ELEANOR BURKE LEACOCK MITOS DA DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA Uma Coletânea De Artigos Sobre As Mulheres Numa Perspectiva Transcultural

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ELEANOR BURKE LEACOCK MITOS DA DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA Uma Coletânea De Artigos Sobre As Mulheres Numa Perspectiva Transcultural ELEANOR BURKE LEACOCK MITOS DA DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA Uma Coletânea de Artigos sobre as Mulheres numa Perspectiva Transcultural Copyright © Monthly Review Foundation, 2019. Myths of Male Dominance: Collected Articles on Women Cross-Culturally, Eleanor Burke Leacock, Monthly Review Press. Tradução: Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez Revisão técnica da tradução: Paula Christine Jimenez Revisão: Helena de Araújo Freres Índice: Helena de Araújo Freres, Paula Christine Jimenez e Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez Diagramação: Talvanes Eugênio Maceno Capa: Luciano Accioly Lemos Moreira Revisão da capa: Helena de Araújo Freres Imagem da capa: Mina Benson Hubbard Editores: Luciano Accioly Lemos Moreira e Talvanes Eugênio Maceno Catalogação na fonte Departamento de Tratamento Técnico do Instituto Lukács Bibliotecária Responsável: Fernanda Lins de Lima – CRB – 4/1717 L 434m Leacock, Eleanor Burke, 1922-1987 Mitos da dominação masculina: Uma coletânea de artigos sobre as mulheres numa perspectiva transcultural /Eleanor Burke Leacock; [Tradução de Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez]. – São Paulo: Instituto Lukács, 2019. 416 p. Título original: Myths of Male Dominance: Collected Articles on Women Cross-Culturally. Bibliografia: p. 367-388. Índice: p. 389-410 ISBN: 978-85-65999-47-2 1. Antropologia - marxismo; 2. Comunismo primitivo; 3. Feminismo - igualitarismo; 4. Mulheres - estudos transculturais; I.Título. II. Montagnais- Naskapi. III. Jimenez, Susana Vasconcelos, trad. CDU: 396.141.82 _____________________________________________________________ As obras dos autores do Instituto Lukács possuem licença Creative Commons, que permite a sua cópia (parcial ou total), distribuição e transmissão desde que: 1) deem crédito ao autor; 2) não alterem, transformem ou criem em cima desta obra; e 3) não façam uso comercial dela. Entretanto, as obras da Coleção Fundamentos, cujos direitos autorais são de propriedade dos autores fundamentais ou de seus depositários legais, possuem, quando exigido pelos seus detentores, limitação de copyright. No caso específico desta obra, o copyright pertence a Monthly Review Foundation. 1ª edição: Instituto Lukács, 2019. INSTITUTO LUKÁCS www.institutolukacs.com.br [email protected] 2 ELEANOR BURKE LEACOCK MITOS DA DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA Uma Coletânea de Artigos sobre as Mulheres numa Perspectiva Transcultural Tradução Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez 1a edição Instituto Lukács São Paulo, 2019 3 CONSELHO EDITORIAL Alexandre de Jesus Santos Andréa Pereira Moraes Betania Moreira de Moraes Bruno Gonçalves da Paixão Dayane Silva Oliveira Edivânia Francisca de Melo Edlene Pimentel Santos Emanoel Rodrigues Almeida Fabio Cristovam Batista Paiva Francisca Maurilene do Carmo George Amaral Pereira Gilmaisa Macedo da Costa Helena de Araújo Freres Jackline Rabelo José Deribaldo Santos Liana França Dourado Barradas Luciano Accioly Lemos Moreira Maria Cristina Soares Paniago Maria das Dores Mendes Segundo Maria Gorete Rodrigues de Amorim Maria Lucia Paniago Maria Norma Alcântara B. de Holanda Mariana Alves de Andrade Odair Michelli Junior Rafael João M. de Albuquerque Rosângela Melo Ruth Maria de Paula Gonçalves Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez Talvanes Eugênio Maceno Uelber Barbosa Silva Victor Andrade Silva Leal Yessenia Fallas Jiménez [ D i g i t e u 4m a c i Eleanor Burke Leacock (2 de julho de 1922 – 2 de abril de 1987) 5 À memória de minha mãe e ao meu pai 6 Sumário Nota editorial .......................................................................................... 9 Agradecimentos da tradutora..............................................................11 Eleanor Burke Leacock: o comunismo primitivo e a história autêntica que precedeu a pré-história da humanidade Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez . ........................................................ 13 Prefácio .................................................................................................. 35 1. Introdução: Engels e a História da Opressão das Mulheres .. 48 Parte I As Mulheres numa Sociedade Igualitária: os Montagnais-Naskapi do Canadá .................................................. 67 2. Os Montagnais-Naskapi .............................................................. 69 3. O Status entre os Montagnais-Naskapi do Labrador .............. 76 4. As Mulheres Montagnais e o Programa Jesuítico para a Colonização ................................................................................... 81 5. A Matrilocalidade entre os Montagnais-Naskapi ................... 101 Parte II Evolução Social: do Igualitarismo à Opressão............................. 121 6. Introdução à obra Sociedade Antiga, Partes I, II, III, IV, de Lewis Henry Morgan. ................................................................. 123 7. O Status das Mulheres na Sociedade Igualitária: Implicações para a Evolução Social ................................................................ 173 8. Revisão de Woman's Evolution, de Evelyn Reed ...................... 226 Parte III Mitos da Dominação Masculina: Discussão e Debate ............... 239 9. Sociedade e Gênero ................................................................... 241 10. Revisando a obra Male and Female, de Margaret Mead ......... 249 11. Estruturalismo e Dialética ........................................................ 253 12. A Família em Transformação e Lévi-Strauss, ou O que Terá Acontecido com o Pai? ............................................................ 266 7 13. Ideologias de Sexo: Arquétipos e Estereótipos Eleanor Leacock e June Nash ................................................. 286 14. Revisando a obra The Inevitability of Patriarchy, de Steven Goldberg Eleanor Leacock e Steven Goldberg ...................................... 308 15. Comportamento Social, Biologia e a Dupla Moral ............. 326 Parte IV Conclusão: Política e a Ideologia da Dominação Masculina ...... 349 16. Ramificações Políticas dos Argumentos de Engels sobre a Subjugação das Mulheres ......................................................... 351 17. Mulheres, Desenvolvimento e Fatos e Ficção Antropológicos .............................................................................................................. 356 Notas da Tradutora ........................................................................ 363 Bibliografia ....................................................................................... 367 Índice ................................................................................................ 389 8 Nota editorial Com esta obra, o Instituto Lukács entrega ao público o quinto volume da coleção Fundamentos, iniciada em 2014 com o livro Conversando com Lukács. As escolhas dos títulos que são publicados nessa coleção baseiam-se na análise rigorosa da importância teórico-política de tais títulos, do seu esgotamento no mercado ou da inexistência de sua publicação no Brasil e, ainda, das condições reunidas pelo Instituto Lukács quanto às possibilidades estruturais de publicação. Todos esses critérios são discutidos e analisados coletivamente pelo corpo de associados do IL. Mitos da Dominação Masculina: uma coletânea de artigos sobre as mulheres numa perspectiva transcultural foi o primeiro livro que o Instituto Lukács decidiu publicar na Coleção Fundamentos. Isto é, dentre as obras teórica e politicamente importantes, esgotadas ou nunca publicadas no Brasil, decidimos em 2012 que o clássico de Leacock seria a primeira obra da Coleção Fundamentos que teria sua publicação assegurada por este Instituto. Entretanto, as dificuldades de tradução que a obra impunha e a ausência circunstancial de um tradutor à altura da empreitada adiou os planos iniciais do Instituto. Essa dificuldade foi superada anos mais tarde quando nossa companheira Susana Jimenez aceitou a árdua, porém riquíssima, tarefa desta tradução. Somaram-se à Susana Jimenez nessa tarefa Paula Christine Jimenez, que, também com base no trabalho voluntário, assumiu a revisão técnica da tradução, e Helena de Araújo Freres, que, além de leitora qualificada no processo de construção da tradução, realizou, também voluntariamente, a revisão de português deste livro. Curiosamente, não apenas a autoria deste livro, mas toda a sua composição em português foi construída por mulheres. A elas nossos sinceros agradecimentos. A indiscutível importância desde livro reside na exposição acerca de como a vida era organizada no modo de produção primitivo, na qualificação do debate em torno da questão da mulher que essa obra proporciona, mas, sobretudo, na afirmação da possibilidade histórica de se suplantar a subordinação da mulher 9 em relação ao homem, possibilidade essa que, para a autora, estrutura-se numa sociedade efetivamente emancipada. Em que pese o significado que possui o texto de Leacock para a perspectiva revolucionária, esta publicação é a primeira em outra língua que não a inglesa. No Brasil a autora ganhou uma relativa presença teórica a partir da sua Introdução à Origem da Família, da Propriedade Privada e do Estado, que aqui foi publicada pela Expressão Popular como posfácio da obra engelsiana acima mencionada. Outro elemento que contribuiu para difundir o pensamento de Leacock no Brasil foi o livro Abaixo a Família Monogâmica!, de Sergio Lessa, publicado pelo IL em 2012, no qual Leacock comparece como importante referência teórica. Também foi Lessa quem nos apresentou a já mencionada Introdução de Leacock à Origem da Família, da Propriedade Privada e do Estado, da Expressão Popular, da qual também fora o revisor da tradução. Nesse sentido, o IL agredece a Sergio Lessa por mais
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