump. There are very few major, politics. He extended a hand of friend- The legislative clerk read as follows: substantive areas that have major leg- ship, and that blossomed into coopera- A joint resolution (S.J. Res. 54) to direct islation, one signed by Obama and one tion, and it blossomed into accomplish- the removal of the United States Armed signed by Trump. I think that is a re- ments together for the United States Forces from hostilities in the Republic of flection of the bipartisan cooperation and for the States of Florida and Yemen that have not been authorized by we have seen. Texas. Congress. We worked hand in hand on the BILL, it has been a privilege to work The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Space Frontier Act, and we are work- with you, and I look forward to con- jority leader. ing together to extend the operation of tinuing to work with you in the years Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the International Space Station to ahead in your next chapter. It is an believe there are problems with the law 2030. That accomplishment, that co- honor to serve with you. governing the consideration of these operation is good for America, and it is I yield the floor. types of resolutions. One of biggest is good for our leadership in space. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the consideration of amendments. I I have to say that I am still jealous ator from Vermont. have a series of parliamentary inquir- that, unlike Senator NELSON, I haven’t f ies that I think will help clarify the been on an actual trip to space for a problems with the statute. hands-on experience, but I suppose any- DIRECTING THE REMOVAL OF Parliamentary inquiry: Does this thing can happen. UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES statute provide any guidelines for the BILL, I promise you, our work will FROM HOSTILITIES IN THE RE- consideration of amendments on this continue. America’s leadership in space PUBLIC OF YEMEN THAT HAVE resolution? will continue. We will persevere and NOT BEEN AUTHORIZED BY CON- The PRESIDING OFFICER. No, it constantly show those who say it can’t GRESS does not. The statute does not set forth be done that there is still the will to Mr. SANDERS. Madam President, I the text to be used in the joint resolu- drive, to explore, to create, to learn, move to proceed to S.J. Res. 54. tion, and this statute uses the expe- and to search the unknown for answers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The dited procedures from the Arms Export BILL, you are right—I believe that in question is on agreeing to the motion Control Act, a statute which does not our lifetime, a human being will step to proceed. allow amendments, so there are no pa- foot on the surface of Mars and that Mr. SANDERS. I ask for the yeas and rameters for the consideration of the first boot that lands on the red nays. amendments built into the language. planet will be the American boot of an The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Mr. MCCONNELL. I believe that most American astronaut planting the flag sufficient second? times the Senate uses expedited proce- of the United States of America. There appears to be a sufficient sec- dures, we have either a germaneness There is still a will in our Nation to ond. requirement for amendments or they tame the stars and behold the wonders The clerk will call the roll. cannot be amended. Can the Chair ex- of creation even closer. I will say that The bill clerk called the roll. pound on what some of those are and spirit of exploration also inspires gen- Mr. CORNYN. The following Senator what that concept means in the Sen- erations of little boys and little girls is necessarily absent: the Senator from ate? who look to the skies and wonder, what North Carolina (Mr. TILLIS). The PRESIDING OFFICER. Gen- if? We cannot limit our gaze on the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. erally speaking, when the Senate con- Earth below us; it isn’t in our nature. TOOMEY). Are there any other Senators siders a measure under statutory expe- I will say finally, in addition to his in the Chamber desiring to vote? dited procedures, like the Budget Act, commitment to space leadership—and I The result was announced—yeas 60, the Congressional Review Act, the would note that in addition to BILL’s nays 39, as follows: Trade Act, or the Arms Control Act—or

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:59 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.037 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7483 even under the Cloture Rule—there are Mr. CORNYN. The following Senator the world, with there being as many as guardrails for the consideration of the is necessarily absent: the Senator from 10,000 new cases each week, according measure and for amendments thereto. North Carolina (Mr. TILLIS). to the World Health Organization. This There are statutes and rules with pre- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. is a disease that is spread by infected scribed text, limits on debate time, ju- GARDNER). Are there any other Sen- water that causes severe diarrhea and risdictional fences, filing deadlines, ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? dehydration and will only accelerate and germaneness requirements or a The result was announced—yeas 96, the death rate. The cholera outbreak complete prohibition on amendments. nays 3, as follows: has occurred because Saudi bombs have Often, there are points of order and [Rollcall Vote No. 262 Leg.] destroyed Yemen’s water infrastruc- waivers written into the structure as YEAS—96 ture and because people there are no well. The Senate trades its normal pro- Alexander Gardner Murphy longer able to access clean water. cedure of unfettered debate and amend- Baldwin Gillibrand Murray Last week, New York Times col- Barrasso Graham Nelson ment and the need for 60 votes to end Bennet Grassley Perdue umnist Nicholas Kristof wrote an arti- debate and consideration for a more Blumenthal Harris Peters cle, which I urge all Members to read, predictable, structured, and stream- Blunt Hassan Portman that describes his recent visit to lined process of consideration and a Booker Hatch Reed Yemen. Boozman Heinrich Risch majority threshold vote. Brown Heitkamp Roberts I ask unanimous consent to have Mr. MCCONNELL. In the opinion of Burr Heller Rounds printed in the RECORD the New York the Chair, is a statute with no end Cantwell Hirono Rubio Times article, ‘‘Your Tax Dollars Help Capito Hoeven Sanders Starve Children.’’ point for consideration and no restric- Cardin Hyde-Smith Sasse tions on text or amendments con- Carper Inhofe Schatz There being no objection, the mate- sistent with the other expedited proce- Casey Isakson Schumer rial was ordered to be printed in the dures which the Senate often uses? Cassidy Johnson Scott RECORD, as follows: Collins Jones Shaheen The PRESIDING OFFICER. No. The Coons Kaine Shelby [From the New York Times, Dec. 7, 2018] construct is inconsistent with the con- Corker Kennedy Smith OPINION—YOUR TAX DOLLARS HELP STARVE cepts embodied in other expedited Cornyn King Stabenow CHILDREN processes—even those that are them- Cortez Masto Klobuchar Sullivan Cotton Kyl Tester (By Nicholas Kristof) selves flawed—and the opportunity for Crapo Lankford Thune ADEN, Yemen.—He is an 8-year-old boy who abuse of this process is limitless. Daines Leahy Toomey is starving and has limbs like sticks, but Mr. MCCONNELL. I agree with the Donnelly Manchin Udall Yaqoob Walid doesn’t cry or complain. He Chair, and I think the Senate should Duckworth Markey Van Hollen gazes stolidly ahead, tuning out everything, Durbin McCaskill Warner for in late stages of starvation the human speak to this issue. Enzi McConnell Warren The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Ernst Menendez Whitehouse body focuses every calorie simply on keeping the organs functioning. ator from Tennessee. Feinstein Merkley Wicker Fischer Moran Wyden Yaqoob arrived unconscious at Al Sadaqa Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I think Flake Murkowski Young Hospital here, weighing just over 30 pounds. it is important when using expedited NAYS—3 He has suffered complications, and doctors procedures, especially on matters of say that it is unclear he will survive and national security such as this, the Sen- Cruz Lee Paul that if he does he may suffer permanent ate limit consideration to the matter NOT VOTING—1 brain damage. at hand. Therefore, I raise a point of Tillis Some 85,000 children may have already died order that amendments offered under here in Yemen, and 12 million more people The point of order is taken. may be on the brink of starvation, casualties 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) must be germane to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- in part of the three-year-old American- the underlying joint resolution to ator from Vermont. backed Saudi war in Yemen. United Nations which they are offered. Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I ask officials and aid experts warn that this could The PRESIDING OFFICER. The laws unanimous consent to use an oversized become the worst famine the world has seen governing the consideration of this floor display. in a generation. type of resolution do not prescribe The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘The risk of a major catastrophe is very what type of amendments can be con- objection, it is so ordered. high,’’ Mark Lowcock, the United Nations humanitarian chief, told me. ‘‘In the worst sidered. The Senate has not previously YEMEN WAR POWERS RESOLUTION case, what we have in Yemen now has the po- considered this question; therefore, the Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I come tential to be worse than anything any pro- Chair submits the question to the Sen- to the floor to talk about one of the fessional in this field has seen during their ate for its decision, Shall amendments great humanitarian crises facing our working lives.’’ offered under 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) be ger- planet, and that is the horrific war in Both the Obama and Trump administra- mane to the underlying joint resolu- Yemen. tions have supported the Saudi war in tion to which they are offered? In March of 2015, under the leadership Yemen with a military partnership, arms The question is debatable for 1 hour. of Muhammad bin Salman, who was sales, intelligence sharing and until recently Mr. CORKER. I yield the floor. then the Saudi Defense Minister and is air-to-air refueling. The United States is thus complicit in what some human rights The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- now, of course, the Crown Prince, experts believe are war crimes. ator from Vermont. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab The bottom line: Our tax dollars are going Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I just Emirates intervened in Yemen’s ongo- to starve children. wanted clarification. Was it section ing civil war. As a result of the Saudi- I fell in love with Yemen’s beauty and 1546 or 1446? UAE intervention, Yemen is now expe- friendliness on my first visit, in 2002, but You are right. OK. riencing the worst humanitarian dis- this enchanting country is now in convul- I yield the floor. aster in the world. sions. When people hear an airplane today in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without According to the United Nations, much of Yemen, they flinch and wonder if Yemen is at risk of the most severe they are about to be bombed, and I had inter- objection, all time is yielded. views interrupted by automatic weapons fire The question is, Shall amendments famine in more than 100 years, with overhead. offered under 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) be ger- some 14 million people facing starva- After witnessing the human toll and inter- mane to the underlying joint resolu- tion. In one of the poorest countries on viewing officials on both sides, including the tion to which they are offered? Earth, as a result of this terrible war, president of the Houthi rebels who control Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask for the yeas according to the Save the Children or- much of Yemen, I find the American and and nays. ganization, some 85,000 Yemeni chil- Saudi role in this conflict to be unconscion- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a dren have already starved to death able. The Houthis are repressive and sufficient second? untrustworthy, but this is not a reason to over the last several years, and mil- bomb and starve Yemeni children. There appears to be a sufficient sec- lions more face starvation if the war What is most infuriating is that the hun- ond. continues. ger is caused not by drought or extreme The clerk will call the roll. Further, Yemen is currently experi- weather, but by cynical and failed policies in The legislative clerk called the roll. encing the worst cholera outbreak in Riyadh and Washington. The starvation does

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.038 S12DEPT1 S7484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 not seem to be an accidental byproduct of Yemen began to disintegrate in the after- Yemen? Do we speak Farsi?’’ This was all a war, but rather a weapon in it. Saudi Arabia math of the Arab Spring, and then the trick, he said, analogous to the allegations and the United Arab Emirates, backed by the Houthis, a traditional clan in the north, of weapons of mass destruction used to jus- United States, are trying to inflict pain to swept down on Sana and seized much of the tify war with Iraq. gain leverage over and destabilize the Houthi country. The Houthis follow Zaydi Islam, While the Houthis are called ‘‘rebels,’’ they rebels. The reason: The Houthis are allied which is related to the Shiite branch domi- clearly rule their territory. In contrast, the with Iran. nant in Iran, and the Saudis and some Amer- Saudi- and American-backed ‘‘internation- The governments of Saudi Arabia and the icans see them as Iranian stooges. ally recognized government’’ of Yemen is a United States don’t want you to see pictures In some ways, the Houthis have been suc- shell that controls almost no territory— like Yaqoob’s or reflect on the suffering in cessful. They have imposed order and hence it is based in Riyadh. The ‘‘president’’ Yemen. The Saudis impose a partial block- crushed Al Qaeda and the Islamic State in of this exile government, Abdu Rabbu ade on Houthi areas, banning commercial the parts of Yemen they control, and in Sana Mansour Hadi, is said to be gravely ill, and flights and barring journalists from special I felt secure and didn’t fear kidnapping. when he is gone it will be even more difficult United Nations planes there. I’ve been trying However, the Houthis operate a police to sustain the fiction that this is a real gov- for more than two years to get through the state and are hostile to uncovered women, ernment. Saudi blockade, and I finally was able to by gays and anyone bold enough to criticize More broadly, I don’t see any hint of a tagging onto Lowcock’s United Nations dele- them. They recruit child soldiers from the Saudi or American strategy. There’s little gation. age of about 12 (the Saudi- and American- sign that bombing and starvation will actu- After a major famine, there is always soul- backed forces wait until boys are about 15), ally dislodge the Houthis, while the Saudi searching about how the world could have al- interfere with food aid, and have engaged in military action and resulting chaos has ben- lowed this to happen. What’s needed this torture and attacks on civilians. efited the Yemeni branches of Al Qaeda and time is not soul-searching a few years from Still, the civilian loss of life has over- the Islamic State. In that sense, America’s now, but action today to end the war and whelmingly been caused not by the Houthis conduct in Yemen has hurt our own national prevent a cataclysm. but by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emir- security. The problem in Yemen is not so much a ates and America, through both bombings In one sign of the ineffectiveness of the shortage of food as it is an economic col- and starvation. It’s ridiculous for the Trump Western-backed government, the hunger is lapse—GDP has fallen in half since the war administration to be exploring naming the now as severe in its areas as in the rebel-held started—that has left people unable to afford Houthis a terrorist organization. And while north. I saw worse starvation in Aden, the food. the Houthis are allies of Iran, I think the lovely seaside city in the south that is nomi- Yaqoob was especially vulnerable. He is Saudis exaggerate when they suggest that nally run by the internationally recognized the second of eight children in a poor house- the Houthis are Iranian pawns. government, than in Houthi-controlled Sana. hold with a father who has mental health The foreign minister on the Houthi side is And while I felt reasonably secure in problems and can’t work steadily. Moreover, Hisham Sharaf Abdalla, a congenial Amer- Houthi-controlled areas, I was perpetually the father, like many Yemenis, chews qat— ican-educated official. nervous in Aden. Abductions and murders a narcotic leaf that is very widely used in ‘‘I love the U.S.,’’ Mr. Sharaf told me. ‘‘We occur regularly there, and my guesthouse of- Yemen and offers an easy high. This con- look to the U.S. as the only force that can fered not a mint on the pillow, but a bullet- sumes about $1 a day, reducing the budget stop this war.’’ proof vest; at night, sleep was interrupted by Peace talks are now beginning in Sweden— available for food. The family sold some land nearby fighting among unknown gunmen. few people expect them to solve the crisis to pay for Yaqoob’s care, so its situation is What limited order exists in Aden is pro- soon—and he insisted that his side was eager now even more precarious. vided by soldiers from the United Arab Emir- to reach a peace deal and improve relations A few rooms down from Yaqoob was Fawaz ates and allied militias, and I worry that the with America. Abdullah, 18 months old, his skin mottled U.A.E. is getting fed up with the war and After our conversation, he brought me over and discolored with sores. Fawaz is so mal- may pull them out without alternative ar- to his desk and showed me his assault rifle nourished that he has never been able to rangements for security. If that happens, and two handguns. ‘‘When I was in the U.S., walk or say more than ‘‘Ma’’ or ‘‘Ba.’’ Aden may soon plunge into Somalia-like I was a member of the N.R.A.,’’ he told me. Fawaz’s mother, Ruqaya Saleh, explained chaos. ‘‘I would like to have an N.R.A. chapter in that life fell apart after her home in the port Mohamed Zemam, the governor of the cen- Yemen.’’ city of Hudaydah was destroyed by a bomb Mr. Sharaf talks a good game but is not tral bank, believes that there are ways to (probably an American one, as many are). himself a Houthi, just an ally, so I wondered shore up the economy and prevent starva- Her family fled to Aden, and her husband is if he was a figurehead trotted out to impress tion. But he cautions that the risk of an- struggling to find occasional work as a day foreigners. Later I interviewed a man whose other Somalia is real, and he estimates that laborer. power is unquestioned: Muhammad Ali al- there may be two million Yemenis in one ‘‘I used to be able to buy whatever I want- Houthi, the president of the Supreme Revo- fighting force or another. ed, including meat and fish,’’ she told me. ‘‘What they have is the way of the gun,’’ he lutionary Committee. As his name signifies, Since fleeing, she said, war-induced poverty said. ‘‘If we don’t solve that, we will have he is a member of the Houthi clan. has meant that she hasn’t been able to buy An aide picked me up and ferried me to problems for 100 years.’’ Another danger is that the Saudi coalition a single fish or egg—and that is why Fawaz him, for President Houthi changes locations will press ahead so that fighting closes the suffers severe protein deficiency. daily to avoid being bombed by the Saudis. ‘‘They asked me to buy milk for Fawaz, President Houthi, a large, confident man port of Hudaydah, through which most food but we can’t afford it now,’’ she said. with a traditional dagger at his belly, was and fuel come. We think of war casualties as men with friendly to me but also suspicious of the I stopped in Saudi Arabia to speak to sen- their legs blown off. But in Yemen the most United States and full of conspiracy theo- ior officials there about Yemen, and we had common war casualties are children like ries. He suggested that Washington was se- some tough exchanges. I showed them photos Fawaz who suffer malnutrition. cretly arming Al Qaeda and that the United on my phone of starving children, and they Some will die. Even the survivors may suf- States was calling the shots for Saudi Arabia said that this was unfortunate and fer lifelong brain damage. A majority of in Yemen, at the behest of Israel. undesired. ‘‘We are not devils,’’ one said in- Yemen children are now believed to be phys- Still, he said that he wanted peace and dignantly. They insisted that they would ically stunted from malnutrition (46 percent that although the Houthis have fired mis- welcome peace—but that they must confront were stunted even before the war), and phys- siles at Saudi Arabia, his side would pose no the Houthis. ical stunting is frequently accompanied by threat to Saudi Arabia if the Saudis would ‘‘The most important thing for us is na- diminished brain development. only end their assault on Yemen. tional security,’’ the Saudi ambassador to ‘‘These children are the future of Yemen,’’ ‘‘There’s no need for enmity with the Yemen, Mohammed Al-Jabir, told me. Dr. Dr. Aida Hussein, a nutrition specialist, told United States,’’ he told me in Arabic, and Abdullah Al Rabeeah, an adviser to the royal me, looking at Fawaz. ‘‘He will be stunted. that seemed a message he wanted me to con- court and director of a fund that provides aid How will he do in school?’’ vey to Washington and the American people. to Yemen, told me that Saudis don’t want to The war and lack of health care facilities I asked President Houthi about the sarkha, see hunger in Yemen but added: ‘‘We will have also led to outbreaks of deadly diseases the group’s slogan: ‘‘God is great! Death to continue to do what it takes to fight ter- like diphtheria and cholera. Half of the coun- America! Death to Israel! Curses on the rorism. It’s not an easy decision.’’ try’s clinics and hospitals are closed. Jews! Victory to Islam!’’ That didn’t seem so Saudi and U.A.E. officials note that they In the capital, Sana, I met a child who was friendly, I said. provide an enormous amount of humani- suffering both malnutrition and cholera. The ‘‘It’s nothing against the American peo- tarian aid to Yemen. This is true, and it boy was Saddam Hussein (he was named for ple,’’ he replied. ‘‘It’s directed toward the mitigates the suffering there. But it’s dif- the Iraqi leader), eight years old, and the system.’’ ficult to give the Saudis much credit for re- parents repeat the mantra I hear from every- When I asked about Saudi and American lieving the suffering of a country that they one: Life is much worse now because of the suggestions that the Houthis are Iranian are bombing and starving. war. pawns, he laughed. To avert a catastrophe in Yemen, the ‘‘We don’t know what we will eat tomor- ‘‘That’s just propaganda,’’ he said. ‘‘I ask world needs to provide more humanitarian row,’’ Saddam’s mother told me. you: Have you ever seen one Iranian in aid. But above all, the war has to end.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.013 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7485 ‘‘You’re not going to solve this long-term rebels. The reason: The Houthis are allied is the promise of unconditional U.S. until the war is ended,’’ said David Beasley, with Iran. support for the Saudis that have under- the executive director of the World Food He continues: mined the efforts toward peace. We Program. ‘‘It’s a man-made problem, and it The problem in Yemen is not so much a have evidence for this. needs a man-made solution.’’ Just yesterday, we received news That solution will entail strong American shortage of food as it is an economic col- backing for a difficult United Nations- lapse—GDP has fallen in half since the war that U.N. Special Envoy Martin Grif- backed peace process involving Yemeni fac- started—that has left people unable to afford fiths made a breakthrough agreement tions and outsiders, aiming for a measure of food. for the exchange in that war of some power sharing. This diplomatic process re- Kristof continues, and I want you to 15,000 prisoners—a significant develop- quires engaging the Houthis, not just bomb- hear this: ment. This is an important step in ing them. It also means a cease-fire and pres- We think of war casualties as men with building the necessary trust for a sure on all sides to ensure humanitarian ac- their legs blown off. But in Yemen the most broader peace agreement. cess and the passage of food and fuel. The common war casualties are children like A piece published today in TRT best leverage America has to make the Fawaz who suffer malnutrition. World observes: ‘‘[T]here seems to be a Saudis part of the solution is to suspend arms sales to Riyadh so long as the Saudis He continues: firmer willingness to reach an agree- continue the war. Some will die. Even the survivors may suf- ment than in previous talks, as the In conference rooms in Riyadh and Wash- fer lifelong brain damage. A majority of Yemeni government realises that the ington, officials simply don’t fathom the Yemen children are now believed to be phys- international pressure on its backer, human toll of their policies. ically stunted from malnutrition. Saudi Arabia, is growing.’’ In a makeshift camp for displaced people Let me repeat that: So our effort to move this resolution in Aden, I met a couple who lost two daugh- forward may have already made a posi- ters—Bayan, 11, and Bonyan, 8—in a bombing A majority of Yemen children are now be- lieved to be physically stunted from mal- tive impact. I thank all of my 18 co- in a crowded market. sponsors and all of the many civil soci- ‘‘I heard the bomb and I went running after nutrition (46 percent were stunted even be- them,’’ the dad, Ahmed Abdullah, told me fore the war), and physical stunting is fre- ety organizations—progressive and with an ache in his voice. ‘‘They were dead. quently accompanied by diminished brain conservative—who have worked so hard One had her skull burst open, and the other development. to raise awareness of this horrific con- had no arms or legs left.’’ ‘‘These children are the future of flict. He told me that the family then fled, and Yemen,’’ Dr. Aida Hussein, a nutrition Above and beyond the humanitarian he married off a 15-year-old daughter so that specialist, told me, looking at Fawaz. crisis, this war has been a disaster for someone else would be responsible for feed- ‘‘He will be stunted. How will he do in our national security and for the secu- ing her. This is common: The share of girls school?’’ rity of the region. The administration married by age 18 has increased from 50 per- defends our engagement in Yemen by cent before the war to two-thirds today, ac- The war and lack of health care facilities cording to Unicef. have also led to outbreaks of deadly diseases overstating Iranian support for the Another son died of fever when the family like diphtheria and cholera. Half of the coun- Houthi rebels. Let me be clear. Iran’s could not afford to take the boy to a hos- try’s clinics and hospitals are closed. support for Houthis is of serious con- pital. There are several other children, and That was written by Nick Kristof of cern for me, and I believe for all of us, none of them are going to school any more; the New York Times. but the fact is, the relationship be- a 10-year-old daughter, Baraa, who is next in The fact of the matter is that the tween Iran and the Houthis has only line to be married, couldn’t tell me what been strengthened with the intensifica- seven plus eight equals. United States, with very little media attention, has been Saudi Arabia’s tion of the war. This war is creating A bit hesitantly, I told Ahmed that I the very problem the Trump adminis- thought that my country, America, had partner in this horrific war. We have probably provided the bomb that had killed been providing the bombs the Saudi-led tration claims it wants to solve. his daughters. He was not angry, just re- coalition has been using, refueling Further, the war is also undermining signed. their planes before they drop those the broader effort against violent ex- ‘‘I am not an educated person,’’ he told me bombs, and assisting with intelligence. tremists. A 2016 State Department re- earnestly. ‘‘I am a simple parent.’’ And then In too many cases, our weapons are port found the conflict has helped al- he offered more wisdom than I heard from Qaida and ISIS ‘‘deepen their inroads being used to kill civilians. In August, the sophisticated policy architects in Amer- across much of the country.’’ This war, it was an American-made bomb that ica and Saudi Arabia: ‘‘My message is that I as I see it, is both a humanitarian and obliterated a schoolbus full of young want the war to stop.’’ a strategic disaster. Mr. SANDERS. Let me just take this boys, killing dozens and wounding Further—and I think it is important opportunity to quote some of what he many others. A CNN report found evi- to state what everybody knows, al- said in that December 7 New York dence that American weapons have though we don’t talk about it terribly Times article: been used in a string of such deadly at- often—Saudi Arabia is a despotic re- Some 85,000 children may have already died tacks on civilians since the war began. gime, controlled by one family, the here in Yemen, and 12 million more people According to the independent moni- Saud family, one of the wealthiest and may be on the brink of starvation, casualties toring group, Yemen Data Project, be- most powerful families on Earth. in part of the three-year-old American- tween 2015 and March 2018, more than In a 2017 report by the Cato Insti- backed Saudi war in Yemen. United Nations 30 percent of the Saudi-led coalition’s tute—a conservative think tank— officials and aid experts warn that this could targets have been nonmilitary. Saudi Arabia was ranked 149th out of become the worst famine the world has seen A few weeks ago, I met with several in a generation. 159 countries for freedom and human brave human rights activists from rights. For decades, the Saudis have ‘‘The risk of a major catastrophe is Yemen in my office. They had come to funded schools, mosques, and preachers very high,’’ Mark Lowcock, the United urge Congress to put a stop to this war. who promote an extreme form of Islam Nations humanitarian chief, told me. They told me, clearly, when Yemenis known as Wahhabism. ‘‘In the worst case, what we have in see ‘‘Made in USA’’ on the bombs that In Saudi Arabia today, women are Yemen now has the potential to be are killing them, it tells them the USA not treated as second-class citizens; worse than anything any professional is responsible for this war, and that is they are treated as third-class citizens. in this field has seen during their the sad truth. Women still need, in the year 2018, the working lives.’’ The bottom line is, the United States permission of a male guardian to go to Nicholas Kristof continues: should not be supporting a cata- school or to get a job. They have to fol- What is most infuriating is that the hun- strophic war led by a despotic regime low a strict dress code and can be ger is caused not by drought or extreme with a dangerous and irresponsible stoned to death for adultery or flogged weather, but by cynical and failed policies in military policy. for spending time in the company of a Riyadh and Washington. The starvation does Some have suggested that Congress not seem to be an accidental byproduct of man who is not their relative. war, but rather a weapon in it. Saudi Arabia moving to withdraw support from this Earlier this year, Saudi activist, and the United Arab Emirates, backed by the war would undermine U.N. efforts to Loujain al-Hathloul, a leader in the United States, are trying to inflict pain to reach a peace agreement, but I would fight for women’s rights in Saudi Ara- gain leverage over and destabilize the Houthi argue that the exact opposite is true. It bia, was kidnapped from Abu Dhabi and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.014 S12DEPT1 S7486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 forced to return to the country. She is troops are now in Syria under what I concerns me—he knows I have con- currently being held without charges. believe are questionable authorities. cerns—that if we use this vehicle, then The same is true of many other Saudi The time is long overdue for Congress we may have 30 or 40 instances where political activists. to reassert its constitutional role in this vehicle might be used to do some- Human Rights Watch recently re- determining when and where our coun- thing that really should not be dealt ported that imprisoned women activ- try goes to war. with by the War Powers Act. ists have been subjected to torture, in- If you want to vote for a war, vote for I will say, the strong passage of the cluding electric shocks, and other a war. If you want to vote against a germaneness issue we just dispensed forms of physical and sexual assault. war, vote against a war, but we as a with helps. It helps a great deal. So Further, as every Member of the Sen- Congress have to accept our constitu- now, in the future, if this particular ve- ate knows or should know, there is now tional responsibility; that it is ours, hicle is utilized, we now know we have overwhelming evidence that Saudi not the Presidents of the United set the precedent that only germane Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman States. issues can be brought up. was responsible for the brutal murder This resolution provides that oppor- I did have concerns—and we have of Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi dissident tunity. It finally says that in this one now solved those—that other issues who lived in the United States. He was war in Yemen—this terrible, horrific might be brought up and all of a sud- a columnist for the Washington Post. war—that Congress is prepared to act, den, the leaders would lose control of He made the mistake of going into the and I hope very much that all of us will the floor. I would like to see Members Saudi consulate in Turkey and never seize this opportunity. have more votes. I agree with that. But came out alive. We believe his body For the sake of starving children in I think we have now narrowed this in a was dismembered, and nobody knows Yemen; for the sake of what this coun- very appropriate way. where it is. try stands for in terms of democracy The Senator and I have discussed a Unbelievably, President Trump con- and human rights and not following resolution that is separate and apart tinues—despite the overwhelming evi- the leadership of a despotic, authori- from this. I have agreed with Senators dence of the Crown Prince’s involve- tarian regime; for the sake of the U.S. on the other side of the aisle that I will ment in the murder of a man living in Constitution and the fact that it is not introduce that resolution until this the United States, a Saudi dissident Congress and not the President who issue has been dispensed with. I do journalist—to proclaim his love and af- has the authority to make war; for all hope we will have a unanimous vote on fection for the Crown Prince and the of these reasons and more, I ask strong it to strongly condemn the Crown Saudi regime, but that is not how, in support for this important resolution. Prince of Saudi Arabia for the actions my view, the American people feel. With that, I yield the floor. he has taken relative to killing the For too many years, American men The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- journalist—who was a resident of the and women in our military have put ator from Tennessee. United States and has children living their lives on the line in the never-end- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I want here—in the consulate in Turkey. That ing struggle for democracy and human to thank the Senator for most of the is a separate issue that I hope we will rights, and we cannot and must not comments he made. I think they were take up almost immediately after we turn their struggles, their sacrifices made very eloquently. I share many of dispense with this. aside in order to follow the military the same concerns the Senator has. I want to thank the Senator for his adventurism of a despotic regime. That I voted to cause this to come out of concern. I share many of those con- is not what this country is supposed to committee because I felt this discus- cerns. We have some legal concerns be about. sion on the Senate floor needed to take right now about using this vehicle, and Finally, an issue that has long been a place. the Senator knows that. I am con- concern to many of us—conservatives The Senator from Vermont knows I cerned about where this goes down the and progressives—is that this war has have concerns about using this vehicle road. We will have some amendments not been authorized by Congress and is to do it, but by causing this debate to we will deal with over the next day or therefore unconstitutional. Article I of take place, many of the concerns the so that may clear that up to a degree. the Constitution clearly states it is Senator has expressed will be expressed I just want to say to him that even Congress, not the President, that has by others, and I agree with many of though we have legal concerns about the power to send our men and women those. this particular process, I thank him for into war—Congress, not the President. Saudi Arabia has not conducted this his concern for the citizens there, for The Framers of our Constitution, the war in a manner, in my opinion, that his admonishment, for his demarching Founders of this country, gave the takes into account the great harm that of a Crown Prince in Saudi Arabia who power to declare war to Congress—the is taking place with civilians. I agree I believe is out of control, doing things branch most accountable to the peo- with that 100 percent. on top of killing journalists—block- ple—not to the President, who is often I am more than nonplussed over the ading Qatar without even thinking, ar- isolated from the reality of what is fact that I believe—and I have sat in a resting a Prime Minister in Lebanon— taking place in our communities. very detailed—very detailed—intel- things that no one would think would The truth is—and Democratic and ligence review of what happened with be appropriate for international norms. Republican Presidents are responsible, the journalist at the consulate in Tur- I know we will have other speakers and Democratic and Republican Con- key, and I absolutely believe that if the coming to the floor. We may disagree gresses are responsible—that for many Crown Prince came before a jury in the on process, but many of the issues the years, Congress has not exercised its United States of America, he would be Senator has brought up today I agree constitutional responsibility over convicted guilty in under 30 minutes. I with wholeheartedly. whether our young men and women go absolutely believe he directed it; I be- I yield the floor. off to war. lieve he monitored it; and I believe he The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I think there is growing sentiment is responsible for it. ator from New Jersey. all over this country from Republicans, I have had concerns about using this Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, I from Democrats, from Independents, vehicle, and I have concerns about rise today to discuss S.J. Res. 54, a from progressives, and from conserv- what this may mean as we set a prece- pointed statement from the U.S. Sen- atives that right now, Congress cannot dent about refueling and intelligence ate that the status quo in Yemen is not continue to abdicate its constitutional activities being considered hostilities. tenable, that we will not stand idly by responsibility. I am concerned about that. as the President lends our country’s I believe we have become far too I think the Senator knows we have name to the calamitous military forays comfortable with the United States en- operations throughout Northern Afri- of another nation, and that our secu- gaging in military interventions all ca, where we are working with other rity partners across the world do not over the world. We have now been in governments on intelligence to counter have a blank check. Afghanistan for over 17 years—the terrorism. We are doing refueling ac- To my knowledge, this is the first longest war in American history. Our tivists in Northern Africa now, and it time the Senate has considered a joint

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.041 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7487 resolution under this provision, which fering, nor put an end to human rights access in Yemen, sanctions persons is directly derived from the Wars Pow- violations. supporting the Houthis in Yemen, man- ers Resolution. This is an important What this resolution does do, how- dates Global Magnitsky sanctions on step to reasserting Congress’s role in ever, is send a strong message to the persons responsible for the death of authorizing the use of force. I was Saudis about U.S. global leadership. It American resident Jamal Khashoggi. proud to see a strong show of support is a message that says the United Unfortunately, we have not been able for the procedural vote to move this States will not stand by as countries— to get to this legislation in the time- resolution forward, and I hope my col- even those with which we have impor- frame that we have, but let me be leagues on both sides of the aisle con- tant security relationships—flagrantly clear. We will continue to work at it, tinue to embrace that moral fortitude. violate international norms. and we do not want to see a weak sub- I am also pleased to support Senator The United States must assert moral stitute that degrades the intent of tan- YOUNG’s amendment to this resolution, leadership on the global stage. We gible action from the Senate. which I understand Senator SANDERS must proudly embrace the immutable I hope, after we get through this im- also supports. This language would fact that our strongest relationships portant vote on this resolution, at the clarify that refueling operations defini- are those rooted in shared values, such end of the day—whether it be in this tively constitute U.S. support for hos- as respect for human life, respect for Congress or the next—that the only tilities in this context, and I know he basic democratic freedoms, respect for thing we do with reference to Jamal has been very focused on this issue of international institutions and norms Khashoggi is not simply an expression Yemen and a critical voice in the Sen- that we have shaped to promote a safer of our outrage. We need to do some- ate on this crisis. and more prosperous future. thing far more than that if we are Some may have been holding out When we fail to call out egregious of- going to send a global message. The hope that the administration would fenses—the slaughter of innocent civil- time for waiting and posturing is over. show a good-faith effort to hold the ians, the murder of American resident This administration has made abun- Saudi coalition accountable for its ac- and journalist Jamal Khashoggi, the dantly and disappointingly clear that tions in Yemen or to hold the Saudi effective kidnapping of heads of state, it will not act unless we force it to. Government and the Crown Prince ac- just to name a few—we contribute to President Trump has made clear over countable for all of their actions. Well, the steady erosion of fundamental free- and over again that the only way he we haven’t seen that leadership. On the doms and values that have driven us to takes the high road is if he is dragged contrary, I believe that, in spite of con- a position of global strength. up to it, kicking and screaming. Tak- crete evidence, the Trump administra- This resolution is a clear message ing their cue, the Saudis at this mo- tion is intent on doing nothing to hold that if the President of the United ment see no incentive to change their the Saudi Government or the Crown States will not stand up in defense of behavior. It is time for the Senate to Prince responsible for their actions. our values, we in the U.S. Senate will. act. It is time to stand up for the very As we debate a path forward to ad- When this President selectively con- values that define us as a nation. dress the tragic humanitarian crisis in demns some violations one day and The passage of the Sanders-Lee reso- Yemen and to hold the Saudi coalition then inexplicably ignores them and lution should signal to the world that and the Houthi combatants account- condones them another day, the Con- the U.S. Senate should hold Saudi Ara- able for their actions, children in gress will act as an effective check and bia accountable—including the royal Yemen continue to starve, people con- balance. As a coequal branch of govern- family. We will continue to demand tinue to die, and more reports about ment, we will defend American values, that we consider additional measures gruesome torture of detainees continue and we will work to promote our long- to make clear what we stand for as a to emerge. Sadly, we don’t actually term security interests. nation. know the extent of the devastation. At the end of the day, the Saudi Gov- I yield the floor. Some humanitarian organizations on ernment must take responsibility for The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LEE). the ground estimate that as many as its actions, for this ugly war does not The Senator from Tennessee. 50,000 people have died, with more than serve Saudi Arabia’s own long-term in- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I thank 14 million on the brink of starvation. terests. the Senator from New Jersey for his Save the Children recently posited that Achieving a path toward stability concern about this issue. I voted to dis- as many as 130 children are dying each and prosperity demands that the Saudi pense with this out of the committee. I and every day. Government hold itself to a higher have concerns about the particular We may not know the exact numbers, standard. It must treat its citizens legal issues that are being created but we know enough to know that the with dignity and respect. It must en- here, but I wanted this debate to take conflict in Yemen has produced the gage its partners in the region in re- place on the floor. world’s worst humanitarian crisis. The sponsible efforts to protect its borders I thank him for his concerns about Saudi coalition must take responsi- from ever-growing Iranian threats. the way the Crown Prince of Saudi bility for its actions, and, likewise, the Shortsighted, capricious actions will Arabia is conducting himself, about the Houthis and their Iranian backers also not serve Saudi Arabia’s long-term in- war itself, and how ham-handed the bear the burden of this tragedy. terests. Saudis and others have been, having The United States can take con- Yes, the United States has an impor- shown so little concern for the citizens certed and strategic diplomatic steps tant relationship with Saudi Arabia. who live in Yemen. So I appreciate his to ensure that our involvement—any But we must also be true to our own efforts. involvement—promotes a net positive long-term interests, and that means we I know we are very unlikely to come outcome for regional stability, for our cannot sit idly by, waiting for the to an agreement on the bill he has of- own security interests, and for the Crown Prince and the Saudi Govern- fered, and I can understand why he Yemeni people. We can invest in the ment to act. It should be clear to ev- would rather start the next year with a U.N.-led talks in Sweden. We can eryone in this body that the resolution bill that he feels is stronger. I have wholeheartedly promote diplomacy as we are considering today is just one some operational concerns, but I like a path forward to solve this conflict, part of this effort. the thrust of it very much. which our own defense and diplomatic I am proud to have worked across I understand that, knowing we are leaders concede has no military solu- party lines with Senators YOUNG, not going to come to a conclusion this tion. REED, GRAHAM, and others in intro- year, he would rather start this next But let’s be clear. This resolution is ducing the comprehensive Saudi Arabia Congress with the strongest message very important, and I wholeheartedly Accountability and Yemen Act. This and bill that he can put forth. But I do support it. I have worked so that it can bill calls for a limited suspension of of- want to thank him for offering it. I be preserved with only germane amend- fensive weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, hope that—again, with some oper- ments. But the resolution itself will prohibits U.S. refueling of Saudi coali- ational concerns worked out from my not stop the war in Yemen, nor will it tion aircraft engaged in Yemen, sanc- perspective—it comes along. I hope the somehow stop the immense human suf- tions persons blocking humanitarian thrust of it comes along.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.043 S12DEPT1 S7488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 So I thank him for that, and I thank I know Senator YOUNG is standing; I AMENDMENT NO. 4080 him for his concern for the people of will cease in a moment—that we need (Purpose: To clarify that this resolution pro- Yemen. I thank him, in particular, for to do more—even though I will prob- hibits United States Armed Forces from his tremendous disdain for what the ably embrace what the Senator is refueling non-United States aircraft con- Crown Prince has done relative to the doing—than just say we are outraged ducting missions as part of the ongoing civil war in Yemen) journalist. that the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia The Senator is right that expressing On page 4, line 21, add after the period at is complicit in the killing of Jamal the end the following: ‘‘For purposes of this outrage in itself is not enough; I agree Khashoggi. resolution, in this section, the term ‘hos- with that 100 percent. I do hope that There is a long list of things the tilities’ includes in-flight refueling of non- once this is done, so we don’t confuse Crown Prince has already done beyond United States aircraft conducting missions that with what is happening here on that, some of which I mentioned in my as part of the ongoing civil war in Yemen.’’. this particular message, if you will, remarks. But at the end of the day, if Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I rise that is taking place—he is right that it all we do is express our outrage, then today to urge my colleagues to support is not going to change policy. The only anybody in the world, any leader in the amendment No. 4080 to S.J. Res. 54. I thing that will change policy is a re- world, any country we have a relation- introduced this amendment this morn- fined Menendez-Young bill that will be ship with could say: Well, they will ing, and I am proud to report that Sen- dealt with next year. But I do hope we publicly slap us on the wrist, but that ators Shaheen, Collins, and Coons are will have the ability, after this is over, will be the total consequence. now cosponsoring this important bipar- after this is dispensed with tomorrow— If that is the total consequence, then tisan amendment. I hope we can speak to that outrage. I at the end of the day, people will act Amendment No. 4080 would amend think it helps us. As it relates to the with impunity. When they do that, we S.J. Res. 54 by simply defining the second Magnitsky letter that we sent, I go down a dangerous path, not just for term ‘‘hostilities’’ to include ‘‘in-flight think it helps reinforce the fact that those who live in those countries and refueling of non-United States aircraft we hold him accountable, and I think may be subjected to those types of in- conducting missions as part of the on- there could be some good there. discriminate executions and other going civil war in Yemen.’’ In other I also think, as it relates to Saudi gross violations of human rights; we words, this amendment would prevent Arabia, a strong admonishment of the send a global message that is a down- the resumption of U.S. air refueling of Crown Prince—I think they care about ward spiral. That is what I and some of Saudi coalition aircraft in Yemen— that a whole lot more than we might my colleagues I am going to join brief- those very aircraft that, in too many think. ly to talk about—we intend to pursue instances, have been responsible for in- So I wish the Senator well as we this in the next Congress—want to see discriminate bombing and violations of move ahead with the other piece. I happen. I appreciate that the Senator international human rights law. That would like to see some changes. I will supports that sentiment, and I look is all this amendment would accom- not be here to make those happen, but forward to continuing to work with plish. It does not define the term ‘‘hos- I thank him for the thrust. I appreciate him until the very end of this session. tilities’’ more broadly for the War Pow- the message that is being put forth ers Resolution or in any other in- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, before now. I do hope that, collectively, before stance. yielding to Senator YOUNG so he can we leave here this year, we can admon- Before discussing the amendment in make his amendment pending, I just ish strongly what we believe the Crown more detail, allow me to zoom out for want to follow up and say—look, I do Prince has been involved in, and that is a moment and explain how I see the want to go on record and say that I the murder of a journalist. broader picture related to Saudi Arabia support the provisions of the Senator’s Mr. MENENDEZ. If my friend the and Yemen. distinguished chairman of the com- bill that block for a period of time of- The civil war in Yemen, as so many mittee will yield for a moment, let me fensive weaponry sales to Saudi Ara- now know, is an unmitigated national just say first that I appreciate his good bia. I support that. I also support pro- security and humanitarian disaster. intentions and commitment to having visions of the bill that sanction people The longer the civil war continues, the a process in which the Sanders-Lee res- who are blocking humanitarian aid for more influential Iran and various ter- olution could move forward. To keep it the people there. rorist groups will become in Yemen. within a germane sphere, I know that The Senator and his staff know we Meanwhile, approximately 14 million was one of the things the Senator said have some operational issues, and I people are on the verge of famine, and very early on, which I embrace, and I know those are going to get worked it is getting worse by the day. am glad for his leadership in that re- out. I know that the way to start legis- Famine and the indiscriminate tar- gard. I think passing this will be im- lation and get it to where we really geting of civilians by the Saudi-led co- portant, and I urge all of our col- want it to be is to start out strongly. I alition will only push more Yemenis leagues to vote for it. know the Senator knows he is not toward Iran and toward its proxies, I look forward to when he presents going to pass it this year, and if I were giving terrorists increasing opportuni- the resolution he has talked about with the Senator from New Jersey, I would ties to threaten Americans, our part- reference to the Crown Prince. I do go about it exactly the way he is going ners, and our interests. So it is essen- think that if he brings that forward, it about it. tial to America’s national security in- is likely something I will support be- So I do appreciate the thrust, and I terests, as well as our humanitarian cause I think it is important to make do hope we pass those into law with principles, that the administration use it very clear that you cannot kill with some of the other provisions so that all available leverage to end the civil impunity just because you are our ally there is a price to pay for what has war in Yemen without delay. and that human rights and democracy taken place. The only way to end this civil war are still values that we—at least in the I yield the floor. and make significant and durable U.S. Senate—believe are an integral The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- progress on the humanitarian crisis is part of our foreign policy. Countries ator from Indiana. through an inclusive political process. that observe human rights and democ- AMENDMENT NO. 4080 Everyone agrees on this. It is positive that the parties to the conflict are racy and share our deepest values at Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I call up talking in Sweden as part of the U.N. the end of the day are our most reliable my amendment No. 4080. allies and are less likely to drag us into envoy-led peace process. We want that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The conflicts in other places. So I look for- process to succeed. I know the adminis- clerk will report. ward to that debate and discussion tration supports these talks, and I The senior assistant bill clerk read as when the distinguished Senator offers commend them for the encouragement follows: that. of these talks. There are many poten- But I will reiterate—and I appreciate The Senator from Indiana [Mr. YOUNG] pro- tial pitfalls in the peace process, the Senator’s somewhat endorsement poses an amendment numbered 4080. though, so we have to do all we can to with some reservations. It is critical— The amendment is as follows: support this effort here in Congress.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.044 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7489 Since March of 2017, I sought to un- The number of innocent people con- ers also establish clear article I con- derscore the importance of the humani- fronting famine is growing by the day. stitutional war powers and responsibil- tarian crisis in Yemen and to provide Innocent people are being bombed. Iran ities for Congress. this administration leverage that it and terror groups are benefiting from For me, today, in this situation, and can use to pressure the Saudis to sup- the status quo. The Saudis have ig- only with respect to Yemen, I believe a port an urgent and good-faith effort to nored our Secretaries’ call for a cease- reasonable reading of the Constitution end the civil war and to stop using food fire. My question to my colleagues here leaves plenty of room for a ‘‘yes’’ vote as a weapon of war. on Capitol Hill who are still undecided on this resolution. Our humanitarian In that effort, I have used every about how they might vote with re- principles and national security inter- available tool at my disposal as a spect to this amendment that I am ests require it. With that, I urge my member of the Senate Foreign Rela- bringing up is this: What are we going colleagues to support amendment No. tions Committee. That has included, to do about it? What are you going to 4080 and to support passage of the un- for example, a resolution that was do about it today, because you have an derlying resolution and send a message passed by the Senate, legislation opportunity to do something about it? to Riyadh. passed into law, subcommittee hear- I will say that today, even if this res- I yield the floor. ings, letters, and even a hold on the olution does not become law, we can The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nomination of our former Secretary of take an important step and send the ator from Tennessee. State’s top lawyer at the Department right message to Riyadh. There is no Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, through of State. That was before the adminis- doubt that the Houthis have engaged in the Presiding Officer I wish to ask the Senator from Indiana, what you are tration understood, as they do now, the absolutely abhorrent behavior in saying is that you are doing everything importance of having a negotiated po- Yemen, and, then, it takes two sides to you possibly can do to ensure that if litical settlement between all the par- negotiate. ties. We don’t have much leverage over your amendment passes, never in the But as I have provided additional le- the Houthis. We have significant lever- future will your amendment be relied verage to the administration over a pe- age over the Saudis, and we must uti- upon to say if we are refueling, that riod of time, we have to acknowledge lize it. If S.J. Res. 54 does become law, means we are involved in hostilities; is that correct? that the civil war has continued, the my amendment would ensure that it Mr. YOUNG. I thank the chairman world’s worst humanitarian crisis has accomplishes its stated purpose with deteriorated further, Iran’s influence for the clarification so that I can fur- respect to air refueling. ther clarify for the record that this has only increased, and the Saudi Some may continue to argue that the amendment only applies for purposes of Crown Prince has, unfortunately, been United States is not engaged in hos- this resolution and in the section I of- left with the impression that he can tilities in Yemen. It is a war. Our tax- fered it. get away with almost anything, includ- payers are providing funding. There is ing murder. Let’s say in Mali, for example, that intelligence support and logistical sup- our country in the future were involved To be clear, with or without amend- port and refueling of aircraft carrying ment No. 4080, S.J. Res. 54 may never with refueling operations of our part- bombs, but some will argue that we are ner or our ally’s aircraft. This wouldn’t become law. Even in that case, I be- not engaged in hostilities in Yemen. In lieve adoption of amendment No. 4080 apply. This would establish absolutely other words, this Senate joint resolu- today would send an even stronger no precedent. tion, absent my amendment, risks message at a critical moment to our We have had national security legal leaving the status quo in place in Saudi partners that we expect them to counsel look at this. We have taken a Yemen. With my amendment, the leg- do everything in their power to end belt-and-suspenders approach. No rea- islation would ensure that the adminis- this civil war. sonable reading of this could construe Some may argue that no additional tration cannot resume refueling of this to establish any legal precedent pressure is needed. I have heard that Saudi aircraft conducting missions re- that ought to cause concern for anyone argument. I reject that argument, and lated to this civil war. concerned. To those principled colleagues—and here is why. On October 30, Secretaries Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I ask Pompeo and Mattis called for a cease- there are a number of principled col- again the Senator: For those of us, fire in Yemen within 30 days. Those 30 leagues on this issue—who are conver- many in this body, including the Sen- days—for those who are checking your sant on the issue and have been study- ator from Indiana, who worry that the calendar—came and went on November ing it for a great deal of time, I have mere refueling that may take place in 29. Yet the Saudi coalition has contin- great respect for them. I know there is Mali, where maybe we are supporting ued airstrikes. at least one who is concerned about French troops, or the refueling in other I have a hard time believing that if any precedents we may be creating re- places—the mere refueling in another Secretary Mattis picked up the phone lating to the War Powers Resolution or country, the mere refueling itself—you and told Riyadh to knock off the air- other situations. Let me be clear. My are saying that by voting for your strikes in Yemen, the Saudis would ig- amendment explicitly says this defini- amendment, you have no intention of nore him. If that call hasn’t occurred, tion for hostilities only applies to this ever creating a precedent that another there may be a problem. If it has and resolution we are considering today Senator could use the War Powers Act the Saudis have ignored that demand, and only to this case. simply because of refueling taking then, that may be a problem. Either I will also reiterate that my amend- place; is that your intention? way, we may have a big problem on our ment would not restrict U.S. refueling Mr. YOUNG. My intention is to only hands. on our own aircraft and would not re- address the situation in Yemen, and It is not in our national security in- strict refueling of other aircraft for that is precisely what this amendment terest to sit idly by as the Saudis ig- missions focused on al-Qaida and asso- does—nothing more, nothing less. nore the clear demands of our Secre- ciated forces. We have it covered. Ei- Back to the example of Mali and taries of Defense and State, especially ther way, Senators looking to send the French aircraft, there would be abso- when we are members of the coalition. right message today to the Saudis and lutely no application of this amend- Our taxpayers are funding these mili- those looking to change the situation ment to that conflict, to the refueling tary exercises that are exacerbating in Yemen should support amendment of those aircraft or to our own aircraft. the worst humanitarian crisis in gen- No. 4080. That is why we have doubled up on erations and that are destabilizing a For a very quick word on the War clarifying precautionary language, so country where Iran, al Qaida, and ISIS Powers Resolution—the underlying res- that no one could conceivably construe have a foothold. olution—here again, principled and se- that in any legal analysis that makes Let’s support our Secretaries of rious people are on both sides of the any level of common sense or legal State and Defense. Let’s support them War Powers Resolution debate, and I sense, because the two don’t always in their efforts. Let’s give this adminis- see merits on both sides of that argu- seem to be consistent. But we have had tration yet more leverage vis-a-vis the ment. The President is indeed the Com- attorneys look at this, and it applies Saudis. mander in Chief. That said, the Found- narrowly only to this context.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.046 S12DEPT1 S7490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 I will entertain any more questions, U.S. forces in support of the coalition S.J. RES. 54 but I feel as though I am restating this. do not currently command, coordinate, Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I come It is a very important matter. So I am accompany, or participate in the move- to the floor today to join many of my glad the Chairman gave me an oppor- ment of Saudi coalition forces in the colleagues in support of passage of the tunity to answer it. counter-Houthi operations. underlying resolution. I was pleased to Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I appre- As of November 11 of this year, the be one of the original cosponsors, along ciate the Senator from Indiana answer- U.S. Armed Forces ceased refueling with the Presiding Officer and Senator ing those questions. Today, we are, as support. That is no longer an issue. SANDERS, amongst many others. you know, establishing precedent on a Even if it were an issue, this is not one This is clearly not the first time I number of things. No. 1, we overwhelm- that would constitute the category we have been to the floor to talk about the ingly decided that if the War Powers have been talking about. crisis inside Yemen and the broader Resolution is used in this matter, only As for the Saudi coalition, the crisis with respect to our relationship germane amendments can be put forth. counter-Houthi operations in Yemen, with Saudi Arabia that has grown I think that was a big step forward as even if the refueling support we were worse and worse, especially in the last it relates to this type of debate and in providing were going on today, it several months. using the War Powers Resolution as it would not constitute involvement in I want to thank Senator MENENDEZ is being used. hostilities. For that reason, I do oppose and Senator CORKER for taking this in- I did want to get the Senate record to it. credibly seriously, especially since the be very clear that the Senator from In- I don’t know which of these resolu- death of Jamal Khashoggi, who was a diana, should his amendment pass, was tions is actually going to be on the resident of the United States here, os- in no way trying to create a scenario floor for a vote and in what order they tensibly under our protection. I am where if we are refueling someplace, would be on the floor, but the resolu- hopeful that we will get another big bi- that automatically means we are in- tion that has been put together by Sen- partisan vote when this comes up for volved in hostilities. What he is trying ator CORKER and our leader I think is final passage. to do is address this specific issue. the best solution to the problem we are I want to reiterate some of the rea- Since we have been able to have this confronted with now. sons I think this is incredibly impor- in the RECORD and since, hopefully, fu- Like many of my colleagues, I was tant. ture Senates will rely upon the RECORD deeply disturbed by the killing of the First, let me state what I hope is ob- to look at what is taking place today, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi at vious even for those of us who have I want to thank the Senator for his Saudi Arabia’s consulate in Istanbul in been critics of Saudi Arabia. amendment and tell him that I plan to October. I deplore everything in con- Saudi Arabia is a very important ally support it. junction with that. While it may not be of the United States. It is an important Mr. YOUNG. I thank the Chairman. partner for stability in the region. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who a smoking gun as such, I believe that Saudi Arabia’s leadership is responsible continue to engage in an important yields time? counterterrorism, intelligence-sharing The Senator from Oklahoma. for Mr. Khashoggi’s death. Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, this has Those responsible are going to have relationship with Saudi Arabia. They been the center of a lot of discussion, to be held accountable, and we must have helped us track down some very and it is a little confusing. I think condemn this terrible and unaccepted bad people. We have helped them track there are a lot of things that everyone event. That is clearly what the resolu- down some very bad people. Sunni ex- in here agrees with, but how we are tion says. tremists—separate and aside from the going to express ourselves has to come The resolution also acknowledges the argument as to where that movement down to all possibilities of the options Trump administration’s important de- gets some of its seed funding—are out that are there. cision to sanction 17 Saudis for their to get the Saudi regime, just as they I want to start off by saying that I roles in Mr. Khashoggi’s murder. are out to get the United States. oppose the Sanders-Lee provision. I At the same time, Saudi Arabia is an Second, it is important to note some- think the resolution would have us find important Middle Eastern partner. Its thing that we take for granted in the that since March of 2015, members of stability is vital to the security of our region—this now long-term detente the U.S. Armed Forces have been intro- regional allies and our partners, in- that has existed between the Gulf duced into hostilities in Yemen be- cluding Israel, and Saudi Arabia is es- States and Israel, which did not used to tween the Saudi-led coalition and sential to countering Iran. We all know be something you could rely on. In Houthis, including providing to the that. We know how tenuous things are fact, one of the most serious foreign Saudi-led coalition aerial targeting as- in that part of the world. We don’t policy debates this Senate ever had was sistance, intelligence sharing, and have that many friends. We can’t af- on the sale of AWACS to Saudi Arabia midflight aerial refueling. ford to lose any of them. back in the 1980s. The objection then If enacted, Lee-Sanders could ulti- While we must be frank with our was that by empowering Saudi Arabia, mately pull all U.S. support from the partners and let them know when they you were hurting Israel and Israeli se- Saudi-led coalition in Yemen. The have done, in our opinion, something curity. No one would make that argu- Sanders-Lee resolution is, I think, fun- wrong, we must be cautious and avoid ment today because Saudi Arabia has damentally flawed because it presumes steps that would damage a strategic re- been a good partner in trying to figure we are engaged in military action in lationship that goes back over half a out a way to calm the tensions in the Yemen. We are not. We are not engaged century. For this reason, I am hoping region and, of course, provide some bal- in military action in Yemen. that the resolution will be introduced, ance in the region, with the Iranian re- There has been a lot of discussion in which case I will be supporting the gime on the other side continuing to about refueling. I don’t see any stretch resolution the leader and Senator this day to use inflammatory and dan- of the definition that would say that CORKER have introduced. It criticizes gerous rhetoric about the future of falls into that category. The truth is the Saudi Government for its recent Israel. that with the exception of the defense behavior and encourages it to get on So this is an important partnership, strike in October 2016, the U.S. Armed the right path—the right path to re- and I have no interest in blowing it up. Forces are not engaged in direct mili- double its reform efforts, the right I have no interest in walking away tary action in Yemen. path to respect the rights of its citi- from it. But you are not obligated to The limited military support and in- zens, and the right path to work to- follow your friend into every misadven- telligence sharing being provided by ward a peaceful resolution in Yemen. ture they propose. When your buddy the United States to the Saudi-led coa- You know, I don’t like any of the jumps into a pool of man-eating lition does not involve the introduction choices we have. This is clearly the sharks, you don’t have to jump with of U.S. Forces into hostilities, nor is best choice that is out there. him. There is a point at which you say the U.S. involvement in hostilities im- I yield the floor. enough is enough. I came to this floor minent given the circumstances at The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- 3 years ago and suggested that time hand. ator from Connecticut. had already come.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.048 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7491 Muhammad bin Salman, who is the tacts all throughout the day with the only concerned about Jamal Khashoggi Crown Prince, who is the effective team of operatives who did it. Yet they because it is a way to make clear that leader of the country, has steered the thought we were so dumb or so weak— if you lie to the United States, there foreign policy of Saudi Arabia off the or some combination of the two—that are consequences. It is also a way to rails. Folks seem to have noticed when they could just lie to us about it. say to the Crown Prince: We are not he started rounding up his political op- That was an eye-opener for a lot of going to be partners with you in your ponents and killing one of them in a people here who were long-term sup- most important foreign policy endeav- consulate in Turkey, but this has been porters of the Saudi relationship be- or—the war inside Yemen—if you are ongoing. Look back to the kidnapping cause they knew that we had trouble. not being straight with us about this or of the Lebanese Prime Minister, the They knew that sometimes our inter- other matters. blockade of Qatar without any heads- ests didn’t align, but they thought that If you care just about what happened up to the United States, the wholesale the most important thing allies did to that journalist, this is still an im- imprisonment of hundreds of his family with each other was tell the truth, es- portant vote for you to cast. And I get members until there was a payoff, the pecially when the truth was so easy to it that some people have issues with size of which was big enough to let discover outside of your bilateral rela- the mechanism by which we get here, some of them out. tionship. Then, all of a sudden, the the War Powers Resolution. I under- This is a foreign policy that is no Saudis lied to us for 2 weeks—for 2 stand that it is new, that it hasn’t been longer in the best interests of the weeks—and then finally came around tested before. But I believe this is the United States and cannot be papered to telling the truth because everybody right moment to have this debate and over by a handful of domestic policy re- knew that they weren’t. to have this vote. forms that are, in fact, intended to try That made a lot of people here think, I am hoping that we are going to to distract us from the aggressive na- well, wait a second—maybe the Saudis come to a conclusion here as quickly as ture of the Saudis’ foreign policy in the haven’t been telling us the truth about we can in which we maintain bipar- region. what they have been doing inside tisan consensus. I just joined several of Of course, the worst example of their Yemen. my colleagues upstairs to express our regional behavior going off the rails is A lot of my friends have been sup- desire—this isn’t the beginning and the Yemen. And I don’t want to restate the porting the bombing campaign in end of our debate about what to do case here; I think Senator SANDERS did Yemen. Why? Because the Saudis said: with Saudi Arabia moving forward. I a great job of it. We are hitting these civilians by acci- support Senator MENENDEZ and Sen- I have stood here before with posters dent. Those water treatment plants ator YOUNG’s legislation to take some of malnourished children with dis- that have been blowing up—we didn’t additional steps to halt arms sales. I tended bellies. Some 85,000 of them mean to hit them. That cholera treat- support imposing sanctions on the indi- have died from malnutrition or disease. ment facility inside the humanitarian viduals who are responsible for this The world’s worst ever outbreak of compound—that was just a bomb that crime. But I would also hope that all of cholera is happening right now as we went into the wrong place, or, we us take a little bit of time over the speak. Ten thousand Yemenis have thought there were some bad guys in holidays to really think about how we died from warfare, from bombings, or it. It didn’t turn out that there were. reset this relationship in the region from siege campaigns. About two- It turns out the Saudis weren’t tell- and how we send a signal to the world thirds to three-quarters of those were ing us the truth about what they were that there is no relationship in which as a result of the Saudi side of the civil doing in Yemen. They were hitting ci- we are the junior partner—certainly war, but let’s make clear that there are vilian targets on purpose. They did not with Saudi Arabia. some really bad actors on the Houthi have an intentional campaign of trying If Saudi Arabia can push us around side as well. Part of the reason the hu- to create misery. I am not saying that like they have over the course of the manitarian aid can’t get to where it is every single one of those schoolbuses last several years and in particular the needs to get to is because the Houthis or those hospitals or those churches or last several months, that sends a signal are stopping it from getting into the weddings was an attempt to kill civil- to lots of other countries that they can areas they control today. So the Saudis ians and civilians only, but we have do the same thing—that they can mur- bear the majority of the responsibility been in that targeting center long der U.S. residents and suffer almost no for the humanitarian nightmare, but enough to know—to know—that they consequences; that they can bomb ci- there is enough to be spread around. have known for a long time what they vilians with our munitions and suffer I am appreciative that many of my have been doing: hitting a lot of people no consequences. colleagues are willing to stand up for who have nothing to do with the at- This is not just a message about the this resolution today to end the war in tacks against Saudi Arabia. Saudi relationship; this is a message Yemen. I wish that it weren’t because Maybe if the Saudis were willing to about how the United States is going of the death of one journalist, because lie to us about what happened to Jamal to interact with lots of other junior there have been tens of thousands who Khashoggi, they haven’t been straight partners around the world as well. have died inside Yemen, and their lives with us as to what is happening inside Saudi Arabia needs us a lot more than are just as important and just as Yemen, because if the United States is we need them, and we need to remind worthwhile as Jamal Khashoggi’s life being used to intentionally hit civil- folks of that over and over again. was, as tragic as that was. But there is ians, then we are complicit in war Spare me this nonsense that they are a connection between the two, which is crimes. And I hate to tell my col- going to go start buying Russian jets why I have actually argued that this leagues that is essentially what the or Chinese military hardware. If you resolution is in some way, shape, or United Nations found in their most re- think those countries can protect you form a response to the death of Jamal cent report on the Saudi bombing cam- better than the United States, take a Khashoggi, for those who are primarily paign. They were careful about their chance. You think the Saudis are real- concerned with that atrocity. Here is words, but they came to the conclusion ly going to stop selling oil to the how I link the two: that it was likely that the Saudi con- United States? You think they are What the Saudis did for 2 weeks was duct inside Yemen would amount to going to walk away from their primary lie to us, right? In the most bald-faced war crimes under international law. bread winner just because we say that way possible. They told us that Jamal If it is likely that our ally is perpet- we don’t want to be engaged in this Khashoggi had left the consulate, that uating war crimes in Yemen, then we particular military campaign? I am he had gotten out of there alive, that cannot be a part of that. The United willing to take that chance. they didn’t know what happened, when States cannot be part of a bombing We are the major partner in this rela- of course they knew the entire time campaign that may be—probably is— tionship, and it is time that we start that they had killed him, that they had intentionally making life miserable for acting like it. If this administration murdered him, that they had dis- the people inside of that country. isn’t going to act like it, then this Con- membered his body. We now know that So I would argue that this resolution gress has to act like it. As Senator the Crown Prince had multiple con- is an appropriate response if you are GRAHAM said, sometimes Congress has

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.050 S12DEPT1 S7492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 to go its own way. Sometimes Congress So, yes, I do believe America needs to tion where there should be an author- has to reorient American foreign policy be engaged in Yemen, just not from our ization for the use of force if we are to when an administration will not. military. Let’s do an all-out press on remain. I don’t believe we should re- With respect to this bilateral rela- diplomacy and bring the parties to the main. tionship, with respect to this egre- peace table and end this horrible con- We have had our disagreements with gious, unconscionable military oper- flict. the President on the use of force. Con- ation inside Yemen, it is time for Con- Yes, make no mistake about it, the gress passed the War Powers Act in gress to step up and right something Houthis are not nice people. I under- 1973. The President didn’t like it. We that today is very, very wrong. stand that, but we are not going to win passed it anyway. We believe the Presi- I appreciate all of the great work this by our military. So let’s con- dent should not only notify but respect that Senator SANDERS and Senator LEE centrate on diplomacy. I think many the will of Congress’s power under arti- have done as partners in this, and I have pointed out that, yes, we have cle I to declare war and authorize our thank the chairman and ranking mem- been in this region since the attack on military presence. ber for helping guide us through this our country on September 11. Nothing Section 5(c) gives the power to Con- debate as painlessly as possible. I look in this resolution would affect our abil- gress to pass a joint resolution to re- forward to coming to the floor again ity to fight against al-Qaida and its as- move our troops where there has been before final passage and look forward sociated forces. no authorization. So what is being to another big bipartisan vote at the The resolution specifically exempts— done today—the resolution that is be- end of this. specifically exempts—from the with- fore us—is the vehicle that we deter- I yield the floor. drawal of American military our cam- mined to be the appropriate way to re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- paign against al-Qaida and associated move our troops from unauthorized ator from Maryland. forces. war. Therefore, it is an appropriate ac- Mr. CARDIN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- There is also no question that since tion by the Congress—probably the dent. the Saudis have engaged in this con- only action we can take in order to end I take this time to support the pas- flict, there have been many violations the war in Yemen with U.S. participa- sage of S.J. Res. 54. I commend my col- of human rights. Yes, we are facili- tion. leagues who have brought this resolu- tating and helping. I am not saying we I want to make a comment about the tion forward. The impact of this resolu- are committing, but we are certainly relationship between the United States tion would be to end the U.S. military part of the Saudi effort. We are sup- and the Saudis. I heard many of my engagement in Yemen, and I believe posedly helping them with targeting. colleagues talk about it. I think it is a that military engagement should end That means giving them intelligence very important relationship. I think for several reasons. information to minimize civilian cas- the Saudis are a strategic partner of First, let me comment on what oth- ualties. I am certain the American the United States. I had many opportu- ers have already pointed out, and that military is helping in that regard, but nities to visit with the Saudis. I know is that the humanitarian crisis in the bottom line is, we are told that 61 about a lot of the things they are Yemen is one of the worst, if not the percent of casualties are due to coali- doing, but make no mistake about it, worst, in the world. That is saying a tion strikes. There is tremendous civil- that relationship is important to the lot because there are a lot of areas ian loss as a result of this campaign, United States, but it is very important around the world where we are seeing and the United States is one of the to the Saudis. It is more than just our humanitarian challenges. honest brokers in trying to minimize military support for a war in Yemen. It In Yemen today, 10,000 people have that. We have not been successful has a lot to do with security issues been killed due to the war, and 22 mil- through the use of our military. generally. It has to do with intel- lion-plus—75 percent of the population The use of our military has never ligence sharing. It has to do with eco- in Yemen—are at grave risk today. It been authorized by Congress. Now, this nomics. is estimated that there are 400,000 chil- is a debate we have had many times. I Our relationship should always be dren under the age of 5 who are at the know the distinguished chairman of wrapped in our values. Our foreign pol- risk of starvation due to hunger and the Senate Foreign Relations Com- icy should always be based upon our malnutrition, and 85,000 children have mittee has been part of that debate and values as Americans, and our values in died, according to Save the Children, has wanted us to come to grips with a regard to what is happening in this war from starvation. congressional authorization for mili- in Yemen tell us we should not be par- The U.S. military engagement has tary use in Yemen. I applaud the chair- ticipating in it. really not assisted in ending this hu- man. I am very proud to be on that I haven’t even mentioned the tragic manitarian crisis. There are 1 million committee. I think if it were left up to death of Jamal Khashoggi. When tak- people with cholera and 8.4 million peo- our committee, we may have been able ing a look at what happened there and ple on the verge of famine. For a long to agree on a resolution, but it was the involvement of the royal family time, we have been, focused on the clear we couldn’t get it through the and the Crown Prince, that clearly can- Port of Hodeidah, saying that it had to Senate, couldn’t get it through the not go unchallenged. Human rights vio- be opened in order to be able to deliver Congress. That was clear. I am not say- lations and the military campaign, all humanitarian assistance. I think many ing we are culpable for not passing au- of that cries out for the United States of us thought that because of our mili- thorization, but we have not passed au- not to be engaged in the military as- tary involvement in Yemen, at a min- thorization, and there is no authoriza- pects of what is happening in Yemen, imum, we could get the port open. We tion for the use of military force in and the passage of S.J. Res. 54 will, in find we are not able to have safe routes Yemen, despite the fact that article I, fact, make that a reality, and I urge for the delivery of humanitarian assist- section 8, clause 11 of the Constitution our colleagues to support that resolu- ance, so through our military we have of the United States gives the Congress tion. not been able to impact the horrible the sole power to declare war. TIME MAGAZINE’S PERSON OF THE YEAR tragedies that are taking place because We are responsible for the military, Mr. President, it is a related subject. of this humanitarian disaster. and if you can’t get that authorization, I am going to talk about TIME maga- Secondly, I think most experts will there should at least be a presumption zine for their selection of their Person tell us there is no military solution to that we shouldn’t be using our mili- of the Year, the ‘‘Guardians and the the war that is taking place in Yemen tary. If you can’t get the support of War on Truth.’’ I say it is related be- that dates back to 2014. The warring Congress—if the President, Commander cause Jamal Khashoggi is one of the sides are not going to end as a result of in Chief, can’t get the support of Con- figures that is on the cover of TIME the military. It is going to take diplo- gress for the use of force, there should magazine as one of the guardians. macy, and our military involvement not be a sustained use. We know about In making their selection, TIME has not assisted in a diplomatic an- emergency situations. We expect it of magazine wrote: ‘‘For taking great swer. We have not made the progress I the Commander in Chief. This is not an risks in pursuit of greater truths, for think many of us would have expected. emergency situation. This is a situa- the imperfect but essential quest for

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.051 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7493 facts that are central to civil dis- Wendi Winters was among the five Stick with us. Don’t believe the crap you course, for speaking up and for speak- Capital Gazette employees killed in the see from these people, the fake news. . . . ing out, the Guardians’’ are the Person June 28 shooting. According to eye- What you’re seeing and what you’re reading of the Year. witness accounts from survivors, Wendi is not what’s happening. TIME magazine wrote: armed herself with the closest weapons That is the President of the United As we looked at the choices, it became at hand—her trash and recycling bins— States saying those comments—again, clear that the manipulation and abuse of and charged the shooter, shouting for demeaning the press and the impor- truth is really the common thread in so him to stop. It is believed Wendi’s ac- tance of the free press. many of this year’s major stories . . . this tions distracted the shooter enough to Why is the President doing this? Ear- ought to be a time when democracy leaps enable several of her coworkers to es- lier this year, CBS ‘‘60 Minutes’’ cor- forward, an informed citizenry being essen- respondent Leslie Stahl, an icon in the tial to self-government. Instead, it’s in re- cape. We think of violence against report- news business, shared comments from treat. And the story of this assault on truth President Trump from an interview she is, somewhat paradoxically, one of the hard- ers as something that happens in other est to tell. countries, in war zones and the like, did with him soon after the 2016 elec- tion win. Stahl recalled that she said TIME magazine wrote in this week’s but not here, not in the United States to Donald Trump about his attacks on issue: of America. All around the world, re- the media: In Annapolis, Md., staff of the Capital, a porters work to gather facts, ask ques- newspaper published by Capital Gazette tions, and report the news in the spirit Why are you doing this? You’re doing it Communications, which traces its history of of free, open, and transparent societies over and over. It’s boring and it’s time to telling readers about the events in Maryland and governments that all people de- end that. to before the American Revolution, press on serve. Too often, reporters are har- The candidate’s response was without the five colleagues gunned down in assed, jailed, and even killed simply be- straightforward and shocking. He said: their newsroom on June 28. Still intact, in- cause of the nature of their work, You know why I do it? I do it to discredit deed strengthened after the mass shooting, which often exposes cronyism and cor- you all and demean you all so that when you are the bonds of trust and community that ruption. write negative stories about me no one will for national news outlets have been eroded believe you. on strikingly partisan lines, never more than Jason Rezaian, a reporter with the this year. Washington Post who was falsely im- Let that sink in for a moment. A ‘‘I can tell you this,’’ declared Chase Cook, prisoned in Iran for doing his job as a man who was about to assume the posi- a reporter for the Capital Gazette [on that journalist, had this to say earlier this tion of President of the United States fateful day]. ‘‘We are putting out a damn year. He talks about the attack I ref- explicitly acknowledged he was pur- paper tomorrow.’’ Cook’s promise . . . came erenced earlier in Annapolis. posefully working to diminish the in- just a few hours after five of his colleagues Mostly I have covered attacks on the tegrity of the free press. were killed. The man charged with their media taking place on the other side of the After the Capitol Gazette shooting, murders had been obsessed with the paper world, usually in countries where the flow of Donald Trump said: ‘‘Journalists, like since it wrote about his harassment of a high information is restricted or conditions are all Americans, should be free from the school classmate—part of its routine cov- such that a sense of desperation or political erage of local legal proceedings. He made the fear of being violently attacked while or tribal affiliation can compel individuals doing their job.’’ But how do we inter- office a crime scene. To put the damn paper to take heinous action. . . . Writing about a out, staffers set up laptops in the bed of a deadly attack that happened less than 30 pret his sincerity when, more fre- pickup in a parking garage across the street. miles away, in an idyllic town that I re- quently, he is calling the media ‘‘fake When the next edition arrived—on sched- cently visited with relatives from overseas, news’’ or ‘‘totally unhinged’’ and tell- ule—the opinion page was blank but for the is a new experience for me. And I have to say ing the people of America that report- names of the dead. Gerald Fischman. Rob that I don’t relish the task. ers are truly bad people? Hiaasen. John McNamara. Rebecca Smith. Wendi Winters. Beneath their names was . . . We Americans have certain rights Donald Trump’s constant dismissal written with a goose quill: ‘‘Tomorrow this and responsibilities granted to us needs to end. He needs to accept that page will return to its steady purpose of of- through the Constitution, which estab- one of the press’s most important roles fering our readers informed opinions about lished the rule of law in this country. is to speak truth to power—truth to the world around them, that they might be Freedom of the press is one of those power, including to the President of better citizens.’’ most basic rights, and it is central to the United States. I must tell you I am very proud of the First Amendment of the Constitu- Here at home, we are left to wonder what the Capital Gazette has done. tion: ‘‘Congress shall make no law re- whether Donald Trump is more in- They continued through very difficult specting an establishment of religion, clined to agree with Russian President times with the quality reporting and or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; Vladimir Putin’s view of the press— opinion pages they have been known or abridging the freedom of speech, or where journalists are routinely jailed for, for a long time—a real treasured of the press.’’ This precious freedom and physically attacked—than with institution in our State’s capital. has often been under attack, figu- Thomas Jefferson, who famously said: One of the four TIME magazine cov- ratively speaking, since our Nation’s ‘‘Were it left to me to decide whether ers includes the journalists of the Cap- founding. we should have a government without ital Gazette, the Annapolis, MD, news- Today, attacks on the American newspapers, or newspapers without a paper where five employees were mur- media have become more frequent and government, I should not hesitate a dered by a gunman last June. more literal, spurred on by dangerous moment to prefer the latter.’’ I spoke about this shooting on the rhetoric that has created an ‘‘open sea- Journalists, like all Americans, Senate floor last June, and the Senate son’’ on harassing the media for doing should be free from the fear of being unanimously adopted S. Res. 575, which its job—asking the questions that need violently attacked while doing their I authored and which was cosponsored to be asked, investigating the stories job—both figuratively and literally. by all Members of the Senate. This that need to be uncovered, and bring- The right of journalists to report the Senate resolution commemorates the ing needed transparency to the halls of news is nothing less than the right of lives, careers, and service of five vic- power, whether they are in Annapolis, all of us to know. Media freedom and tims of the Capital Gazette shooting in Washington, DC, or elsewhere. media pluralism are essential for the Annapolis, MD; honors the survivors of Then-candidate and now-President expression of, or ensuring respect for, the attack and the families of the vic- Trump’s rhetoric—calling the media ‘‘a other fundamental freedoms and safe- tims and pledges to continue support stain on America’’ and ‘‘the enemy of guarding democracy, the rule of law, for their recovery; thanks law enforce- the American people’’—certainly has and a system of checks and balances. ment officers and other emergency caused damage. At the Veterans of For- Every one of us in this body—Demo- first responders for their heroic ac- eign Wars, the President said to the au- crats and Republicans—has sworn an tions; and reaffirms the commitment dience that they are ‘‘not to believe’’ oath to support and defend the Con- of the Senate to defending the First what they see and hear. The President stitution of the United States. As lead- Amendment of the Constitution of the of the United States told a crowd of ers of this great Nation, we have a re- United States. veterans: sponsibility to defend the rights of our

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.054 S12DEPT1 S7494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 citizens, including the freedom of handed measures used against media plained that it was no accident that press. freedom in Turkey, both before and this power was put in the hands of Con- Yesterday, TIME magazine featured during the recent elections, illustrates gress. To be sure, the power Congress three covers in addition to the Capital the lengths to which the government has to declare war means more than Gazette. One is Jamal Khashoggi, the went to control the information avail- simply to state something in the ab- Washington Post contributor who was able to voters. It also serves as a re- stract. It is something that has to hap- killed at the Saudi Arabian Consulate minder of the essential role of a plural- pen before we put American blood and in Istanbul in October. I would note istic media for free and fair elections. treasure on the line. that this is the first time that a TIME I have also worked on many other It is something that should never Person of the Year is a deceased per- countries that have infringed upon the happen in the absence of some type of son. freedom of press in my role on the Sen- dire emergency—some set of exigent The United States of America must ate Foreign Relations Committee as a circumstances in which the President stand up for justice and human rights ranking Democrat on the Helsinki must protect the United States of at home and abroad. I agree that Saudi Commission. I could give you examples America from an imminent attack. It Arabia is a strong ally in a variety of of what we have done in Malta, what needs to be declared by Congress. important areas, but that should only we have done in Slovakia, what we This isn’t a mere formality; this is strengthen their understanding of have done in Belarus—and the list goes the only thing that guarantees that America’s commitment to the rule of on and on. this is a government of the people, by I therefore ask the Trump adminis- law, and we as a Nation cannot sanc- the people, and for the people. It is the tration and my colleagues in the Sen- tion extrajudicial killings. America’s only thing guaranteeing that we will ate to redouble their efforts to protect national security is harmed, not actually have a debate about the rel- helped, when dictators and strongmen the freedom of the press, both at home and abroad. We must lead by example ative merits of the conflict in question. believe they can get away with such There are a number of reasons why. heinous actions as the killing of jour- as the very foundational legitimacy of a democratic republic is at stake. In addition to the fact that there is nalist Jamal Khashoggi. an obvious economic expense associ- Congress must act to demand ac- America’s leadership is essential to protect the freedom of the press—an es- ated with war, there is a tremendous countability for those responsible for human cost associated with war on our Jamal Khashoggi’s murder and to send sential institution for a democratic state. We must lead by first setting an side, on the side of those among whom the right signal to the world that we might be fighting, and on the side of America will continue to be a beacon example by our commitment to the freedom of press here at home. We those against whom we might be fight- of justice and defender of human ing. rights. must demand that freedom of the press This particular conflict in Yemen Another cover features Wa Lone and be a priority in our global affairs, rec- provides one of many examples of the Kyaw Soe Oo, two Reuters journalists ognizing it is important to our na- moral perilousness associated with who were arrested 1 year ago in tional security. TIME magazine got it right by nam- war, of the many moral questions Myanmar while working on stories ing the ‘‘Guardians and the War on brought about as a result of war. We about the killings of the Rohingya Truth’’ as persons of the year. are involved in a conflict half a world Muslims. These journalists remain be- I yield the floor. away. We are involved in providing tar- hind bars, but their wives were photo- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BAR- geting assistance, midair refueling, re- graphed for the cover. From this floor, RASSO). The Senator from Utah. connaissance, and surveillance. We are I stood in solidarity with these Reuters YEMEN WAR POWERS RESOLUTION involved in this conflict as cobelliger- reporters who were detained in Burma Mr. LEE. Mr. President, the Senate ents. for shining a light on the horrific is currently considering S.J. Res. 54. I abuses that occur in the Rakhine As we are involved in that, we are re- am proud to be a cosponsor of this leg- sponsible in one way or another not State. islation—lead cosponsor, along with I have stood in solidarity with Ethio- only for the American lives that might my distinguished colleague from one day be directly implicated in this pian journalists and bloggers who are Vermont, Senator SANDERS. He and I, routinely arrested for criticizing the conflict—more than they are today be- along with Senator MURPHY and a cause we know how wars go; we know Ethiopian Government and exposing number of other Members of this body, human rights abuses in that country. I how they tend to spread. We know that have engaged in this bipartisan effort, once we put the good name of the have talked frequently about China, a in a concerted endeavor to make sure country that engages in routine cen- United States of America on the line, that the separation of powers among we are understandably reluctant to sorship and online blocking, harass- our three branches of government is re- ment, reprisals, and detention of jour- walk away from it because of what spected. that might say to the rest of the world. nalists, visa delays, and denials for There is perhaps no more morally But in order to make it legitimate, in journalists. significant decision made in govern- order to make that decision authentic, Another TIME cover shows Maria ment than the decision to go to war. in order to make it sustainable, it has Ressa, the chief executive of the Phil- Whenever we take an action as a gov- ippine news website, Rappler, who was ernment that puts American treasure to be done in the appropriate way, indicted on tax evasion charges by and, especially, American blood on the which means it first has to go to Con- President Duterte’s administration as line, we have a sacred responsibility to gress. part of a crackdown on free speech and evaluate and carefully weigh the rel- Many of my colleagues will argue—in dissent. ative risks and advantages of acting fact some of them have argued just According to the Committee to Pro- and the relative risks and advantages within the last few minutes—that we tect Journalists, an independent, non- of not acting. are somehow not involved in a war in profit organization that promotes press To make sure that kind of analysis Yemen. My distinguished friend and freedom worldwide, more than 600 jour- takes place, the Founding Fathers colleague, the Senator from Oklahoma, nalists and media workers have been wisely put this power squarely within came to the floor a little while ago, killed in the last 10 years while doing the branch of government most ac- and he said that we are not engaged in their job. countable to the people at the most direct military action in Yemen. Of the member States of the Organi- regular intervals—the Congress. This Let’s peel that back for a minute. zation for Security and Co-operation in was a big distinction from our former Let’s figure out what that means. I am Europe, Russia remains the deadliest National Government, based in Lon- not sure what the distinction between country for journalists. don, where the chief executive—the direct and indirect is here. Maybe in a Turkey is the largest jailer of jour- King—had the power to commit troops very technical sense—or under a defini- nalists in the world, and scores of to war without going to Parliament. tion of warfare or military action that media outlets have been closed since Alexander Hamilton explained this has long since been rendered out- the attempted coup there. The heavy- principle in Federalist No. 69. He ex- dated—we are not involved in that, but

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.055 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7495 we are involved in a war. We are co- rely on a memorandum that is internal committee. At the time, sadly, we re- belligerents. The minute we start iden- within the executive branch of the U.S. ceived only 44 votes to get it out of tifying targets or, as Secretary James Government that was issued in 1976 committee. That was not enough. Mattis put it about a year ago, in De- that provides a very narrow, unreason- Fast-forward a few months to the cember 2017, the minute we are in- ably slim definition of the word ‘‘hos- week before last when we voted on it volved in the decisions involving mak- tilities.’’ It defines ‘‘hostilities’’ in a again. It was, actually, the same vote, ing sure that they know the right stuff way that might have been relevant, and it resulted in 63 Members of this to hit, that is involvement in a war, that might have been accurate, per- body supporting the idea of advancing and that is pretty direct. The minute haps, in the mid-19th century, but we it out of committee. we send up U.S. military aircraft to no longer live in a world in which you Then, today, we moved to the consid- provide midair refueling assistance for have a war as understood by two com- eration of this bill, and we got, if I am Saudi jets en route to bombing mis- peting countries that are lined up on not mistaken, about 60 votes for that. I sions, to combat missions on the opposite sides of a battlefield and en- am thrilled, I am ecstatic that we had ground in Yemen, that is our direct in- gaged in direct exchanges of fire, one that result, and I look forward to my volvement in war. against another, at relatively short colleagues passing S.J. Res. 54 in the Now, if you don’t agree with me, ask range. War encompasses a lot more coming days. I urge my colleagues to any one of our armed services per- than that. War certainly encompasses vote for it. I suggest, however, that it sonnel who is involved in this effort. I midair refueling, target selection, sur- would have been even better had we would imagine that he or she would beg veillance, and reconnaissance of the done it sooner. to differ. I would imagine that the par- sort we are undertaking in Yemen. What, you might ask, changed? What ents, the children, the family members, Moreover, separate and apart from changed between when we voted for the loved ones of these brave men and this very narrow, unreasonably slim this a few months ago and we fell short women who have been involved in this definition of ‘‘hostilities’’ as deter- of the votes we needed and when we effort would beg to differ when told mined by this internal executive brought it up the week before last to that we are not involved in a war in branch document from 1976 that con- discharge it out of committee and then Yemen. tains the outdated definition, we our- voted today to move to the bill? Well, In any event, regardless of how you selves, under the War Powers Act, a number of things have happened. define war, regardless of what signifi- don’t have to technically be involved in First, the war in Yemen has contin- cance you might attach to direct hostilities. It is triggered so long as we ued. We have had a whole lot of people versus indirect military involvement ourselves are sufficiently involved with killed in Yemen as a result of this civil war. We have had a whole lot more peo- in a civil war half a world away, it still the armed forces of another nation ple in Yemen die as a result of causes triggers the constitutional require- when those armed forces of another na- related to that war. There has been ment that Congress and not merely the tion are themselves involved in hos- starvation. There have been all kinds President decide that we are going to tilities. I am speaking, of course, in of atrocities that have accompanied get involved in this war. reference to the War Powers Act’s pro- Look, I understand that there are that war. visions codified at 50 USC 1547(c). Now, I know—this is war, and war in- some competing powers in the Con- For our purposes here, it is impor- evitably involves atrocities. War inevi- stitution. It was set up deliberately tant to keep in mind what that provi- tably leads to some people dying as a that way. There is some arguable gray sions reads: ‘‘For purposes of this chap- result of a direct kinetic attack, and it area between, on the one hand, the ter [under the War Powers Act], the outer limits of the President’s Execu- almost inevitably leads to other people term ‘introduction of United States tive authority as the Commander in dying as a result of starvation or their Armed Forces’ includes the assignment Chief of the Armed Forces and, on the being subjected to other violent acts or of members of such Armed Forces to other hand, the power enjoyed exclu- tragic outcomes. I get it. That is what command, coordinate, participate in sively by Congress to declare war. Be- war does. That is precisely why it is the movement of, or accompany the cause there is some gray area, some unconstitutional and morally bankrupt regular or irregular military forces of matters on which people of reasonable for us to get involved in a war without any foreign country or government minds might disagree as to where a war the people’s elected representatives in when such military forces are engaged, begins, Congress, several decades ago, Congress voting to do so, without our or there exists an imminent threat adopted the War Powers Act in an ef- having the ability to debate it, to dis- fort to try to delineate the respective that such forces will become engaged, cuss it, and to vote affirmatively to powers of these branches. Congress de- in hostilities.’’ put our brave young men and women in In what sense, on what level, on what cided, among other things, that it harm’s way to engage in that war. planet are we not involved in the com- would be significant any time we got What else changed in addition to the manding, in the coordination, in the involved in hostilities. fact that this war has gone on and on Many of my colleagues will argue and participation, in the movement of or in with a lot of death and suffering and many of them have argued on this very the accompaniment of the armed forces misery by a whole lot of innocent peo- day, in fact, that we are not involved of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and ple? in hostilities in Yemen and therefore the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-led coali- We have also seen that when we the War Powers Act is not triggered. tion in the civil war in Yemen? I chal- pulled back the mask a little bit, when Yes, there are a couple of problems lenge anyone to explain that to me— we pulled back the curtains and looked with that argument. how it is that we are not involved in into exactly who we were fighting for One, it is just categorically untrue the way described by 50 USC 1547(c). We and why we were fighting, the people, for the reasons I mentioned a minute are. Because we are under this power- understandably, got a little freaked ago. We are helping them get to the sharing agreement that was reached in out. The death, the murder of a jour- bombing sites. We are telling them the War Powers Act that has been in nalist got a lot of people’s attention. what to bomb, what to hit, what to place over the last four or five decades, I completely agree with the com- take out. That is rather direct involve- we need to follow those procedures. It ments that have been made by several ment in war. is one of the reminders we have that we of my colleagues that every life is sa- Increasingly these days, our wars are need to respect the separation of pow- cred, that every human soul has ines- high-tech. Very often, our wars involve ers. timable worth in the eyes of God and cyber activities. They involve recon- We first brought up this resolution— should be respected by each and every naissance, surveillance, target selec- or one like it—earlier this year. It was one of us. It is therefore sad that it has tion, midair refueling. It is hard—in about 8 or 9 months ago. At the time had to take this long for us to care many cases, impossible—to fight a war we brought it up and got it to the Sen- about it. It shouldn’t be the case that without those things. That is what war ate floor, we utilized a privilege status we had to wait for a journalist to be is. accorded to resolutions like these in murdered for us to care about this un- Many of my colleagues, in arguing order to secure a vote on the Senate constitutional, unjustified, and, I be- that we are not involved in hostilities, floor to try to bring this bill out of lieve, immoral war.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.056 S12DEPT1 S7496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 Regardless of how we got here, we are ened by famine and disease. Yemen is dedicated nights and weekends to en- here. The murder of Mr. Khashoggi experiencing the worst cholera out- suring that our State remains the best caused us to think long and hard—with break in history with there being over place to live and raise a family. good reason—about the fact that we 1 million cases. In recent months, the Dating back to my first U.S. Senate have gone somewhat blindly into war, crisis has accelerated and grown at a campaign in 2006, Aaron has been an in- first under a Democratic President and rate of 10,000 cases each and every tegral part in shaping my message, then under a Republican President, week. crafting my political policy, and ensur- where it has been continued, following, The air campaign in Yemen, led by ing that every word matters. He takes somewhat blindly, the leadership of the Saudi Arabia, is now in its third year, the job seriously, but he never loses Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. and every day, it makes the humani- the ability to laugh at himself—the The fact that the Crown Prince of tarian crisis in Yemen worse. Bombs mark of a true leader. Saudi Arabia has been implicated in dropped by Saudi Arabia are killing One 4th of July, he tasked his com- the murder of Mr. Khashoggi has women and children, destroying roads munications team to write a statement caused a lot of people to stop and say: and bridges, disabling electricity and honoring Independence Day. My team Wait a minute. Maybe this doesn’t water services, and leveling schools, wrote: make sense. Wait a minute. Perhaps hospitals, and mosques. We can’t be consumed by our petty dif- this is a regime that we ought not be Meanwhile, the Government of the ferences anymore. We will be united in our supporting or at least, at a minimum, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Crown common interests. regardless of the fact that we may have Prince Muhammad bin Salman stand Aaron was appalled by the hyperbole, some interest, some reason to be allied credibly accused of ordering the mur- and he began editing the statement, with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in der of a U.S. resident journalist known only to find out that his team had some ways, maybe—just maybe—this is for his critique of the regime. pranked him by copying and pasting enough of a reason for us not to be Currently, we are debating a resolu- lines from the Hollywood blockbuster fighting a war on behalf of the King- tion that directs the President to re- movie ‘‘Independence Day.’’ move the U.S. military from hostilities dom of Saudi Arabia. We know this to Aaron’s no-nonsense style has kept in Yemen and end our Nation’s unau- be true. us focused on what really matters, and Those of us who serve in this body or thorized participation in this conflict. that is the people. His ability to see I am proud to be a cosponsor of S.J. who serve down the hall in the U.S. the big picture and the end goal is one Res. 54. I voted to bring it to the floor House of Representatives know some- of his greatest gifts. because the United States should not thing very significant, which is that if His work ethic is second to none. He be providing aerial refueling to Saudi we went to almost any one of our con- is the first person in the office in the jets bombing Yemen indiscriminately. stituents in any part of the country The U.S. Senate should pass this res- morning, and he is the last one out at and asked them ‘‘Why should we, the olution and send a clear message that night. He is rooted in his desire to cre- United States of America—the greatest our military will not prolong and will ate opportunity for the next genera- military power, the greatest republic, not worsen a humanitarian tragedy led tion, and his passion drives him to arguably, the greatest civilization the by an increasingly brutal regime. excel every day—never settling for sec- world has ever known—be putting This is also why I voted against arms ond best. American blood and treasure on the sales of additional air-to-ground muni- He has worked as my press secretary, line to fight as cobelligerents in a civil tions to Saudi Arabia. More arms sales as my communications director, and war half a world away in Yemen?’’ we and more military support for Saudi now he wraps up his time as my chief know that 99 times out of 100—perhaps Arabia are not how we are going to end of staff. 999 times out of 1,000—that it would not this crisis. We need meaningful, diplo- I want to tell him, on behalf of my result in a confident answer. We know matic, and political solutions to allevi- entire family and team Tester: Thank that it would result in an answer full of ate human suffering in Yemen. you for your service. uncertainty, ambiguity, grave concern, This is an issue that is deeply per- Aaron has been at my side through and well-justified fear for the fact that sonal to me and many Michiganders. I three grueling elections and countless we are involved in somebody else’s am proud to represent a vibrant and national media appearances. civil war—in a civil war in which we dynamic Yemeni community in Michi- I remember the first time I met this have no business fighting, in a civil gan, and I share their heartbreak over man. He was working at a local TV sta- war in which we have blindly followed the tragic situation impacting inno- tion. I was informed by my then-com- the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia into con- cent Yemenis. munications director that we had this flict. Our Nation must show real leader- guy who wanted to work for my cam- This is our decision to make. That ship and take action to ensure that paign. At the time, I said to Matt war results in bloodshed and the shed- food, water, medicine, and all nec- McKenna: Why would he want to work ding of blood that will be on our hands essary humanitarian supplies are made for me? He has a good job. if we fail to exercise our constitutional available to those who so desperately Matt responded: Maybe he actually prerogatives under a system of govern- need them. thinks you can win this election. ment in which we have taken an oath I urge all of my colleagues to join me That is exactly what Aaron Murphy to uphold, protect, and defend the Con- in supporting S.J. Res. 54. believes. He believes in the future of stitution of the United States. I hope I yield the floor. this country. He believes in the future and expect that we will do our duty. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of Montana. hope and expect that we will respect ator from Montana. There was another time, before the the lives of those who put their lives on TRIBUTE TO AARON MURPHY 2012 election, when Aaron was driving the line to protect us. Mr. TESTER. Mr. President, I am to my farm. He took the wrong road, I urge my colleagues, with all the going to change pace a little bit here. and he ended up stuck in the mud. He emotion and all the compassion I am I want to talk about a couple of people buried the car up to the frame, and, capable of summoning, to vote for and on my staff who are going to move on fortunately, he found a spot where his pass S.J. Res. 54. to greener pastures, you might say, cell phone worked and got ahold of me. I yield the floor. and I want to acknowledge them. I went out with the tractor and pulled The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- First of all, I want to acknowledge a him out of the mud. I was laughing at ator from Michigan. man who has always been there for me the time, making fun of his inability to Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, I rise to when I have needed him. Day or night, navigate a muddy road, but Aaron saw condemn the Saudi military campaign hell or high water, yes, even during the an opportunity. He later told that in Yemen, which is causing the worst first few weeks of his fatherhood, my story to a national reporter, who used humanitarian crisis since World War II. chief of staff, Aaron Murphy, has given it in a story to show that I hadn’t lost Tens of thousands of young children himself to Montana and to this Nation. my roots. have already died of starvation, and For years, he and his wife Patience Thanks for getting stuck in the mud, millions more in Yemen remain threat- and their children Mira and Wes have Aaron.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:36 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.058 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7497 Here is the thing about Aaron Mur- lem is, Dayna goes to work to make Zimbabweans heard the news that phy. He sees things differently. He has sure the problem is solved. Dayna’s Mugabe had been ousted by his own the ability to connect with people and team bends over backward to get them party and forced to retire. The people drive an agenda that matters to every- the help they deserve. of Zimbabwe burst into spontaneous day Americans. He is genuinely cre- Her leadership skills literally save celebration, hoping that with Mugabe ative, full of passion, and good for a lives. When I first got elected 12 years finally removed from power, the coun- terrible pun or a dad joke. ago, Dayna designed our constituent try might begin to move forward after Aaron, on behalf of my family, on be- casework process. She knew that my nearly 40 years of his reign. half of the entire staff—both here in No. 1 goal would be to help the people I had the opportunity to visit DC and in State—I want to thank you of Montana, and every day since then, Zimbabwe in February of 2016, where I for your hard work, your service, your she has committed her heart and soul led a delegation to southern Africa. dedication, and your willingness to to that mission. Mugabe’s misrule of the country was come back to the political fray and She has ushered Cabinet Secretaries certainly evident at that time. The help me for the last 2 years. across the State, showing them what devastation had taken its toll on the Thank you very much. rural America looks like. She has capital city of Harare. Yet, somehow, TRIBUTE TO DAYNA SWANSON worked with county commissioners, the people of Zimbabwe were so capa- Mr. President, I also want to talk State legislators, and everyday Mon- ble, so resilient, and had persevered about my State director, who is also tanans to ensure that Montana re- and were looking to a brighter future. leaving for greener pastures. I guess mains the last best place. I was able at that time to reconnect She has flown in the dead of winter that is what happens when you get re- with friends whom I hadn’t seen for 30 with me when it has been so cold you elected. years, including one of my missionary My State director’s name is Dayna couldn’t see the ground, and when you companions, Peter Chaya, who despite Swanson. She is an incredible woman. did land, you could see that the wings severe physical disability brought on She is a leader, wise counsel, and of the plane were covered with ice. by polio as a child, managed to raise For 12 years, she has been my eyes friend. Anybody who knows Dayna four children and contribute a great and ears on the ground in Montana. We knows she is a package of dynamite. deal to his church, to his community, have spent hundreds of hours to- A few years back, Dayna wanted to and to his country. gether—windshield time—from places get an old pickup. She looked around, Zimbabwe’s greatest potential has al- like Wibaux to Libby and all along the and she found an old pickup. She found ways been its people, and it is time for way. We have shared countless laughs a 1949 Chevrolet pickup that had a the government to take steps to ensure and have worked to make the State a that this potential can finally be real- pretty, fresh, green paint job. In fact, better place. ized. it was a paint job that also included While her time in my office comes to I want to work with Zimbabwe to part of the chrome bumper painted a close, I know there are great opportu- make this happen, and that is why I in- green. It looked good to Dayna, and she nities on the horizon for Dayna and her troduced the Zimbabwe Democracy and bought it. Needless to say, it probably partner Denise, who just took over as Economic Recovery Amendment Act, needed a little work. When you went superintendent of schools in the Se- along with Senator COONS, last March. around the corner, the doors would fly attle school system. She will be head- Senator COONS has been a valued part- open, and sometimes it would start, ing out to Seattle, where she will make ner in efforts to bring better govern- and sometimes it wouldn’t. Seattle a better place, just as she has ance to Zimbabwe, and I am sure that I figured, what the heck. It is an old made Montana a better place. we can play a constructive role. pickup. It is a great parade vehicle. We In Dayna Swanson’s particular case, The ZDERA Amendment Act, signed had a homecoming parade coming up in on behalf of my wife, the entire Tester into law in August, reiterates that in Missoula, so I asked Dayna if we could team, and the people of Montana, I say: order for sanctions on Zimbabwe to be use her new 1949 pickup in the parade. Thank you for a job well done. lifted, the government must restore We were in the parade with the vehicle With that, I yield the floor. the rule of law, it must hold free and and, as usual—it is what you would Mr. MENENDEZ. I suggest the ab- fair elections, and it must demonstrate think—it overheated, the hose blew, sence of a quorum. a sincere commitment to land reform, and before we knew it, the Lieutenant The PRESIDING OFFICER. The but—and this is different from the Governor was pushing the rig down the clerk will call the roll. prior statute—our changes send a sig- road with me driving it, which was The legislative clerk proceeded to nal to the Government of Zimbabwe, to kind of nice. call the roll. the opposition, and to the Zimbabwean That is Dayna. She is not afraid to Mr. FLAKE. Mr. President, I ask people that the United States is inter- take a risk. She inherited these traits unanimous consent that the order for ested in improving the state of our bi- from two marvelous people, her par- the quorum call be rescinded. lateral relationship, including in the ents, Butch and Kathy. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without areas of trade and investment. Dayna and I come from different objection, it is so ordered. The bill asks that the government of parts of the State of Montana, but we ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe take concrete, tangible still have some things in common. I Mr. FLAKE. Mr. President, last week steps toward good governance and the come from North Central Montana, I chaired a hearing in the Senate For- enactment of economic reforms. It where agriculture is the business. It is eign Relations Committee Sub- asks that all statutes inconsistent with done there, and we dig in the Earth to committee on Africa and Global Health Zimbabwe’s 2013 Constitution are ei- make a living. She comes from just that focused on Zimbabwe. ther replaced or amended to bring east of the Continental Divide, where As a young man, I fell in love with them in line with that Constitution. hard-working miners dig in the Earth the continent of Africa and, specifi- Finally, it underlines the need for a ro- to find minerals and, consequently, are cally, with the country of Zimbabwe, bust civil society that is allowed to able to put food on their table. where I served part of my Mormon mis- function freely and without govern- Her Anaconda roots—her Irish sion. The year was 1983, and the coun- ment interference. roots—define her, as evidenced by her try had recently gained its independ- The conditions outlined in the love of Jameson Whiskey, but it is her ence. A man by the name of Robert ZDERA Amendment Act are reasonable heart that makes her so special. Mugabe was serving as Prime Minister and will not take too long to achieve. Dayna has compassionately lead my at the time. I don’t think anyone could I urge President Mnangagwa to move Montana team in the State, guiding have predicted back then that Mugabe ahead and repeal troublesome statutes them through difficult times, over- would serve as leader of Zimbabwe and engage in meaningful economic re- coming government bureaucracy, and until November of 2017, nor could any- form along the lines of what Finance putting some big wins on the board for one have imagined the damage that he Minister Ncube has already rec- the State she loves—Montana. would do to this beautiful country. ommended. When a Montanan walks into one of Jubilation erupted in the streets of I remain concerned that a lack of my offices, regardless of what the prob- Harare in November of 2017 when momentum for reforming Zimbabwe

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.060 S12DEPT1 S7498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 will squander the opportunity pre- mad bin Salman, especially regarding Act; that the Trump administration sented by the former President’s oust- the death of Jamal Khashoggi, an needs congressional authority, either er. We can’t expect Zimbabwe to flip a American-based Saudi journalist mur- pursuant to the War Powers Act or, switch and reverse nearly four decades dered in Turkey. I have a lot of respect more important, pursuant to article II of misrule in a few months’ time, but for the Senators weighing in, making of the U.S. Constitution, to conduct we should expect more urgency to re- their arguments all day today, includ- military operations in support of Saudi form the economy and to expand the ing Senators YOUNG, LEE, CORKER, Arabia’s military goals in Yemen. political space for the opposition. PAUL, GRAHAM, MURPHY, MENENDEZ, Senator LEE has done a great job of There is no more outward sign that and CARDIN—many. We do need to un- pressing this issue. There are many Zimbabwe has yet to turn the page derstand what happened, what our in- issues on which I agree with Senator than the government leveling charges telligence and our government have LEE of Utah. He is clearly one of this against opposition figures like Tendai surrounding this death. I am glad the body’s most knowledgeable and pas- Biti and others. There is no purpose CIA Director came to the Hill to brief sionate Members in safeguarding con- served by going after one’s political op- Members. But this debate has taken stitutional prerogatives, but in this ponents, especially in the wake of a something of a much more complex case, I simply disagree with him and contested election. turn. the other Senators whose views I view The new government of Zimbabwe Certainly, the heinous murderers as way too restrictive on the Com- bears much of the responsibility for need to be held accountable. There is mander in Chief’s ability to utilize our forging a positive path forward, but the no doubt about that. But what we have military. opposition party needs to play a con- been discussing, and what is really If we set the precedent that even an structive role there as well. The leader being implicated here on the floor— operation such as the refueling of air- of the Movement for Democratic which hasn’t really been talked about craft of allied countries, not even oc- Change, Nelson Chamisa, is young and too much—is the broader issue of U.S. curring in a war zone, needs congres- capable. He has a long career ahead of or American presence in the region, sional authority either through the him. It would be to his benefit and to not just regarding the current conflict War Powers Act or article II, we would the benefit of all Zimbabweans to rec- in Yemen but also our broader stra- severely limit the executive branch’s ognize the legitimacy of the new gov- tegic relationship with Saudi Arabia ability to direct international crises ernment and to help create an inclu- and our national security interests in and safeguard our global national secu- sive process moving ahead. the region. rity interests. I believe the notion that As in any democracy, Zimbabwe My colleagues are justified in their refueling allied aircraft constitutes needs a loyal opposition in the form of frustration—no doubt I share it as hostilities would be an unworkable an opposition party or parties to hold well—with the Saudis, with what is precedent and is a stretch of the term. the government accountable within the happening, but removing American I have also been skeptical of Senate framework of the rule of law. There leadership and oversight from this con- attempts to vote to remove Presi- will be new elections to contest and flict through this resolution is not the dential authority on our military oper- more chances to make the case to vot- way we should go about addressing this ations once those operations have ers. Now is the time to unify the coun- issue. We are trying to execute a policy begun. For example, we had a debate try. that both reflects America’s values and on military operations and the author- During this past few months, I have our national security interests. That is ity of our military to operate in Af- thought often about my friends, like what is being debated here today. We ghanistan, which I believe sends the Peter Chaya and others in Zimbabwe, need to send a strong message to the wrong message to our troops. It is a whom I know deserve far better from Saudis, but that message cannot under- precedent that once hostilities begin, their government than they have re- cut our own national security or those we don’t have the backs of our forces. ceived in the past four decades. They of our allies. The message cannot I think that is also a dangerous prece- deserve a government that represents strengthen what clearly is the biggest dent. them, a government that provides an threat in the region; that is, Iran, the That is not to say this is not an im- environment that allows them to fol- largest state sponsor of terrorism, portant debate. It is certainly an im- low their dreams and to realize the which almost nobody on the Senate portant debate. Other Members such as dreams of their children. floor has been talking about over the Senator KAINE have talked about the Zimbabwe deserves a government last several weeks. I intend to. importance of the issue of military au- worthy of its people, and I encourage Today’s vote has meant different thority, but with regard to this discus- my colleagues to look for ways to en- things to different Senators. I have sion, I think it is too limiting. gage constructively with Zimbabwe’s watched and listened to floor speeches. new government moving ahead. The I have participated in debates with my Let me talk about the second major new ZDERA presents a good, worthy colleagues within the Republican Con- issue involved that most Senators have framework. ference and when all the Senators have been focused on: whether to vote to af- By next month, my role will change, met when we were briefed by adminis- firmatively end U.S. military assist- but I will remain involved, and I will tration officials. ance to Saudi Arabia and their actions still be committed to a strong partner- I thought I would try to unpack a lit- in Yemen and whether and how, in ship between the United States and tle bit of some of these different argu- doing so, it will help end the humani- Zimbabwe. ments as I have seen them and provide tarian disaster going on there. I yield the floor. my views. I compliment Senator YOUNG and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Generally, this debate is focused in Senator MURPHY, who have been mak- ROUNDS). The Senator from Alaska. three different areas: One, about the ing the case passionately on this topic S.J. RES. 54 constitutional authority—the War with much expertise. Clearly, they and Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, we Powers Act—that we have actually this body have been focused on two have been debating for quite some time been undertaking these kind of oper- goals: We all want a peaceful resolu- on the Senate floor the Yemen war ations with the Saudis in Yemen. The tion to the conflict in Yemen, and we powers resolution introduced by my other is limiting and ending U.S. as- all want an end to the humanitarian colleagues Senator SANDERS and Sen- sistance to Saudi operations—U.S. disaster in Yemen. ator LEE, which would cut off support military assistance—in Yemen. Fi- The reason I voted against the reso- for the Saudi-led war in Yemen—sup- nally, some Senators have been focused lution today is because I do not believe port that began under President on downgrading the U.S. relationship that either of these goals will be made Obama. with the Saudis because of what has easier or advanced by less American in- Surrounding this vote today, many of been happening both in Yemen and volvement in the conflict. To the con- my colleagues on both sides of the aisle with the Khashoggi murder. trary, if the United States no longer have expressed extreme frustration First, let me talk about the constitu- has the ability to help guide the Saudis with the Saudi Crown Prince, Muham- tional arguments on the War Powers militarily in Yemen, I believe these

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.061 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7499 two important goals—ending the hu- discussing goes much broader than just state sponsor of terrorism. Such an ac- manitarian crisis and bringing a peace- the relationship between our military tion would further embolden Iran and ful resolution—will actually be harder involvement in Yemen and really im- no doubt embolden its proxies, while at to reach. plicates the entire U.S.-Saudi strategic the same time our allies, including That is not just my view; that was relationship. It is the desire of a num- Israel, would feel less secure. the view of Secretary Mattis and Sec- ber of my colleagues to use this debate As this debate has carried on in the retary Pompeo when they came to brief and the despicable Khashoggi murder Senate, with no one talking about the all 100 Senators 2 weeks ago. In par- as an opportunity to fully downgrade largest state sponsor of terrorism, I ticular, Secretary Mattis knows the re- this decades-old strategic relationship. have found it very troubling because gion and certainly knows about how The Saudis are difficult partners, no the lens through which we need to view hostilities end and begin in the region. doubt. They have been for decades. security in the Middle East is through The basis of their arguments—with Last week, when I was presiding, Sen- Iran. Although we have dissatisfaction which I agree—was, first, there is no ator RUBIO gave an excellent speech and frustration with some of our allies, doubt the Saudis have prosecuted the saying that he believed the Saudis are we must remember the most signifi- war badly, but both the Obama admin- testing the limits of their relationship cant and serious threat in the Middle istration’s Department of Defense and with the United States and that we East continues to be Iran. the Trump administration’s Depart- should look to draw some hard lines There has been a lot of focus on the ment of Defense have worked hard to and recalibrate elements of our rela- horrible death of Mr. Khashoggi. Any minimize casualties. tionship while demanding improve- death is horrible, but let me talk about Does anyone actually believe the sit- ments in other areas. I agreed with some other deaths. uation in Yemen will improve without much of Senator RUBIO’s speech, in- In the Middle East, in Iraq, we have U.S. assistance and guidance? The cluding his conclusion, like mine, that had over 500 American military mem- question almost answers itself. Having we should not be cutting off our mili- bers killed and almost 2,000 wounded by our military involved has helped the tary assistance to the Saudis in Yemen improvised explosive devices supplied Saudis improve their coordination and because it would do much more harm to Iraqi Shia militias by the Iranians. improve their targeting to minimize ci- than good. Let me say that again: Over 2,000 vilian casualties. Having our military Nevertheless, some Senators have ar- Americans killed and wounded by the involved has helped the Saudis manage gued for much more downgrading of largest state sponsor of terrorism. Yet disagreements between them and their the U.S. relationship with Saudi Ara- nobody seems to talk about that. Yes, Gulf coalition partners. These partners bia. In fact, so much of this has been one death of an American journalist is also play an important role in helping exclusively focused on the Saudis, with horrible. Over 2,000 American dead and to bring an end to this war. no other reference to any other coun- wounded is really horrible. Where was Having our military involved has try in the Middle East, that it seems the outrage about those deaths? Where also helped provide critical leverage as this debate on the floor has been in a was the outrage about those murders? we move into the hopeful peace nego- vacuum, but as we know, there are a Where were the editorials about those tiations underway in Sweden as we lot more countries in the region, in- murders of American citizens? The pre- speak. Yemen’s Government and the cluding the world’s biggest sponsor of vious administration wasn’t focused on Houthi rebels have evidently agreed to those because they were focused on the a prisoner swap, which could include state terrorism, Iran, which nobody is Iran nuclear deal. thousands of prisoners and could be the talking about. We should be talking All I am saying is, in this debate, no- beginning of a diplomatic break- about them because, in fact, the war in body is talking about the real enemy of through. Yemen began when Tehran-backed I had the opportunity to talk with Houthi rebels seized power in 2015. the United States—the Iranians, who Secretaries Mattis and Pompeo this Again, there is not a lot of discussion are watching this debate and smiling weekend. Both said this would be ex- about how it began. because no one is talking about them. actly the wrong time, at a key diplo- Tehran is trying to establish a So I thought it was important to come matic moment, to have the United Hezbollah-like entity on the Arabian down and say: Some of us are. Some of States limit and end its military as- Peninsula in Yemen, including in- us know you are behind the war in sistance to Saudi Arabia. creased capabilities to target cities in Yemen. Some of us know you contin- I know sometimes people don’t like Saudi Arabia with ballistic missiles ually say you want to wipe Israel off to think this way, but military supplied by Iran. This is all part of the face of the Earth. Some of us know strength and leverage is often crit- Iran’s broader strategy in the region to the Iran deal only emboldened you. ical—critical to successful diplomatic encircle our traditional allies—whether What we need to keep in mind is, yes, negotiations. For the first time, there Saudi Arabia, Gulf Arab States, and of we have difficult partners. No doubt is promise—promise in negotiations in course Israel—with proxy fighters the Saudis are difficult. They are not Sweden. All of us want that to succeed. throughout Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, perfect by any sense of the word. However, I believe we undermine our and close relationships in Iraq. Yet no But this is a difficult region, and chances of success in these diplomatic one in this debate seems to want to these are difficult issues, and if we efforts if Congress forces the United talk about Iran. I thought I would do think we can debate Yemen and our States to end military assistance to so for a minute. help there without talking about the the Saudis. Let’s talk about the humanitarian Saudis and the Iranians, who started We also have an even more direct and crisis in Yemen. U.S. humanitarian aid the war and are trying to circle our dif- real national security interest in the has totaled almost $697 million in the ferent allies, including Israel, and region. Yemen is an important front in past 14 months. Yes, Saudi Arabia think somehow that this debate is not the war on terror: It is the home to al- could do a much better job, but they emboldening them more, I think we are Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, AQAP. have invested well over $1 billion to try misguided. They have attempted multiple times to to end the suffering. Iran—the country I voted against this resolution be- directly attack our homeland. They which started the war, the country no- cause I still think it is important to were responsible for the attack on the body on the Senate floor is talking keep in mind that the lens through USS Cole that killed 17 sailors and se- about—not a dime to relieve the suf- which we need to assess our security verely wounded 39 others, and they fering. Sure, they have supplied weap- interests and those of our allies in the were responsible for the 2015 massacre ons and ballistic missiles in the tens of Middle East is through what helps or at Charlie Hebdo’s offices in Paris. millions of dollars but nothing to re- undermines Iran. I am concerned that Limiting our military involvement in lieve the suffering. this resolution can help them, and that Yemen could pose significant risk with If we cut off U.S. military assistance is not good for the United States, it is regard to AQAP that I believe would be to Riyadh and Yemen, you had better not good for the war in Yemen, it is not unacceptable for the American people. believe the one capital in the Middle good for the humanitarian catastrophe The third line of argument we have East that will be cheering the loudest in Yemen, and it is certainly not good seen on the floor and many have been is Tehran—again, the world’s largest for all allies like Israel.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.063 S12DEPT1 S7500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 I yield the floor. norms. They have funded extremism Houthis alike. Day after day, the hu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that led to the rise of terrorism. They manitarian crisis of famine, cholera, ator from Connecticut. may well have provided financial sup- other medical afflictions, and simple Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I port and even training for the Saudis trauma to those children trying to want to begin by thanking a number of who went to the United States and grow up in the midst of exploding my colleagues who have contributed so thereafter enabled and led and partici- bombs continues to get worse. The much to bringing us to this point on pated in the attack on this Nation. United Nations warns that 14 million S.J. Res. 54. I have been very pleased We should never forget the survivors Yemenis could face starvation—14 mil- and honored to work with them in co- and the loved ones of 9/11. We should lion—14 million innocent people facing sponsoring these measures in the never overlook the Saudi role in that starvation. past—most recently in March and now horrific attack. We should never relent Diplomatic efforts, in coordination today—to end all U.S. involvement in in supporting those 9/11 families. with the United Nations and European the Saudi-led war in Yemen that is Fortunately, we have made progress allies, are vital to establish a peace killing innocent civilians and mur- in holding Saudi Arabia accountable framework and ensure civilian access dering children and committing, argu- for its culpability in 9/11. In 2016, this to humanitarian aid. ably, war crimes. Congress unanimously passed the Jus- In the absence of meaningful action The United States should have no tice Against Sponsors of Terrorism from the United States, the humani- complicity in these actions that betray Act—JASTA—to allow terrorist vic- tarian crisis in Yemen will only wors- our values and our national interest, so tims their day in court, their fair op- en. Regional instability will be exacer- this resolution would direct the re- portunity to hold accountable state bated. America’s standing in the global moval of all U.S. Armed Forces from sponsors of terrorism, including the community will be further undercut hostilities. Saudi Arabian Government. This Sep- and enduringly diminished. In March of this year, I led a letter to There are many to thank—Senators tember, the Senate unanimously the Department of Defense with my SANDERS and LEE, Senator MENENDEZ, passed my resolution to release all colleague Senator JACK REED of Rhode and my colleague from Connecticut, classified documents related to the 9/11 Island, along with many of our col- Senator MURPHY—but I want to thank attack. These documents are abso- leagues on the Senate Armed Services some people who have not been men- lutely essential to giving those fami- Committee, stating our concern re- tioned during this proceeding. lies their day in court because they are Before Yemen and before the killing garding U.S. support for Saudi military the evidence that is needed to establish operations against the Houthis in of Khashoggi—that is, before the civil the link the United States has—intel- war in Yemen and the Saudi involve- Yemen and asking about the DOD’s in- ligence dating from those days now volvement, apparently without appro- ment in it and before the brutal, hei- seemingly long ago—that inculpates nous killing of the American journalist priate notification of Congress, and its the Saudis. agreements to provide refueling sup- Jamal Khashoggi—there was 9/11. The We must support the continued in- port to the Saudis and the Saudi coali- victims and loved ones of those victims vestigation into 9/11 by our law en- tion partners. We were concerned that are remembered by me. They are forcement and intelligence agencies, the DOD had not appropriately docu- friends. They are heroes. They have and we must support those 9/11 families mented reimbursements for aerial re- fought relentlessly to hold the Govern- to ensure that the facts are made pub- fueling support provided by the United ment of Saudi Arabia accountable for lic and that the necessary individuals, States. its culpability—not yet proven in entities, and governments are held ac- Eight months later—just days ago— court, but they are seeking to hold the countable. the Department of Defense responded monarchy accountable for its possible The families of victims who perished to our letter and admitted that it has involvement. on that horrific day deserve answers failed to appropriately notify Congress They have been largely absent from about those events and circumstances of its support agreements; it has failed the discussion on this floor, but they surrounding the terrorist attack. We to adequately charge Saudi Arabia and are the original champions of holding know their pain and grief are very the United Arab Emirates for fuel and the Saudis responsible for any and all much with them. We should respect refueling assistance. That admission 8 possible involvement in supporting the their loss and honor it with action. months after our inquiry is a damning 9/11 attack on our Nation. Make no We should recognize those heroes like indictment. These errors in accounting mistake—their loved ones were vic- Brett Eagleson of Connecticut and the mean that the United States was di- tims, but it was an attack on our Na- families of Connecticut and New York rectly funding the Saudi war in Yemen. tion, on the Twin Towers, on our De- and New Jersey and all around the It has been doing it since March of 2015. fense Department, on a plane that was country—and so many are from our In November, the administration an- forced to crash in Pennsylvania. area of New York, Connecticut, and nounced an end to U.S. aerial refueling I am pleased that the U.S. Senate is New Jersey—who continue to demand support for Saudi military operations pursuing justice for Jamal Khashoggi. justice and have done so year after in Yemen, but we still must determine He was a journalist, an opinion writer year—well before this resolution came whether the Department of Defense for an American newspaper with two before us. was incompetent or disingenuous—or young children who are U.S. citizens. I say to my colleagues today, we need both—in failing to charge the Saudis The United States has a moral obli- to keep our resolve alive and well to and Emiratis for previous refueling as- gation to end support for a government never forget, never yield to hopeless- sistance. We need accountability, a full that engages in this kind of heinous, ness, never allow our support for these explanation from the Department of murderous action. There is intelligence 9/11 families to diminish, never cease Defense. that points directly to the highest lev- our quest for justice in the name of The Department will be seeking re- els of the Saudi monarchy—namely to Brett Eagleson’s dad and his family imbursement for its refueling support, the Crown Prince, Muhammad bin and every family who still suffers the but I will continue to demand and con- Salman. pain and grief from 9/11. duct oversight to get to the bottom of The United States ought to end its Given the role of the Saudi Govern- this apparent negligence. I have made support for the humanitarian crisis ment in perpetrating the 9/11 attacks, the DOD aware of my concerns, and I caused by the Saudi-led war in Yemen. the brutal murder of Jamal Khashoggi, will evaluate whether an inspector gen- Make no mistake—it was and is a and the Saudi-inflicted humanitarian eral investigation is necessary to de- Saudi-led attack, and the Kingdom is crisis, this reevaluation of the U.S. re- termine the extent to which U.S. tax- responsible for it, but this monarchy lationship with Saudi Arabia is long payer funds—potentially millions and was doing bad things and engaged in overdue. tens of millions of dollars—were used bad behavior well before the Yemen The Saudi-led war has consisted of an to fund the Saudi war and used to fund civil war and Khashoggi’s tragic death. aggressive campaign as brutal as the it without the legally required ac- The Saudis have a long record of vio- murder of Jamal Khashoggi, indis- knowledgment and approval from the lating human rights and international criminately killing civilians and Congress of the United States.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.067 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7501 Very simply, the United States and fund their stays in the Trump well over 100 children under the age of should not be funding this war. We hotel was a despicable irony and insult 5 dying of hunger and starvation each should not be supporting this war. We to America, but it yielded the Trump day. We are told by the experts that 8 should not be providing intelligence or Organization $270,000 and millions of to 14 million people are at risk of star- logistics support. We should not be dollars, by the President’s own ac- vation, but many are already starving, complicit in the indiscriminate tar- knowledgment—indeed, his boasting— and not just children under 5—the geting of civilians in Yemen, the mur- go to the Trump organization from whole spectrum of society. der of children, the famine and human- condos, apartments, and offices rented We have been directly involved in itarian crisis that are ongoing right or bought in New York, Chicago, and ways that, in my mind, violate the War now. That is why today we should pass Washington, DC, to say nothing of Powers Act by directly facilitating the this resolution. deals that may be contemplated by the movement of armaments and assisting It is all the more important today, as Trump Organization now or after Don- Saudi Arabia in this assault, and this well, that the Senate take a stand, ald Trump leaves office. These kinds of assault must end. We have to send a given the Trump family ties to the payments and benefits directly impli- strong message, and we can do that Saudis and the President’s habit of un- cate the emoluments clause of the Con- through this vote we are facing ahead dermining the intelligence community. stitution. They are part of the reason of us. That is one piece of the conversa- In the absence of leadership from the that I have enlisted almost 200 of my tion regarding Saudi Arabia. President, Congress must reassert its colleagues in the U.S. Congress in a The other piece is that the Saudi constitutional responsibility to author- lawsuit called Blumenthal v. Trump, Government has assassinated an Amer- ize the use of U.S. military support. and I believe this lawsuit, which claims ican resident—an American resident We must take action to uphold the that the President violated the chief who is also an American newspaper col- Constitution, as well as American val- anti-corruption provision of the U.S. umnist. What do we have as a re- ues and interests. Intelligence assess- Constitution, will shed even more light sponse? We have the weakest possible ments indicate with high certainty on those payments and benefits from response from President Trump, with that members of the Saudi royal fam- Saudi Arabia and other countries President Trump saying that we don’t ily, including the Crown Prince MBS, around the world. These friendships know what happened. The Saudi Crown Prince may have been involved; he ordered and orchestrated the murder of and conflicts of interest demonstrate might not have been involved. Who will Jamal Khashoggi. But both President the very flawed and likely corrupt ever know? Trump and his son-in-law Jared basis for the Trump administration’s Kushner have undermined these find- We need a strong watchdog for Amer- foreign policy with Saudi Arabia. ican values. We need the President to ings and tried to stifle the intelligence American credibility is at stake. We stand up to Saudi Arabia. We don’t community conclusions. They have un- must end all U.S. involvement in the need to hear that we are going to be dermined not only these conclusions Saudi war. We must sanction the top weak in the face of an assassination of but more broadly the intelligence com- levels of the Saudi monarchy under rel- an American resident because they munity itself. evant statutes like the Global happen to buy armaments from the President Trump has debased and dis- Magnitsky Act. We must ensure that honored brave intelligence profes- United States. Yet that is what we are the President removes U.S. forces from hearing from President Trump—weak- sionals by demeaning their fact-based any hostilities against the Yemeni peo- ness, selling out American values be- conclusions as ‘‘feelings.’’ President ple. cause they buy some American prod- Trump has falsely claimed that ‘‘we There are countless reasons to vote ucts. may never know all the facts sur- for this resolution. I call on my col- What more trouble can we invite rounding the murder of Mr. Jamal leagues to support it and to make sure around the world if we don’t stand up Khashoggi.’’ that U.S. support for this unacceptable for human rights and we don’t stand up His Secretary of State and Secretary conflict in Saudi—the aggression and for our residents and we don’t stand up of Defense, unfortunately, have further attacks by Saudi Arabia on innocent for our journalists, all tied in together demeaned those findings by saying that civilians—is ended now. here? there is no direct evidence or there is Thank you. Let’s be forceful in how we vote on no smoking gun. The fact is that there I yield the floor. this resolution. Let’s send a strong is powerful and compelling evidence. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- message. We know from public statements of ator from Oregon. This challenge of the President in ig- my colleagues coming from briefings Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, under noring the article I powers in our Con- by the intelligence community, and we our Constitution, we have article I, stitution, in which the power to be in- recently learned that the White House which addresses the powers of Con- volved in war is vested in this body, Middle East adviser—I should put ‘‘ad- gress, and article II, the powers of the Congress, is not the only problem we viser’’ in quotes—Jared Kushner of- Presidency. Our Founders were so con- have. We also have core corruption of fered advice to his close friend Muham- cerned that the President would take our Constitution in the form of gerry- mad Bin Salman about how to ‘‘weath- us into war without justification that mandering and voter suppression and er the storm’’ during the warranted they made sure to explicitly place the dark money, all of which erode the fun- backlash of Saudi Arabia after the power to go to war with Congress—with damental vision, the vision in our Con- murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Rather the House and Senate. stitution of a ‘‘we the people’’ govern- than ensuring accountability, Jared But here we are, debating the issue of ment, one that serves as President Lin- Kushner is inexplicably offering sup- how the President took us into war in coln so eloquently said, to operate ‘‘of port. Yemen as a facilitator of Saudi Arabia, the people, by the people, for the peo- There is also stunning evidence that providing intelligence, providing ad- ple.’’ Instead, we have the government the Saudi Government lobbyists re- vice, refueling planes, providing arma- operating of, by, and for the powerful served blocks of rooms at the Trump ments. It is time for us to take a pow- in this country—the 1 percent in this hotel in Washington, paying for an es- erful and clear stand and change this country. timated 500 nights in the luxury hotel and end this. It certainly wasn’t done in 2017 with just 3 months after President Trump Here is what has been going on. For a tax bill that took $1.5 trillion—or call was elected, bringing veterans to Wash- multiple years now, Saudi Arabia has it $2 trillion, if you include the interest ington to lobby against JASTA, the been bombing the civilian infrastruc- on the $1.5 trillion—out of our Federal bill I mentioned earlier—the bill that ture of Yemen, indiscriminately Treasury and gave it to the very rich- enables the 9/11 victims to have their slaughtering civilians, destroying est Americans. Boy, that is not a ‘‘we day in court, the bill that upholds schools and hospitals and neighbor- the people’’ action. American interests and American val- hoods and water systems. What is the We didn’t invest in healthcare. We ues and American people. result of destroying the water systems? didn’t invest in education. We need ap- The effort of the Saudi Government The largest outbreak of cholera in the prenticeship programs. We need tech- to bring those veterans to Washington history of humankind. We now have nical education. We need better public

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.068 S12DEPT1 S7502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 schools. We need affordable colleges. State Jon Husted to purge thousands of the other party to try to prevent them We didn’t invest in education. We Ohioans from the voting rolls. If you from voting. It is un-American. It goes didn’t make our healthcare system are not on the voting rolls, you can’t against the essence of what our Con- more affordable. We didn’t take on the vote when the election comes. Again, stitution is all about. drug companies. We didn’t proceed to who were disproportionately affected? It is wrong, and yet, since the Voting invest in the challenge of unaffordable African Americans—the Ohio voting Rights Act was torn down by the Su- housing. We didn’t invest in infrastruc- roll purge strategy of voter suppres- preme Court of the United States, we ture and create living-wage jobs. Those sion. see it time and again. We don’t just see are the four foundations of a thriving What did we see in North Carolina? it before the election. We see it during family—healthcare, housing, edu- Thanks to a law passed by the Repub- the election day. cation, and living-wage jobs. We ig- lican State legislature, nearly 20 per- In Georgia, we saw hours-long lines nored all of that and had the govern- cent of North Carolina’s early voting to vote in majority-minority districts, ment of the powerful giving $1.5 tril- locations were closed, forcing voters to either because machines didn’t happen lion or $2 trillion, if we include the in- travel longer or wait in long election- to be working or they didn’t have the terest, to the richest Americans—gov- day lines to cast their vote. I will give extension cords to turn them on. ernment by and for the powerful. you one guess on who was impacted the In Arizona, one polling place didn’t Voter suppression is a key strategy most. Who was this target aimed at? exist on election day because even in this. What did President Reagan Well, it was aimed at African-Amer- though people were told to vote there, have to say about that? President ican voters—the long line strategy it was in a building that was locked up. Reagan said: ‘‘For this Nation to re- from North Carolina and Kansas, as Voting machines were inside, but the main true to its principles, we cannot well. doors were locked. The building had allow any American’s vote to be de- In Kansas, the county clerk in Dodge been foreclosed on, but they didn’t nied, diluted or defiled.’’ City, citing construction, moved the bother to move it next door or some- Now, there is a statement by a man only polling place in a town that is 60 where close by, enabling people to vote. who understood that voting is the percent Hispanic from a spot downtown In Texas, we heard about the ma- foundation of our democratic repub- to an arena built for rodeo and farming chines that were changing people’s votes from a Democratic candidate to lic—a core right of Americans—and he shows outside the city limits. This was Republican candidate. believed we needed to stand up and a location that had no sidewalk and is All the while, President Trump was make sure that core value remains separated from the rest of the city by fully intact. But so often in our Nation working to cast doubt on the legit- train tracks, making it as difficult as imacy of our normal election proc- we have seen those who wield power for possible for voters to get there. It was the powerful proceed to deny or dilute esses—tweeting out that ballots com- targeted at a Hispanic community. ing in after election night shouldn’t be or defile the power to vote, particu- We saw voting suppression aimed at counted. What was he talking about larly in poor communities, particularly college students, too. In Iowa, the leg- down in Florida, about ballots that in communities of color. islature passed a bill to cut 11 days off We have seen everything. We have shouldn’t be counted? We are talking early voting this year in order to make about the absentee ballots for our sol- seen poll taxes. We have seen literacy it harder to vote. It also had a tricky tests. We have seen post-Civil War good diers overseas. But because the Presi- little deal on an ID requirement, which character tests. We have seen the use dent was concerned that they might will not now go into effect until next of felony charges to make it impossible change the outcome, he didn’t want year, but it created a great deal of con- for African Americans to vote in the them counted. fusion about this year because it made South. We have seen voter intimida- If only Ronald Reagan could spend a people think they weren’t eligible to tion, and we have seen it sometimes few minutes with President Trump and vote because it said your ID had to through racist dog whistling and polit- remind him of what our Nation is all have an expiration date on it. Why was ical postcards. We have a long history about, what our Constitution is all this tricky little thing done? Because of these types of actions to deny, di- about, how important voting is, and college IDs often don’t have an expira- lute, and defile the power to vote. that it should never be denied or di- I would like to say there is some- tion date on them. luted. thing of our past that we saw with the Well, it is a total violation of the vi- None of these efforts are unique. We 1965 Voting Rights Act, but that act sion Ronald Reagan laid out, and real- saw these efforts back in 2016, as well, was struck down by the Supreme ly, of the foundation—the vision—of in the first election after the Voting Court. We are seeing all kinds of forms our Constitution and the power to vote. Rights Act was torn down by the Su- In New Hampshire, a bill was signed of voter suppression emerge in 2016 and preme Court. That was the Shelby 2018. into law this past July aimed at sup- County v. Holder decision. The Court In 2018, thousands of Native Ameri- pressing college-age voters as well. It thought this wasn’t necessary any cans in North Dakota living on Tribal says students and other part-time resi- more. Maybe they should ask Congress reserves and using their P.O. boxes for dents have to become permanent resi- whether it was necessary. Now that we their mail address were kept from cast- dents. How do you become a permanent find out it was necessary, maybe they ing a ballot because of a law that came resident in order to cast a ballot? You should reverse their decision. We need into effect in 2018. It said you can’t have to buy an in-State license. If you to put a new issue before them. Maybe vote without a conventional address— have a car in another State, you have we need a new Voting Rights Act. the North Dakota ‘‘conventional ad- to reregister it in New Hampshire, Maybe it should apply to every State, dress’’ effort to dilute or deny or ob- which means registration fees, fees for rather than just the States that were struct the power to vote. license plates, and possibly separate in the 1965 Voting Rights Act bill. In Georgia, the then-secretary of State and municipal fees. It is like a In 2016, that first election after the State, Brian Kemp, who was himself poll tax placed on college students. So Voting Rights Act was torn down by running for Governor, attempted to there we have this 21st century poll tax the Supreme Court, we saw 900 fewer block 53,000 Georgians from voting—70 coming back aimed at college students. polling places open to voters than in percent of whom were African-Amer- Why are all these voting suppression 2014—2 years earlier. Most of that ican voters—because of minor dif- strategies aimed at poor communities, change was in the States that pre- ferences in the wording of the way they aimed at communities of color, Afri- viously were under the regulation, the filled out their registration form. If the can-American communities and His- oversight of the Voting Rights Act. We name wasn’t exactly identical or had panic communities? Why are they saw that in Texas, Arizona, Louisiana, some other slight variation, he was sit- aimed at college students? They are Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, ting on those voting registration aimed at these three populations be- and North Carolina. When you reduce cards—the ‘‘identical name’’ gambit cause those three populations vote pri- the number of polling places in poor from Georgia. marily on the Democratic side of the communities and communities of In Ohio, a county elections board ballot. It is wrong for any official in color, you create long wait lines, and proceeded on the orders of Secretary of this country to simply target voters of you deny the vote.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.070 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7503 Nearly 17,000 Wisconsinites—dis- woman’s right to vote, and all the way Brig. Gen. Mary K. Leahy proportionately minorities—were kept up to the civil rights marches of the Brig. Gen. Gabriel Troiano from the polls because of Wisconsin’s 1960s and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, Brig. Gen. Jonathan Woodson voter ID law. The State saw its lowest America’s story has been of expanding To be brigadier general turnout in two decades. This law had opportunity for every American to Col. Tina B. Boyd nothing to do with security. It had ev- have a say in the direction of our gov- Col. Brian T. Cashman Col. Walter M. Duzzny erything to do with voter suppression ernment. Col. Eric Folkestad because it is a known fact that resi- But we are far from ensuring that Col. Ernest Litynski dents in low-income and minority com- today every American has that oppor- Col. Nelson G. Rosen munities are less likely to be able to tunity because the strategies of voter The following named Army National Guard access the IDs that are required for suppression are rampant, they are ex- of the United States officer for appointment polls. This is keenly targeted. tensive, and they are targeted. Voter in the Reserve of the Army to the grade indi- In fact, after North Carolina’s voter suppression and voter intimidation cated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 ID law was struck down in 2016, the must end, and we need to ensure that and 12211: Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals deci- every American has the unfettered To be major general sion noted that it targeted African right to have a voice in their govern- Brig. Gen. Laura L. Yeager Americans with ‘‘almost surgical preci- ment, that every American has the un- IN THE NAVY sion.’’ The State resorted that year— fettered right to cast a ballot during The following named officer for appoint- after it was struck down—to elimi- the election. ment in the United States Navy to the grade nating early voting days, severely cur- President Reagan had it right back indicated while assigned to a position of im- portance and responsibility under title 10, tailing the number of polling places, in 1981. He supported the expansion of U.S.C., section 601: and affecting their hours of operation the Voting Rights Act. He said: ‘‘For To be vice admiral in communities of color. this Nation to remain true to its prin- Vice Adm. Michael M. Gilday By the way, the lead plaintiff in the ciples, we cannot allow any American’s IN THE AIR FORCE case that challenged the voting sup- vote to be denied, diluted or defiled.’’ pression strategy of the voter ID law The following named Air National Guard of Let’s make it so. the United States officers for appointment in passed away this weekend at age 97. Thank you, Mr. President. the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- Ms. Rosanell Eaton was once described (Mr. GARDNER assumed the Chair.) dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 by President Obama as a beacon of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. and 12212: civil rights. She was a life-long devotee SCOTT). The Senator from Colorado. To be major general of and advocate for voting rights. Now, f Brigadier General Jeffrey W. Burkett that is a patriot. Brigadier General Jessica Meyeraan It is because of unsung heroes like EXECUTIVE SESSION Brigadier General Russ A. Walz her that our Nation has come far and The following named Air National Guard of the United States officers for appointment in why we must continue pushing our- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR selves forward to ensure justice and the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- equality for all. Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 In a ‘‘we the people’’ nation, can any unanimous consent that the Senate and 12212: of these efforts to suppress the vote be proceed to executive session for the To be brigadier general allowed to continue? The answer is consideration of Calendar Nos. 1154 Colonel James R. Camp no—not if we want the vision of gov- through 1169 and all nominations Colonel Wesley J. Clare placed on the Secretary’s desk in the Colonel James T. Demarest ernment of, by, and for the people. How Colonel John M. Green can any of us sit by and allow citizens Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Colonel Peter T. Green, III of this country—citizens like Rosanell Navy; that the nominations be con- Colonel Robert C. Korte Eaton—to be systematically denied the firmed; that the motions to reconsider Colonel Darrin P. Leleux most fundamental right? be considered made and laid upon the Colonel Mark A. Maldonado We have to work together—Demo- table with no intervening action or de- Colonel James P. Marren crats and Republicans—to honor and to bate; that no further motions be in Colonel John R. Mulvey strengthen the vision of the ability to order; that any statements related to Colonel John F. O’Connell the nominations be printed in the Colonel Matthew J. Peterson vote. We need a fierce and formidable Colonel Robert A. Schulte voting rights bill for the 21st century, Record; that the President be imme- Colonel James G. Silvasy ensuring in every way possible that diately notified of the Senate’s action, The following named Air National Guard of every single American can exercise his and the Senate then resume legislative the United States officers for appointment in or her right to vote freely and fairly. session. the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- We need a voting rights bill that bans The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 the type of shenanigans and the types objection, it is so ordered. and 12212: of deceptive strategies that target poor IN THE AIR FORCE To be brigadier general communities, communities of color, The following named officer for appoint- Colonel Darrin K. Anderson and college students that I talked ment in the United States Air Force to the Colonel Mark D. Auer about today. grade indicated while assigned to a position Colonel Buel J. Dickson But we also need a voting rights bill of importance and responsibility under title Colonel Kenneth S. Eaves 10, U.S.C., section 601: Colonel Steven S. Lambrecht that requires preapproval for changes Colonel Toni M. Lord To be lieutenant general to voting procedures to make sure that Colonel Glen A. Martel they are not being changed in order to Lt. Gen. John N. T. Shanahan Colonel David W. May take away the ability to vote and to The following named officer for appoint- Colonel Gary A. McCue make it more difficult for some com- ment in the United States Air Force to the Colonel Thomas H. Mora munities than for other communities grade indicated while assigned to a position Colonel John W. Pogorek within a State. We need a voting rights of importance and responsibility under title The following named Air National Guard of commission with the power to ban new 10, U.S.C., section 601: the United States officer for appointment in voter suppression practices as they To be lieutenant general the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- Maj. Gen. Kevin B. Schneider dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 evolve because, surely, people will try and 12212: IN THE ARMY new strategies from people who do not To be brigadier general believe in the vision of our Constitu- The following named officers for appoint- Col. Thomas A. Dukes, Jr. tion. ment in the Reserve of the Army to the From the 15th amendment of 1870, grades indicated under title 10, U.S.C., sec- The following named Air National Guard of tion 12203: the United States officer for appointment in which recognized African-Americans’ the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- right to vote, to the 19th amendment of To be major general dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 1920, 50 years later, which recognized a Brig. Gen. Stephen J. Hager and 12212:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 07:17 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.072 S12DEPT1 S7504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 To be brigadier general and ending MICHAEL D. ZIMMER, which and appeared in the Congressional Record of Col. Christopher L. Montanaro nominations were received by the Senate and November 13, 2018. appeared in the Congressional Record of No- PN2615 ARMY nomination of Heins V. The following named officers for appoint- vember 13, 2018. Recheungel, which was received by the Sen- ment in the Reserve of the Air Force to the PN2611 AIR FORCE nominations (1268) be- ate and appeared in the Congressional grade indicated under title 10, U.S.C., section ginning CHRISTOPHER GENE ADAMS, and Record of November 13, 2018. 12203: ending BENJAMIN PAUL ZUNIGA, which PN2616 ARMY nomination of John R. To be major general nominations were received by the Senate and Schwab, which was received by the Senate Brigadier General Vito E. Addabbo appeared in the Congressional Record of No- and appeared in the Congressional Record of Brigadier General Maureen G. Banavige vember 13, 2018. November 13, 2018. Brigadier General Brian K. Borgen PN2627 AIR FORCE nominations (2) begin- PN2617 ARMY nomination of Amanda L. Brigadier General John P. Healy ning STEVEN D. SIKORA, and ending Anita Silvers, which was received by the Senate Brigadier General John A. Hickok Sargent, which nominations were received and appeared in the Congressional Record of Brigadier General Jay D. Jensen by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- November 13, 2018. Brigadier General Linda M. Marsh sional Record of November 14, 2018. PN2618 ARMY nomination of Ricky L. Brigadier General Todd J. McCubbin PN2654 AIR FORCE nomination of Luke M. Warren, Jr., which was received by the Sen- Brigadier General Tyler D. Otten Sauter, which was received by the Senate ate and appeared in the Congressional Brigadier General Boyd C. L. Parker, IV and appeared in the Congressional Record of Record of November 13, 2018. The following named officers for appoint- November 26, 2018. PN2619 ARMY nomination of Eric R. PN2655 AIR FORCE nomination of Tasha ment in the Reserve of the Air Force to the Swenson, which was received by the Senate L. Pravecek, which was received by the Sen- grade indicated under title 10, U.S.C., section and appeared in the Congressional Record of ate and appeared in the Congressional 12203: November 13, 2018. Record of November 26, 2018. PN2620 ARMY nominations (17) beginning To be brigadier general PN2656 AIR FORCE nomination of Brian J. ANTHONY C. ADOLPH, and ending KAY K. Colonel Elizabeth E. Arledge Neff, which was received by the Senate and WAKATAKE, which nominations were re- Colonel Matthew J. Burger appeared in the Congressional Record of No- ceived by the Senate and appeared in the Colonel Kenneth R. Council, Jr. vember 26, 2018. Congressional Record of November 13, 2018. Colonel Derin S. Durham PN2657 AIR FORCE nomination of Cory A. PN2628 ARMY nominations (10) beginning Colonel Paul R. Fast Cooper, which was received by the Senate SCOTT S. BRENNEMAN, and ending KEVIN Colonel Christopher A. Freeman and appeared in the Congressional Record of V. THOMPSON, which nominations were re- Colonel Constance L. Jenkins November 26, 2018. ceived by the Senate and appeared in the Colonel Paul E. Knapp PN2658 AIR FORCE nomination of Joel A. Congressional Record of November 14, 2018. Colonel Douglas S. Martin Sloan, which was received by the Senate and PN2629 ARMY nomination of Richard S. Colonel Jody A. Merritt appeared in the Congressional Record of No- Taylor, which was received by the Senate Colonel John M. Olson vember 26, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of Colonel Stacey L. Scarisbrick PN2659 AIR FORCE nominations (3) begin- November 14, 2018. Colonel David W. Smith ning JAMIE J. JOHNSON, and ending PN2630 ARMY nominations (10) beginning Colonel Roger P. Suro RENEE M. SUMMERS, which nominations JASON A. FERGUSON, and ending SAMUEL were received by the Senate and appeared in The following named officer for appoint- M. SIEGAL, which nominations were re- the Congressional Record of November 26, ment in the Reserve of the Air Force to the ceived by the Senate and appeared in the 2018. grade indicated while assigned to a position Congressional Record of November 14, 2018. PN2660 AIR FORCE nomination of Tim- of importance and responsibility under title PN2631 ARMY nomination of Daniel S. othy B. Murphy, which was received by the 10, U.S.C., section 601: Marshall, which was received by the Senate Senate and appeared in the Congressional and appeared in the Congressional Record of To be lieutenant general Record of November 26, 2018. November 14, 2018. Maj. Gen. Sami D. Said PN2661 AIR FORCE nomination of Andrew PN2632 ARMY nomination of Christopher The following named officer for appoint- M. Deramus, which was received by the Sen- G. Neeley, which was received by the Senate ment in the United States Air Force to the ate and appeared in the Congressional and appeared in the Congressional Record of grade indicated while assigned to a position Record of November 26, 2018. November 14, 2018. PN2662 AIR FORCE nomination of Brianne of importance and responsibility under title PN2633 ARMY nominations (2) beginning D. Newman, which was received by the Sen- 10, U.S.C., section 601 and for appointment as SAMUEL J. HIBRONPADILLA, and ending ate and appeared in the Congressional a Senior Member of the Military Staff Com- SCOTT D. INGALSBE, which nominations Record of November 26, 2018. mittee of the United Nations under title 10, were received by the Senate and appeared in PN2683 AIR FORCE nominations (76) begin- U.S.C., section 711: the Congressional Record of November 14, ning MOHAN S. AKELLA, and ending WIL- 2018. To be lieutenant general LIAM E. ZUTELL, III, which nominations PN2634 ARMY nomination of Kindra C. Maj. Gen. David W. Allvin were received by the Senate and appeared in New, which was received by the Senate and the Congressional Record of November 29, IN THE NAVY appeared in the Congressional Record of No- 2018. vember 14, 2018. The following named officer for appoint- PN2684 AIR FORCE nominations (2) begin- PN2635 ARMY nominations (100) beginning ment to the grade indicated while serving as ning Jennifer L. Gurganus, and ending April SANDRA L. AHINGA, and ending D014887, Chief of Chaplains of the Navy under title 10, H. Clemmensen, which nominations were re- which nominations were received by the Sen- U.S.C., section 5142: ceived by the Senate and appeared in the ate and appeared in the Congressional To be rear admiral Congressional Record of November 29, 2018. Record of November 14, 2018. Rear Adm. (lh) Brent W. Scott IN THE ARMY PN2636 ARMY nomination of Rhonda C. IN THE AIR FORCE PN2566 ARMY nomination of Harold E. Pugh, which was received by the Senate and Turks, which was received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of No- The following named officers for appoint- appeared in the Congressional Record of Oc- vember 14, 2018. ment in the Reserve of the Air Force to the tober 5, 2018. PN2663 ARMY nomination of Jeremy W. grade indicated under title 10, U.S.C., section PN2567 ARMY nominations (4) beginning Lewis, which was received by the Senate and 12203: BENJAMIN M. LIPARI, and ending GREG- appeared in the Congressional Record of No- To be brigadier general ORY S. SOULE, which nominations were re- vember 26, 2018. Col. John J. Bartrum ceived by the Senate and appeared in the PN2664 ARMY nomination of David R. Dinklocker, which was received by the Sen- NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE SECRETARY’S Congressional Record of October 5, 2018. ate and appeared in the Congressional DESK PN2568 ARMY nomination of Jennifer L. Wright, which was received by the Senate Record of November 26, 2018. IN THE AIR FORCE and appeared in the Congressional Record of PN2665 ARMY nomination of Loren C. PN2155 AIR FORCE nominations (19) begin- October 5, 2018. Duwel, which was received by the Senate and ning LISA M. BADER, and ending ILAINA PN2569 ARMY nomination of Christiaan D. appeared in the Congressional Record of No- M. WINGLER, which nominations were re- Taylor, which was received by the Senate vember 26, 2018. ceived by the Senate and appeared in the and appeared in the Congressional Record of PN2666 ARMY nomination of Renerose V. Congressional Record of June 18, 2018. October 5, 2018. Hinkle, which was received by the Senate PN2565 AIR FORCE nomination of Sung- PN2613 ARMY nomination of Shayne R. and appeared in the Congressional Record of Yul Lee, which was received by the Senate Estes, which was received by the Senate and November 26, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of appeared in the Congressional Record of No- PN2667 ARMY nomination of Sarah L. October 5, 2018. vember 13, 2018. Fortier, which was received by the Senate PN2610 AIR FORCE nominations (38) begin- PN2614 ARMY nomination of Michael W. and appeared in the Congressional Record of ning FRANCISCA A. ALAKA LAMPTON, Keebaugh, which was received by the Senate November 26, 2018.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.038 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7505 PN2668 ARMY nomination of David A. the law. We could not have done this to American diplomacy and global se- Neveau, which was received by the Senate without the essential input from a curity. and appeared in the Congressional Record of number of key law enforcement organi- Senator CORKER does not seek par- November 26, 2018. zations that partnered with us in this tisan advantage, but common ground. PN2669 ARMY nomination of Kyle B. Hurst, which was received by the Senate and endeavor. He has been an extraordinary Senator appeared in the Congressional Record of No- The Fraternal Order of Police, the who always did what he believed was vember 26, 2018. International Association of Chiefs of right. He has contributed greatly to PN2685 ARMY nominations (44) beginning Police, and National Organization of our country and served his State well. RAYMOND R. ADAMS, III, and ending MAT- Black Law Enforcement Executives I commend my colleague, Senator BOB THEW E. WRIGHT, which nominations were played a formative role in the updated CORKER, for his outstanding service, received by the Senate and appeared in the text we released earlier today. Their and I thank him for his commitment, Congressional Record of November 29, 2018. continued leadership and good faith en- integrity, and friendship. PN2686 ARMY nomination of Paul M. Fugere, which was received by the Senate gagement have cut a path forward on a f once-in-a-generation chance to im- and appeared in the Congressional Record of THE STOPPING IMPROPER PAY- prove American justice. I would also November 29, 2018. MENTS TO DECEASED PEOPLE PN2687 ARMY nomination of Clarence K. like to thank the National District At- ACT Graham, which was received by the Senate torneys Association, the Association of and appeared in the Congressional Record of Prosecuting Attorneys, and Law En- Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, the So- November 29, 2018. forcement Leaders to Reduce Crime cial Security Administration needs to PN2688 ARMY nomination of Jackson A. and Incarceration, who gave valuable get out of the death data business. Un- Kurtzman, which was received by the Senate input on this bill. Their engagement of- fortunately, S. 2374, the Stopping Im- and appeared in the Congressional Record of proper Payments to Deceased People November 29, 2018. fered important law enforcement per- PN2689 ARMY nomination of Jeremy T. spective in the initial stages of our Act, moves the issue in the wrong di- Tennent, which was received by the Senate work. rection. Under current law, the Social and appeared in the Congressional Record of While some groups have chosen to Security Administration receives November 29, 2018. stay on the sidelines or even under- death data from the States. SSA shares PN2690 ARMY nomination of Jonathan D. mine our work, these organizations the State data with other Federal ben- Thompson, which was received by the Senate have provided us with critical feedback efit paying agencies. This bill would and appeared in the Congressional Record of needed to refine and strengthen the expand the distribution of the State November 29, 2018. First Step Act. They have helped to ad- data and burden the Social Security IN THE MARINE CORPS vance law enforcement priorities and Administration with responsibilities PN2637 MARINE CORPS nomination of the goals of reform. unrelated to running the Social Secu- James D. Foley, which was received by the With President Trump’s continued rity program. Similar to a musician re- Senate and appeared in the Congressional ceiving compensation each time their Record of November 14, 2018. leadership, the wealth of input from PN2693 MARINE CORPS nominations (2) voices across the political spectrum, song plays on Spotify or Apple Music, beginning ROBERT A. GREEN, JR., and end- and Senator MCCONNELL’s work in the States own the data, want to con- ing JESUS S. MENDEZ, which nominations bringing this up for a vote, I look for- trol the distribution of the data, and were received by the Senate and appeared in ward to getting this bill signed into deserve adequate compensation. Pro- the Congressional Record of November 29, law. ceeds from the use of State death data 2018. f helps maintain State vital records of- IN THE NAVY fices. Because the bill would increase TRIBUTE TO BOB CORKER PN2621 NAVY nominations (45) beginning sharing of personal data by the Federal JOSHUA C. ANDRES, and ending TRAVIS R. Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, In his Government at the expense of States, I VOSLER, which nominations were received two terms in the Senate, BOB CORKER will object to any unanimous consent by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- established a strong reputation as a vi- request to proceed to or pass this bill. sional Record of November 13, 2018. sionary leader who offered innovative, I hope the sponsors of this bill will PN2691 NAVY nomination of Thomas J. commonsense solutions and developed Zerr, which was received by the Senate and work with the Finance Committee on appeared in the Congressional Record of No- an extraordinary expertise in foreign this important issue in the future. vember 29, 2018. policy. He has served the people of Ten- f PN2692 NAVY nomination of Shelton L. nessee and of America with distinction Lyons, II, which was received by the Senate and will always be a good friend. THANKING STAFF and appeared in the Congressional Record of He certainly was well-prepared when Ms. HEITKAMP. Mr. President, be- November 29, 2018. he came to the Senate in 2007. His early fore I depart the Senate, I want to f work on a charitable mission to Haiti again recognize my staff in my Wash- inspired him to serve his home commu- ington, DC, and State offices for their LEGISLATIVE SESSION nity of Chattanooga as an advocate for hard work and service to North Da- the disadvantaged. He built a success- kota, the Senate, and the Nation. ful business, providing jobs and oppor- As I said in my farewell remarks, I MORNING BUSINESSS tunity to others. As mayor of Chat- have the best staff in the Senate, and I Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask tanooga, he led initiatives to improve ask that their names be included in the unanimous consent that the Senate education, reduce crime, grow the RECORD: Tessa Gould, Abbie proceed to legislative session for a pe- economy, and increase accountability McDonough, Connor Joseph, Ian riod of morning business, with Sen- in government. Those experiences and Jannetta, Jesse Overton, Jared Pfliger, ators permitted to speak to up 10 min- accomplishments guided his work in Robert Chester, Beth Nielson, Tracee utes each. the Senate. Sutton, Megan DesCamps, Craig Rad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without As chairman of the Foreign Relations cliffe, Matt Squeri, Libby Marking, objection, it is so ordered. Committee, Senator CORKER has been a Jared Henderson, Ryan Tvedt, Jon f powerful voice for U.S. global leader- Cheatwood, Libby Schneider, Anna ship and diplomacy, a complement to Diederich, Jacob Westlin, James Fein- CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM his visits to more than 70 nations since stein, Kevin George, Alec Buckley, Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, when he took office in 2007. Although he has Guneev Sharma, Santiago Gonzalez, we set out to update and reform our many accomplishments worth men- Jeesue Lee, Virginia Hagerott, Pres- criminal justice system, we sought the tioning, I believe his leadership this cott Robinson, Stacy Austad, Olivia expertise from a broad range of stake- year in enacting the BUILD Act, which Cox, Patrick Brende, Bryce Hample, holders and advocates. Our focus has modernizes American development fi- Eric Bursch, Ashley Poling, Anthony always been to reduce crime and recidi- nance to drive long-term economic Papian, Jared Lennon, Allison Tinsey, vism and improve fairness in a way growth in the developing world, may be Dean Williams, Ross Keys, Jane that promotes safety and respect for among his most lasting contributions Opdahl, Joanne Beckman, Megan

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.040 S12DEPT1 S7506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 Carranza, Shirley Meyer, Aimee Today I celebrate the many contribu- which it requests the concurrence of Kittilson, Aaron Krauter, Chris tions of Lori Gilbert in all of her serv- the Senate: VandeVenter, Gail Hand, Matthew ice. We are fortunate to have had her H.R. 1318. An act to support States in their Leiphon, Renae Aarfor, Justin Hanson, leadership, knowledge, and voice dur- work to save and sustain the health of moth- Amy Long, Megan Edwardson, Raechel ing her service to both Nevada and the ers during pregnancy, childbirth, and in the Heuer, Laura Dronen, Norman Nation as a whole.∑ postpartum period, to eliminate disparities McCloud, and Maggie Laducer. in maternal health outcomes for pregnancy- f related and pregnancy-associated deaths, to f TRIBUTE TO VICTORIA BROOKE identify solutions to improve health care ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS ∑ quality and health outcomes for mothers, Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I and for other purposes. recognize the hard work of my Com- H.R. 1850. An act to designate the facility TRIBUTE TO LORI SUTLIFF merce, Science, and Transportation of the United States Postal Service located ‘‘GILBERT’’ Committee intern Victoria Brooke. at 907 Fourth Avenue in Lake Odessa, Michi- Victoria hails from Waldorf, MD, and is gan, as the ‘‘Donna Sauers Besko Post Of- ∑ Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Mr. President, a recent graduate of Marshall Univer- fice’’. I come forward today to recognize the sity. H.R. 5205. An act to designate the facility service of Lori Sutliff who, after 10 While interning on the Commerce of the United States Postal Service located at 701 6th Street in Hawthorne, Nevada, as years as a member of the board of di- Committee, Victoria worked in the rectors of the Corporation for Public the ‘‘Sergeant Kenneth Eric Bostic Post Of- committee’s front office and assisted fice’’. Broadcasting, will be ending her serv- the Aviation Operations, Safety, and H.R. 5475. An act to designate the facility ice at the end of this year. Security Subcommittee with various of the United States Postal Service located Ms. Sutliff began her career in broad- projects. She is a dedicated worker who at 108 North Macon Street in Bevier, Mis- casting in 1983. Working under the was committed to getting the most out souri, as the ‘‘SO2 Navy SEAL Adam Olin broadcast name ‘‘Lori Gilbert,’’ she has of her internship. I extend my sincere Smith Post Office’’. specialized in providing broadcast news thanks and appreciation to Victoria for H.R. 6059. An act to designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located to rural areas, serving most recently as all of the fine work she did for the the news director for Elko Broad- at 51 Willow Street in Lynn, Massachusetts, Commerce Committee and wish her as the ‘‘Thomas P. Costin, Jr. Post Office casting Company’s KELK-AM and continued success in the years to Building’’. KLKO-FM in the rural community of come.∑ H.R. 6140. An act to require the Secretary Elko, NV. She also hosts a community f of Energy to establish and carry out a pro- news program, Elko Live, which pro- gram to support the availability of HA–LEU vides listeners throughout north- MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE for domestic commercial use, and for other eastern Nevada with news about local, ENROLLED BILL SIGNED purposes. H.R. 6167. An act to designate the facility regional, and national issues. At 12:20 p.m., a message from the In 2008, Ms. Gilbert was appointed to of the United States Postal Service located House of Representatives, delivered by at 5707 South Cass Avenue in Westmont, Illi- the CPB board of directors by Presi- Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- nois, as the ‘‘James William Robinson Jr. dent George W. Bush. President Barack nounced that the Speaker has signed Memorial Post Office Building’’. Obama reappointed her, and she was the following enrolled bill: H.R. 6335. An act to designate the facility confirmed by the Senate in 2013. She S. 245. An act to amend the Indian Tribal of the United States Postal Service located served as board chair from September Energy Development and Self Determination at 322 Main Street in Oakville, Connecticut, 2016 to October 2018 and vice chair from Act of 2005, and for other purposes. as the ‘‘Oakville Veterans Memorial Post Of- September 2014 to September 2016. fice’’. The enrolled bill was subsequently H.R. 6615. An act to reauthorize the Trau- She helped lead the Corporation signed by the President pro tempore matic Brain Injury program. through multiple challenges, such as (Mr. HATCH). H.R. 6930. An act to designate the facility the FCC’s Broadcast Spectrum Auction of the United States Postal Service located and repack process. Lori has also been At 12:43 p.m., a message from the at 10 Miller Street in Plattsburgh, New instrumental in helping develop new House of Representatives, delivered by York, as the ‘‘Ross Bouyea Post Office Build- ways for public media stations to col- Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- ing’’. laborate, and, over the last 5 years, nounced that the House has passed the H.R. 7217. An act to amend title XIX of the CPB has launched 13 new regional jour- following bills, without amendment: Social Security Act to provide States with the option of providing coordinated care for nalism collaborations, creating 90 S. 825. An act to provide for the convey- children with complex medical conditions newsroom positions. ance of certain property to the Southeast through a health home, and for other pur- In addition to this work, Gilbert is Alaska Regional Health Consortium located poses. member of the board of directors of the in Sitka, Alaska, and for other purposes. H.R. 7230. An act to designate the facility Associated Press Television and Radio S. 2465. An act to amend the Public Health of the United States Postal Service located Service Act to reauthorize a sickle cell dis- Association of California and Nevada. at 226 West Main Street in Lake City, South ease prevention and treatment demonstra- Carolina, as the ‘‘Postmaster Frazier B. She serves the rural Nevada commu- tion program and to provide for sickle cell nity as a founding member of the Elko Baker Post Office’’. disease research, surveillance, prevention, H.R. 7243. An act to amend Public Law 115– Cancer Network and the Great Basin and treatment. 217 to change the address of the postal facil- S. 3029. An act to revise and extend the College Health Sciences Advisory ity designated by such Public Law in honor Prematurity Research Expansion and Edu- Board. She has also served on the of Sergeant First Class Alwyn Crendall cation for Mothers who deliver Infants Early boards of the Elko County Family Re- Cashe, and for other purposes. Act (PREEMIE Act). source Center, the Boys and Girls Club S. 3119. An act to allow for the taking of The message further announced that of Elko, and the Elko County Juvenile sea lions on the Columbia River and its trib- the House has passed the following bill, Advisory Board. utaries to protect endangered and threatened with an amendment, in which it re- Through all of this incredible work species of salmon and other nonlisted fish quests the concurrence of the Senate: and service, she has gained an intimate species. S. 943. An act to direct the Secretary of the S. 3209. An act to designate the facility of understanding of the issues of rural Interior to conduct an accurate comprehen- the United States Postal Service located at America and how vital it is for rural sive student count for the purposes of calcu- 413 Washington Avenue in Belleville, New residents to have a trusted source of lating formula allocations for programs Jersey, as the ‘‘Private Henry Svehla Post under the Johnson-O’Malley Act, and for information about their community. Office Building’’. other purposes. Ms. Gilbert speaks in journalism S. 3237. An act to designate the facility of schools across the Nation and has con- the United States Postal Service located at The message also announced that the sistently demonstrated her commit- 120 12th Street Lobby in Columbus, Georgia, House has agreed to the amendment of ment to providing meaningful public as the ‘‘Richard W. Williams, Jr., Chapter of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 1918) to op- media offerings to all Americans, re- the Triple Nickles (555th P.I.A.) Post Office’’. pose loans at international financial gardless of where they live or their eco- The message also announced that the institutions for the Government of nomic means. House has passed the following bills, in Nicaragua unless the Government of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.016 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7507 Nicaragua is taking effective steps to rity to establish a data framework to Terrorism Fellowship Program; to the Com- hold free, fair, and transparent elec- provide access for appropriate per- mittee on Armed Services. tions, and for other purposes. sonnel to law enforcement and other EC–7417. A communication from the Sec- The message further announced that information of the Department, and for retary of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to the export to the the House has agreed to the amend- other purposes. People’s Republic of China of an item not ment of the Senate to the text of the The message further announced that detrimental to the U.S. space launch indus- bill (H.R. 3342) to impose sanctions on pursuant to section 3(b) of the Public try; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, foreign persons that are responsible for Safety Officer Medal of Valor Act of and Urban Affairs. gross violations of internationally rec- 2001 (42 U.S.C. 15202), and the order of EC–7418. A communication from the Pro- ognized human rights by reason of the the House of January 3, 2017, the Mi- gram Specialist of the Legislative and Regu- use by Hizballah of civilians as human nority Leader reappoints the following latory Activities Division, Office of the shields, and for other purposes, and individual on the part of the House of Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, that the House has agreed to the Representatives to the Medal of Valor the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Appraisals for amendment of the Senate to the title Review Board: Mr. Brian Fengel of Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans Exemption of the aforementioned bill. Bartonville, Illinois. Threshold Adjustment’’ (RIN1557–AE53) re- The message also announced that the f ceived in the Office of the President of the House has agreed to the numbered Senate on December 11, 2018; to the Com- amendments 1, 2, and 3 of the Senate to MEASURES REFERRED mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- fairs. the text of the bill (H.R. 4407) to des- The following bill was read the first ignate the facility of the United States EC–7419. A communication from the Acting and the second times by unanimous Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Postal Service located at 3s101 Rock- consent, and referred as indicated: Renewable Energy, Department of Energy, well Street in Warrenville, Illinois, as H.R. 6140. An act to require the Secretary transmitting, pursuant to law, the semi-an- the ‘‘Corporal Jeffery Allen Williams of Energy to establish and carry out a pro- nual Implementation Report on Energy Con- Post Office Building’’, and that the gram to support the availability of HA–LEU servation Standards Activities of the Depart- House has agreed to the amendment of for domestic commercial use, and for other ment of Energy; to the Committee on Energy the Senate to the title of the aforemen- purposes; to the Committee on Energy and and Natural Resources. tioned bill. Natural Resources. EC–7420. A communication from the Assist- ant Secretary for Land and Minerals Man- The message further announced that f pursuant to section 201(b) of the Inter- agement, Department of the Interior, trans- mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to national Religious Freedom Act of 1998 MEASURES PLACED ON THE CALENDAR the Department’s proposal to sell 3,380.69 (22 U.S.C. 6431), and the order of the acres of public land in Maricopa and Pinal House of January 3, 2017, the Speaker The following bill was read the first Counties, Arizona, to the Gila River Indian appoints the following individual on and second times by unanimous con- Community (GRIC), a federally recognized the part of the House of Representa- sent, and placed on the calendar: Indian Tribe; to the Committee on Energy tives to the Commission on Inter- H.R. 6615. An act to reauthorize the Trau- and Natural Resources. national Religious Freedom for a term matic Brain Injury program. EC–7421. A communication from the Dep- ending on May 14, 2020: Ms. Anurima uty Inspector General for Audit Services, De- f partment of Health and Human Services, Bhargava of Chicago, Illinois, to suc- MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME transmitting, pursuant to law, a report enti- ceed Mr. Daniel I. Mark. tled ‘‘Review of Medicare Administrative ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED The following bill was read the first Contractor Information Security Program At 2:23 p.m., a message from the time: Evaluations for Fiscal Year 2017’’; to the House of Representatives, delivered by S. 3747. A bill to provide for programs to Committee on Finance. Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, help reduce the risk that prisoners will EC–7422. A communication from the Chief of the Trade and Commercial Regulations announced that the Speaker has signed recidivate upon release from prison, and for other purposes. Branch, Bureau of Customs and Border Pro- the following enrolled bills: tection, Department of Homeland Security, H.R. 3342. An act to impose sanctions with f transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of respect to foreign persons that are respon- a rule entitled ‘‘Modernized Drawback’’ sible for using civilians as human shields, ENROLLED BILL PRESENTED ((RIN1515–AE23) (CBP Dec. 18–15)) received and for other purposes. The Secretary of the Senate reported during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- H.R. 4111. An act to amend the Small Busi- that on today, December 12, 2018, she fice of the President of the Senate on Decem- ness Investment Act of 1958 to improve the had presented to the President of the ber 7, 2018; to the Committee on Finance. number of small business investment compa- United States the following enrolled EC–7423. A communication from the Cor- nies in underlicensed States, and for other respondence Specialist, Centers for Medicare purposes. bill: and Medicaid Services, Department of H.R. 4407. An act to designate the facility S. 245. An act to amend the Indian Tribal Health and Human Services, transmitting, of the United States Postal Service located Energy Development and Self Determination pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled at 3s101 Rockwell Street in Warrenville, Illi- Act of 2005, and for other purposes. ‘‘Patient Protection and Affordable Care nois, as the ‘‘Corporal Jeffrey Allen Williams f Act; Adoption of the Methodology for the Post Office Building’’. HHS-operated Permanent Risk Adjustment The enrolled bills were subsequently EXECUTIVE AND OTHER Program for the 2018 Benefit Year Final signed by the President pro tempore COMMUNICATIONS Rule’’ ((RIN0938–AT66) (CMS–9919-F)) re- ceived in the Office of the President of the (Mr. HATCH). The following communications were Senate on December 10, 2018; to the Com- laid before the Senate, together with mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and At 6:16 p.m., a message from the accompanying papers, reports, and doc- House of Representatives, delivered by Pensions. uments, and were referred as indicated: EC–7424. A communication from the Direc- Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, tor of the Peace Corps, transmitting, pursu- announced that the House has agreed EC–7415. A communication from the Regu- lations Team Lead, Rural Utilities Service, ant to law, the Corps’ Agency Financial Re- to the report of the committee of con- Department of Agriculture, transmitting, port for fiscal year 2018; to the Committee on ference on the disagreeing votes of the pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Homeland Security and Governmental Af- two Houses on the amendment of the ‘‘Rural Development Environmental Regula- fairs. Senate to the bill (H.R. 2) to provide tion for Rural Infrastructure Projects’’ f for the reform and continuation of ag- (RIN0572–AC44) received in the Office of the ricultural and other programs of the President of the Senate on December 5, 2018; PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Department of Agriculture through fis- to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, The following petitions and memo- cal year 2023, and for other purposes. and Forestry. rials were laid before the Senate and EC–7416. A communication from the Assist- The message also announced that the ant Secretary of Defense (Special Oper- were referred or ordered to lie on the House has agreed to the amendment of ations/Low-Intensity Conflict), transmitting, table as indicated: the Senate to the bill (H.R. 2454) to di- pursuant to law, the fiscal year 2018 annual POM–313. A joint resolution adopted by the rect the Secretary of Homeland Secu- report on the Regional Defense Combating Legislature of the State of Alaska urging the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 07:17 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.033 S12DEPT1 S7508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 United States Congress to adopt spill preven- Resources; the Honorable Dan Sullivan, U.S. House of Representatives; the Honorable tion measures into international agree- Senator, and the Honorable Don Young, U.S. Nancy Pelosi, Minority Leader of the U.S. ments; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- Representative, members of the Alaska dele- House of Representatives; the Honorable tions. gation in Congress; and all other members of Mitch McConnell, Majority Leader of the HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 19 the 115th United States Congress. U.S. Senate; the Honorable Charles E. Schu- mer, Minority Leader of the U.S. Senate; the Whereas the Arctic Waterways Safety POM–314. A joint resolution adopted by the Honorable Lisa Murkowski, Chair of the U.S. Committee has been formed by marine mam- Legislature of the State of Alaska urging the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural mal hunting groups, Arctic municipalities, United States Congress to adopt spill preven- Resources; the Honorable Dan Sullivan, U.S. and Arctic marine ship operators to identify tion measures into international agree- Senator, and the Honorable Don Young, U.S. and promote safe and environmentally re- ments; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- Representative, members of the Alaska dele- sponsible shipping operations in the Arctic; tions. gation in Congress; and all other members of and the 115th United States Congress. Whereas, because of the lack of spill re- HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 19 sponse capacity in the Arctic, the United Whereas the Arctic Waterways Safety POM–315. A joint resolution adopted by the States Coast Guard has authorized vessels to Committee has been formed by marine mam- Legislature of the State of Alaska urging the adopt spill prevention measures in lieu of mal hunting groups, Arctic municipalities, United States Congress to enact legislation meeting the response standard; and and Arctic marine ship operators to identify that requires prominently labeling geneti- Whereas, even under the best cir- and promote safe and environmentally re- cally engineered salmon and salmon prod- cumstances, only 20 percent of spilled oil is sponsible shipping operations in the Arctic; ucts with the words ‘‘Genetically Modified’’ recovered, indicating the importance of spill and on the product’s packaging; to the Com- prevention measures; and Whereas, because of the lack of spill re- mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and Whereas prevention measures include ac- sponse capacity in the Arctic, the United Pensions. tive vessel tracking and monitoring, pre- States Coast Guard has authorized vessels to HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 12 scribed routing measures, immediate notifi- adopt spill prevention measures in lieu of Whereas, on November 19, 2015, the United cation of a loss of vessel power or steering, meeting the response standard; and States Food and Drug Administration ap- identification of vessels nearby with an op- Whereas, even under the best cir- proved AquaBounty AquAdvantage geneti- portunity to respond, identification of ports cumstances, only 20 percent of spilled oil is cally engineered salmon as safe for human of refuge, prepositioning towing packages recovered, indicating the importance of spill consumption; and and ship arrestors, and dynamic protection prevention measures; and Whereas the approval is the first time in of local marine mammal resources; and Whereas prevention measures include ac- history that the United States Food and Whereas prevention measures apply only tive vessel tracking and monitoring, pre- Drug Administration has approved a geneti- to vessels calling on a port in the United scribed routing measures, immediate notifi- cally engineered animal for human consump- States; and cation of a loss of vessel power or steering, tion; and Whereas vessels not calling on a port in identification of vessels nearby with an op- Whereas a large majority of state residents the United States are considered in innocent portunity to respond, identification of ports oppose the approval of genetically engi- passage and not subject to prevention meas- of refuge, prepositioning towing packages neered salmon by the United States Food ures; and and ship arrestors, and dynamic protection and Drug Administration; and Whereas the United States has not ratified of local marine mammal resources; and Whereas more than 2,000,000 Americans op- the Law of the Sea treaty and accordingly Whereas prevention measures apply only posed the United States Food and Drug Ad- may not use Article 234, which authorizes to vessels calling on a port in the United ministration’s approval of genetically engi- coastal states with ‘‘ice-covered areas’’ to re- States; and neered salmon in the largest number of com- quire special protection measures; and Whereas vessels not calling on a port in ments the United States Food and Drug Ad- Whereas universal adherence to marine the United States are considered in innocent ministration has ever received on an action; protection measures in the Arctic may also passage and not subject to prevention meas- and occur through international bilateral agree- ures; and Whereas more than 65 retailers, including ments or by the adoption of measures in the Whereas the United States has not ratified Costco, Safeway, and Target, have an- Polar Code of the International Maritime Or- the Law of the Sea treaty and accordingly nounced that they have no plans to sell ge- ganization: be it may not use Article 234, which authorizes netically modified salmon; and Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- coastal states with ‘‘ice-covered areas’’ to re- Whereas more than 40 members of the ture commends the formation of the Arctic quire special protection measures; and United States Congress have expressed oppo- Waterways Safety Committee and appre- Whereas universal adherence to marine sition to the approval of AquaBounty ciates its leadership in establishing safe protection measures in the Arctic may also AquAdvantage genetically engineered salm- shipping practices in state water; and be it occur through international bilateral agree- on; and Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- ments or by the adoption of measures in the Whereas the state has bountiful fisheries ture supports the adoption of prevention Polar Code of the International Maritime Or- that provide wild, natural, and sustainable measures into international agreements to ganization: be it seafood; and ensure clear, universal, and enforceable ma- Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- Whereas the accidental release of transgenic fish into the wild could devastate rine safety measures in the Arctic; and be it ture commends the formation of the Arctic native fish populations and ecosystems; and Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- Waterways Safety Committee and appre- Whereas a May 2013 McGill University re- ture urges the governor and the state’s Con- ciates its leadership in establishing safe search report detailed findings dem- gressional delegation to promote the adop- shipping practices in state water; and be it onstrating interbreeding between genetically tion of spill prevention measures into inter- Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- modified salmon and brown trout could national agreements with member organiza- ture supports the adoption of prevention occur, suggesting that the potential for simi- tions, including the Northern Forum; and be measures into international agreements to lar hybridization between other closely re- it ensure clear, universal, and enforceable ma- lated species could pose risks for wild popu- Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- rine safety measures in the Arctic; and be it lations, including wild salmon; and ture urges the President of the United States Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- Whereas the research demonstrated that and the United States Department of State ture urges the governor and the state’s Con- transgenic hybrid salmon can outcompete to initiate negotiations with Alaska’s coast- gressional delegation to promote the adop- with both wild salmon and genetically modi- al neighbors to enter into international tion of spill prevention measures into inter- fied salmon, making hybridization relevant agreements to ensure safe and environ- national agreements with member organiza- to risk assessments; and mentally responsible marine operations in tions, including the Northern Forum; and be Whereas, each year, thousands of salmon the Arctic. it escape from open water net pens into the Pa- Copies of this resolution shall be sent to Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- cific and Atlantic Oceans, demonstrating the Honorable Donald J. Trump, President of ture urges the President of the United States that escapement is a serious threat to wild the United States; the Honorable Michael R. and the United States Department of State fish populations; and Pence, Vice President of the United States to initiate negotiations with Alaska’s coast- Whereas the AquaBounty facility on and President of the U.S. Senate; the Honor- al neighbors to enter into international Prince Edward Island is producing geneti- able Paul D. Ryan, Speaker of the U.S. agreements to ensure safe and environ- cally engineered fish eggs and sits adjacent House of Representatives; the Honorable mentally responsible marine operations in to a water body that is directly connected to Nancy Pelosi, Minority Leader of the U.S. the Arctic. the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the Atlantic House of Representatives; the Honorable Copies of this resolution shall be sent to Ocean; and Mitch McConnell, Majority Leader of the the Honorable Donald J. Trump, President of Whereas the proximity of the AquaBounty U.S. Senate; the Honorable Charles E. Schu- the United States; the Honorable Michael R. facility to the Saint Lawrence Seaway and mer, Minority Leader of the U.S. Senate; the Pence, Vice President of the United States the Atlantic Ocean puts wild Atlantic salm- Honorable Lisa Murkowski, Chair of the U.S. and President of the U.S. Senate; the Honor- on, which are listed under the Endangered Senate Committee on Energy and. Natural able Paul D. Ryan, Speaker of the U.S. Species Act, at risk; and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 07:17 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.037 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7509 Whereas the long-term human health ef- sale, use, and possession of ivory; and be it Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and fects of consuming genetically engineered further Pensions. salmon are unknown; Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- By Mr. TOOMEY (for himself, Mr. Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- ture requests that the United States Con- CRAPO, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. COTTON, Mr. ture opposes the United States Food and gress pass legislation providing for the ex- CRUZ, and Mrs. ERNST): Drug Administration’s approval of emption of legally acquired walrus, mam- S. 3746. A bill to curtail the use of changes AquaBounty AquAdvantage genetically engi- moth, and mastodon ivory from current and in mandatory programs affecting the Crime neered salmon; and be it further future laws that ban the sale, use, and pos- Victims Fund to inflate spending; to the Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- session of ivory. Committee on the Budget. ture urges the United States Congress to Copies of this resolution shall be sent to By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and enact legislation that requires prominently the Honorable Donald J. Trump, President of Mr. DURBIN): labeling genetically engineered salmon or the United States; the Honorable Michael R. S. 3747. A bill to provide for programs to salmon products, including AquaBounty Pence, Vice President of the United States help reduce the risk that prisoners will AquAdvantage genetically engineered salm- and President of the U.S. Senate; the Honor- recidivate upon release from prison, and for on, with the words ‘‘Genetically Modified’’ able Paul D. Ryan, Speaker of the U.S. other purposes; read the first time. on the product’s packaging, as required by House of Representatives; the Honorable By Mr. BLUNT (for himself and Ms. state law. Nancy Pelosi, Minority Leader of the U.S. KLOBUCHAR): Copies of this resolution shall be sent to House of Representatives; the Honorable S. 3748. A bill to amend the removal and the Honorable Donald J. Trump, President of Mitch McConnell, Majority Leader of the transfer procedures for the Inspectors Gen- the United States; the Honorable Michael R. U.S. Senate; the Honorable Charles E. Schu- eral of the Library of Congress, the Office of Pence, Vice President of the United States mer, Minority Leader of the U.S. Senate; and the Architect of the Capitol, and the Govern- and President of the U.S. Senate; the Honor- the Honorable Lisa Murkowski and the Hon- ment Publishing Office; considered and able Sonny Perdue, United States Secretary orable Dan Sullivan, U.S. Senators, and the passed. of Agriculture; the Honorable Scott Gottlieb, Honorable Don Young, U.S. Representative, M.D., United States Commissioner of Food members of the Alaska delegation in Con- f and Drugs; and the Honorable Lisa Mur- gress. ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS kowski and the Honorable Dan Sullivan, U.S. f Senators, and the Honorable Don Young, S. 352 U.S. Representative, members of the Alaska REPORTS OF COMMITTEES At the request of Mr. CORKER, the delegation in Congress. The following reports of committees names of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. CORTEZ MASTO) and the Senator from POM–316. A joint resolution adopted by the were submitted: Legislature of the State of Alaska urging the By Mr. GRASSLEY, from the Committee Illinois (Ms. DUCKWORTH) were added as United States Congress to pass legislation on the Judiciary: cosponsors of S. 352, a bill to award a providing for the exemption of legally ac- Report to accompany S. 2961, A bill to re- Congressional Gold Medal to Master quired walrus, mammoth, and mastodon authorize subtitle A of the Victims of Child Sergeant Rodrick ‘‘Roddie’’ Edmonds ivory from laws that ban the sale, use, and Abuse Act of 1990 (Rept. No. 115–432). in recognition of his heroic actions possession of ivory; to the Committee on f during World War II. Commerce, Science, and Transportation. S. 821 SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 4 INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS At the request of Mr. RUBIO, the Whereas the Marine Mammal Protection name of the Senator from New Jersey Act (16 U.S.C. 1361–1423h) explicitly protects The following bills and joint resolu- (Mr. BOOKER) was added as a cosponsor the right of coastal Alaska Natives to har- tions were introduced, read the first of S. 821, a bill to promote access for vest walrus and use the walrus byproducts in and second times by unanimous con- handicrafts for sale in the United States; and United States officials, journalists, and Whereas the use by Alaska Natives of le- sent, and referred as indicated: other citizens to Tibetan areas of the gally acquired walrus, mammoth, and mas- By Mr. CASEY: People’s Republic of China, and for todon ivory to create tools, handicrafts, jew- S. 3741. A bill to prohibit the Social Secu- other purposes. elry, and artwork is a longstanding tradition rity Administration from reinstating the re- S. 1101 that is a vital component of current Alaska consideration level of appeal for disability Native culture; and determinations in the 10 prototype States, At the request of Mr. CASEY, the Whereas non-Native individuals in the and for other purposes; to the Committee on names of the Senator from New York state use legally acquired fossilized ivory to Finance. (Mrs. GILLIBRAND), the Senator from make handicrafts, jewelry, and artwork; and By Ms. SMITH (for herself, Mr. MORAN, Wisconsin (Ms. BALDWIN), the Senator Whereas the sale of walrus, mammoth, and Mr. MURPHY, and Mr. WICKER): from Minnesota (Ms. SMITH), the Sen- mastodon ivory tools, handicrafts, jewelry, S. 3742. A bill to amend the Public Health ator from Virginia (Mr. KAINE), the and artwork by Alaska artists is an impor- Service Act to require group and individual Senator from Ohio (Mr. BROWN), the tant source of income in the cash-limited health insurance coverage and group health economy of rural Alaska; and plans to provide for cost sharing for oral Senator from Illinois (Mr. DURBIN), the Whereas, in the effort to stop the poaching anticancer drugs on terms no less favorable Senator from Michigan (Ms. STABE- of African elephants, certain states in the than the cost sharing provided for anticancer NOW), the Senator from Maryland (Mr. United States have passed laws banning the medications administered by a health care CARDIN), the Senator from Vermont sale, use, and possession of all ivory, and provider; to the Committee on Health, Edu- (Mr. SANDERS) and the Senator from other states are considering enacting those cation, Labor, and Pensions. Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) were laws; and By Ms. HARRIS: added as cosponsors of S. 1101, a bill to Whereas the laws banning the sale, use, S. 3743. A bill to amend title 18, United eliminate discrimination and promote and possession of ivory in certain states of States Code, to make certain changes with the United States do not distinguish between respect to bringing a civil action for the mis- women’s health and economic security African elephant ivory and the legally ac- appropriation of a trade secret, and for other by ensuring reasonable workplace ac- quired walrus, mammoth, and mastodon purposes; to the Committee on the Judici- commodations for workers whose abil- ivory used by Alaska artists; and ary. ity to perform the functions of a job Whereas the laws banning the sale, use, By Mr. SCHATZ (for himself, Ms. HAS- are limited by pregnancy, childbirth, and possession of ivory may subject resi- SAN, Mr. BENNET, Ms. DUCKWORTH, or a related medical condition. dents of certain states to criminal charges Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. S. 1303 for buying, owning, or bringing home legally BOOKER, Ms. CORTEZ MASTO, Mr. acquired walrus, mammoth, and mastodon HEINRICH, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. BROWN, At the request of Mrs. GILLIBRAND, ivory items from Alaska; and Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. JONES, Mr. the name of the Senator from New Jer- Whereas the laws banning the sale, use, MANCHIN, and Mr. DURBIN): sey (Mr. MENENDEZ) was added as a co- and possession of ivory in certain states ad- S. 3744. A bill to establish duties for online sponsor of S. 1303, a bill to prohibit dis- versely affect those Alaska artists who de- service providers with respect to end user crimination in adoption or foster care pend on the sale of ivory handicrafts to ob- data that such providers collect and use; to placements based on the sexual ori- tain the cash necessary to live in cash-lim- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and entation, gender identity, or marital ited local economies; Be it Transportation. Resolved, That the Alaska State Legisla- By Mr. JONES (for himself, Mrs. GILLI- status of any prospective adoptive or ture opposes the inclusion of legally ac- BRAND, and Ms. HASSAN): foster parent, or the sexual orientation quired walrus, mammoth, and mastodon S. 3745. A bill to improve the financial lit- or gender identity of the child in- ivory in current and future laws that ban the eracy of secondary school students; to the volved.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 07:17 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.044 S12DEPT1 S7510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 S. 1730 prisoners will recidivate upon release cept for removal or transfer) that is other- At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the from prison, and for other purposes. wise authorized by law.’’. (b) OFFICE OF THE ARCHITECT OF THE CAP- name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. S. 3688 ITOL.—Paragraph (2) of section 1301(c) of the BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. At the request of Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Architect of the Capitol Inspector General 1730, a bill to implement policies to end the names of the Senator from Act of 2007 (2 U.S.C. 1808(c)) is amended to preventable maternal, newborn, and Vermont (Mr. SANDERS) and the Sen- read as follows: child deaths globally. ator from Massachusetts (Mr. MARKEY) ‘‘(2) REMOVAL OR TRANSFER.— S. 2018 were added as cosponsors of S. 3688, a ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Inspector General At the request of Mr. BENNET, the bill to amend title 18, United States may be removed from office, or transferred name of the Senator from New York Code, to make it a criminal offense for to another position within, or another loca- individuals to engage in sexual acts tion of, the Office of the Architect of the (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- Capitol, by the Architect of the Capitol. while acting under color of law or with sponsor of S. 2018, a bill to amend the ‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 30 days before Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to make individuals in their custody, to encour- the Architect of the Capitol removes or the child tax credit fully refundable, age States to adopt similar laws, and transfers the Inspector General under sub- establish an increased child tax credit for other purposes. paragraph (A), the Architect of the Capitol for young children, and for other pur- S. 3702 shall communicate in writing the reason for poses. At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the the removal or transfer to— name of the Senator from Pennsyl- ‘‘(i) the Committee on House Administra- S. 2076 tion and the Committee on Appropriations of vania (Mr. CASEY) was added as a co- At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the the House of Representatives; and name of the Senator from Washington sponsor of S. 3702, a bill to amend title ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- (Ms. CANTWELL) was added as a cospon- XIX of the Social Security Act to pre- tration and the Committee on Appropria- sor of S. 2076, a bill to amend the Pub- vent the misclassification of drugs for tions of the Senate. lic Health Service Act to authorize the purposes of the Medicaid drug rebate ‘‘(C) APPLICABILITY.—Nothing in this para- expansion of activities related to Alz- program. graph shall prohibit a personnel action (ex- S. 3713 cept for removal or transfer) that is other- heimer’s disease, cognitive decline, and wise authorized by law.’’. At the request of Mr. INHOFE, the brain health under the Alzheimer’s Dis- (c) GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE.—Sec- ease and Healthy Aging Program, and name of the Senator from Louisiana tion 3902(b) of title 44, United States Code, is for other purposes. (Mr. CASSIDY) was added as a cosponsor amended to read as follows: of S. 3713, a bill to appropriate S. 2122 ‘‘(b)(1) The Inspector General may be re- $25,000,000,000 for the construction of a moved from office, or transferred to another At the request of Mr. MERKLEY, the border wall between the United States position within, or another location of, the name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. and Mexico, and for other purposes. Government Publishing Office, by the Direc- DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor tor of the Government Publishing Office. of S. 2122, a bill to amend the Fair f ‘‘(2) Not later than 30 days before the Di- Labor Standards Act of 1938 regarding STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED rector removes or transfers the Inspector reasonable break time for nursing BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS General under paragraph (1), the Director mothers. shall communicate in writing the reason for By Mr. BLUNT (for himself and the removal or transfer to— S. 2274 Ms. KLOBUCHAR): ‘‘(A) the Committee on House Administra- At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the S. 3748. A bill to amend the removal tion and the Committee on Appropriations of name of the Senator from Rhode Island and transfer procedures for the Inspec- the House of Representatives; and (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was added as a co- tors General of the Library of Con- ‘‘(B) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- sponsor of S. 2274, a bill to provide for gress, the Office of the Architect of the tration and the Committee on Appropria- the compensation of Federal employees Capitol, and the Government Pub- tions of the Senate. affected by lapses in appropriations. lishing Office; considered and passed. ‘‘(3) Nothing in this subsection shall pro- hibit a personnel action (except for removal S. 2418 S. 3748 or transfer) that is otherwise authorized by At the request of Ms. HASSAN, the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- law.’’. resentatives of the United States of America in name of the Senator from Alabama f (Mr. JONES) was added as a cosponsor Congress assembled, AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND of S. 2418, a bill to direct the Federal SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Improving PROPOSED Communications Commission to pro- the Inspector General Process for Legislative SA 4077. Mr. CORNYN submitted an mulgate regulations that establish a Branch Instrumentalities Act’’. national standard for determining amendment intended to be proposed by him SEC. 2. REMOVAL AND TRANSFER PROCEDURES to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to direct whether mobile and broadband services FOR THE INSPECTORS GENERAL OF the removal of United States Armed Forces available in rural areas are reasonably THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, OFFICE OF THE ARCHITECT OF THE CAP- from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen comparable to those services provided ITOL, AND GOVERNMENT PUB- that have not been authorized by Congress; in urban areas. LISHING OFFICE. which was ordered to lie on the table. S. 3622 (a) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.—Paragraph (2) SA 4078. Mr. CORNYN submitted an At the request of Mr. MENENDEZ, the of section 1307(c) of the Legislative Branch amendment intended to be proposed by him name of the Senator from Virginia (Mr. Appropriations Act, 2006 (2 U.S.C. 185(c)) is to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; amended to read as follows: which was ordered to lie on the table. KAINE) was added as a cosponsor of S. ‘‘(2) REMOVAL OR TRANSFER.— SA 4079. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mr. 3622, a bill to condemn gross human ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Inspector General INHOFE) submitted an amendment intended rights violations of ethnic Turkic Mus- may be removed from office, or transferred to be proposed by him to the joint resolution lims in Xinjiang, and calling for an end to another position within, or another loca- S.J. Res. 54, supra; which was ordered to lie to arbitrary detention, torture, and tion of, the Library of Congress, by the Li- on the table. harassment of these communities in- brarian of Congress. SA 4080. Mr. YOUNG (for himself, Mrs. side and outside China. ‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 30 days before SHAHEEN, Ms. COLLINS, and Mr. COONS) sub- the Librarian of Congress removes or trans- mitted an amendment intended to be pro- At the request of Mr. RUBIO, the fers the Inspector General under subpara- posed by him to the joint resolution S.J. name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. graph (A), the Librarian of Congress shall Res. 54, supra. ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. communicate in writing the reason for the SA 4081. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an 3622, supra. removal or transfer to— amendment intended to be proposed by him S. 3649 ‘‘(i) the Committee on House Administra- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the tion and the Committee on Appropriations of which was ordered to lie on the table. names of the Senator from Texas (Mr. the House of Representatives; and SA 4082. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- amendment intended to be proposed by him CORNYN) and the Senator from Rhode tration and the Committee on Appropria- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; Island (Mr. REED) were added as co- tions of the Senate. which was ordered to lie on the table. sponsors of S. 3649, a bill to provide for ‘‘(C) APPLICABILITY.—Nothing in this para- SA 4083. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an programs to help reduce the risk that graph shall prohibit a personnel action (ex- amendment intended to be proposed by him

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.048 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7511 to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; amendment to the bill H.R. 1222, to amend SEC. 2. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING which was ordered to lie on the table. the Public Health Service Act to coordinate CONTINUED MILITARY OPERATIONS SA 4084. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an Federal congenital heart disease research ef- AND COOPERATION WITH ISRAEL amendment intended to be proposed by him forts and to improve public education and AND REGIONAL ALLIES. Nothing in this joint resolution shall be to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; awareness of congenital heart disease, and construed to influence or disrupt any mili- which was ordered to lie on the table. for other purposes. tary operations and cooperation with Israel SA 4085. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an SA 4104. Mr. GARDNER (for Ms. COLLINS) or regional allies. amendment intended to be proposed by him proposed an amendment to the bill S. 2076, to to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; amend the Public Health Service Act to au- SA 4080. Mr. YOUNG (for himself, which was ordered to lie on the table. thorize the expansion of activities related to Mrs. SHAHEEN, Ms. COLLINS, and Mr. SA 4086. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive decline, and ment intended to be proposed by him to the brain health under the Alzheimer’s Disease COONS) submitted an amendment in- joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which and Healthy Aging Program, and for other tended to be proposed by him to the was ordered to lie on the table. purposes. joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to direct SA 4087. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- SA 4105. Mr. SANDERS submitted an the removal of United States Armed ment intended to be proposed by him to the amendment intended to be proposed by him Forces from hostilities in the Republic joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to direct of Yemen that have not been author- was ordered to lie on the table. the removal of United States Armed Forces ized by Congress; as follows: SA 4088. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen On page 4, line 21, add after the period at ment intended to be proposed by him to the that have not been authorized by Congress; the end the following: ‘‘For purposes of this joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which which was ordered to lie on the table. was ordered to lie on the table. resolution, in this section, the term ‘hos- SA 4089. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- f tilities’ includes in-flight refueling of non- ment intended to be proposed by him to the United States aircraft conducting missions joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which TEXT OF AMENDMENTS as part of the ongoing civil war in Yemen.’’. was ordered to lie on the table. SA 4077. Mr. CORNYN submitted an SA 4090. Mr. CORNYN submitted an SA 4081. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by amendment intended to be proposed by amendment intended to be proposed by him him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, which was ordered to lie on the table. to direct the removal of United States to direct the removal of United States SA 4091. Mr. CORNYN submitted an Armed Forces from hostilities in the Armed Forces from hostilities in the amendment intended to be proposed by him Republic of Yemen that have not been Republic of Yemen that have not been to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; authorized by Congress; which was or- authorized by Congress; which was or- which was ordered to lie on the table. dered to lie on the table; as follows: dered to lie on the table; as follows: SA 4092. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an At the end, add the following: amendment intended to be proposed by him At the end, add the following: to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; SEC. 2. REPORT ON RISKS POSED BY CEASING SEC. 2. ADDRESSING THE ROHINGYA REFUGEE which was ordered to lie on the table. SAUDI ARABIA SUPPORT OPER- CRISIS. ATIONS. SA 4093. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- Not later than 90 days after the date of the amendment intended to be proposed by him lowing findings: enactment of this joint resolution, the Sec- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; (1) On August 25, 2017, attacks on security retary of Defense shall submit to Congress a which was ordered to lie on the table. posts in Burma by the military group report assessing the risks posed to United SA 4094. Mr. CORNYN submitted an Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army resulted States citizens and the civilian population of amendment intended to be proposed by him in a brutal, systematic, and disproportionate the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the risk of to the bill S. 90, to survey the gradient reprisal by the Burmese military and secu- regional humanitarian crises if the United boundary along the Red River in the States rity forces on Rohingya villages in Rakhine States were to cease support operations with of Oklahoma and Texas, and for other pur- State. respect to the conflict between the Saudi-led poses; which was ordered to lie on the table. (2) More than 680,000 Rohingya refugees SA 4095. Mr. CORNYN submitted an coalition and the Houthis in Yemen. have fled to Bangladesh since the Burmese amendment intended to be proposed by him military commenced its scorched-earth cam- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to direct SA 4078. Mr. CORNYN submitted an paign, with the burning of villages and local the removal of United States Armed Forces amendment intended to be proposed by monuments, and reports of widespread gang from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, rape, starvation, killing, and forcible depor- that have not been authorized by Congress; to direct the removal of United States tation. which was ordered to lie on the table. Armed Forces from hostilities in the (3) The Government of Burma has consist- SA 4096. Mr. CORNYN submitted an ently denied access to the United Nations Republic of Yemen that have not been Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar estab- amendment intended to be proposed by him authorized by Congress; which was or- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; lished to investigate human rights violations which was ordered to lie on the table. dered to lie on the table; as follows: around the country. SA 4097. Mr. COTTON submitted an amend- At the end, add the following: (4) Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh ment intended to be proposed by him to the SEC. 2. REPORT ON INCREASED RISK OF TER- Hasina proposed that ‘‘safe zones’’ be created joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which RORIST ATTACKS TO UNITED inside Burma to protect all civilians irre- was ordered to lie on the table. STATES FORCES ABROAD, ALLIES, spective of religion and ethnicity under SA 4098. Mr. COTTON submitted an amend- AND THE CONTINENTAL UNITED United Nations (UN) supervision. ment intended to be proposed by him to the STATES IF SAUDI ARABIA CEASES IN- (5) The United Nations High Commissioner TELLIGENCE SHARING OPERATIONS. joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; which for Refugees (UNHCR)’s mandate is to pro- Not later than 90 days after the date of the was ordered to lie on the table. vide, in collaboration with other actors, enactment of this joint resolution, the Sec- SA 4099. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an international protection to refugees and to retary of Defense shall submit to Congress a amendment intended to be proposed by him assist them in finding durable solutions report assessing the increased risk of ter- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; through voluntary repatriation, local inte- rorist attacks on United States Armed which was ordered to lie on the table. gration, or resettlement. SA 4100. Mr. VAN HOLLEN submitted an Forces abroad, allies, and to the continental (6) The UN General Assembly has repeat- amendment intended to be proposed by him United States if the Government of Saudi edly affirmed UNHCR’s function of facili- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; Arabia were to cease intelligence sharing op- tating the voluntary repatriation of refugees which was ordered to lie on the table. erations with the United States and regional and, in recognition of the importance of sus- SA 4101. Mr. VAN HOLLEN submitted an partners. tainable return, has widened its mandate to amendment intended to be proposed by him include providing assistance for their reha- to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, supra; SA 4079. Mr. CORNYN (for himself bilitation and dealing with the consequences which was ordered to lie on the table. and Mr. INHOFE) submitted an amend- of their return. SA 4102. Mr. GARDNER (for Mr. CARDIN) ment intended to be proposed by him (7) The fundamental operational principles proposed an amendment to the bill S. 1158, to to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to of voluntary repatriation are safety, to in- help prevent acts of genocide and other direct the removal of United States clude legal and physical safety, and dignity, atrocity crimes, which threaten national and Armed Forces from hostilities in the to include treatment with respect and full international security, by enhancing United Republic of Yemen that have not been acceptance by their national authorities, in- States Government capacities to prevent, cluding the full restoration of refugees’ mitigate, and respond to such crises. authorized by Congress; which was or- rights. SA 4103. Mr. GARDNER (for Mr. DURBIN dered to lie on the table; as follows: (8) On November 23, 2017, the Government (for himself and Mr. YOUNG)) proposed an At the end, add the following: of Burma and the Government of Bangladesh

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.052 S12DEPT1 S7512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 signed an agreement, known as the ‘‘Ar- (3) condemns the attacks by the Arakan SA 4082. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an rangement’’, on the return of displaced per- Rohingya Salvation Army militant group; amendment intended to be proposed by sons from Rakhine State, which is modeled (4) calls on the Government of Burma to him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, after the 1992 repatriation agreement be- allow full access to Rakhine State and en- tween Burma and Bangladesh. sure the full participation of UNHCR, the to direct the removal of United States (9) The Arrangement includes references to internationally endorsed organization Armed Forces from hostilities in the restoring normalcy and human rights in tasked with ensuring that refugee returns Republic of Yemen that have not been Rakhine State, for refugee returns to comply are voluntary, safe, dignified, and respect authorized by Congress; which was or- with international standards of safety, dig- fundamental human rights, and that the dered to lie on the table; as follows: nity, and voluntariness, and to commencing voices of refugees are represented in order to At the end, add the following: a process to address root causes in line with ensure the sustainability of such returns and the Rakhine Advisory Commission rec- to prevent further waves of displacement; SEC. 2. REQUEST FOR A REPORT ON THE OB- ommendations. (5) calls on the Government of Burma to SERVANCE OF AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL (10) Approximately 236,000 Rohingya refu- allow the United Nations-backed Inde- FREEDOM IN SAUDI ARABIA. gees returned to Burma under the terms of pendent International Fact-Finding Mission (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- the 1992 agreement, only to continue to be on Myanmar immediate and unfettered ac- lowing findings: denied citizenship, face prejudice, violence, cess to Burma, including northern Rahkine (1) In July 2018, the Government of Saudi and persecution, and in many instances be State, to establish the facts and cir- Arabia detained prominent women rights ac- forced to live in internally displaced persons cumstances of the alleged recent human tivists Samar Badawi and Nassima al-Sada. (IDP) camps with their freedom of movement rights violations by Burmese military and (2) The United States Department of State restricted. security forces against the Rohingya and presented Ms. Badawi with the 2012 Inter- (11) Burma’s 1982 citizenship law stripped other ethnic minorities; national Women of Courage Award in rec- Rohingya of their Burmese citizenship, ren- (6) commends the positive role of the Gov- ognition of her efforts with regard to the dis- dering them stateless. ernment of Bangladesh in receiving criminatory male guardianship system in (12) The Government of Burma continues Rohingya refugees to date and urges the Saudi Arabia. to systematically discriminate against the Government of Bangladesh to continue al- Rohingya people, including by continuing to lowing the full participation of UNHCR and (3) The Department of State has declined restrict registration of Rohingya births and human rights organizations in accessing ref- to express solidarity with the Government of to deny them freedom of movement, access ugee camps; Canada, which reacted appropriately to news to healthcare, land, education, marriage, (7) calls on UNHCR and international non- of the detention of Ms. Badawi and Ms. al- voting rights, and political participation. governmental organizations to play a role in Sada in expressing that it was ‘‘gravely con- (13) The Government of Burma has repeat- monitoring repatriation efforts by the Gov- cerned about additional arrests of civil soci- edly abused land use laws to unjustly seize ernments of Bangladesh and Burma to en- ety and women’s rights activists’’ and call- land from Rohingya refugees. sure a process that meets international ing upon ‘‘Saudi authorities to immediately (14) UNHCR is working closely with the norms for voluntary, safe, and dignified repa- release them and all other peaceful human- Government of Bangladesh and partners to triation; rights activists’’. provide protection and assistance to the (8) agrees that any return of Rohingya (4) The Government of Saudi Arabia re- Rohingya refugees and to support the host should include guarantees that any returns acted disproportionately to criticism by the populations affected by the influx. of refugees will be voluntary and dignified, Government of Canada by taking extreme re- (15) The Government of Burma has not that there will be no threats to protection or taliatory measures, including— reached an agreement with UNHCR on its security upon return, that refugees will be (A) expelling the Ambassador of Canada to role in the safe, dignified, and voluntary re- able to return to their places of origin or Saudi Arabia and recalling the Ambassador turn of Rakhine State refugees. other locations as desired, and be able to of Saudi Arabia to Canada; (16) Myanmar Minister of Social Welfare, enjoy equal rights with others in Burma, in- (B) ordering the return of citizens of Saudi Relief and Resettlement Dr. Win Myat Aye, cluding the restoration or granting of full Arabia living in Canada, including more than on December 28, 2017, announced that the re- citizenship, freedom of movement, and ac- 1,000 medical students; patriation process will begin on January 22, cess to basic services; (C) shutting off new bilateral trade and in- 2018, but this process has not yet begun. (9) recognizes that any forced relocation of vestment with Canada; and (17) There is concern that up to 100,000 Rohingya refugees into temporary settle- (D) terminating direct commercial flights Rohingya could be at risk of forced return ments, IDP camps, ‘‘model villages,’’ or on Saudi Arabian air carriers between Saudi into two ‘‘model villages’’ or into 1,200 tents other areas not of refugees’ choosing is unac- Arabia and Canada. provided by the Government of Burma, with- ceptable; (5) Canada is an indispensable ally in the out assurances of their safety or details re- (10) calls on the Government of Burma to North Atlantic Treaty Organization that garding long term solutions to address root allow for a flexible and practical approach to shares the commitment of the United States causes of Rohingya disenfranchisement. dealing with evidence of Rohingya residence to equal rights and the rule of law and, in de- (18) ‘‘Model villages’’ and similar tactics in in Burma, recognizing that the Rohingya ref- fense of shared interests and values, Canada Burma dating back to colonial rule have ugees in Bangladesh possess a wide range of has fought and sacrificed alongside the been used to strategically shift population documents and that some refugees have no United States in each of the World Wars and groups and deepen religious and cultural di- documents and will need to establish their has contributed to Missions of the North At- vides. residence by other means; lantic Treaty Organization in Afghanistan, (19) On December 12, 2017, Wa Lone and (11) calls on the Government of Burma to the Balkans, Libya, and Central and Eastern Kyaw Soe Oo, two journalists reporting and address root causes consistent with the Europe. documenting atrocities against the Rakhine Advisory Commission recommenda- (6) The arrest of Ms. Badawi and Ms. al- Rohingya, were arrested and on January 10, tions and fully implement all of the rec- Sada, as well as the ongoing detention of 2018, formally prosecuted with violating the ommendations of the Commission, including countless others such as blogger Raif Badawi ‘‘Official Secrets Act,’’ further risking Bur- providing equal access to full restoration or and human rights lawyer Waleed Abu al- ma’s democratic transition. granting of full citizenship for the Rohingya Khair, is part of a disturbing pattern of (20) UNHCR, as of December 17, 2017, re- population; human rights violations committed by the ports that conditions in Burma’s Rakhine (12) calls on the Government of Burma to Government of Saudi Arabia, which are doc- State are not yet conducive to enable safe acknowledge and address the issue of state- umented in more than 50 pages of the 2017 and sustainable return, as refugees continue lessness for the Rohingya, the deprivation of Human Rights Report of the Department of to flee Rakhine State into neighboring Ban- rights, and institutionalized and pervasive State. gladesh. discrimination of the Rohingya population (7) Among the human rights violations by (21) UNHCR reports that those who arrive in order to bring about any sustainable solu- the Government of Saudi Arabia documented have suffered immense violence and trauma tions; in that report, are unlawful killings, torture, in Burma, with some having witnessed the (13) commends the Government and the arbitrary arrest and detention, restrictions deaths of family members and friends and people of Bangladesh for their extraordinary on freedom of expression, violence and offi- most having little or nothing to return to, generosity and efforts to provide shelter and cial gender discrimination against women, with their homes and villages destroyed. relief for nearly 1,000,000 Rohingya refugees and criminalization of same-sex sexual activ- (22) There is concern that deep divisions forced to flee their homes in Burma; ity. between communities remain unaddressed (14) calls on the Government of Bangladesh (8) The office of the United Nations High and humanitarian access is inadequate. to ensure all refugees have freedom of move- Commissioner for Refugees assesses that air- (b) IN GENERAL.—Congress— ment and under no circumstances are subject strikes carried out by Saudi Arabia and the (1) condemns the violence and displace- to unsafe, involuntary, precipitous, or unin- United Arab Emirates in Yemen accounted ment inflicted on Burma’s Rohingya and formed returns to Burma; and for 80 percent of all civilian casualties from other ethnic minorities; (15) calls on the Government of Burma to December 2017 to May 2018 in the 5 (2) calls for an immediate halt to all hos- immediately release journalists Wa Lone and governorates of Yemen most affected by tilities by Burmese authorities; Kyaw Soe Oo. fighting.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.055 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7513 (9) Section 502B(a)(2) of the Foreign Assist- obligations of the United States under inter- SEC. 5. SUNSET UPON CESSATION OF THREAT. ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(a)(2)) states national law. (a) REPORTS ON CONTINUING THREATS.—Not that ‘‘no security assistance may be provided (d) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- later than six months after the date of the to any country the government of which en- MENTS.— enactment of this joint resolution, and every gages in a consistent pattern of gross viola- (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— six months thereafter, the President shall, in tions of internationally recognized human Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War consultation with the Secretary of Defense, rights’’. Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1547(a)(1)), Con- the Secretary of State and the Director of (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of gress declares that section 2 is intended to National Intelligence, submit to the appro- Congress that— constitute specific statutory authorization priate congressional committees and leader- (1) the President should offer public sup- within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War ship a report certifying whether or not each port to Canada by calling upon the Govern- Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1544(b)). group specified in section 2, and each new ment of Saudi Arabia to release Samar (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- group against which use of force is currently Badawi, Nassima al-Sada, Raif Badawi, MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- authorized by this joint resolution pursuant Waleed Abu al-Khair, and all other peaceful persedes any requirement of the War Powers to section 4(a), continues to meet the cri- human rights activists, journalists, and reli- Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.). teria set forth in section 4(a)(2). gious minorities held in detention by that SEC. 4. NEW GROUPS AND COUNTRIES AND USE (b) SUNSET.—If the President does not cer- Government on dubious charges; and OF GROUND FORCES IN A COMBAT tify under subsection (a) that a group de- (2) the arrest of women’s rights activists ROLE. scribed in that subsection continues to meet (a) USE OF FORCE AGAINST OTHER NON- and their supporters since May 2018 is con- the criteria set forth in section 4(a)(2), the STATE PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT.— trary to the stated goals of the Government authorization in this joint resolution to use (1) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF JOINT RES- of Saudi Arabia. force against such group shall cease, effec- OLUTION TO AUTHORIZE.—A joint resolution to (c) REQUEST FOR REPORT.—Congress re- tive as of the date that is 60 days after the authorize use of force against any organiza- quests, pursuant to section 502B(c)(1) of the date the certification is due. tion or force not specified in section 2 (in Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. (c) CONSTRUCTION.—The cessation of au- this joint resolution referred to as a ‘‘new thority to use force against a group under 2304(c)(1)), that the Secretary of State sub- group’’) shall be eligible for expedited con- mit to Congress a statement, as required by sideration in accordance with the procedures subsection (b) shall not be construed as the that section, setting forth all the available in section 8 (in this section referred to as cessation of authority to use force pursuant information about observance of and respect ‘‘expedited consideration’’). to this joint resolution against any other for human rights and fundamental freedom group specified in section 2, or against any (2) LIMITATION.—A joint resolution under in Saudi Arabia. this subsection shall not be eligible for expe- new group covered by section 4(a) against dited consideration unless the new group which force is being used pursuant to this SA 4083. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an covered by the joint resolution— joint resolution at the time of such cessation amendment intended to be proposed by (A) is not a foreign state; of authority. him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (B) is an organized armed group that has SEC. 6. DURATION OF AUTHORIZATION. to direct the removal of United States engaged, and continues to be engaged, in ac- (a) IN GENERAL.—The authorization for use Armed Forces from hostilities in the tive hostilities against the United States as of force in this joint resolution shall expire Republic of Yemen that have not been a party to an ongoing armed conflict involv- on the date that is three years after the date authorized by Congress; which was or- ing the groups specified in section 2; and of the enactment of this joint resolution. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days before dered to lie on the table; as follows: (C) demonstrates a credible ability to con- duct a substantial attack against compelling the expiration date provided for in sub- At the end, add the following: United States interests. section (a), the President shall submit to SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED (b) USE OF FORCE IN ADDITIONAL COUN- Congress a report on use of force pursuant to STATES ARMED FORCES. TRIES.— this joint resolution. The report may include (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- (1) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF JOINT RES- recommendations of the President for exten- lowing findings: OLUTION TO AUTHORIZE.—A joint resolution to sion, whether with or without modification, (1) It is appropriate for Congress to assert authorize use of force against the groups of this joint resolution. its power under Article I of the Constitution specified in section 2, or any new group cov- (c) PROCEDURES FOR ENACTMENT.—Any of the United States to declare war, raise ered by a joint resolution enacted pursuant joint resolution to extend this joint resolu- and support armies, and maintain an army. to subsection (a), in a country other than tion, whether with or without modification, (2) Nothing in this joint resolution super- those specified in the joint resolution au- shall be eligible for expedited consideration sedes any requirement of the War Powers thorizing such use of force (in this section in accordance with the procedures in section Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.). referred to as a ‘‘new country’’) shall be eli- 8. (3) The Framers of the Constitution, as gible for expedited consideration. SEC. 7. REPORTING AND PUBLIC NOTICE RE- outlined in Federalist No. 69, explained the (2) LIMITATION.—A joint resolution de- QUIREMENTS. difference between the authorities of the scribed by paragraph (1) that also authorizes (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than six months President under the Constitution as Com- use of ground forces in a combat role shall after the date of the enactment of this joint mander-in-Chief and the power of Congress not be eligible for expedited consideration. resolution, and every six months thereafter, under the Constitution to declare war. (c) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF JOINT the President shall submit to the appro- (4) The Framers of the Constitution were RESOLUTION TO AUTHORIZE USE OF GROUND priate congressional committees and leader- concerned that vesting too much war-mak- FORCES IN COMBAT ROLE IN ADDITIONAL COUN- ship, and shall publish in the Federal Reg- ing power in the President would cause the TRIES.—A joint resolution to authorize use of ister, a report setting forth the following: Nation to become involved hastily or un- ground forces in a combat role in a new (1) A list of the groups, organizations, and wisely in war. country for which authorization of use force forces against which the United States is (b) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is au- has been provided under subsection (b) shall using force pursuant to this joint resolution thorized to use all necessary and appropriate be eligible for expedited consideration. as of the date of submittal and publication. force in Iraq and Afghanistan against the (d) GROUND FORCES IN A COMBAT ROLE.— (2) For each group, organization, and force For purposes of this section, ground forces in Taliban, al Qaeda, and the Islamic State in listed under paragraph (1)— a combat role do not include the following: Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in order to pro- (A) the extent to which such group, organi- (1) Small detachments of special oper- tect the United States and its compelling in- zation, or force directly targeted any com- ations forces. terests (as defined in section 11) from attack pelling United States interest during the six- (2) Any other forces deployed under any by the Taliban, al Qaeda, and the Islamic month period ending on the date of sub- authority other than the authority in this State in Iraq and the Levant. mittal and publication (in this section re- joint resolution. SEC. 3. LIMITATIONS. ferred to as the ‘‘reporting period’’); and (e) PRESIDENTIAL REQUEST.—To be eligible (a) STATE ACTORS.—This joint resolution for expedited consideration, a joint resolu- (B) the extent to which such group, organi- does not authorize use of force against any tion described in subsection (a), (b), or (c) zation, or force continues to pose a threat to foreign state (as defined in section 11). must be requested in writing by the Presi- any compelling United States interest as of (b) NONAPPLICABILITY TO UNSPECIFIED ENTI- dent to the appropriate congressional com- the date of submittal and publication. TIES.—The authorization provided by section mittees and leadership, together with a writ- (3) A list of the countries in which the 2 extends only to the entities specified in ten justification of the manner which such United States used force pursuant to this that section, and does not extend to organi- joint resolution meets the applicable criteria joint resolution during the reporting period, zations or forces that the President deter- in such subsection. including the geographic location in each mines to be associated forces, successor (f) SEPARATE JOINT RESOLUTION REQUIRED country in which the United States so used forces, or forces otherwise related to the en- FOR EACH AUTHORIZATION.—To be eligible for force. tities specified in that section. expedited consideration, a separate joint res- (4) The number of combatant casualties in (c) APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.— olution is required for each new group, each connection with the use of force pursuant to The authority in this joint resolution may new country, and each use of ground forces this joint resolution during the reporting pe- be used only in a manner consistent with the in a combat role in a new country. riod.

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(5) The number of civilian casualties in (d) DISCHARGE.—If the committee to which (B) With respect to a resolution described connection with the use of force pursuant to a resolution described in subsection (b) is re- in subsection (b) of the House receiving the this joint resolution during the reporting pe- ferred has not reported such resolution (or resolution— riod, as determined by the following: an identical resolution) by the end of the 20- (i) the procedure in that House shall be the (A) The United States Government. day period beginning on the date of introduc- same as if no resolution had been received (B) Credible and reliable nongovernmental tion, such committee shall be, at the end of from the other House; but entities. such period, discharged from further consid- (ii) the vote on final passage shall be on (6) An explanation for the differences, if eration of such resolution, and such resolu- the resolution of the other House. any, between the number of civilian casual- tion shall be placed on the appropriate cal- (2) FOLLOWING DISPOSITION.—Upon disposi- ties reported pursuant to paragraph (5)(A) endar of the House involved. tion of the resolution received from the during the reporting period and the number (e) CONSIDERATION.— other House, it shall no longer be in order to of civilian casualties reported pursuant to (1) IN GENERAL.—On or after the third day consider the resolution that originated in paragraph (5)(B) during the reporting period. after the date on which the committee to the receiving House. (7) A description of the mechanisms used which such a resolution is referred has re- (g) RULES OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF to prevent and limit civilian casualties in ported, or has been discharged (under sub- REPRESENTATIVES.—This section is enacted connection with the use of force pursuant to section (d)) from further consideration of, by Congress— this joint resolution during the reporting pe- such a resolution, it is in order (even though (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power riod. a previous motion to the same effect has of the Senate and the House of Representa- (8) A current description of the process by been disagreed to) for any Member of the re- tives, respectively, and as such it is deemed which the United States investigates allega- spective House to move to proceed to the a part of the rules of each House, respec- tions of civilian casualties resulting from consideration of the resolution. A Member tively, but applicable only with respect to United States military operations. may make the motion only on the day after the procedure to be followed in that House in (9) A description of the current national se- the calendar day on which the Member an- the case of a resolution described in sub- curity, diplomatic, development, and human- nounces to the House concerned the Mem- section (b), and it supersedes other rules itarian goals of the United States for each ber’s intention to make the motion, except only to the extent that it is inconsistent country listed under paragraph (3) in order that, in the case of the House of Representa- with such rules; and to create the conditions for the end of use of tives, the motion may be made without such (2) with full recognition of the constitu- United States military force in such coun- prior announcement if the motion is made by tional right of either House to change the try, and the strategy and expected timeline direction of the committee to which the res- rules (so far as relating to the procedure of to execute such goals. olution was referred. All points of order that House) at any time, in the same man- (10) An assessment, as of the date of sub- against the resolution (and against consider- ner, and to the same extent as in the case of mittal and publication, of the bilateral and ation of the resolution) are waived. The mo- any other rule of that House. multilateral impact of United States use of tion is highly privileged in the House of Rep- SEC. 9. REPEAL OF AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF force pursuant to this joint resolution in resentatives and is privileged in the Senate MILITARY FORCE. each country listed under paragraph (3), and and is not debatable. The motion is not sub- The Authorization for Use of Military an assessment of the engagement of the gov- ject to amendment, or to a motion to post- Force (Public Law 107–40; 115 Stat. 224; 50 ernment of such country with United States pone, or to a motion to proceed to the con- U.S.C. 1541 note) is hereby repealed, effective use of force in such country. sideration of other business. A motion to re- six months after the date of the enactment (11) A comprehensive and current descrip- consider the vote by which the motion is of this joint resolution. tion, both for the reporting period and in ag- agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in SEC. 10. REPEAL OF AUTHORIZATION FOR USE gregate as of the date of submittal and publi- order. If a motion to proceed to the consider- OF MILITARY FORCE AGAINST IRAQ cation, of the amounts expended by the ation of the resolution is agreed to, the re- RESOLUTION OF 2002. The Authorization for Use of Military United States for and in support of military spective House shall immediately proceed to Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (Public operations and activities in connection with consideration of the joint resolution without Law 107–243; 116 Stat. 1498; 50 U.S.C. 1541 use of force pursuant to this joint resolution. intervening motion, order, or other business, note) is hereby repealed. (b) FORM.— and the resolution shall remain the unfin- (1) IN GENERAL.—Each report under sub- ished business of the respective House until SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified disposed of. In this joint resolution: (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- form. (2) DEBATE.—Debate on the resolution, and (2) CLASSIFIED FORM.—Except as provided on all debatable motions and appeals in con- TEES AND LEADERSHIP.—The term ‘‘appro- in paragraph (3), portion of a report under nection therewith, shall be limited to not priate congressional committees and leader- subsection (a) may be submitted in classified more than 30 hours, which shall be divided ship’’ means— form if strictly required to protect the na- equally between those favoring and those op- (A) the Majority Leader and the Minority tional security interests of the United posing the resolution. An amendment to the Leader of the Senate; States. resolution is not in order. A motion further (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the (3) CERTAIN INFORMATION ONLY IN UNCLASSI- to limit debate is in order and not debatable. Committee on Foreign Relations, the Com- FIED FORM.—The information required by A motion to postpone, or a motion to pro- mittee on Appropriations, and the Select subsection (a)(1), and the countries listed ceed to the consideration of other business, Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; pursuant to subsection (a)(3), shall be sub- or a motion to recommit the resolution is (C) the Speaker of the House of Represent- mitted in unclassified form. not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote atives and the Minority Leader of the House (c) BRIEFINGS.—The Department of Defense by which the resolution is agreed to or dis- of Representatives; and shall provide a briefing to any appropriate agreed to is not in order. (D) the Committee on Armed Services, the congressional committee or leadership upon Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com- (3) VOTE ON FINAL PASSAGE.—Immediately request of such committee or leadership not following the conclusion of the debate on the mittee on Appropriations, and the Perma- less often than every six months on activi- resolution and a single quorum call at the nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the ties undertaken pursuant to this joint reso- conclusion of the debate if requested in ac- House of Representatives. lution. cordance with the rules of the appropriate (2) COMPELLING UNITED STATES INTERESTS.— SEC. 8. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES FOR CONSID- House, the vote on final passage of the reso- The term ‘‘compelling United States inter- ERATION OF JOINT RESOLUTIONS. lution shall occur. ests’’ means the following: (a) IN GENERAL.—A resolution specified in (A) United States territory. (4) APPEALS FROM DECISIONS OF CHAIR.—Ap- subsection (b) shall be eligible for consider- peals from the decisions of the Chair relating (B) The United States Armed Forces. ation using expedited procedures specified in to the application of the rules of the Senate (C) United States citizens. this section. or the House of Representatives, as the case (3) FOREIGN STATE.—The term ‘‘foreign (b) RESOLUTIONS.—A resolution specified in state’’ has the meaning given that term in this subsection is any joint resolution as fol- may be, to the procedure relating to a reso- lution shall be decided without debate. section 1603(a) of title 28, United States lows: Code, namely a foreign state, a political sub- (f) CONSIDERATION BY OTHER HOUSE.— (1) A joint resolution covered by section 4. division of a foreign state, or an agency or (1) IN GENERAL.—If, before the passage by (2) A joint resolution to extend, whether instrumentality of a foreign state (as that one House of a resolution of that House de- with or without modifications, this joint res- term is defined in section 1603(b of such scribed in subsection (b), that House receives olution, as provided for in section 6. title). (c) REFERRAL.—A resolution described in from the other House a resolution described subsection (b) introduced in the Senate shall in subsection (b), then the following proce- SA 4084. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an be referred to the Committee on Foreign Re- dures shall apply: amendment intended to be proposed by lations of the Senate. A resolution described (A) The resolution of the other House shall in subsection (b) that is introduced in the not be referred to a committee and may not him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, House of Representatives shall be referred to be considered in the House receiving it ex- to direct the removal of United States the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the cept in the case of final passage as provided Armed Forces from hostilities in the House of Representatives. in subparagraph (B)(ii). Republic of Yemen that have not been

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.056 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7515 authorized by Congress; which was or- (6) The NPT has grown to include 191 (13) The actions undertaken by the Russian dered to lie on the table; as follows: States Party to the Treaty, making an irre- Federation in violation of the INF Treaty, including the flight-test, production, and At the end, add the following: placeable contribution to international secu- rity by helping to prevent the spread of nu- possession of prohibited systems diminishes SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES- the contributions that the Treaty has made SAUDI ARABIA CIVILIAN NUCLEAR clear weapons. COOPERATION. (7) Article III of the NPT obligates all non- to security on the European continent. (14) Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a (a) FINDINGS.—Congress make the fol- nuclear weapon States Party to the NPT to lowing findings: conclude a Safeguards Agreement with the March 2018 speech, unveiled details of new kinds of strategic nuclear weapons under de- (1) On May 21, 2009, the United States and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) velopment, including hypersonic nuclear the United Arab Emirates signed a bilateral to verify treaty compliance, 174 of which are cruise missiles, nuclear-powered ballistic agreement pursuant to section 123 of the Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements missiles, and a multi-megaton nuclear tor- Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), crafted to detect the diversion of nuclear pedoes shot from drone submarines that may establishing cooperation on civilian nuclear materials from peaceful to non-peaceful be accountable under the Treaty between the programs in which the United Arab Emirates uses. United States of America and the Russian agreed that it ‘‘shall not possess sensitive (8) Nuclear weapon States Party to the Federation on Measures for the Further Re- nuclear facilities within its territory or oth- NPT have also concluded voluntary offer duction and Limitation of Strategic Offen- erwise engage in activities within its terri- Safeguards Agreements and Additional Pro- tocols with the IAEA; sive Arms, signed April 8, 2010, and entered tory for, or relating to, the enrichment or re- into force February 5, 2011 (commonly known (9) The 2018 Department of Defense Nuclear processing of material, or for the alternation as the ‘‘New START Treaty’’). Posture Review affirms, ‘‘The Nuclear Non- in form or content (except by irradiation or (15) The Russian Federation erroneously Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a cornerstone further irradiation or, if agreed by the Par- claimed that the United States may have not of the nuclear nonproliferation regime. It ties, post-irradiation examination) of pluto- reached New START Treaty Central Limits plays a positive role in building consensus nium, uranium 233, high enriched uranium, by February 5, 2018, as is mandated by the for non-proliferation and enhances inter- or irradiated source or special fissionable Treaty. national efforts to impose costs on those material’’. (16) The Bilateral Consultative Commis- (2) The civil nuclear cooperation agree- that would pursue nuclear weapons outside sion (BCC) is the appropriate forum for the ment between the United States and the the Treaty.’’. Parties to engage constructively on any New United Arab Emirates further obligates the (10) The success of the NPT has and will START Treaty implementation issues that United Arab Emirates to bring into force its continue to depend upon the full implemen- arise. Additional Protocol to its IAEA Safeguards tation by all States Party to the Treaty of (17) Within a difficult environment, pre- Agreement before the United States licenses the NPT’s obligations and responsibilities, serving full compliance with agreements ‘‘exports of nuclear material, equipment, which are derived from three mutually rein- that may continue to contribute to the na- components, or technology’’ pursuant to the forcing pillars: nonproliferation, access to tional security of the United States and to agreement. peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and disar- global security, particularly the New START (3) This agreement became known as the mament. Treaty, is all the more essential, and to that first ‘‘gold standard’’ civil nuclear agree- (11) Over the past half century, the United end, the Department of State confirmed in ment and was lauded as a step toward estab- States has exhibited leadership in strength- February 2018 that Russia had met New lishing a precedent for strong nonprolifera- ening each of the NPT’s three pillars for the START’s Central Treaty Limits and stated tion standards on the Arabian Peninsula. global good, including— that ‘‘implementation of the New START (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of (A) reducing its nuclear weapons stockpile Treaty enhances the safety and security of Congress that any United States-Saudi Ara- by more than 85 percent from its Cold War the United States’’. bia civilian nuclear cooperation agreement heights of 31,225 in parallel with equally (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act massive reductions of Russia’s stockpile Congress that— of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), commonly known as through bilateral coordination; (1) the United States should continue to a ‘‘123 Agreement’’, concluded in the future (B) cooperating with Kazakhstan, Ukraine, encourage all States Party to the NPT to should prohibit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Belarus—to facilitate the surrender of comply fully with the Treaty; from enriching uranium or separating pluto- nuclear weapons on their soil after the fall of (2) any United States negotiated agree- nium on Saudi Arabian territory in keeping the Soviet Union—leading to each country’s ment with the Democratic People’s Republic with the strongest possible nonproliferation accession to the NPT as a non-nuclear weap- of Korea (DPRK) on denuclearization should ‘‘gold standard’’ as well as require the King- ons state; require the DPRK to return to as a State dom of Saudi Arabia to bring into force the (C) providing voluntary contributions to Party to the NPT in good standing and full Additional Protocol with the International the IAEA to promote peaceful nuclear activi- compliance with the Treaty; Atomic Energy Agency. ties exceeding $374,000,000 since 2010, includ- (3) the United States should maintain sup- ing activities that help in the treatment of port for the IAEA through its assessed and SA 4085. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an cancer and other life-saving applications; voluntary contributions and promote the amendment intended to be proposed by and universal adoption of the IAEA Additional him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (D) extending deterrence to United States Protocol; to direct the removal of United States allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- (4) the United States and its allies should Armed Forces from hostilities in the tion (NATO), Japan, and the Republic of pursue diplomatic efforts to ensure that the Korea—which is an unmistakable demonstra- Islamic Republic of Iran complies with the Republic of Yemen that have not been tion of the United States commitment to NPT and fully implements the IAEA Addi- authorized by Congress; which was or- collective security; heightened geopolitical tional Protocol; dered to lie on the table; as follows: tensions in recent years have made coopera- (5) the United States should— At the end, add the following: tion on nonproliferation and arms control (A) consider whether to extend the New SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE VALUE OF issues with the Russian Federation more START Treaty, within the context of mean- TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERA- challenging. ingful arms control that decreases the TION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS. (12) A range of actions by the Government chances of misperception and miscalcula- (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- of the Russian Federation has led to a dete- tion, avoids destabilizing arms competition, lowing findings: rioration in bilateral relations with the and is verifiable and consistent with the se- (1) The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of United States, including Russia’s brazen in- curity objectives of the United States and its Nuclear Weapons (NPT) opened for signature terference in the 2016 United States presi- allies and partners; 50 years ago on July 1, 1968. dential elections, its violation of the Treaty (B) assess whether Russia’s recently an- (2) The United States and the former So- between the United States of America and nounced nuclear weapons should be account- viet Union averted a catastrophic nuclear ex- the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on able under the New START Treaty and raise change during the October 1962 Cuban Mis- the Elimination of Their Intermediate- the issue directly with the Russian Federa- sile Crisis, which led to a series of bilateral Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (com- tion; and multilateral agreements to lessen the monly known as the ‘‘INF Treaty’’), signed (C) press the Russian Federation to engage chance of nuclear war, including the NPT. at Washington, D.C., December 8, 1987, and constructively on compliance matters re- (3) President John F. Kennedy predicted in entered into force June 1, 1988, its use of a lated to the New START Treaty, and also to 1963 that as many as 25 countries would ac- chemical nerve agent in an assassination at- take steps that provide greater transparency quire nuclear weapons by 1970 absent a trea- tempt against Sergei Skirpal and his daugh- into Russia’s non-strategic nuclear weapons, ty to control nuclear weapons. ter Yulia in the United Kingdom in March which are not captured under any treaty and (4) The United States Senate provided its 2018, its illegal annexation of Crimea, its in- which are numerically superior to those held advice and consent to the NPT on March 13, vasion of Eastern Ukraine, its destabilizing by the United States and its allies; 1969, with a vote on ratification of 83 to 15. actions in Syria, and its use of polonium to (D) begin negotiations with the Russian (5) The NPT entered into force on March 5, assassinate Alexander Litvinenko in the Federation on an agreement to address the 1970. United Kingdom in November 2006. massive disparity between the non-strategic

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:15 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.059 S12DEPT1 S7516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 nuclear weapons stockpiles of the Russian the United States of, the individual, and rev- litically motivated charges, based on their Federation and of the United States and to ocation in accordance with section 221(i) of peaceful advocacy for human rights in Saudi secure and reduce non-strategic nuclear the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 Arabia. weapons in a verifiable manner; U.S.C. 1201(i)), of any visa or other docu- (b) REPORT.— (E) begin an interagency process to discuss mentation of the individual. (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days whether to extend the New START Treaty (c) EXCEPTIONS.— after the date of the enactment of this joint and the possibility of further engagement (1) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF resolution, the Secretary of State shall sub- with the Russian Federation on strategic GOODS.—The requirement to block and pro- mit to Congress a report assessing the status stability and other arms control and non- hibit all transactions in all property and in- of all women who have been detained in proliferation issues; and terests in property under subsection (b)(1) Saudi Arabia, without being charged of any (F) consider the consequences of the New shall not include the authority to impose crime or on politically motivated charges, START Treaty’s expiration in 2021 also in re- sanctions on the importation of goods. based on their peaceful advocacy for human lation to the insights the Treaty provides (2) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA- rights in that country. into the location, movement, and disposition TIONS HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT.—Sanctions (2) CLASSIFIED ANNEX.—The report sub- of current and future Russian strategic sys- under subsection (b)(2) shall not apply to an mitted under paragraph (1) shall include a tems; alien if admitting the alien into the United classified annex that explains in detail what (6) the United States strongly condemns States is necessary to permit the United the Department of State is doing to secure the Russian Federation’s violations of the States to comply with the Agreement re- the release of the women described in the re- INF Treaty and its non-compliance with its garding the Headquarters of the United Na- port. other arms control commitments and treaty tions, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, obligations, and urges Russia to come back and entered into force November 21, 1947, be- SA 4088. Mr. RUBIO submitted an tween the United Nations and the United into full compliance; amendment intended to be proposed by (7) the executive branch of the United States, or other applicable international ob- States Government should consult with the ligations. him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, Senate, and in particular with the Com- (d) NATIONAL SECURITY WAIVER.—The to direct the removal of United States mittee on Foreign Relations, prior to any de- President may waive the imposition of sanc- Armed Forces from hostilities in the cision to withdraw from an arms control tions under subsection (b) if the President Republic of Yemen that have not been treaty ratified by the Senate, particularly determines, and reports to the appropriate authorized by Congress; which was or- any that may impact collective defense ar- congressional committees that the waiver is dered to lie on the table; as follows: rangements the United States has entered in the national security interests of the into with other countries; and United States. At the end, add the following: (8) the United States Government should (e) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— SEC. 2. SENSE OF THE SENATE ON RELATIONS continue to encourage opportunities for co- (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND operation with other states possessing nu- exercise all authorities provided to the THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. clear arms to reduce the salience, number, President under sections 203 and 205 of the It is the sense of the Senate that— and role of nuclear weapons in their national International Emergency Economic Powers (1) the United States and the Kingdom of military strategies. Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out sub- Saudi Arabia have maintained a close and section (b)(1). productive relationship for most of the years SA 4086. Mr. RUBIO submitted an (2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at- since establishing relations in 1933; amendment intended to be proposed by tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or (2) the United States seeks to continue a him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, causes a violation of subsection (b)(1) or any constructive and strategic relationship with to direct the removal of United States regulation, license, or order issued to carry the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, based on both out that subsection shall be subject to the Armed Forces from hostilities in the our mutual interests as well as a growing penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) agreement on the values of human rights, de- Republic of Yemen that have not been of section 206 of the International Emer- mocracy, and the rule of law, which are the authorized by Congress; which was or- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) cornerstone of any strong and lasting rela- dered to lie on the table; as follows: to the same extent as a person that commits tionship with the United States; and At the end, add the following: an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of (3) there have been numerous Saudi actions SEC. 2. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RE- that section. since January 2015 that have threatened the SPECT TO OFFICIALS OF THE GOV- (f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: comity between our two nations, including— ERNMENT OF SAUDI ARABIA RE- (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- (A) the continued jailing of prisoner of con- SPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional science Raif Badawi in Saudi Arabia, who re- ABUSES. committees’’ means— ceived 50 lashes in 2015 that nearly killed (a) LIST REQUIRED.— (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, him; (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days and Urban Affairs and the Committee on (B) the imprisonment of women’s rights ac- after the date of the enactment of this Act, Foreign Relations of the Senate; and tivists in May of this year by Saudi govern- the President shall submit to the appro- (B) the Committee on Financial Services ment authorities, and, according to media priate congressional committees a list of all and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the reports, their torture while in custody, in- senior officials of the Government of Saudi House of Representatives. cluding Raif Badawi’s sister, Samar; Arabia, including senior officials of the mili- (2) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term (C) the premeditated murder of Wash- tary and security forces of Saudi Arabia, ‘‘United States person’’ means— ington Post writer and Saudi citizen Jamal that the President determines have played a (A) a United States citizen or an alien law- Khashoggi by Saudi government authorities direct and substantial role in the commis- fully admitted for permanent residence to in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul after sion of human rights abuses, including tor- the United States; or being called there by his government; ture of political prisoners. (B) an entity organized under the laws of (D) the Government of Saudi Arabia’s dis- (2) UPDATES.—Not less frequently than the United States or any jurisdiction within astrous war in Yemen, which, while trying to every 180 days, the President shall submit to the United States, including a foreign branch rid Yemen of Iranian influence, has created a the appropriate congressional committees an of such an entity. humanitarian nightmare that has killed tens updated version of the list required by para- of thousands, displaced hundreds of thou- graph (1). SA 4087. Mr. RUBIO submitted an sands, impoverished millions, and pushed the (b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The Presi- amendment intended to be proposed by country to the brink of massive famine; and dent shall impose the following sanctions him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (E) a reckless diplomatic and economic with respect to each individual on the list re- confrontation with the State of Qatar, a Gulf quired by subsection (a): to direct the removal of United States Cooperation Council Member and regional (1) ASSET BLOCKING.—The exercise of all Armed Forces from hostilities in the partner of the United States on counterter- powers granted to the President by the Republic of Yemen that have not been rorism and regional security. International Emergency Economic Powers authorized by Congress; which was or- Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec- dered to lie on the table; as follows: SA 4089. Mr. RUBIO submitted an essary to block and prohibit all transactions At the end, add the following: amendment intended to be proposed by in all property and interests in property of SEC. 2. REPORT ON DETENTION OF WOMEN the individual if such property and interests BASED ON PEACEFUL ADVOCACY him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, in property are in the United States, come FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARA- to direct the removal of United States within the United States, or are or come BIA. Armed Forces from hostilities in the within the possession or control of a United (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Republic of Yemen that have not been States person. Congress that the Government of Saudi Ara- authorized by Congress; which was or- (2) EXCLUSION FROM THE UNITED STATES AND bia should immediately release all women REVOCATION OF VISA OR OTHER DOCUMENTA- who have been detained in that country, dered to lie on the table; as follows: TION.—Denial of a visa to, and exclusion from without being charged of any crime or on po- At the end, add the following:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.059 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7517 SEC. 2. ANNUAL REPORT ON EDUCATIONAL MA- SA 4090. Mr. CORNYN submitted an (5) The United States has suffered more TERIALS IN SAUDI ARABIA. amendment intended to be proposed by than 2,000 casualties in Afghanistan (includ- (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days ing 13 in 2018 thus far), and the United States after the date of the enactment of this joint him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, to direct the removal of United States has dropped more than 5,200 bombs this year resolution, and annually thereafter for 10 (through September 30), a record high. years (except as provided under subsection Armed Forces from hostilities in the (6) Secretary of Defense Mattis, reflecting (d)) not later than 90 days after the start of Republic of Yemen that have not been consensus within United States and inter- the new school year in Saudi Arabia, the authorized by Congress; which was or- national security experts, has concluded that Secretary of State shall submit to the Com- dered to lie on the table; as follows: there is no military solution to the conflict mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate in Afghanistan, stating, ‘‘It’s all working to and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the At the end, add the following: achieve a political reconciliation, not a mili- House of Representatives a report reviewing SEC. 2. REPORT ON RISKS POSED BY CEASING tary victory. The victory will be a political educational materials published by Saudi SAUDI ARABIA SUPPORT OPER- ATIONS. reconciliation.’’ Arabia’s Ministry of Education that are used Not later than 90 days after the date of the (7) Over the past 17 years, the mission of in schools both inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and at schools throughout the world. enactment of this joint resolution, the Presi- the United States has evolved to include a (b) CONSULTATION.—Not later than 30 days dent shall submit to Congress a report as- prolonged nation-building effort in Afghani- after the submission of a report under sub- sessing the risks posed to United States citi- stan. section (a), the Secretary of State shall con- zens and the civilian population of the King- (8) Such nation-building efforts in Afghani- sult with the Committee on Foreign Rela- dom of Saudi Arabia and the risk of regional stan are undermined by endemic corruption, tions of the Senate and the Committee on humanitarian crises if the United States high illiteracy, tribal fractions, and a his- Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa- were to cease support operations with re- toric aversion to a strong central govern- tives on the contents of the report. spect to the conflict between the Saudi-led ment in that country. (c) ELEMENTS.—The report required under coalition and the Houthis in Yemen. (9) The United States Government will subsection (a) shall include the following ele- continue to support the development of Af- ments: SA 4091. Mr. CORNYN submitted an ghanistan with a strong diplomatic and (1) A detailed determination regarding amendment intended to be proposed by counterterrorism presence in the region. whether all intolerant content has been re- him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of moved from educational materials published to direct the removal of United States Congress that— by Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Education Armed Forces from hostilities in the (1) the President should complete the tran- that are used in schools both inside the sition of the responsibility for military and Saudi Arabia and at schools throughout the Republic of Yemen that have not been security operations in Afghanistan to the world, including full quotations of all pas- authorized by Congress; which was or- Government of Afghanistan by September 18, sages that could be seen as encouraging vio- dered to lie on the table; as follows: 2021, the 20th anniversary of the enactment lence or intolerance towards adherents of re- At the end, add the following: of Public Law 107–40, the Authorization for ligions other than Islam or towards Muslims SEC. 2. REPORT ON INCREASED RISK OF TER- Use of Military Force against those respon- who hold dissenting views. RORIST ATTACKS TO UNITED sible for the attacks on September 11, 2001, (2) A detailed assessment of the global ex- STATES FORCES ABROAD, ALLIES, in conjunction with efforts by Special Rep- portation of such materials, including the AND THE CONTINENTAL UNITED resentative for Afghanistan Reconciliation extent to which such materials are used in STATES IF SAUDI ARABIA CEASES Zalmay Khalilzad to seek a durable peace be- RELATED INTELLIGENCE SHARING privately funded educational institutions tween the Government of Afghanistan and overseas. OPERATIONS. Not later than 90 days after the date of the the Taliban; (3) A detailed summary of actions the Gov- (2) reflecting press reports that the Presi- ernment of Saudi Arabia has taken to re- enactment of this joint resolution, the Presi- dent shall submit to Congress a report as- dent seeks to end the United States military trieve and destroy materials with intolerant engagement in Afghanistan by 2020, the material. sessing the increased risk of terrorist at- tacks on United States Armed Forces President should devise a plan based on in- (4) A detailed assessment of the efforts of puts from Special Representative Khalilzad, the Government of Saudi Arabia to revise abroad, allies, and to the continental United States if the Government of Saudi Arabia military commanders, North Atlantic Treaty teacher manuals and retrain teachers to re- Organization (NATO) member countries, and flect changes in educational materials and were to cease related intelligence sharing op- erations with the United States. other allies in Afghanistan, and appropriate promote tolerance. members of the Cabinet, along with the con- (5) A detailed determination regarding SA 4092. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an sultation of Congress, for completing the whether issuing a waiver regarding Saudi drawdown of United States combat troops in Arabia as a country of particular concern amendment intended to be proposed by him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, Afghanistan and accelerating the transfer of under the International Religious Freedom security authority to Afghan authorities; Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–292) furthers the to direct the removal of United States and purposes of such Act or is otherwise in the Armed Forces from hostilities in the (3) not later than 90 days after the date of important national security interests of the Republic of Yemen that have not been the enactment of this Act, the President United States. authorized by Congress; which was or- should submit to Congress a report— (d) DURATION OF REPORTING REQUIRE- dered to lie on the table; as follows: (A) assessing progress made on the battle- MENT.— At the end, add the following: field in Afghanistan since the announcement (1) TERMINATION BEFORE 10 YEARS.—If, at of the President’s New South Asia Strategy any time after submission of a report re- SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TRANSITION OF MILITARY AND SECURITY OPER- and the increase in United States troops; quired under subsection (a) but before the ex- (B) assessing efforts by Special Represent- piration of the 10-year period referred to in ATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN. (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- ative Khalilzad to foster a durable peace such subsection, the Secretary of State de- agreement between the Government of Af- termines that intolerant religious content lowing findings: (1) After al Qaeda attacked the United ghanistan and the Taliban; and has been removed completely from Saudi (C) including a plan for the complete tran- Arabia’s education materials, the require- States on September 11, 2001, the United States Government rightly sought to bring sition of all military and security operations ment to submit any remaining reports under in Afghanistan to the Government of Af- such subsection shall not apply. to justice those who attacked us, to elimi- nate al Qaeda’s safe havens and training ghanistan. (2) CONTINUATION AFTER 10 YEARS.—If at the camps in Afghanistan. end of the 10-year period referred to in sub- SA 4093. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an section (a), the Secretary of State deter- (2) Members of the Armed Forces, intel- mines that intolerant religious content re- ligence personnel, and diplomatic corps have amendment intended to be proposed by mains in Saudi Arabia’s education materials, skillfully achieved these objectives, culmi- him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, the termination of the requirement to sub- nating in the death of Osama bin Laden. to direct the removal of United States mit reports under such subsection shall not (3) Operation Enduring Freedom is now the Armed Forces from hostilities in the apply and the reports shall be submitted for longest military operation in United States Republic of Yemen that have not been an additional five years. history, and United States involvement in Afghanistan has exceeded $1,000,000,000,000 in authorized by Congress; which was or- (e) FORM.—Reports under this section shall dered to lie on the table; as follows: be submitted in unclassified form, but may costs to the United States taxpayer and con- contain a classified annex. tinues to cost taxpayers over $45,000,000,000 a On page 4, line 13, insert ‘‘, which includes (f) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 60 days year. blocking any arms sales to Saudi Arabia for after submission of a report required under (4) Members of the United States Armed any item designated as a Category III, IV, subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall Forces have served in Afghanistan valiantly VII or VIII item on the United States Muni- make copies of reviewed Saudi educational and with honor, and many have sacrificed tions List (USML) pursuant to section materials publicly available on a website of their lives and health in service to their 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 the Department of State. country; U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)),’’.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.058 S12DEPT1 S7518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 SA 4094. Mr. CORNYN submitted an (ii) selected by the Secretary, in consulta- Oklahoma and Texas and consented to by amendment intended to be proposed by tion with— Congress pursuant to Public Law 106–288 (114 him to the bill S. 90, to survey the gra- (I) the Texas General Land Office; Stat. 919); dient boundary along the Red River in (II) the Oklahoma Commissioners of the (4) creates or reinstates any Indian res- the States of Oklahoma and Texas, and Land Office, in consultation with the attor- ervation or any portion of such a reserva- ney general of the State of Oklahoma; and tion; for other purposes; which was ordered (III) each affected federally recognized In- (5) modifies any interest or any property or to lie on the table; as follows: dian Tribe; and trust rights of any individual Indian allot- Strike all after the enacting clause and in- (D) subject to the availability of appropria- tee; or sert the following: tions, be completed not later than 2 years (6) alters any valid right of the State of SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. after the date of enactment of this Act. Oklahoma or the Kiowa, Comanche, or This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Red River (b) APPROVAL OF THE BOUNDARY SURVEY.— Apache Indian tribes to the mineral interest Gradient Boundary Survey Act’’. (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days trust fund established under the Act of June SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. after the date on which the survey or a por- 12, 1926 (44 Stat. 740, chapter 572). In this Act: tion of the survey under subsection (a)(1) is SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. (1) AFFECTED AREA.— completed, the Secretary shall submit the There is authorized to be appropriated to (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘affected area’’ survey for approval to— the Secretary to carry out this Act $1,000,000. means land along the approximately 116-mile (A) the Texas General Land Office; stretch of the Red River, from its confluence (B) the Oklahoma Commissioners of the SA 4095. Mr. CORNYN submitted an with the north fork of the Red River on the Land Office, in consultation with the attor- amendment intended to be proposed by West to the 98th meridian on the east. ney general of the State of Oklahoma; and him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘affected area’’ (C) each affected federally recognized In- to direct the removal of United States does not include the portion of the Red River dian Tribe. Armed Forces from hostilities in the within the boundary depicted on the survey (2) TIMING OF APPROVAL.—Not later than 60 Republic of Yemen that have not been prepared by the Bureau of Land Management days after the date on which each of the entitled ‘‘Township 5 South, Range 14 West, Texas General Land Office, the Oklahoma authorized by Congress; which was or- of the Indian Meridian, Oklahoma, Depend- Commissioners of the Land Office, in con- dered to lie on the table; as follows: ent Resurvey and Survey’’ and dated Feb- sultation with the attorney general of the At the end, add the following: ruary 28, 2006. State of Oklahoma, and each affected feder- SEC. 2. REPORT ON INCREASED RISK OF TER- (2) GRADIENT BOUNDARY SURVEY METHOD.— ally recognized Indian Tribe notify the Sec- RORIST ATTACKS TO UNITED The term ‘‘gradient boundary survey meth- retary of the approval of the boundary sur- STATES FORCES ABROAD, ALLIES, od’’ means the measurement technique used vey or a portion of the survey by the applica- AND THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES IF SAUDI ARABIA CEASES to locate the South Bank boundary line in ble office or federally recognized Indian accordance with the methodology estab- YEMEN-RELATED INTELLIGENCE Tribe, the Secretary shall determine whether SHARING WITH THE UNITED STATES. lished in Oklahoma v. Texas, 261 U.S. 340 to approve the survey or portion of the sur- Not later than 90 days after the date of the (1923) (recognizing that the boundary line vey, subject to paragraph (4). enactment of this joint resolution, the Presi- along the Red River is subject to change due (3) SUBMISSION OF PORTIONS OF SURVEY FOR dent shall submit to Congress a report as- to erosion and accretion). APPROVAL.—As portions of the survey are sessing the increased risk of terrorist at- (3) LANDOWNER.—The term ‘‘landowner’’ completed, the Secretary may submit the tacks on United States Armed Forces means any individual, group, association, completed portions of the survey for ap- abroad, allies, and to the continental United corporation, federally recognized Indian proval under paragraph (1). States if the Government of Saudi Arabia tribe or member of such an Indian tribe, or (4) WRITTEN APPROVAL.—The Secretary were to cease Yemen-related intelligence other private or governmental legal entity shall only approve the survey, or a portion of sharing with the United States. that owns an interest in land in the affected the survey, that has the written approval of area. each of— SA 4096. Mr. CORNYN submitted an (4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ (A) the Texas General Land Office; amendment intended to be proposed by means the Secretary of the Interior, acting (B) the Oklahoma Commissioners of the through the Director of the Bureau of Land him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, Land Office, in consultation with the attor- to direct the removal of United States Management. ney general of the State of Oklahoma; and (5) SOUTH BANK.—The term ‘‘South Bank’’ Armed Forces from hostilities in the (C) each affected federally recognized In- means the water-washed and relatively per- Republic of Yemen that have not been dian Tribe. manent elevation or acclivity (commonly authorized by Congress; which was or- known as a ‘‘cut bank’’) along the southerly SEC. 4. SURVEY OF INDIVIDUAL PARCELS. Surveys of individual parcels in the af- dered to lie on the table; as follows: or right side of the Red River that— At the end, add the following: (A) separates the bed of that river from the fected area shall be conducted in accordance SEC. 2. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING adjacent upland, whether valley or hill; and with the boundary survey approved under section 3(b). CONTINUED MILITARY OPERATIONS (B) usually serves, as specified in the fifth AND COOPERATION WITH ISRAEL SEC. 5. NOTICE AND AVAILABILITY OF SURVEY. paragraph of Oklahoma v. Texas, 261 U.S. 340 AND REGIONAL ALLIES. (1923)— Not later than 60 days after the date on Nothing in this joint resolution shall be (i) to confine the waters within the bed; which the boundary survey is approved under construed to influence or disrupt any mili- and section 3(b), the Secretary shall— tary operations and cooperation with Israel (ii) to preserve the course of the river. (1) publish notice of the approval of the (6) SOUTH BANK BOUNDARY LINE.—The term survey in— SA 4097. Mr. COTTON submitted an ‘‘South Bank boundary line’’ means the (A) the Federal Register; and amendment intended to be proposed by boundary, with respect to title and owner- (B) 1 or more local newspapers; and him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, ship, between the States of Oklahoma and (2) on request, furnish to any landowner a copy of— to direct the removal of United States Texas identified through the gradient bound- Armed Forces from hostilities in the ary survey method that does not impact or (A) the survey; and alter the permanent political boundary line (B) any field notes relating to— Republic of Yemen that have not been between the States along the Red River, as (i) the individual parcel of the landowner; authorized by Congress; which was or- outlined under article II, section B of the or dered to lie on the table; as follows: Red River Boundary Compact enacted by the (ii) any individual parcel adjacent to the On page 4, line 16, insert after ‘‘associated States and consented to by Congress pursu- individual parcel of the landowner. forces’’ the following: ‘‘ or involved in the ant to Public Law 106–288 (114 Stat. 919). SEC. 6. EFFECT OF ACT. provision of materials and advice intended to SEC. 3. SURVEY OF SOUTH BANK BOUNDARY Nothing in this Act— reduce civilian casualties or further enable LINE. (1) modifies any interest of the State of adherence to the Law of Armed Conflict’’. (a) SURVEY REQUIRED.— Oklahoma or Texas, or the sovereignty, (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall com- property, or trust rights of any federally rec- SA 4098. Mr. COTTON submitted an mission a survey to identify the South Bank ognized Indian Tribe, relating to land lo- amendment intended to be proposed by boundary line in the affected area. cated north of the South Bank boundary him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, (2) REQUIREMENTS.—The survey shall— line, as established by the survey; to direct the removal of United States (A) adhere to the gradient boundary survey (2) modifies any land patented under the Armed Forces from hostilities in the method; Act of December 22, 1928 (45 Stat. 1069, chap- (B) span the length of the affected area; ter 47; 43 U.S.C. 1068) (commonly known as Republic of Yemen that have not been (C) be conducted by 1 or more independent the ‘‘Color of Title Act’’), before the date of authorized by Congress; which was or- third-party surveyors that are— enactment of this Act; dered to lie on the table; as follows: (i) licensed and qualified to conduct offi- (3) modifies or supersedes the Red River On page 4, line 16, insert after ‘‘associated cial gradient boundary surveys; and Boundary Compact enacted by the States of forces,’’ the following: ‘‘or to support efforts

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to disrupt Houthi attacks against locations (B) INAPPLICABILITY OF NATIONAL EMER- SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. outside of Yemen, such as ballistic missile GENCY REQUIREMENT.—The requirements of It is the sense of Congress that the United attacks, unmanned aerial vehicle attacks, section 202 of the International Emergency States Government’s efforts at atrocity pre- maritime attacks against United States or Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall vention and response through interagency international vessels, or terrorist attacks not apply for purposes of this subsection. coordination, such as the Atrocities Preven- against civilian targets,’’. (2) INADMISSIBILITY TO UNITED STATES.—In tion Board (referred to in this Act as the the case of a foreign person who is an indi- ‘‘Board’’) or successor entity are critically SA 4099. Mr. MERKLEY submitted an vidual— important, and that appropriate officials of amendment intended to be proposed by (A) ineligibility to receive a visa to enter the United States Government should— him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, the United States or to be admitted to the (1) meet regularly to monitor develop- to direct the removal of United States United States; or ments throughout the world that heighten (B) if the individual has been issued a visa the risk of atrocities; Armed Forces from hostilities in the (2) identify any gaps in United States for- Republic of Yemen that have not been or other documentation, revocation, in ac- cordance with section 221(i) of the Immigra- eign policy concerning regions or particular authorized by Congress; which was or- tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), of countries related to atrocity prevention and dered to lie on the table; as follows: the visa or other documentation. response; On page 4, line 14, insert ‘‘including by (c) EXCEPTIONS.— (3) facilitate the development and imple- blocking any arms sales to Saudi Arabia for (1) IMPORTATION OF GOODS.—The require- mentation of policies to enhance the capac- any item designated as a Category III, IV, ment to impose sanctions under subsection ity of the United States to prevent and re- VII or VIII item on the United States Muni- (b)(1) shall not include the authority to im- spond to atrocities worldwide; tions List (USML) pursuant to section pose sanctions with respect to the importa- (4) provide the President and Congress with 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 tion of goods. recommendations to improve policies, pro- grams, resources, and tools related to atroc- U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)),’’ after ‘‘Yemen,’’. (2) COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLI- ity prevention and response; GATIONS.—Subsection (b)(2) shall not apply SA 4100. Mr. VAN HOLLEN sub- with respect to the admission of an alien to (5) conduct outreach, including consulta- tions, not less frequently than biannually, mitted an amendment intended to be the United States if such admission is nec- with representatives of nongovernmental or- proposed by him to the joint resolution essary to comply with United States obliga- ganizations and civil society dedicated to tions under the Agreement between the S.J. Res. 54, to direct the removal of atrocity prevention and response; United Nations and the United States of United States Armed Forces from hos- (6) operate with regular consultation and America regarding the Headquarters of the tilities in the Republic of Yemen that participation of designated interagency rep- United Nations, signed at Lake Success June have not been authorized by Congress; resentatives of relevant Federal agencies, ex- 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, ecutive departments, or offices; and which was ordered to lie on the table; 1947, under the Convention on Consular Rela- (7) ensure resources are made available for as follows: tions, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and en- the policies, programs, and tools related to At the end add the following: tered into force March 19, 1967, or under atrocity prevention and response. SEC. 2. REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVIL NUCLEAR CO- other international agreements. SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. OPERATION AGREEMENTS WITH THE (d) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— It shall be the policy of the United States KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may Any United States-Saudi Arabia civilian exercise all authorities provided under sec- to— nuclear cooperation agreement under section tions 203 and 205 of the International Emer- (1) regard the prevention of atrocities as in 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 its national interest; U.S.C. 2153) concluded after the date of the and 1704) to carry out this section. (2) work with partners and allies, including to build their capacity, and enhance the ca- enactment of this joint resolution shall— (2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at- (1) prohibit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or pacity of the United States, to identify, pre- from enriching uranium or separating pluto- causes a violation of subsection (b)(1) or any vent, and respond to the causes of atrocities, nium on Saudi Arabian territory; and regulation, license, or order issued to carry including insecurity, mass displacement, (2) require the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to out that subsection shall be subject to the violent conflict, and other conditions that bring into force the Additional Protocol with penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) may lead to such atrocities; and the International Atomic Energy Agency. of section 206 of the International Emer- (3) pursue a United States Government- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) wide strategy to identify, prevent, and re- SA 4101. Mr. VAN HOLLEN sub- to the same extent as a person that commits spond to the risk of atrocities by— mitted an amendment intended to be an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of (A) strengthening the diplomatic, risk proposed by him to the joint resolution that section. analysis and monitoring, strategic planning, early warning, and response capacities of the S.J. Res. 54, to direct the removal of (e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: Government; United States Armed Forces from hos- (1) ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms ‘‘admit- ted’’ and ‘‘alien’’ have the meanings given (B) improving the use of foreign assistance tilities in the Republic of Yemen that to respond early, effectively, and urgently in have not been authorized by Congress; those terms in section 101 of the Immigra- tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). order to address the causes of atrocities; which was ordered to lie on the table; (C) strengthening diplomatic response and (2) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign as follows: person’’ means a person that is not a United the effective use of foreign assistance to sup- At the end, add the following: States person. port appropriate transitional justice meas- ures, including criminal accountability, for SEC. 2. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RE- (3) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term SPECT TO PERSONS RESPONSIBLE ‘‘United States person’’ means— past atrocities; FOR KILLING OF JAMAL (A) a United States citizen or an alien law- (D) supporting and strengthening local KHASHOGGI. fully admitted for permanent residence to civil society, including human rights defend- (a) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of the United States; or ers and others working to help prevent and the enactment of this Act, the President (B) an entity organized under the laws of respond to atrocities; shall impose the sanctions described in sub- the United States or any jurisdiction within (E) promoting financial transparency and section (b) with respect to any foreign person the United States, including a foreign branch enhancing anti-corruption initiatives as part the Director of the Central Intelligence of such an entity. of addressing causes of conditions that may Agency assesses, with high confidence, be- lead to atrocities; and fore, on, or after such date of enactment, is SA 4102. Mr. GARDNER (for Mr. (F) employing a variety of unilateral, bi- responsible for, or complicit in ordering, lateral, and multilateral means to prevent CARDIN) proposed an amendment to the controlling, or otherwise directing, the and respond to atrocities by— extrajudicial killing of Jamal Khashoggi. bill S. 1158, to help prevent acts of (i) placing a high priority on timely, pre- (b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions genocide and other atrocity crimes, ventive diplomatic efforts; and to be imposed under subsection (a) with re- which threaten national and inter- (ii) exercising leadership in promoting spect to a foreign person are the following: national security, by enhancing United international efforts to prevent atrocities. (1) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.— States Government capacities to pre- SEC. 4. TRAINING OF FOREIGN SERVICE OFFI- (A) IN GENERAL.—The blocking, in accord- vent, mitigate, and respond to such cri- CERS IN CONFLICT AND ATROCITIES ance with the International Emergency Eco- PREVENTION. nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), of ses; as follows: Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act of all transactions in all property and interests Strike all after the enacting clause, and in- 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended in subsection in property of the foreign person if such sert the following: (a)(1)— property and interests in property are in the SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ United States, come within the United This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Elie Wiesel at the end; States, or are or come within the possession Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the pe- or control of a United States person. 2018’’. riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.062 S12DEPT1 S7520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 (3) by adding at the end the following new ommendations to prevent and respond to ‘‘(E) evidence-based practices related to subparagraph: atrocities produced by civil society, aca- care and treatment for individuals with con- ‘‘(D) for Foreign Service Officers who will demic, and other nongovernmental organiza- genital heart disease. be assigned to a country experiencing or at tions and institutions. ‘‘(2) PERMISSIBLE CONSIDERATIONS.—In car- risk of mass atrocities, as determined by the (c) AVAILABILITY TO CONGRESS.—The report rying out the activities under this section, Secretary of State, in consultation with the required by subsection (a) shall be made the Secretary may, as appropriate— Director of National Intelligence and rel- available to all members of Congress. ‘‘(A) collect data on the health outcomes, evant civil society organizations, instruction SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. including behavioral and mental health out- on recognizing patterns of escalation and In this Act— comes, of a diverse population of individuals early warning signs of potential atrocities, (1) the term ‘‘genocide’’ means an offense of all ages with congenital heart disease, and methods of preventing and responding to under subsection (a) of section 1091 of title such that analysis of the outcomes will in- atrocities, including conflict assessment 18, United States Code; form evidence-based practices for individuals methods, peacebuilding, mediation for pre- (2) the term ‘‘atrocities’’ means war with congenital heart disease; and vention, early action and response, and ap- crimes, crimes against humanity, and geno- ‘‘(B) consider health disparities among in- propriate transitional justice measures to cide; dividuals with congenital heart disease, address atrocities.’’. (3) the term ‘‘transitional justice’’ means which may include the consideration of pre- SEC. 5. REPORTS. the range of judicial, nonjudicial, formal, in- natal exposures. (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days formal, retributive, and restorative measures ‘‘(c) AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary after the date of the enactment of this Act employed by countries transitioning out of may carry out awareness and educational ac- and annually thereafter for the following six armed conflict or repressive regimes to re- tivities related to congenital heart disease in years, the President shall transmit to the dress legacies of atrocities and to promote individuals of all ages, which may include in- Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Com- long-term, sustainable peace; and formation for patients, family members, and mittee on Appropriations of the House of (4) the term ‘‘war crime’’ has the meaning health care providers, on topics such as the Representatives and the Committee on For- given the term in section 2441(c) of title 18, prevalence of such disease, the effect of such eign Relations and the Committee on Appro- United States Code. disease on individuals of all ages, and the im- priations of the Senate a report, with a clas- SEC. 7. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. portance of long-term, specialized care for sified annex if necessary, that includes— Nothing in this Act shall be construed as individuals with such disease. (1) a review, in consultation with appro- authorizing the use of military force. ‘‘(d) PUBLIC ACCESS.—The Secretary shall priate interagency representatives, including ensure that, subject to subsection (e), infor- the Board, consisting of a detailed descrip- SA 4103. Mr. GARDNER (for Mr. DUR- mation collected under this section is made tion of— BIN (for himself and Mr. YOUNG)) pro- available, as appropriate, to the public, in- (A) current efforts to prevent and respond posed an amendment to the bill H.R. cluding researchers. ‘‘(e) PATIENT PRIVACY.—The Secretary to atrocities, based on United States and lo- 1222, to amend the Public Health Serv- cally identified indicators, including an shall ensure that the data and information ice Act to coordinate Federal con- collected under this section are made avail- analysis of capacities and constraints for genital heart disease research efforts interagency detection, early warning and re- able in a manner that, at a minimum, pro- sponse, information-sharing, contingency and to improve public education and tects personal privacy to the extent required planning, and coordination; awareness of congenital heart disease, by applicable Federal and State law. (B) recommendations to further strengthen and for other purposes; as follows: ‘‘(f) ELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS.—To be eligi- ble to receive a grant under subsection (a)(3), United States capabilities described in sub- Strike all after the enacting clause and in- an entity shall— paragraph (A); sert the following: (C) funding expended by relevant Federal ‘‘(1) be a public or private nonprofit entity SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. with specialized experience in congenital departments and agencies on atrocities pre- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Congenital vention activities, including appropriate heart disease; and Heart Futures Reauthorization Act of 2017’’. ‘‘(2) submit to the Secretary an application transitional justice measures and the legal, SEC. 2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE procedural, and resource constraints faced at such time, in such manner, and con- RESEARCH, SURVEILLANCE, AND taining such information as the Secretary by the Department of State and the United AWARENESS. may require. States Agency for International Develop- Section 399V–2 of the Public Health Service ment throughout respective budgeting, stra- ‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— Act (42 U.S.C. 280g–13) is amended to read as To carry out this section, there are author- tegic planning, and management cycles re- follows: garding support for atrocity prevention ac- ized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of ‘‘SEC. 399V–2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART fiscal years 2020 through 2024.’’. tivities; DISEASE RESEARCH, SURVEIL- (D) a global assessment of ongoing atroc- LANCE, AND AWARENESS. SEC. 3. REPORT. ities, including the findings of such assess- ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, as Not later than 3 years after the date of en- ment and, where relevant, the efficacy of any appropriate— actment of the Congenital Heart Futures Re- steps taken by the Board or relevant Federal ‘‘(1) enhance and expand research and data authorization Act of 2017, the Secretary of agency to respond to such atrocities; collection efforts related to congenital heart Health and Human Services shall submit to (E) countries and regions at risk of atroc- disease, including to study and track the epi- the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, ities, including a description of specific risk demiology of congenital heart disease to un- and Pensions of the Senate and the Com- factors, at-risk groups, and likely scenarios derstand health outcomes for individuals mittee on Energy and Commerce of the in which atrocities would occur; and with congenital heart disease across all ages; House of Representatives a report summa- (F) the atrocities prevention training for ‘‘(2) conduct activities to improve public rizing any activities carried out pursuant to Foreign Service officers authorized under awareness of, and education related to, con- section 399V–2 of the Public Health Service subparagraph (D) of section 708(a)(1) of the genital heart disease, including care of indi- Act (as amended by section 2), including Foreign Service Act of 1980, as added by sec- viduals with such disease; and planned activities, and a summary of any re- tion 4; ‘‘(3) award grants to entities to undertake search findings and ongoing research efforts, (2) recommendations to ensure shared re- the activities described in this section. gaps, and areas of greatest need within the sponsibility by— ‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES.— Department of Health and Human Services (A) enhancing multilateral mechanisms for ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall regarding congenital heart disease in pa- preventing atrocities, including strength- carry out activities, including, as appro- tients of all ages. ening the role of international organizations priate, through a national cohort study and and international financial institutions in a nationally-representative, population- SA 4104. Mr. GARDNER (for Ms. COL- conflict prevention, mitigation, and re- based surveillance system, to improve the LINS) proposed an amendment to the sponse; and understanding of the epidemiology of con- bill S. 2076, to amend the Public Health (B) strengthening relevant regional organi- genital heart disease in all age groups, with Service Act to authorize the expansion zations; particular attention to— of activities related to Alzheimer’s dis- (3) the implementation status of the rec- ‘‘(A) the incidence and prevalence of con- ease, cognitive decline, and brain ommendations contained in the previous re- genital heart disease in the United States; health under the Alzheimer’s Disease view required by this section; and ‘‘(B) causation and risk factors associated (4) identification of the Federal agencies with, and natural history of, congenital and Healthy Aging Program, and for and civil society, academic, and nongovern- heart disease; other purposes; as follows: mental organizations and institutions con- ‘‘(C) health care utilization by individuals Beginning on page 28, line 23, strike ‘‘year sulted for preparation of such report. with congenital heart disease; for—’’ and all that follows through line 9 on (b) CONSIDERATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— ‘‘(D) demographic factors associated with page 29, and insert the following: ‘‘ ‘year for The preparation of the report required by congenital heart disease, such as age, race, a health department of a State, political sub- subsection (a) shall include a consideration ethnicity, sex, and family history of individ- division of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal of analysis, reporting, and policy rec- uals who are diagnosed with the disease; and organization (including those located in a

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.063 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7521 rural area or frontier area), if the Secretary ate on Wednesday, December 12, 2018, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- determines that applying such matching re- at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a hearing enti- tion is heard. quirement would result in serious hardship tled ‘‘Implications of China’s Presence The bill will be read for the second or an inability to carry out the purposes of and Investment in Africa.’’ time on the next legislative day. the cooperative agreement awarded to such health department of a State, political sub- SUBCOMMITTEE ON READINESS AND f division of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal MANAGEMENT SUPPORT IMPROVING THE INSPECTOR GEN- organization.’;’’. The Subcommittee on Readiness and ERAL PROCESS FOR LEGISLA- Management Support of the Com- TIVE BRANCH INSTRUMENTAL- SA 4105. Mr. SANDERS submitted an mittee on Armed Services is authorized ITIES ACT amendment intended to be proposed by to meet during the session of the Sen- him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 54, ate on Wednesday, December 12, 2018, Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask to direct the removal of United States at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a hearing enti- unanimous consent that the Senate Armed Forces from hostilities in the tled ‘‘United States Navy and Marine proceed to the immediate consider- Republic of Yemen that have not been Corps readiness.’’ ation of S. 3748, introduced earlier authorized by Congress; which was or- today. SUBCOMMITTEE ON READINESS AND The PRESIDING OFFICER. The dered to lie on the table; as follows: MANAGEMENT SUPPORT clerk will report the bill by title. At the end, add the following: The Subcommittee on Readiness and The senior assistant legislative clerk SEC. 2. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Management Support of the Com- read as follows: Nothing in this joint resolution may be mittee on Armed Services is authorized A bill (S. 3748) to amend the removal and construed as authorizing the use of military to meet during the session of the Sen- force against Iran. transfer procedures for the Inspectors Gen- ate on Wednesday, December 12, 2018, eral of the Library of Congress, the Office of f at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a hearing enti- the Architect of the Capitol, and the Govern- NOTICE OF INTENT TO OBJECT TO tled ‘‘U.S. force posture in the Indo-Pa- ment Publishing Office. PROCEEDING cific Region.’’ There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill. I, Senator RON WYDEN, intend to ob- SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- ject to proceeding to S. 2374, The Stop- The Subcommittee on National sent that the bill be considered read a ping Improper Payments to Deceased Parks of the Committee on Energy and third time and passed and that the mo- People Act, dated December 12, 2018. Natural Resources is authorized to meet during the session of the Senate tion to reconsider be considered made f on Thursday, December 06, 2018, at 10 and laid upon the table. AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO a.m., to conduct a hearing. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MEET objection, it is so ordered. f The bill (S. 3748) was ordered to be Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I engrossed for a third reading, was read have 8 requests for committees to meet PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR the third time, and passed, as follows: during today’s session of the Senate. Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I ask They have the approval of the Majority unanimous consent that Sean Tyler, a S. 3748 and Minority leaders. Defense fellow in Senator YOUNG’s of- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- fice, be granted floor privileges for the resentatives of the United States of America in Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph Congress assembled, remainder of the week. 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ate, the following committees are au- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Improving thorized to meet during today’s session objection, it is so ordered. the Inspector General Process for Legislative of the Senate: Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ask Branch Instrumentalities Act’’. COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS unanimous consent that my intern, SEC. 2. REMOVAL AND TRANSFER PROCEDURES The Committee on Indian Affairs is Adam Berry, be granted privileges of FOR THE INSPECTORS GENERAL OF the floor for the balance of the day. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, OFFICE authorized to meet during the session OF THE ARCHITECT OF THE CAP- of the Senate on Wednesday, December The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ITOL, AND GOVERNMENT PUB- 12, 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a hear- objection, it is so ordered. LISHING OFFICE. (a) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.—Paragraph (2) f ing entitled ‘‘Missing and Murdered: of section 1307(c) of the Legislative Branch Confronting the Silent Crisis in Indian APPOINTMENT Appropriations Act, 2006 (2 U.S.C. 185(c)) is Country.’’ amended to read as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ‘‘(2) REMOVAL OR TRANSFER.— Chair, pursuant to Public Law 115–254, The Committee on the Judiciary is ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Inspector General on behalf of the Majority Leader of the authorized to meet during the session may be removed from office, or transferred Senate, appoints the following indi- to another position within, or another loca- of the Senate on Wednesday, December vidual as a member of the Syria Study tion of, the Library of Congress, by the Li- 12, 2018, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing Group: Vance F. Serchuk, of New York. brarian of Congress. entitled ‘‘China’s Non-Traditional Es- ‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 30 days before pionage Against the United States.’’ f the Librarian of Congress removes or trans- COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY MEASURE READ THE FIRST fers the Inspector General under subpara- The Committee on the Judiciary is TIME—S. 3747 graph (A), the Librarian of Congress shall communicate in writing the reason for the authorized to meet during the session Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I un- removal or transfer to— of the Senate on Wednesday, December derstand there is a bill at the desk, and ‘‘(i) the Committee on House Administra- 12, 2018, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing I ask for its first reading. tion and the Committee on Appropriations of entitled ‘‘Oversight of the U.S. Securi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the House of Representatives; and ties and Exchange Commission.’’ clerk will read the title of the bill for ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE tration and the Committee on Appropria- the first time. tions of the Senate. The Select Committee on Intel- The senior assistant legislative clerk ‘‘(C) APPLICABILITY.—Nothing in this para- ligence is authorized to meet during read as follows: graph shall prohibit a personnel action (ex- the session of the Senate on Wednes- A bill (S. 3747) to provide for programs to cept for removal or transfer) that is other- day, December 12, 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to help reduce the risk that prisoners will wise authorized by law.’’. conduct a closed roundtable. recidivate upon release from prison, and for (b) OFFICE OF THE ARCHITECT OF THE CAP- ITOL.—Paragraph (2) of section 1301(c) of the SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS AND other purposes. Architect of the Capitol Inspector General CAPABILITIES Mr. GARDNER. I now ask for a sec- Act of 2007 (2 U.S.C. 1808(c)) is amended to The Subcommittee on Emerging ond reading, and in order to place the read as follows: Threats and Capabilities of the Com- bill on the calendar under the provi- ‘‘(2) REMOVAL OR TRANSFER.— mittee on Armed Services is authorized sions of rule XIV, I object to my own ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Inspector General to meet during the session of the Sen- request. may be removed from office, or transferred

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.063 S12DEPT1 S7522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 to another position within, or another loca- (2) identify any gaps in United States for- (3) by adding at the end the following new tion of, the Office of the Architect of the eign policy concerning regions or particular subparagraph: Capitol, by the Architect of the Capitol. countries related to atrocity prevention and ‘‘(D) for Foreign Service Officers who will ‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 30 days before response; be assigned to a country experiencing or at the Architect of the Capitol removes or (3) facilitate the development and imple- risk of mass atrocities, as determined by the transfers the Inspector General under sub- mentation of policies to enhance the capac- Secretary of State, in consultation with the paragraph (A), the Architect of the Capitol ity of the United States to prevent and re- Director of National Intelligence and rel- shall communicate in writing the reason for spond to atrocities worldwide; evant civil society organizations, instruction the removal or transfer to— (4) provide the President with rec- on recognizing patterns of escalation and ‘‘(i) the Committee on House Administra- ommendations to improve policies, pro- early warning signs of potential atrocities or tion and the Committee on Appropriations of grams, resources, and tools related to atroc- violence, including gender-based violence, the House of Representatives; and ity prevention and response; and methods of preventing and responding to ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- (5) conduct outreach, including consulta- atrocities, including conflict assessment tration and the Committee on Appropria- tions, not less frequently than biannually, methods, peacebuilding, mediation for pre- tions of the Senate. with representatives of nongovernmental or- vention, early action and response, and ap- ‘‘(C) APPLICABILITY.—Nothing in this para- ganizations and civil society dedicated to propriate transitional justice measures to graph shall prohibit a personnel action (ex- atrocity prevention and response; address atrocities.’’. cept for removal or transfer) that is other- (6) operate with regular consultation and SEC. 5. REPORTS. wise authorized by law.’’. participation of designated interagency rep- (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days (c) GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE.—Sec- resentatives of relevant Federal agencies, ex- after the date of the enactment of this Act tion 3902(b) of title 44, United States Code, is ecutive departments, or offices; and and annually thereafter for the following six amended to read as follows: (7) ensure resources are made available for years, the President shall transmit to the ‘‘(b)(1) The Inspector General may be re- the policies, programs, and tools related to Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House moved from office, or transferred to another atrocity prevention and response. of Representatives and the Committee on position within, or another location of, the SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. Foreign Relations of the Senate a report, Government Publishing Office, by the Direc- It shall be the policy of the United States with a classified annex if necessary, that in- tor of the Government Publishing Office. to— cludes— ‘‘(2) Not later than 30 days before the Di- (1) regard the prevention of genocide and (1) a review, in consultation with appro- rector removes or transfers the Inspector other atrocities as in its national security priate interagency representatives, con- General under paragraph (1), the Director interests; sisting of a detailed description of— shall communicate in writing the reason for (2) work with partners and allies to address (A) current efforts to prevent and respond the removal or transfer to— the root causes of insecurity and violent con- to situations of genocide, atrocities, and ‘‘(A) the Committee on House Administra- flict to prevent— other mass violence, such as gender-based vi- tion and the Committee on Appropriations of (A) the mass slaughter of civilians; olence and violence against religious and the House of Representatives; and (B) conditions that prompt internal dis- other minorities, based on United States and ‘‘(B) the Committee on Rules and Adminis- placement and the flow of refugees across locally identified indicators, including an tration and the Committee on Appropria- borders; and analysis of capacities and constraints for tions of the Senate. (C) other violence that wreaks havoc on re- interagency detection, early warning and re- ‘‘(3) Nothing in this subsection shall pro- gional stability and civilian populations; sponse, information-sharing, contingency hibit a personnel action (except for removal (3) enhance the capacity of the United planning, and coordination; or transfer) that is otherwise authorized by States to identify, prevent, address, and re- (B) recommendations to further strengthen law.’’. spond to the drivers of atrocities and violent United States capabilities described in sub- f conflict as part of the United States’ human- paragraph (A); itarian, development, and strategic inter- (C) funding expended by relevant Federal ELIE WIESEL GENOCIDE AND ests; and departments and agencies on atrocities pre- ATROCITIES PREVENTION ACT (4) pursue a Government-wide strategy to vention activities, including appropriate OF 2018 prevent and respond to the risk of genocide transitional justice measures and the legal, Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask and other atrocities by— procedural, and resource constraints faced unanimous consent that the Senate (A) strengthening the diplomatic, risk by the Department of State and the United proceed to the immediate consider- analysis and monitoring, strategic planning, States Agency for International Develop- early warning, and response capacities of the ment throughout respective budgeting, stra- ation of Calendar No. 489, S. 1158. Government; tegic planning, and management cycles to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (B) improving the use of foreign assistance support conflict and atrocities prevention clerk will report the bill by title. to respond early, effectively, and urgently in activities in countries identified to be at The senior assistant legislative clerk order to address the root causes and drivers risk of atrocities; read as follows: of violence, and systemic patterns of human (D) a current global assessment of sources A bill (S. 1158) to help prevent acts of geno- rights abuses and atrocities; of instability, conflict, and atrocities, the cide and other atrocity crimes, which threat- (C) strengthening diplomatic response and outcomes and findings of such assessments en national and international security, by the effective use of foreign assistance to sup- and, where relevant, a review of activities, enhancing United States Government capac- port appropriate transitional justice meas- and the efficacy of such activities, that the ities to prevent, mitigate, and respond to ures, including criminal accountability, for Board or successor entity undertook to re- such crises. past atrocities; spond to sources of instability, conflict, and (D) supporting and strengthening local atrocities; There being no objection, the Senate civil society, including human rights defend- (E) countries and regions at risk of atroc- proceeded to consider the bill, which ers and others working to help prevent and ities, including a description of most likely had been reported from the Committee respond to atrocities; pathways to violence, specific risk factors, on Foreign Relations, with an amend- (E) promoting financial transparency and and at-risk target groups; and ment to strike all after the enacting enhancing anti-corruption initiatives as part (F) the atrocities prevention training for clause and insert in lieu thereof the of addressing a root cause of insecurity; and Foreign Service officers authorized under following: (F) employing a variety of unilateral, bi- subparagraph (D) of section 708(a)(1) of the lateral, and multilateral means to prevent Foreign Service Act of 1980, as added by sec- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. and respond to conflicts and atrocities by— tion 4; This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Elie Wiesel (i) placing a high priority on timely, pre- (2) recommendations to ensure shared re- Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of ventive diplomatic efforts; and sponsibility by— 2018’’. (ii) exercising a leadership role in pro- (A) enhancing multilateral mechanisms for SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. moting international efforts to end crises preventing atrocities, including strength- It is the sense of Congress that the United and prevent atrocities. ening the role of international organizations States Government’s efforts at atrocity pre- SEC. 4. TRAINING OF FOREIGN SERVICE OFFI- and international financial institutions in vention and response through interagency CERS IN CONFLICT AND ATROCITIES conflict prevention, mitigation, and re- coordination, such as the Atrocities Preven- PREVENTION. sponse; and tion Board (referred to in this Act as the Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act of (B) strengthening regional organizations; ‘‘Board’’) or successor entity are critically 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended in subsection (3) the implementation status of the rec- important, and that appropriate officials of (a)(1)— ommendations contained in the previous re- the United States Government should— (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ view required by this section; and (1) meet regularly to monitor develop- at the end; (4) identification of the Federal depart- ments throughout the world that heighten (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the pe- ments and agencies and civil society, aca- the risk of atrocities; riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and demic, and nongovernmental organizations

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.015 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7523 and institutions consulted for preparation of (6) operate with regular consultation and the Board, consisting of a detailed descrip- such report. participation of designated interagency rep- tion of— (b) CONSIDERATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— resentatives of relevant Federal agencies, ex- (A) current efforts to prevent and respond The preparation of the report required by ecutive departments, or offices; and to atrocities, based on United States and lo- subsection (a) shall include a consideration (7) ensure resources are made available for cally identified indicators, including an of analysis, reporting, and policy rec- the policies, programs, and tools related to analysis of capacities and constraints for ommendations to prevent and respond to atrocity prevention and response. interagency detection, early warning and re- atrocities produced by civil society, aca- SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. sponse, information-sharing, contingency demic, and other nongovernmental organiza- It shall be the policy of the United States planning, and coordination; tions and institutions. to— (B) recommendations to further strengthen SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. (1) regard the prevention of atrocities as in United States capabilities described in sub- In this Act— its national interest; paragraph (A); (1) the term ‘‘genocide’’ means an offense (2) work with partners and allies, including (C) funding expended by relevant Federal under subsection (a) of section 1091 of title to build their capacity, and enhance the ca- departments and agencies on atrocities pre- 18, United States Code; pacity of the United States, to identify, pre- vention activities, including appropriate (2) the term ‘‘atrocities’’ means war vent, and respond to the causes of atrocities, transitional justice measures and the legal, crimes, crimes against humanity, or geno- including insecurity, mass displacement, procedural, and resource constraints faced cide; violent conflict, and other conditions that by the Department of State and the United (3) the term ‘‘transitional justice’’ means may lead to such atrocities; and States Agency for International Develop- the range of judicial, nonjudicial, formal, in- (3) pursue a United States Government- ment throughout respective budgeting, stra- formal, retributive, and restorative measures wide strategy to identify, prevent, and re- tegic planning, and management cycles re- employed by countries transitioning out of spond to the risk of atrocities by— garding support for atrocity prevention ac- armed conflict or repressive regimes to re- (A) strengthening the diplomatic, risk tivities; dress legacies of atrocities and to promote analysis and monitoring, strategic planning, (D) a global assessment of ongoing atroc- long-term, sustainable peace; and early warning, and response capacities of the ities, including the findings of such assess- (4) the term ‘‘war crime’’ has the meaning Government; ment and, where relevant, the efficacy of any given the term in section 2441(c) of title 18, (B) improving the use of foreign assistance steps taken by the Board or relevant Federal United States Code. to respond early, effectively, and urgently in agency to respond to such atrocities; SEC. 7. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. order to address the causes of atrocities; (E) countries and regions at risk of atroc- Nothing in this Act shall be construed as (C) strengthening diplomatic response and ities, including a description of specific risk authorizing the use of military force. the effective use of foreign assistance to sup- factors, at-risk groups, and likely scenarios Mr. GARDNER. I further ask unani- port appropriate transitional justice meas- in which atrocities would occur; and ures, including criminal accountability, for mous consent that the committee-re- (F) the atrocities prevention training for past atrocities; Foreign Service officers authorized under ported substitute amendment be with- (D) supporting and strengthening local drawn; that the Cardin substitute subparagraph (D) of section 708(a)(1) of the civil society, including human rights defend- Foreign Service Act of 1980, as added by sec- amendment, which is at the desk, be ers and others working to help prevent and tion 4; considered and agreed to; that the bill, respond to atrocities; (2) recommendations to ensure shared re- as amended, be read a third time and (E) promoting financial transparency and sponsibility by— passed; and that the motions to recon- enhancing anti-corruption initiatives as part (A) enhancing multilateral mechanisms for sider be considered made and laid upon of addressing causes of conditions that may preventing atrocities, including strength- the table with no intervening action or lead to atrocities; and ening the role of international organizations (F) employing a variety of unilateral, bi- and international financial institutions in debate. lateral, and multilateral means to prevent The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without conflict prevention, mitigation, and re- and respond to atrocities by— sponse; and objection, it is so ordered. (i) placing a high priority on timely, pre- The committee-reported substitute (B) strengthening relevant regional organi- ventive diplomatic efforts; and zations; amendment was withdrawn. (ii) exercising leadership in promoting (3) the implementation status of the rec- The amendment (No. 4102), in the na- international efforts to prevent atrocities. ommendations contained in the previous re- ture of a substitute, was agreed to as SEC. 4. TRAINING OF FOREIGN SERVICE OFFI- view required by this section; and follows: CERS IN CONFLICT AND ATROCITIES (4) identification of the Federal agencies PREVENTION. (Purpose: To make technical corrections) and civil society, academic, and nongovern- Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act of mental organizations and institutions con- Strike all after the enacting clause and in- 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended in subsection sert the following: (a)(1)— sulted for preparation of such report. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ (b) CONSIDERATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Elie Wiesel at the end; The preparation of the report required by Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the pe- subsection (a) shall include a consideration 2018’’. riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and of analysis, reporting, and policy rec- SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. (3) by adding at the end the following new ommendations to prevent and respond to It is the sense of Congress that the United subparagraph: atrocities produced by civil society, aca- States Government’s efforts at atrocity pre- ‘‘(D) for Foreign Service Officers who will demic, and other nongovernmental organiza- vention and response through interagency be assigned to a country experiencing or at tions and institutions. coordination, such as the Atrocities Preven- risk of mass atrocities, as determined by the (c) AVAILABILITY TO CONGRESS.—The report tion Board (referred to in this Act as the Secretary of State, in consultation with the required by subsection (a) shall be made ‘‘Board’’) or successor entity are critically Director of National Intelligence and rel- available to all members of Congress. important, and that appropriate officials of evant civil society organizations, instruction SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. the United States Government should— on recognizing patterns of escalation and In this Act— (1) meet regularly to monitor develop- early warning signs of potential atrocities, (1) the term ‘‘genocide’’ means an offense ments throughout the world that heighten and methods of preventing and responding to under subsection (a) of section 1091 of title the risk of atrocities; atrocities, including conflict assessment 18, United States Code; (2) identify any gaps in United States for- methods, peacebuilding, mediation for pre- (2) the term ‘‘atrocities’’ means war eign policy concerning regions or particular vention, early action and response, and ap- crimes, crimes against humanity, and geno- countries related to atrocity prevention and propriate transitional justice measures to cide; response; address atrocities.’’. (3) the term ‘‘transitional justice’’ means (3) facilitate the development and imple- SEC. 5. REPORTS. the range of judicial, nonjudicial, formal, in- mentation of policies to enhance the capac- (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days formal, retributive, and restorative measures ity of the United States to prevent and re- after the date of the enactment of this Act employed by countries transitioning out of spond to atrocities worldwide; and annually thereafter for the following six armed conflict or repressive regimes to re- (4) provide the President and Congress with years, the President shall transmit to the dress legacies of atrocities and to promote recommendations to improve policies, pro- Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Com- long-term, sustainable peace; and grams, resources, and tools related to atroc- mittee on Appropriations of the House of (4) the term ‘‘war crime’’ has the meaning ity prevention and response; Representatives and the Committee on For- given the term in section 2441(c) of title 18, (5) conduct outreach, including consulta- eign Relations and the Committee on Appro- United States Code. tions, not less frequently than biannually, priations of the Senate a report, with a clas- with representatives of nongovernmental or- sified annex if necessary, that includes— SEC. 7. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. ganizations and civil society dedicated to (1) a review, in consultation with appro- Nothing in this Act shall be construed as atrocity prevention and response; priate interagency representatives, including authorizing the use of military force.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.024 S12DEPT1 S7524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 The bill (S. 1158), as amended, was or- children, to support efforts to ensure that dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there dered to be engrossed for a third read- placed children have access to safe primary and further debate? ing, was read the third time, and secondary education; Hearing none, the question is, Shall passed. (2) work with donors to enhance training and the bill pass? capacity-building for the governments of coun- The bill (S. 1580), as amended, was f tries hosting significant numbers of displaced people to design, implement, and monitor pro- passed. PROTECTING GIRLS’ ACCESS TO Mr. GARDNER. Finally, I ask unani- EDUCATION IN VULNERABLE grams to effectively address barriers to such education; and mous consent that the motion to re- SETTINGS ACT (3) coordinate with the governments of coun- consider be considered made and laid Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask tries hosting significant numbers of displaced upon the table with no intervening ac- unanimous consent that the Senate people to— tion or debate. proceed to the immediate consider- (A) promote the inclusion of displaced chil- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ation of Calendar No. 530, S. 1580. dren into the educational systems of such coun- objection, it is so ordered. tries; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (B) in circumstances in which such inclusion f clerk will report the bill by title. is difficult, develop innovative approaches to CONGENITAL HEART FUTURES The senior assistant legislative clerk providing safe primary and secondary edu- REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2017 read as follows: cational opportunities, such as encouraging A bill (S. 1580) to enhance the trans- schools to permit children to be educated by ex- Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask parency, improve the coordination, and in- tending the hours of schooling or expanding the unanimous consent that the Senate tensify the impact of assistance to support number of teachers. proceed to the immediate consider- access to primary and secondary education SEC. 5. UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT ation of Calendar No. 555, H.R. 1222. for displaced children and persons, including EDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR DIS- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without women and girls, and for other purposes. PLACED CHILDREN. objection, it is so ordered. (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and The clerk will report the bill by title. There being no objection, the Senate the Administrator of the United States Agency proceeded to consider the bill, which for International Development are authorized to The senior assistant legislative clerk had been reported from the Committee prioritize and advance ongoing efforts to sup- read as follows: on Foreign Relations, with an amend- port programs that— A bill (H.R. 1222) to amend the Public ment to strike all after the enacting (1) provide safe primary and secondary edu- Health Service Act to coordinate Federal clause and insert in lieu thereof the cation for displaced children; congenital heart disease research efforts and following: (2) build the capacity of institutions in coun- to improve public education and awareness tries hosting displaced people to prevent dis- of congenital heart disease, and for other SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. crimination against displaced children, espe- purposes. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting cially displaced girls, who seek access to such There being no objection, the Senate Girls’ Access to Education in Vulnerable Set- education; and tings Act’’. proceeded to consider the bill, which (3) help increase the access of displaced chil- had been reported from the Committee SEC. 2. FINDINGS. dren, especially displaced girls, to educational, Congress finds the following: economic, and entrepreneurial opportunities, in- on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- (1) As of June 2018, more than 68,000,000 peo- cluding through the governmental authorities sions, with an amendment to strike all ple have been displaced by disasters and con- responsible for educational or youth services in after the enacting clause and insert in flicts around the world, the highest number re- such host countries. lieu thereof the following: corded since the end of World War II, of which (b) COORDINATION WITH MULTILATERAL ORGA- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. more than 25,000,000 people are refugees. NIZATIONS.—The Secretary and the Adminis- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Congenital (2) More than half of the population of refu- trator are authorized to coordinate with the Heart Futures Reauthorization Act of 2017’’. gees are children and, according to the United World Bank, appropriate agencies of the United SEC. 2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, nearly Nations, and other relevant multilateral organi- RESEARCH, SURVEILLANCE, AND 4,000,000 school-aged refugee children lack ac- zations to work with governments in other coun- AWARENESS. cess to primary education. tries to collect relevant data, disaggregated by Section 399V–2 of the Public Health Service (3) Education offers socioeconomic opportuni- age and gender, on the ability of displaced peo- Act (42 U.S.C. 280g–13) is amended to read as ties, psychological stability, and physical pro- ple to access education and participate in eco- follows: tection for displaced people, particularly for nomic activity, in order to improve the tar- ‘‘SEC. 399V–2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART DIS- women and girls, who might otherwise be vul- geting, monitoring, and evaluation of related as- EASE RESEARCH, SURVEILLANCE, nerable to severe forms of trafficking in persons sistance efforts. AND AWARENESS. (as such term is defined in section 103(9) of the (c) COORDINATION WITH PRIVATE SECTOR AND ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, as ap- Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS.—The Secretary propriate— U.S.C. 7102(9)), child marriage, sexual exploi- and the Administrator are authorized to work ‘‘(1) enhance and expand research and data tation, or economic disenfranchisement. with private sector and civil society organiza- collection efforts related to congenital heart dis- (4) Displaced children face considerable bar- tions to promote safe primary and secondary ease, including to study and track the epidemi- riers to accessing educational services and, be- education for displaced children. ology of congenital heart disease to understand cause the duration of such displacement is, on SEC. 6. REPORT. health outcomes for individuals with congenital heart disease across all ages; average, 26 years, such children may spend the The Secretary and the Administrator shall in- ‘‘(2) conduct activities to improve public entirety of their childhood without access to clude in the report required under section 7 of awareness of, and education related to, con- such services. the READ Act (division A of Public Law 115–56; genital heart disease, including care of individ- (5) Despite the rising need for educational 22 U.S.C. 2151c note) a description of any pri- services, as of 2016, less than two percent of hu- uals with such disease; and mary or secondary educational services sup- ‘‘(3) award grants to entities to undertake the manitarian aid was directed toward educational ported by programs for natural or manmade dis- services. activities described in this section. aster relief or response that specifically address ‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES.— SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. the needs of displaced girls. ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry It is the sense of Congress that— Mr. GARDNER. I further ask unani- out activities, including, as appropriate, (1) it is critical to ensure that children, par- through a national cohort study and a nation- ticularly girls, displaced by conflicts overseas mous consent that the committee-re- ally-representative, population-based surveil- are able to access educational services because ported substitute amendment be agreed lance system, to improve the understanding of such access can combat extremism and reduce to and the bill, as amended, be consid- the epidemiology of congenital heart disease in exploitation and poverty; and ered read a third time. all age groups, with particular attention to— (2) the educational needs of vulnerable women The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘(A) the incidence and prevalence of con- and girls should be considered in the design, im- objection, it is so ordered. genital heart disease in the United States; plementation, and evaluation of related United The committee-reported amendment ‘‘(B) causation and risk factors associated States foreign assistance policies and programs. in the nature of a substitute was with, and natural history of, congenital heart SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. agreed to. disease; It is the policy of the United States to— The bill was ordered to be engrossed ‘‘(C) health care utilization by individuals (1) partner with and encourage other coun- with congenital heart disease; tries, public and private multilateral institu- for a third reading and was read the ‘‘(D) demographic factors associated with con- tions, and nongovernmental and civil society or- third time. genital heart disease, such as age, race, eth- ganizations, including faith-based organizations Mr. GARDNER. I know of no further nicity, sex, and family history of individuals and organizations representing parents and debate on the bill. who are diagnosed with the disease; and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.080 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7525 ‘‘(E) evidence-based practices related to care SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘(1) be a public or private nonprofit entity and treatment for individuals with congenital This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Congenital with specialized experience in congenital heart disease. Heart Futures Reauthorization Act of 2017’’. heart disease; and ‘‘(2) PERMISSIBLE CONSIDERATIONS.—In car- SEC. 2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE ‘‘(2) submit to the Secretary an application rying out the activities under this section, the RESEARCH, SURVEILLANCE, AND at such time, in such manner, and con- Secretary may, as appropriate— AWARENESS. taining such information as the Secretary ‘‘(A) collect data on the health outcomes, in- Section 399V–2 of the Public Health Service may require. cluding behavioral and mental health outcomes, Act (42 U.S.C. 280g–13) is amended to read as ‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— of a diverse population of individuals of all ages follows: To carry out this section, there are author- with congenital heart disease, such that anal- ized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of ysis of the outcomes will inform evidence-based ‘‘SEC. 399V–2. NATIONAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE RESEARCH, SURVEIL- fiscal years 2020 through 2024.’’. practices for individuals with congenital heart LANCE, AND AWARENESS. SEC. 3. REPORT. disease; and ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, as ‘‘(B) consider health disparities among indi- Not later than 3 years after the date of en- appropriate— viduals with congenital heart disease, which actment of the Congenital Heart Futures Re- may include the consideration of prenatal expo- ‘‘(1) enhance and expand research and data authorization Act of 2017, the Secretary of sures. collection efforts related to congenital heart Health and Human Services shall submit to ‘‘(c) AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary disease, including to study and track the epi- the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, may carry out awareness and educational ac- demiology of congenital heart disease to un- and Pensions of the Senate and the Com- tivities related to congenital heart disease in in- derstand health outcomes for individuals mittee on Energy and Commerce of the dividuals of all ages, which may include infor- with congenital heart disease across all ages; House of Representatives a report summa- mation for patients, family members, and health ‘‘(2) conduct activities to improve public rizing any activities carried out pursuant to care providers, on topics such as the prevalence awareness of, and education related to, con- section 399V–2 of the Public Health Service of such disease, the effect of such disease on in- genital heart disease, including care of indi- Act (as amended by section 2), including dividuals of all ages, and the importance of viduals with such disease; and planned activities, and a summary of any re- long-term, specialized care for individuals with ‘‘(3) award grants to entities to undertake search findings and ongoing research efforts, such disease. the activities described in this section. gaps, and areas of greatest need within the ‘‘(d) PUBLIC ACCESS.—The Secretary shall en- ‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES.— Department of Health and Human Services sure that, subject to subsection (e), information ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall regarding congenital heart disease in pa- collected under this section is made available, as carry out activities, including, as appro- tients of all ages. appropriate, to the public, including research- priate, through a national cohort study and The amendment was ordered to be ers. a nationally-representative, population- engrossed, and the bill to be read a ‘‘(e) PATIENT PRIVACY.—The Secretary shall based surveillance system, to improve the third time. ensure that the data and information collected understanding of the epidemiology of con- The bill was read the third time. under this section are made available in a man- genital heart disease in all age groups, with ner that, at a minimum, protects personal pri- particular attention to— The bill (H.R. 1222), as amended, was vacy to the extent required by applicable Fed- ‘‘(A) the incidence and prevalence of con- passed. eral and State law. genital heart disease in the United States; f ‘‘(f) ELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS.—To be eligible ‘‘(B) causation and risk factors associated to receive a grant under subsection (a)(3), an with, and natural history of, congenital FEDERAL PERSONAL PROPERTY entity shall— heart disease; MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2018 ‘‘(1) be a public or private nonprofit entity ‘‘(C) health care utilization by individuals Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask with specialized experience in congenital heart with congenital heart disease; unanimous consent that the Senate disease; and ‘‘(D) demographic factors associated with ‘‘(2) submit to the Secretary an application at proceed to the immediate consider- congenital heart disease, such as age, race, such time, in such manner, and containing such ation of Calendar No. 621, S. 3031. ethnicity, sex, and family history of individ- information as the Secretary may require. uals who are diagnosed with the disease; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—To ‘‘(E) evidence-based practices related to clerk will report the bill by title. carry out this section, there are authorized to be The senior assistant legislative clerk appropriated such sums as may be necessary for care and treatment for individuals with con- each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.’’. genital heart disease. read as follows: ‘‘(2) PERMISSIBLE CONSIDERATIONS.—In car- SEC. 3. REPORT. A bill (S. 3031) to amend chapter 5 of title Not later than 3 years after the date of enact- rying out the activities under this section, 40, United States Code, to improve the man- ment of the Congenital Heart Futures Reauthor- the Secretary may, as appropriate— agement of Federal personal property. ‘‘(A) collect data on the health outcomes, ization Act of 2017, the Secretary of Health and There being no objection, the Senate Human Services shall submit to the Committee including behavioral and mental health out- comes, of a diverse population of individuals proceeded to consider the bill, which on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of had been reported from the Committee the Senate and the Committee on Energy and of all ages with congenital heart disease, Commerce of the House of Representatives a re- such that analysis of the outcomes will in- on Homeland Security and Govern- port summarizing any activities carried out pur- form evidence-based practices for individuals mental Affairs. suant to section 399V–2 of the Public Health with congenital heart disease; and Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- Service Act (as amended by section 2), including ‘‘(B) consider health disparities among in- sent that the bill be considered read a planned activities, and a summary of any re- dividuals with congenital heart disease, third time and passed and that the mo- which may include the consideration of pre- search findings and ongoing research efforts, tion to reconsider be considered made gaps, and areas of greatest need within the De- natal exposures. ‘‘(c) AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary and laid upon the table. partment of Health and Human Services regard- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ing congenital heart disease in patients of all may carry out awareness and educational ac- ages. tivities related to congenital heart disease in objection, it is so ordered. individuals of all ages, which may include in- The bill (S. 3031) was ordered to be Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- formation for patients, family members, and sent that the committee-reported sub- engrossed for a third reading, was read health care providers, on topics such as the the third time, and passed, as follows: stitute amendment be withdrawn, the prevalence of such disease, the effect of such S. 3031 Durbin substitute amendment at the disease on individuals of all ages, and the im- desk be agreed to, the bill, as amended, portance of long-term, specialized care for Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- be considered read a third time and individuals with such disease. resentatives of the United States of America in passed, and the motion to reconsider be ‘‘(d) PUBLIC ACCESS.—The Secretary shall Congress assembled, considered made and laid upon the ensure that, subject to subsection (e), infor- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. table with no intervening action or de- mation collected under this section is made This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Per- bate. available, as appropriate, to the public, in- sonal Property Management Act of 2018’’. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cluding researchers. SEC. 2. FEDERAL PERSONAL PROPERTY MANAGE- objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘(e) PATIENT PRIVACY.—The Secretary MENT. The committee-reported substitute shall ensure that the data and information (a) INVENTORY ASSESSING AND IDENTIFYING collected under this section are made avail- EXCESS PERSONAL PROPERTY.—Section 524(a) amendment was withdrawn. able in a manner that, at a minimum, pro- of title 40, United States Code, is amended— The amendment (No. 4103) was agreed tects personal privacy to the extent required (1) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ at to, as follows: by applicable Federal and State law. the end; (Purpose: In the nature of a substitute) ‘‘(f) ELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS.—To be eligi- (2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period Strike all after the enacting clause and in- ble to receive a grant under subsection (a)(3), at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and sert the following: an entity shall— (3) by adding at the end the following:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.025 S12DEPT1 S7526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 ‘‘(13) in accordance with guidance from the SEC. 2. PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH KNOWL- ‘‘(v) enhancing support to meet the needs of Administrator of General Services— EDGE AND AWARENESS OF ALZ- caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s dis- ‘‘(A) on an annual basis, conduct an inven- HEIMER’S DISEASE, COGNITIVE DE- ease and related dementias; tory and assessment of capitalized personal CLINE, AND BRAIN HEALTH UNDER THE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND ‘‘(vi) reducing health disparities related to the property to identify excess capitalized per- HEALTHY AGING PROGRAM. care and support of individuals with Alz- sonal property under its control, including Part K of title III of the Public Health Service heimer’s disease and related dementias; evaluating— Act (42 U.S.C. 280c et seq.) is amended— ‘‘(vii) supporting care planning and manage- ‘‘(i) the age and condition of the personal (1) in the part heading, by adding ‘‘AND ment for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease property; PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS FOR DEMEN- and related dementias; and ‘‘(ii) the extent to which the executive TIA’’ at the end; and ‘‘(viii) supporting other relevant activities agency utilizes the personal property; (2) in subpart II— identified by the Secretary or the Director of the ‘‘(iii) the extent to which the mission of (A) by striking the subpart heading and in- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as the executive agency is dependent on the serting the following: appropriate. personal property; and ‘‘Subpart II—Programs With Respect to Alz- ‘‘(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In awarding grants, ‘‘(iv) any other aspect of the personal prop- heimer’s Disease and Related Dementias’’; contracts, and cooperative agreements under erty that the Administrator determines is and this subsection, the Secretary shall consider, useful or necessary for the executive agency among other factors, whether the entity— to evaluate; and (B) by striking section 398A (42 U.S.C. 280c–4) and inserting the following: ‘‘(A) provides services to rural areas or other ‘‘(B) on a regular basis, conduct an inven- underserved populations; tory and assessment of accountable personal ‘‘SEC. 398A. PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH ‘‘(B) is able to build on an existing infrastruc- property under its control, including evalu- KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF ture of services and public health research; and ating— ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RE- LATED DEMENTIAS. ‘‘(C) has experience with providing care or ‘‘(i) the age and condition of the personal ‘‘(a) ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DE- caregiver support, or has experience conducting property; MENTIAS PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS OF EXCEL- research related to Alzheimer’s disease and re- ‘‘(ii) the extent to which the executive LENCE.— lated dementias. agency utilizes the personal property; ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordina- ‘‘(iii) the extent to which the mission of ‘‘(4) DISTRIBUTION OF AWARDS.—In awarding tion with the Director of the Centers for Disease the executive agency is dependent on the grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements Control and Prevention and the heads of other personal property; and under this subsection, the Secretary, to the ex- agencies as appropriate, shall award grants, ‘‘(iv) any other aspect of the personal prop- tent practicable, shall ensure equitable distribu- contracts, or cooperative agreements to eligible erty that the Administrator determines is tion of awards based on geographic area, in- entities, such as institutions of higher edu- useful or necessary for the executive agency cluding consideration of rural areas, and the cation, State, tribal, and local health depart- to evaluate.’’. burden of the disease within sub-populations. ments, Indian tribes, tribal organizations, asso- ‘‘(5) DATA REPORTING AND PROGRAM OVER- (b) THRESHOLDS FOR CAPITALIZATION AND ciations, or other appropriate entities for the es- SIGHT.—With respect to a grant, contract, or co- ACCOUNTABILITY.—Section 506(a)(1) of title tablishment or support of regional centers to ad- operative agreement awarded under this sub- 40, United States Code, is amended by adding dress Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias section, not later than 90 days after the end of at the end the following: by— the first year of the period of assistance, and ‘‘(E) CAPITALIZATION THRESHOLDS.—Estab- ‘‘(A) advancing the awareness of public annually thereafter for the duration of the lish thresholds for acquisitions of personal health officials, health care professionals, and grant, contract, or agreement (including the du- property for which executive agencies shall the public, on the most current information and ration of any renewal period as provided for capitalize the personal property. research related to Alzheimer’s disease and re- under paragraph (5)), the entity shall submit ‘‘(F) ACCOUNTABILITY THRESHOLDS.—Not- lated dementias, including cognitive decline, data, as appropriate, to the Secretary regard- withstanding section 121(b), for the manage- brain health, and associated health disparities; ing— ment and accountability of personal prop- ‘‘(B) identifying and translating promising re- ‘‘(A) the programs and activities funded under erty, establish thresholds for acquisitions of search findings, such as findings from research the grant, contract, or agreement; and personal property for which executive agen- and activities conducted or supported by the ‘‘(B) outcomes related to such programs and cies shall establish and maintain property National Institutes of Health, including Alz- activities. records in a centralized system.’’. heimer’s Disease Research Centers authorized by ‘‘(b) IMPROVING DATA ON STATE AND NA- section 445, into evidence-based programmatic TIONAL PREVALENCE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE f interventions for populations with Alzheimer’s AND RELATED DEMENTIAS.— disease and related dementias and caregivers for ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, as ap- such populations; and propriate, improve the analysis and timely re- BUILDING OUR LARGEST DEMEN- ‘‘(C) expanding activities, including through TIA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ALZ- porting of data on the incidence and prevalence public-private partnerships related to Alz- of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. HEIMER’S ACT heimer’s disease and related dementias and as- Such data may include, as appropriate, infor- sociated health disparities. mation on cognitive decline, caregiving, and Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask ‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To be eligible to receive health disparities experienced by individuals a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement unanimous consent that the Senate with cognitive decline and their caregivers. The under this subsection, an entity shall submit to proceed to the immediate consider- Secretary may award grants, contracts, or coop- the Secretary an application containing such ation of Calendar No. 694, S. 2076. erative agreements to eligible entities for activi- agreements and information as the Secretary ties under this paragraph. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The may require, including a description of how the ‘‘(2) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a clerk will report the bill by title. entity will— grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under ‘‘(A) coordinate, as applicable, with existing this subsection, an entity shall be a public or The senior assistant legislative clerk Federal, State, and tribal programs related to nonprofit private entity, including institutions read as follows: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; of higher education, State, local, and tribal ‘‘(B) examine, evaluate, and promote evi- A bill to amend the Public Health Service health departments, and Indian tribes and trib- dence-based interventions for individuals with Act to authorize the expansion of activities al organizations, and submit to the Secretary an Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, in- related to Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive de- application at such time, in such manner, and cluding underserved populations with such con- cline, and brain health under the Alzheimer’s containing such information as the Secretary ditions, and those who provide care for such in- Disease and Healthy Aging Program, and for may require. other purposes. dividuals; and ‘‘(C) prioritize activities relating to— ‘‘(3) DATA SOURCES.—The analysis, timely There being no objection, the Senate ‘‘(i) expanding efforts, as appropriate, to im- public reporting, and dissemination of data under this subsection may be carried out using proceeded to consider the bill, which plement evidence-based practices to address Alz- heimer’s disease and related dementias, includ- data sources such as the following: had been reported from the Committee ‘‘(A) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- ing through the training of State, local, and tribal public health officials and other health System. sions, with an amendment to strike all professionals on such practices; ‘‘(B) The National Health and Nutrition Ex- after the enacting clause and insert in ‘‘(ii) supporting early detection and diagnosis amination Survey. lieu thereof the following: of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; ‘‘(C) The National Health Interview Survey. ‘‘(iii) reducing the risk of potentially avoid- ‘‘(c) IMPROVED COORDINATION.—The Secretary SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. able hospitalizations of individuals with Alz- shall ensure that activities and programs related This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Building Our heimer’s disease and related dementias; to dementia under this section do not unneces- Largest Dementia Infrastructure for Alzheimer’s ‘‘(iv) reducing the risk of cognitive decline sarily duplicate activities and programs of other Act’’ or the ‘‘BOLD Infrastructure for Alz- and cognitive impairment associated with Alz- agencies and offices within the Department of heimer’s Act’’. heimer’s disease and related dementias; Health and Human Services.’’.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.028 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7527 SEC. 3. SUPPORTING STATE PUBLIC HEALTH PRO- ment under subsection (a) shall provide, from amended, be considered read a third GRAMS RELATED TO ALZHEIMER’S non-Federal sources, an amount equal to 30 per- time. DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS. cent of the amount provided under such agree- Section 398 of the Public Health Service Act ment (which may be provided in cash or in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (42 U.S.C. 280c–3) is amended— kind) to carry out the activities supported by objection, it is so ordered. (1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘ES- the cooperative agreement. The amendment (No. 4104) was agreed TABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM’’ and inserting ‘‘(e) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary may to as follows: ‘‘COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS TO STATES waive all or part of the matching requirement AND PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS FOR described in subsection (d) for any fiscal year (Purpose: To clarify provisions relating to ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DE- for— waivers) MENTIAS’’; ‘‘(1) a health department of a State, political Beginning on page 28, line 23, strike ‘‘year (2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal for—’’ and all that follows through line 9 on following: organization, if the Secretary determines that page 29, and insert the following: ‘‘ ‘year for ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordi- applying such matching requirement would re- nation with the Director of the Centers for Dis- a health department of a State, political sub- sult in serious hardship or an inability to carry ease Control and Prevention and the heads of division of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal out the purposes of the cooperative agreement other agencies, as appropriate, shall award co- organization (including those located in a awarded to such health department of a State, operative agreements to health departments of rural area or frontier area), if the Secretary political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe States, political subdivisions of States, and In- determines that applying such matching re- and tribal organization; or dian tribes and tribal organizations, to address quirement would result in serious hardship ‘‘(2) a health department of a State, political Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, in- or an inability to carry out the purposes of subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal cluding by reducing cognitive decline, helping the cooperative agreement awarded to such organization located in a rural area or frontier meet the needs of caregivers, and addressing health department of a State, political sub- area.’’; unique aspects of Alzheimer’s disease and re- division of a State, or Indian tribe and tribal (6) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated), by lated dementias to support the development and organization.’;’’. striking ‘‘grant’’ and inserting ‘‘cooperative implementation of evidence-based interventions agreement’’; and The committee-reported amendment with respect to— (7) by adding at the end the following: in the nature of a substitute, as amend- ‘‘(1) educating and informing the public, ed, was agreed to. based on evidence-based public health research ‘‘(f) NON-DUPLICATION OF EFFORT.—The Sec- and data, about Alzheimer’s disease and related retary shall ensure that activities under any co- The bill was ordered to be engrossed dementias; operative agreement awarded under this subpart for a third reading and was read the ‘‘(2) supporting early detection and diagnosis; do not unnecessarily duplicate efforts of other third time. agencies and offices within the Department of ‘‘(3) reducing the risk of potentially avoidable Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I hospitalizations for individuals with Alzheimer’s Health and Human Services related to— disease and related dementias; ‘‘(1) activities of centers of excellence with re- know of no further debate on the bill. ‘‘(4) reducing the risk of cognitive decline and spect to Alzheimer’s disease and related demen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there cognitive impairment associated with Alz- tias described in section 398A; and further debate on the bill? ‘‘(2) activities of public health departments heimer’s disease and related dementias; Hearing none, the question is, Shall ‘‘(5) improving support to meet the needs of with respect to Alzheimer’s disease and related caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s dis- dementias described in this section.’’. the bill pass? ease and related dementias; SEC. 4. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. The bill (S. 2076), as amended, was ‘‘(6) supporting care planning and manage- Section 398B of the Public Health Service Act passed. ment for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (42 U.S.C. 280c–5) is amended— Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask and related dementias. (1) in subsection (a)— ‘‘(7) supporting other relevant activities iden- unanimous consent the motion to re- (A) by inserting ‘‘or cooperative agreement’’ consider be considered made and laid tified by the Secretary or the Director of the after ‘‘grant’’ each place that such appears; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as (B) by striking ‘‘section 398(a) to a State un- upon the table. appropriate’’.; and less the State’’ and inserting ‘‘sections 398 or The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (3) by striking subsection (b); 398A to an entity unless the entity’’; and objection, it is so ordered. (4) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub- (C) by striking ‘‘10’’ and inserting ‘‘5’’; section (g); (2) by striking subsection (b); (5) by inserting after subsection (a), the fol- f (3) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as lowing: subsections (b) and (c), respectively; ‘‘(b) PREFERENCE.—In awarding cooperative AMENDING THE FEDERAL agreements under this section, the Secretary (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)— shall give preference to applications that focus (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971 on addressing health disparities, including pop- striking ‘‘section 398(a) to a State unless the State’’ and inserting ‘‘sections 398 or 398A to an Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask ulations and geographic areas that have the unanimous consent that the Senate highest prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and entity unless the entity’’; related dementias. (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘expendi- proceed to the immediate consider- ‘‘(c) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a tures required in subsection (b);’’ and inserting ation of H.R. 7120, which was received cooperative agreement under this section, an eli- ‘‘expenditures;’’; from the House. gible entity (pursuant to subsection (a)) shall (5) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (A) in paragraph (1)— prepare and submit to the Secretary an applica- clerk will report the bill by title. tion at such time, in such manner, and con- (i) by striking ‘‘each demonstration project for taining such information as the Secretary may which a grant’’ and inserting ‘‘the activities for The senior assistant legislative clerk require, including a plan that describes— which an award’’; and read as follows: (ii) by striking ‘‘section 398(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘(1) how the applicant proposes to develop or A bill (H.R. 7120) to amend the Federal ‘‘sections 398 or 398A’’; and expand, programs to educate individuals Election Campaign Act of 1971 to extend (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘6 months’’ through partnership engagement, workforce de- through 2023 the authority of the Federal and inserting ‘‘1 year’’; velopment, guidance and support for pro- Election Commission to impose civil money (6) by inserting after subsection (c) (as so re- grammatic efforts, and evaluation with respect penalties on the basis of a schedule of pen- designated), the following: to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, alties established and published by the Com- ‘‘(d) DEFINITION.—In this subpart, the terms and in the case of a cooperative agreement mission. under this section, how the applicant proposes ‘Indian tribe’ and ‘tribal organization’ have the to support other relevant activities identified by meanings given such terms in section 4 of the There being no objection, the Senate the Secretary or Director of the Centers for Dis- Indian Health Care Improvement Act.’’; and proceeded to consider the bill. ease Control and Prevention, as appropriate. (7) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘$5,000,000 Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- for each of the fiscal years 1988 through 1990’’ ‘‘(2) the manner in which the applicant will sent that the bill be considered read a coordinate with Federal, tribal, and State pro- and all that follows through ‘‘2002’’ and insert- grams related to Alzheimer’s disease and related ing ‘‘$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 third time and passed and that the mo- dementias, and appropriate State, tribal, and through 2024’’. tion to reconsider be considered made local agencies, as well as other relevant public Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask and laid upon the table. and private organizations or agencies; and unanimous consent that the Collins The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘(3) the manner in which the applicant will objection, it is so ordered. evaluate the effectiveness of any program car- amendment at the desk be considered ried out under the cooperative agreement. and agreed to, that the committee-re- The bill (H.R. 7120) was ordered to a ‘‘(d) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—Each health ported substitute amendment, as third reading, was read the third time, department that is awarded a cooperative agree- amended, be agreed to, and the bill, as and passed.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 07:56 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A12DE6.030 S12DEPT1 S7528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 12, 2018 RECOGNIZING THE HERITAGE, The resolution (S. Res. 596) was ing’’ was ordered to a third reading, CULTURE, AND CONTRIBUTIONS agreed to. was read the third time, and passed. OF AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA The preamble was agreed to. f NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN (The resolution, with its preamble, is MAJOR ANDREAS O’KEEFFE POST WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES printed in the RECORD of July 26, 2018, OFFICE BUILDING Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask under ‘‘Submitted Resolutions.’’) The bill (H.R. 6780) to designate the unanimous consent that the Indian Af- f facility of the United States Postal fairs Committee be discharged from THE CALENDAR Service located at 7521 Paula Drive in further consideration and that the Sen- Tampa, Florida, as the ‘‘Major Andreas ate now proceed to S. Res. 444. Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask O’Keeffe Post Office Building’’ was or- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unanimous consent that the Com- dered to a third reading, was read the clerk will report the resolution by mittee on Homeland Security and Gov- third time, and passed. title. ernmental Affairs be discharged and The senior assistant legislative clerk the Senate proceed to the immediate f read as follows: consideration of the following bills en THE CALENDAR bloc: H.R. 6020, H.R. 5791, H.R. 5792, A resolution (S. Res. 444) recognizing the Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask H.R. 6591, and H.R. 6780. heritage, culture, and contributions of Amer- unanimous consent that the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ican Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Ha- proceed to the en bloc consideration of waiian women in the United States. objection to proceeding to the meas- the following bills received from the ures en bloc? There being no objection, the com- House: H.R. 6513, H.R. 6405, H.R. 6655, There being no objection, the com- mittee was discharged, and the Senate H.R. 6216, H.R. 6217, H.R. 6831, H.R. 4326, mittee was discharged, and the Senate proceeded to consider the resolution. H.R. 6428, H.R. 5395, H.R. 5412, H.R. 6621, proceeded to consider the bills, en bloc. Mr. GARDNER. I know of no further H.R. 1210, H.R. 1211, H.R. 3184, and H.R. Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- debate on the measure. 6628. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there sent that the bills be considered read a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there further debate? third time and passed and that the mo- objection to proceeding to the meas- If not, the question is on agreeing to tions to reconsider be considered made ures en bloc? the resolution. and laid upon the table, all en bloc. There being no objection, the Senate The resolution (S. Res. 444) was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there proceeded to consider the bills, en bloc. agreed to. objection? Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- Without objection, it is so ordered. sent that the bills be considered read a sent that the preamble be agreed to f third time and passed and that the mo- and that the motions to reconsider be tions to reconsider be considered made SERGEANT DONALD BURGETT considered made and laid upon the and laid upon the table, all en bloc. table with no intervening action or de- POST OFFICE BUILDING The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bate. The bill (H.R. 6020) to designate the objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without facility of the United States Postal f objection, it is so ordered. Service located at 325 South Michigan The preamble was agreed to. Avenue in Howell, Michigan, as the JUDGE JAMES E. HORTON, JR. (The resolution, with its preamble, is ‘‘Sergeant Donald Burgett Post Office POST OFFICE BUILDING printed in the RECORD of March 22, 2018, Building’’ was ordered to a third read- The bill (H.R. 6513) to designate the under ‘‘Submitted Resolutions.’’) ing, was read the third time, and facility of the United States Postal f passed. Service located at 1110 West Market Street in Athens, Alabama, as the RECOGNIZING THE 29TH ANNIVER- f ‘‘Judge James E. Horton, Jr. Post Of- SARY OF THE TRIBAL CANOE DEPUTY SHERIFF ZACKARI JOURNEY OF THE TRIBAL NA- fice Building’’ was ordered to a third SPURLOCK PARRISH, III, POST reading, was read the third time, and TIONS OF THE PACIFIC NORTH- OFFICE BUILDING WEST AND CONGRATULATING passed. THE PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDI- The bill (H.R. 5791) to designate the f ANS FOR HOSTING THE 2018 facility of the United States Postal LANCE CORPORAL JUANA POWER PADDLE TO PUYALLUP Service located at 9609 South Univer- NAVARRO ARELLANO POST OF- sity Boulevard in Highlands Ranch, Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask FICE BUILDING Colorado, as the ‘‘Deputy Sheriff unanimous consent that the Indian Af- Zackari Spurlock Parrish, III, Post Of- The bill (H.R. 6405) to designate the fairs Committee be discharged from fice Building’’ was ordered to a third facility of the United States Postal further consideration and that the Sen- reading, was read the third time, and Service located at 2801 Mitchell Road ate now proceed to S. Res. 596. passed. in Ceres, California, as the ‘‘Lance Cor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The poral Juana Navarro Arellano Post Of- clerk will report the resolution by f fice Building’’ was ordered to a third title. DETECTIVE HEATH MCDONALD reading, was read the third time, and The senior assistant legislative clerk GUMM POST OFFICE passed. read as follows: The bill (H.R. 5792) to designate the f A resolution (S. Res. 596) recognizing the 29th anniversary of the Tribal Canoe Jour- facility of the United States Postal JANET LUCILLE OILAR POST ney of the Tribal Nations of the Pacific Service located at 90 North 4th Avenue OFFICE Northwest and congratulating the Puyallup in Brighton, Colorado, as the ‘‘Detec- The bill (H.R. 6655) to designate the Tribe of Indians for hosting the 2018 Power tive Heath McDonald Gumm Post Of- facility of the United States Postal Paddle to Puyallup. fice’’ was ordered to a third reading, Service located at 44160 State Highway There being no objection, the com- was read the third time, and passed. 299 East Suite 1 in McArthur, Cali- mittee was discharged, and the Senate f fornia, as the ‘‘Janet Lucille Oilar Post proceeded to consider the resolution. Office’’ was ordered to a third reading, NAPOLEON ‘NAP’ FORD POST Mr. GARDNER. I ask unanimous con- was read the third time, and passed. OFFICE BUILDING sent that the resolution be agreed to, f that the preamble be agreed to, and The bill (H.R. 6591) to designate the that the motions to reconsider be con- facility of the United States Postal SERGEANT DAVID KINTERKNECHT sidered made and laid upon the table. Service located at 501 South Kirkman POST OFFICE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Road in Orlando, Florida, as the ‘‘Na- The bill (H.R. 6216) to designate the objection, it is so ordered. poleon ‘Nap’ Ford Post Office Build- facility of the United States Postal

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:24 Dec 13, 2018 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G12DE6.088 S12DEPT1 December 12, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7529 Service located at 3025 Woodgate Road Service located at 530 East Main Street ate completes its business today, it ad- in Montrose, Colorado, as the ‘‘Ser- in Johnson City, Tennessee, as the journ until 9:30 a.m. on Thursday, De- geant David Kinterknecht Post Office’’ ‘‘Major Homer L. Pease Post Office’’ cember 13; further, that following the was ordered to a third reading, was was ordered to a third reading, was prayer and the pledge, the morning read the third time, and passed. read the third time, and passed. hour be deemed expired, the Journal of f f proceedings be approved to date, the time for the two leaders be reserved for DEPUTY SHERIFF DEREK GEER PLEASANTON VETERANS POST their use later in the day, and morning POST OFFICE BUILDING OFFICE business be closed; finally, that fol- The bill (H.R. 6217) to designate the The bill (H.R. 1210) to designate the lowing leader remarks, the Senate re- facility of the United States Postal facility of the United States Postal sume consideration of S.J. Res. 54 Service located at 241 N 4th Street in Service located at 122 W. Goodwin under the previous order. Grand Junction, Colorado, as the ‘‘Dep- Street, Pleasanton, Texas, as the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without uty Sheriff Derek Geer Post Office ‘‘Pleasanton Veterans Post Office’’ was objection, it is so ordered. Building’’ was ordered to a third read- ordered to a third reading, was read the f ing, was read the third time, and third time, and passed. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:30 A.M. passed. f TOMORROW f ENCINAL VETERANS POST OFFICE Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, if PATRICK E. MAHANY, JR., POST The bill (H.R. 1211) to designate the there is no further business to come be- OFFICE BUILDING facility of the United States Postal fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- The bill (H.R. 6831) to designate the Service located at 400 N. Main Street, sent that it stand adjourned under the facility of the United States Postal Encinal, Texas, as the ‘‘Encinal Vet- previous order. Service located at 35 West Main Street erans Post Office’’ was ordered to a There being no objection, the Senate, in Frisco, Colorado, as the ‘‘Patrick E. third reading, was read the third time, at 9:22 p.m., adjourned until Thursday, Mahany, Jr., Post Office Building’’ was and passed. December 13, 2018, at 9:30 a.m. ordered to a third reading, was read the f f third time, and passed. CAPTAIN HUMAYUN KHAN POST CONFIRMATIONS f OFFICE Executive nominations confirmed by SGT. JOSH RODGERS POST OFFICE The bill (H.R. 3184) to designate the the Senate December 12, 2018: The bill (H.R. 4326) to designate the facility of the United States Postal IN THE AIR FORCE facility of the United States Postal Service located at 180 McCormick Road THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT Service located at 200 West North in Charlottesville, Virginia, as the IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- Street in Normal, Illinois, as the ‘‘Sgt. ‘‘Captain Humayun Khan Post Office’’ CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION Josh Rodgers Post Office’’ was ordered was ordered to a third reading, was 601: to a third reading, was read the third read the third time, and passed. To be lieutenant general time, and passed. f LT. GEN. JOHN N. T. SHANAHAN f JAMES MARSHALL ‘JIMI’ HENDRIX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- FRANK LEONE POST OFFICE POST OFFICE BUILDING CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION The bill (H.R. 6428) to designate the The bill (H.R. 6628) to designate the 601: facility of the United States Postal facility of the United States Postal To be lieutenant general Service located at 4301 Northeast 4th Service located at 332 Ramapo Valley MAJ. GEN. KEVIN B. SCHNEIDER Road in Oakland, New Jersey, as the Street in Renton, Washington, as the IN THE ARMY ‘‘Frank Leone Post Office’’ was ordered ‘‘James Marshall ‘Jimi’ Hendrix Post THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT to a third reading, was read the third Office Building’’ was ordered to a third IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY TO THE GRADES INDI- time, and passed. reading, was read the third time, and CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: f passed. To be major general f BRIG. GEN. STEPHEN J. HAGER STAFF SERGEANT ALEXANDRIA BRIG. GEN. MARY K. LEAHY GLEASON-MORROW POST OFFICE UNANIMOUS CONSENT BRIG. GEN. GABRIEL TROIANO BUILDING AGREEMENT—S.J. RES. 54 BRIG. GEN. JONATHAN WOODSON To be brigadier general The bill (H.R. 5395) to designate the Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask COL. TINA B. BOYD facility of the United States Postal unanimous consent that at 1:45 p.m. on COL. BRIAN T. CASHMAN Service located at 116 Main Street in Thursday, December 13, all time be COL. WALTER M. DUZZNY COL. ERIC FOLKESTAD Dansville, New York, as the ‘‘Staff Ser- considered expired on S.J. Res. 54 and COL. ERNEST LITYNSKI geant Alexandria Gleason-Morrow Post the Senate vote in relation to the fol- COL. NELSON G. ROSEN Office Building’’ was ordered to a third lowing amendments in the order listed, THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF THE UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN reading, was read the third time, and with 2 minutes equally divided in the THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED passed. usual form prior to each vote and no UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: To be major general f second-degrees in order: Young No. 4080, Cornyn No. 4096, Cornyn No. 4090, BRIG. GEN. LAURA L. YEAGER ARMY SPECIALIST JOSE L. RUIZ Cornyn No. 4095, Cotton No. 4097, Cot- IN THE NAVY POST OFFICE BUILDING ton No. 4098, and Sanders No. 4105. I THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT The bill (H.R. 5412) to designate the further ask that following disposition IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND facility of the United States Postal of the amendments, the resolution, as RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: Service located at 25 2nd Avenue in amended, if amended, be read a third To be vice admiral Brentwood, New York, as the ‘‘Army time and the Senate vote on passage VICE ADM. MICHAEL M. GILDAY Specialist Jose L. Ruiz Post Office with no intervening action or debate. IN THE AIR FORCE Building’’ was ordered to a third read- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ing, was read the third time, and THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE objection? UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE passed. Without objection, it is so ordered. RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: f f To be major general MAJOR HOMER L. PEASE POST ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, BRIGADIER GENERAL JEFFREY W. BURKETT OFFICE DECEMBER 13, 2018 BRIGADIER GENERAL JESSICA MEYERAAN The bill (H.R. 6621) to designate the Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask BRIGADIER GENERAL RUSS A. WALZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE facility of the United States Postal unanimous consent that when the Sen- UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE

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RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE ARMY NOMINATION OF MICHAEL W. KEEBAUGH, TO BE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION MAJOR. To be brigadier general 601 AND FOR APPOINTMENT AS A SENIOR MEMBER OF ARMY NOMINATION OF HEINS V. RECHEUNGEL, TO BE THE MILITARY STAFF COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED NA- LIEUTENANT COLONEL. COLONEL JAMES R. CAMP TIONS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 711: ARMY NOMINATION OF JOHN R. SCHWAB, TO BE COLO- COLONEL WESLEY J. CLARE To be lieutenant general NEL. COLONEL JAMES T. DEMAREST ARMY NOMINATION OF AMANDA L. SILVERS, TO BE COLONEL JOHN M. GREEN MAJ. GEN. DAVID W. ALLVIN MAJOR. COLONEL PETER T. GREEN III ARMY NOMINATION OF RICKY L. WARREN, JR., TO BE COLONEL ROBERT C. KORTE IN THE NAVY MAJOR. COLONEL DARRIN P. LELEUX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ARMY NOMINATION OF ERIC R. SWENSON, TO BE COLO- COLONEL MARK A. MALDONADO TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE SERVING AS CHIEF OF NEL. COLONEL JAMES P. MARREN CHAPLAINS OF THE NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ANTHONY C. AD- COLONEL JOHN R. MULVEY TION 5142: OLPH AND ENDING WITH KAY K. WAKATAKE, WHICH COLONEL JOHN F. O’CONNELL NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- COLONEL MATTHEW J. PETERSON To be rear admiral PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER COLONEL ROBERT A. SCHULTE 13, 2018. REAR ADM. (LH) BRENT W. SCOTT COLONEL JAMES G. SILVASY ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH SCOTT S. THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE IN THE AIR FORCE BRENNEMAN AND ENDING WITH KEVIN V. THOMPSON, UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: VEMBER 14, 2018. CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: To be brigadier general ARMY NOMINATION OF RICHARD S. TAYLOR, TO BE To be brigadier general COLONEL. COLONEL DARRIN K. ANDERSON ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JASON A. FER- COLONEL MARK D. AUER COL. JOHN J. BARTRUM GUSON AND ENDING WITH SAMUEL M. SIEGAL, WHICH COLONEL BUEL J. DICKSON COL. ANITA L. FLIGGE NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- COLONEL KENNETH S. EAVES AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LISA M. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER COLONEL STEVEN S. LAMBRECHT BADER AND ENDING WITH ILAINA M. WINGLER, WHICH 14, 2018. COLONEL TONI M. LORD NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATION OF DANIEL S. MARSHALL, TO BE COLONEL GLEN A. MARTEL PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 18, MAJOR. COLONEL DAVID W. MAY 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF CHRISTOPHER G. NEELEY, TO COLONEL GARY A. MCCUE AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF SUNG–YUL LEE, TO BE BE MAJOR. COLONEL THOMAS H. MORA MAJOR. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH SAMUEL J. COLONEL JOHN W. POGOREK AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH FRANCISCA HIBRONPADILLA AND ENDING WITH SCOTT D. INGALSBE, THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE A. ALAKA LAMPTON AND ENDING WITH MICHAEL D. ZIM- WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE RE- MER, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SEN- AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- SERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED ATE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD VEMBER 14, 2018. UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: ON NOVEMBER 13, 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF KINDRA C. NEW, TO BE MAJOR. To be brigadier general AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH CHRIS- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH SANDRA L. TOPHER GENE ADAMS AND ENDING WITH BENJAMIN AHINGA AND ENDING WITH D014887, WHICH NOMINATIONS COL. THOMAS A. DUKES, JR. PAUL ZUNIGA, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER 14, 2018. RECORD ON NOVEMBER 13, 2018. UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE RE- ARMY NOMINATION OF RHONDA C. PUGH, TO BE COLO- AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH STEVEN D. SERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED NEL. SIKORA AND ENDING WITH ANITA SARGENT, WHICH UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: ARMY NOMINATION OF JEREMY W. LEWIS, TO BE NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- MAJOR. To be brigadier general PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER ARMY NOMINATION OF DAVID R. DINKLOCKER, TO BE 14, 2018. COL. CHRISTOPHER L. MONTANARO MAJOR. AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF LUKE M. SAUTER, TO BE ARMY NOMINATION OF LOREN C. DUWEL, TO BE COLO- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT COLONEL. NEL. IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF TASHA L. PRAVECEK, TO ARMY NOMINATION OF RENEROSE V. HINKLE, TO BE CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: BE COLONEL. MAJOR. To be major general AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF BRIAN J. NEFF, TO BE ARMY NOMINATION OF SARAH L. FORTIER, TO BE COLONEL. MAJOR. BRIGADIER GENERAL VITO E. ADDABBO AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF CORY A. COOPER, TO BE ARMY NOMINATION OF DAVID A. NEVEAU, TO BE COLONEL. BRIGADIER GENERAL MAUREEN G. BANAVIGE MAJOR. AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF JOEL A. SLOAN, TO BE BRIGADIER GENERAL BRIAN K. BORGEN ARMY NOMINATION OF KYLE B. HURST, TO BE MAJOR. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN P. HEALY COLONEL. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH RAYMOND R. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN A. HICKOK AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JAMIE J. ADAMS III AND ENDING WITH MATTHEW E. WRIGHT, BRIGADIER GENERAL JAY D. JENSEN JOHNSON AND ENDING WITH RENEE M. SUMMERS, WHICH WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE BRIGADIER GENERAL LINDA M. MARSH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- BRIGADIER GENERAL TODD J. MCCUBBIN PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER VEMBER 29, 2018. BRIGADIER GENERAL TYLER D. OTTEN 26, 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF PAUL M. FUGERE, TO BE LIEU- BRIGADIER GENERAL BOYD C. L. PARKER IV AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF TIMOTHY B. MURPHY, TO TENANT COLONEL. BE COLONEL. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ARMY NOMINATION OF CLARENCE K. GRAHAM, TO BE AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF ANDREW M. DERAMUS, TO IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- LIEUTENANT COLONEL. BE MAJOR. CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: ARMY NOMINATION OF JACKSON A. KURTZMAN, TO BE AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF BRIANNE D. NEWMAN, TO COLONEL. To be brigadier general BE MAJOR. ARMY NOMINATION OF JEREMY T. TENNENT, TO BE AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MOHAN S. COLONEL ELIZABETH E. ARLEDGE MAJOR. AKELLA AND ENDING WITH WILLIAM E. ZUTELL III, COLONEL MATTHEW J. BURGER ARMY NOMINATION OF JONATHAN D. THOMPSON, TO BE WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE COLONEL KENNETH R. COUNCIL, JR. MAJOR. COLONEL DERIN S. DURHAM AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- VEMBER 29, 2018. COLONEL PAUL R. FAST IN THE MARINE CORPS COLONEL CHRISTOPHER A. FREEMAN AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JENNIFER COLONEL CONSTANCE L. JENKINS L. GURGANUS AND ENDING WITH APRIL H. CLEMMENSEN, MARINE CORPS NOMINATION OF JAMES D. FOLEY, TO COLONEL PAUL E. KNAPP WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE BE MAJOR. COLONEL DOUGLAS S. MARTIN AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- MARINE CORPS NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ROB- COLONEL JODY A. MERRITT VEMBER 29, 2018. ERT A. GREEN, JR. AND ENDING WITH JESUS S. MENDEZ, COLONEL JOHN M. OLSON IN THE ARMY WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE COLONEL STACEY L. SCARISBRICK AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NO- COLONEL DAVID W. SMITH ARMY NOMINATION OF HAROLD E. TURKS, TO BE COLO- VEMBER 29, 2018. COLONEL ROGER P. SURO NEL. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH BENJAMIN M. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY LIPARI AND ENDING WITH GREGORY S, SOULE, WHICH IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JOSHUA C. AN- CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON OCTOBER 5, DRES AND ENDING WITH TRAVIS R. VOSLER, WHICH AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 2018. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- 601: ARMY NOMINATION OF JENNIFER L. WRIGHT, TO BE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOVEMBER To be lieutenant general MAJOR. 13, 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF CHRISTIAAN D. TAYLOR, TO BE NAVY NOMINATION OF THOMAS J. ZERR, TO BE CAP- MAJ. GEN. SAMI D. SAID MAJOR. TAIN. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ARMY NOMINATION OF SHAYNE R. ESTES, TO BE NAVY NOMINATION OF SHELTON L. LYONS II, TO BE IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- MAJOR. CAPTAIN.

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