Elements of Applied Linguistics

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Elements of Applied Linguistics View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL A DISTANCIA VICERRECTORÍA ACADÉMICA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y HUMANIDADES CÁTEDRA DE LENGUA Y CULTURA Study Guide for the Course ELEMENTS OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS 5189 By Katalina Perera Hernández III Cuatrimestre, 2009 Encargada de Cátedra de Lengua y Cultura Inglesa: Emilia María Quirós Vargas Productora Académica: Yadira Matarrita Brenes Programa de Producción de Material Impreso This study guide has been specifically designed for the book Linguistics for Non- Linguists: A Primer with Exercises (fourth edition) by Frank Parker, to be used as the basic textbook for the course Elementos de Lingüística Aplicada (Elements of Applied Linguistics), code 5189, taught at the “Licenciatura en Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II Ciclos” Program of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). Page 2 of 104 Introduction Linguistics is defined in the Meriam Webster’s Dictionary as “the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language” (http://www.merriam-webster.com). That is to say that linguistics is the science of language; therefore, its study becomes fundamental in the academic development of those who will be in charge of educating children, since children’s education is based on or related to language skills, such as reading, writing, speaking and vocabulary building. Linguists have taken huge steps and made great efforts to understand how children acquire their native language, and how children and adults acquire any other languages. Linguists’ findings are a valuable resource for classroom instruction since they deal with the structural, psychological, social and cultural aspects pertaining to learning a native language and/or to the acquisition of other languages. Therefore, the study of applied linguistics throughout the academic curriculum of any TESL or TEFL program must provide future teachers and education specialists with the appropriate basic knowledge to help them implement linguistic theory and methods to language teaching. This study guide has been designed with the purpose of leading students who have enrolled the “Licenciatura en Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II Ciclos” to a better understanding of the objectives and contents of this course. It helps students to know and understand the aims and basic concepts and terms to be studied, applied and analyzed. Page 3 of 104 Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................3 Contents....................................................................................................................4 I. Course Description and Study Guide: General Information..........................5 Course General Objective ......................................................................................5 Course Specific Objectives.....................................................................................5 Course Requirements and Academic Load ............................................................5 Course Evaluation ..................................................................................................6 Methodology and Instructional Activities.................................................................7 About the Study Guide: To the Student ..................................................................8 The Textbook..........................................................................................................8 How to Study Each Unit..........................................................................................9 Structure of the Study Guide ..................................................................................9 II. First Workshop...................................................................................................12 Applied Linguistics: General Considerations ........................................................12 Importance and Need of Applied Linguistics.........................................................12 Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................................................15 Chapter 2: Pragmatics ..........................................................................................16 Chapter 3: Semantics ...........................................................................................17 Chapter 4: Syntax.................................................................................................19 III. Second Workshop..............................................................................................21 Chapter 5: Morphology .........................................................................................21 Chapter 6: Phonology ...........................................................................................22 Chapter 7: Language Variation.............................................................................23 IV. Third Workshop ................................................................................................25 Chapter 8: First-Language Acquisition..................................................................25 Chapter 9: Second-Language Acquisition ............................................................26 Chapter 10: Written Language..............................................................................27 V. Fourth Workshop..............................................................................................29 Chapter 11: Language Processing .......................................................................29 Chapter 12: The Neurology of Language..............................................................30 Chapter 13: Conclusion ........................................................................................31 Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics ..........................................................33 Case Study Guidelines .........................................................................................43 The Case Study Report.....................................................................................44 VI. Answer key to all in chapter and supplementary exercises .........................46 I. Appendix..........................................................................................................82 Applied Linguistics: Glossary of terms..................................................................83 Bibliography .........................................................................................................103 Page 4 of 104 I. Course Description and Study Guide: General Information “Elements of Applied Linguistics” is a course designed to introduce students to several topics that are crucial in language teaching. The course provides an overview of the basic concepts, scope, and methodology of linguistics. Throughout the course, the primary systems of language, psycholinguistics and comparative phonology are treated in depth. Besides, this course aims at exploring the theories and research of applied linguistics, especially those pertaining to second language acquisition and teaching. By the end of the course, students will count on some basic Knowledge of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Course General Objective The main purpose of Elements of Applied Linguistics is to have students know and be able to analyze and identify the different processes undergone while acquiring a foreign or second language. Course Specific Objectives By the end of this course, students will have the required knowledge and skills to: A. Analyze the different ways in which linguistic knowledge can be applied in real, everyday situations in and out of the class. B. Understand the major concepts and inflections of the English Language pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, as well as recognize its different uses and variations according to social and geographical factors. C. Identify the features and differences in first (native) and second (non-native) language acquisition processes. D. Recognize and analyze the nature of the most common errors in writing. E. Distinguish and analyze the most common problems of language processing and their effects. F. Implementing research techniques for diagnosing and analyzing specific linguistic problems. Course Requirements and Academic Load A. To enroll this course, the student must be previously admitted to the “Licenciatura en Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II Ciclos” program. Page 5 of 104 B. Students should enroll all subjects in Module J; that is, Literary Criticism, Advanced English Grammar, Statistics Applied to Education, and Elements of Applied Linguistics. C. The course is developed in four-month periods (150 hours), and its academic load is three (3) credits. Course Evaluation The evaluation of the course will imply both formative as well as summative assessment. Formative evaluation intends to lead the student to develop self- assessment strategies that will help him/her to monitor his/her own performance by means of completing the exercises assigned and suggested in this study guide. Students will also get proper and timely feedback from tutor through workshops and scheduled online platform activities. Summative evaluation will be applied in two tests on the theories, concepts, and research carried out in the first half of the period. Evaluation
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