ILLUMINANCE SELECTION
In 1979, the IESNA established an illuminance selection procedure, which was published in the 6th, 7th, and 8th editions of its Lighting Handbook. The philosophy of that procedure was to enable the lighting designer to select illuminances based on a knowledge of space and occupant characteristics as well as the task and worker characteristics.
The philosophy of that procedure has been embraced again in this edition, but the procedure has been modified and simplified to place visual performance and therefore illuminance selection more in balance with the other important lighting design criteria presented in this chapter and discussed throughout this edition of the IESNA Lighting Handbook. Specifically, the recommended illuminances provided in the Design Guide are based on the Society's judgment of best practice for "typical" applications. Every situation is unique so, naturally, typical conditions may not be appropriate for a specific application. As a professional, the lighting designer should have a better understanding of the particular space and the needs of the occupants and clients than what can be presented in a recommended illuminance value for a typical space.
Illuminance Recommendations
In 1979, the IESNA established nine illuminance categories, "A," the lowest set of recommended illuminances, through "I," the highest set. Each of the nine categories had general descriptions of the visual task, irrespective of the application. Generally, the same approach has been employed in this edition of the IESNA Lighting Handbook to help lighting designers establish the best task illuminance. However, four important modifications have been adopted.
1. The recommended illuminances are no longer provided without reference to a specific application. Every application in the Design Guide has a specific recommended illuminance (horizontal, vertical, or both) representing best practice for a typical application. 2. The nine illuminance selection categories established earlier by the IESNA have been reduced to seven categories and organized into three sets of visual tasks (orientation and simple, common, and special). These groupings provide additional clarity to the category descriptions (Figure 10-9). 3. Additional precision has been given to the task descriptions in each category. In the previous three editions it was impossible for the lighting designer to unambiguously ascertain what constituted, for example, "low contrast" or "small size." Specific ranges of contrast and size have been established for this edition (Figures 10-10 and 10-11). 4. Recommended illuminances increase roughly logarithmically with increasing task difficulty by combined changes in task contrast and task size, as defined in Figure 10-10. These recommendations are guided by both the scientific literature and practical experience. Quality of the Visual Environment Page 17 of 30
Figure 10-9. Determination of Illuminance Categories* IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-1 I. INTERIOR Very ImportantImportant Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Accounting (see Offices) Ch. 11
Air Terminals Ch. 23 (see Transportation Terminals in Section V, Transportation)
Armories CA
Art Galleries (see Museums) Ch. 14
Auditoriums Assembly C Social activity BA
Banks (see Reading) Ch. 11 Lobby General (1) C A Writing area (1) D A Tellers' stations (1) E A ATM facilities — keypad (1) A C ATM facilities — display screen (1) A B (2) ATM facilities — writing surface DA ATM facilities — surrounding area C A (3)
Interior-1 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-2 Barber Shops/Salons ED Casino and Gaming Ch. 13 Circulation High activity DB Medium activity CA Low activity BA Baccarat General D Game surface (1) C Bingo General D Game surface (1) C B Blackjack General EA Game surface (1) C Craps General D Game surface (1) C Keno General C Game surface (1) C A Poker General E Game surface (1) C Roulette General D Game surface (1) C Sport and race books General DA Game surface (1) C B Video and slots CA
Churches and Synagogues Ch. 14 (see Houses of Worship section)
Club and Lodge Rooms Lounge and reading D
Conference Rooms Ch. 11 Meeting DB Critical seeing (refer to task) Video conference (1) E D
Interior-2 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-3 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Correctional Facilities Ch. 14 Cells D B (4) Day rooms DB
Corridors (see Service Spaces)
Court Rooms (see Reading) Ch. 14 Seating area (spectators) CA Judge and clerk (1) E C (5) Litigant's table (1) E C (6) Podium (1) E C (5) Witness chair (1) D B
Dance Halls/Discotheques Dance halls/discotheques AA Ballrooms/social events BA
Depots, Terminals, Stations Ch. 23 (see Transportation Terminals in Section V, Transportation)
Drafting/Graphic Arts CAD stations only CA Mixed CAD and paper task DA
Interior-3 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-4 Mylar High contrast media EC Low contrast media FD Vellum/mylar High contrast EC Low contrast FD Overlays (7) Light table CA Prints EC
Educational Facilities Ch. 12 Corridors C Classrooms General (see Reading) Art rooms ED Drafting (see Drafting/Graphic Arts) Home economics (see Residences) Science laboratories ED Lecture halls Audience (see Reading) Demonstration FE Music rooms (see Reading) Shops (see Section II, Industrial) Sight saving rooms FE Study halls (see Reading) Typing (see Reading) Gymnasiums Ch. 20 Basketball FD Other sports (See Section IV, Sports) Social events BA Outdoor sports facilities (see Section IV, Sports) Ch. 20 Cafeterias (see Food Service Facilities) Ch. 13 Dormitories (see Residences) Ch. 18
Elevators, Freight B
Elevators, Passenger BA
Emergency Lighting Ch. 29 (see Section VI, Emergency, Safety, and Security)
Exhibition Halls CA
Interior-4 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-5 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Filing (see Offices and Reading) Ch. 11
Financial Facilities (see Banks) Ch. 11
Fire Stations (see Municipal Buildings - Police and Fire) Ch. 11
Food Service Facilities Ch. 13 (If equipment locations are known, see Residences-Kitchens) Butcher shop EC Cashier DA Cleaning C Dining CA Food displays E (8) Food storage Nonrefrigerated BA Refrigerated BA Galley EC Kitchen EA Pantry DA Refuse area C Sculleries EC Thaw room DA
Interior-5 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-6 Food Courts (9) D A Ch. 13
Garages — Parking (see Outdoor Facilities section) Ch. 22
Gasoline Stations (see Retail Spaces - Outdoor: Ch. 17 Service Station in Section III, Outdoor)
Graphic Design and Material Color selection FD Charting and mapping FD Graphs EC Keylining FD Layout and artwork FD Photographs, moderate detail EC
Health Care Facilities Ch. 16 Ambulance (local) (10) E C Anesthetizing (10) E C Autopsy and morgue Autopsy, general (10) E C Autopsy table (10) G E Morgue, general (10) D B Cardiac function laboratory (10) E C Central sterile supply Inspection, general EC Inspection FD Work areas, general DB Processed storage DB Corridors Nursing areas, day CA Nursing areas, night BA Operating areas, delivery, recovery, and laboratory suite and service EA Critical care areas General (10) B A Examination (10) E C Surgical task lighting (10) (11) Handwashing (10) F Cystoscopy room (10) E C Dental suite General (10) D B Instrument tray EC Oral cavity GE
Interior-6 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-7 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Recovery room General CA Dialysis unit, medical FD Elevators BA EKG and specimen room General (10) A A Emergency outpatient General (10) E C Endoscopy rooms General (10) E C Peritoneoscopy (10) D B Culdoscopy (10) D B Eye surgery (10) G E Fracture room General (10) E C Local (10) F D Inhalation therapy (10) D B Laboratories Specimen collecting (10) E C Linens Sorting soiled linen DA Central (clean) linen room DA Sewing room, general (10) D B Linen closet BA Lobby (10) B A Locker rooms BA Medical illustration studio (10) F D Medical records (10) E C Nurseries General (10) B A
Interior-7 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-8 Observation and treatment (10) E C Nursing stations General (10) D B Desk (10) E C Corridors, day BA Corridors, night AA Medication station (10) E C Obstetric delivery suite Labor rooms General CA Local EC Birthing room FD Delivery area Scrub, general (10) F D General G Delivery table (10) G E Resuscitation (10) G E Postdelivery recovery area EC Occupational therapy Work areas, general (10) D B Work tables or benches (10) E C Patient rooms General (10) B A Observation (10) A A Critical examination EC Reading (10) D B Toilets DA Physical therapy departments Gymnasiums (10) D B Tank rooms (10) D B Treatment cubicles (10) D B Postanesthetic recovery room General EC Local GE Pulmonary function laboratories (10) E C Radiological suite General (10) A A Radiography/fluoroscopy room (10) A A
Interior-8 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-9 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Radiation therapy section General (10) B A Solarium General (10) C A Local for reading (10) D B Stairways CA Surgical suite Operating room, general (10) G E Operating table (10) G E Scrub room FD Instruments and sterile supply room DB Clean-up room, instruments EC Anesthesia storage CA Substerilizing room CA Surgical induction room EC Surgical holding area EC Toilets CA Utility room DA Waiting areas General (10) C A Local for reading (10) D B
Homes (see Residences) Ch. 18
Interior-9 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-10 Hospitality Facilities Ch. 13 (see Hotels, Food Service Facilities)
Hospitals (see Health Care Facilities) Ch. 16
Hotels Ch. 13 Guest rooms General C Bathrooms, for grooming DB Reading/desk work D Corridors, elevators, stairs B Front desk E Linen room Sewing F General C Lobby General lighting C Reading and work areas D Entrance canopy A
Houses of Worship Ch. 14 Congregational areas CA Leadership area DD Highlighted items D
Kitchens (see Food Service or Residences) Ch. 13, 18
Libraries (10) Ch. 12 Reading stacks D Bookstacks Active (7) D (12) Inactive (7) B (12) Book repair or binding (7) D A Cataloguing (7) D Card files (paper) DB Carrels, individual study desks D Circulation desk D Map and print room (see Graphic Design and Material) (7) D Audiovisual areas D Audio listening areas D Microform areas D
Interior-10 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-11 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Locker Rooms C A Ch. 12, 20
Merchandising Spaces Ch. 17 Retail store areas Alteration room FD Fitting room Dressing areas DB Fitting areas FD Locker rooms CA Stock rooms, wrapping and packaging DB Sales transaction area D Circulation C General merchandise display EC Feature display FD Show windows GE
Interior-11 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-12 Shopping mall areas Main concourse DB Food court (see Food Courts) Entertainment areas (9) E C Kiosks (9) F D Directory/information desk FD Service corridors D Restrooms CA Child care DB Vertical transportation DA Entry/vestibule D Side arcade (9) D B Landscape (see Retail Spaces — Outdoor in Section III, Outdoor) Ch. 17, 21 Meeting rooms/offices DA Supermarkets Meat — processed EC Meat — fresh EC Dairy cases EC Produce EC Floral displays EC Gondolas EC Shelving EC
Motels (see Hotels) Ch. 13
Municipal Buildings - Police and Fire Ch. 11 Police Identification records F Jail cells and interrogation rooms DA Fire Station DB
Museums Ch. 14 Flat displays on vertical surfaces (7) D Exhibit cases (7) D B 3-dimensional objects (7) D B Realistic environments (7) D B Lobbies, general gallery areas, corridors (7) C A Restoration or conservation shops and labs (7) E C
Nursing Homes (see Health Care Facilities) Ch. 16
Interior-12 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-13 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Offices (13) Ch. 11 Filing (see Reading) EC General and private offices (see Reading) Open plan office Intensive VDT use (14,15) D B Open plan office Intermittent VDT use (14,15) E B Private office EB Libraries (see Libraries) Lobbies, lounges, and reception areas CA Mail sorting EA Copy rooms CA
Parking Facilities (see Section III, Outdoor) Ch. 22
Post Offices Ch. 11 Lobby (1) C A Customer service counter (1) E A Mail processing, general (1) E
Interior-13 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-14 Reading (16) Ch. 11, 12
Copied tasks Microfiche reader AA Photograph, moderate detail E Thermal copy, poor F Photocopies D Photocopies, 3rd generation E Data processing tasks VDT screens AA Impact printer good ribbon D 2nd carbon and greater E ink jet/laser printer D keyboard reading D Machine rooms Active operations D Tape storage DB Machine area C Equipment service EC Thermal print E Handwritten tasks #2 pencil and softer leads D #3 pencil E #4 pencil and harder leads F Ball-point pen D Felt-tip pen D Handwritten carbon copy E White boards B Chalk boards E Printed tasks 6-point type E 8- and 10-point type D Glossy magazines D Maps E Newsprint D Typed originals D Telephone books E
Residences General lighting B Conversation, relaxation, and entertainment AA Passage areas (circulation) AA
Interior-14 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-15 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Specific visual tasks Dining B Grooming Makeup and shaving DB Dressing evaluation (mirror) DB Handcrafts and hobbies Ordinary tasks (e.g,. crafts) DB Difficult tasks (e.g., sewing) EC Critical tasks (e.g., workbench) FD Easel hobbies D Ironing D Kitchen counter Critical seeing (e.g., cutting) EC General DB Kitchen range Difficult seeing (e.g., cooking) EC Kitchen sink Difficult seeing EC Noncritical (clean up) DB Laundry DA Music study (piano, organ) DB Reading In a chair (casual) DB In a chair (serious) EC In bed (casual) DB
Interior-15 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-16 At desk Casual DA Serious EC Sewing (see Residences: Handcrafts and Hobbies) Table games DB
Restaurants (see Food Service Facilities) Ch. 13
Retail Spaces (see Merchandising Spaces) Ch. 17
Safety (see Section VI, Emergency, Safety, and Security) Ch. 29
Schools (see Educational Facilities) Ch. 12
Service Spaces Ch. 11, 19 (see Service Spaces in Section II, Industrial) Stairways and corridors B Elevators (see Elevators) Toilets and washrooms BA
Service Stations Ch. 17, 19 Service bays (see Section II, Industrial) Sales room (see Merchandise Spaces)
Show Windows (see Merchandising Spaces) Ch. 17
Stairways (see Service Spaces)
Storage Rooms (see Section II, Industrial) Ch. 19
Stores (see Merchandising Spaces) Ch. 17
Theatre and Motion Picture Houses Ch. 15
Toilets and Washrooms B A Ch. 11
Transportation Terminals Ch. 23 (See Section V, Transportation)
Winery (see Food Service Facilities) Ch. 13, 17 Wine cellar (7) A A
Interior-16 IESNA Lighting Design Guide Interior-17 I. INTERIOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance - see end of section Reference Chapter(s)
Notes:
(1) Consider lighting for video cameras. (2) Maximum illuminance. (3) At ground level. (4) The minimum illuminance in a prison cell is 200 lx (20 fc); 300 lx (30 fc) should be provided for reading at the head of the bed. (5) Adjustable task lighting recommended. (6) Task lighting recommended, possibly located in ceiling. (7) Degradation factors important to consider. (8) In the display plane. (9) Special lighting for signage or banners may be required. (10) See Chapter for special considerations. (11) Refer to Chapter 16, Health Care Facility Lighting, for specific recommendations for surgical task lighting. (12) At 30" above floor. (13) Design issues, including illuminances, can be listed for room or space. Refer to specific task under "Reading" or "Graphic Design and Materials", for example. (14) Lighting should be flexible to accommodate changes in office furniture. (15) Accoustical aspects of luminaires need to be considered. (16) Design issues and illuminances listed for the task. See "Offices" or "Educational Facilities", for example, for additional considerations for the room.
Interior-17 ⊕ II. INDUSTRIAL Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS(a) (b) Category or Value (lux) Notes — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Intrinsic Material Characteristics Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance on Task Plane Basic Industrial Tasks Raw material processing (cleaning, cutting, crushing, sorting, grading) Coarse C Medium D Fine E Very fine F Materials handling Wrapping, packing, and labeling D Picking stock, classifying D Loading, inside trucks and freight cars C Component manufacturing Large D Medium E Fine F Machining Rough bench or machine work D Medium bench or machine work E (ordinary automatic machines, rough grinding, medium buffing, and polishing) Fine bench or machine work G (fine automatic machines, medium grinding, fine buffing, and polishing) Extra-fine bench or machine work G (fine grinding)
⊕⊕ ⊕ II. INDUSTRIAL Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS(a) (b) Category or Value (lux) Notes — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Intrinsic Material Characteristics Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance on Task Plane Assembly Simple D Difficult F Exacting G Warehousing and storage Inactive B Active: bulky items; large labels C Active: small items; small labels D Inspection Simple D Difficult F Exacting G Service spaces Stairways, corridors B Elevators, freight and passenger B Toilets and wash rooms C Shipping and receiving D Maintenance E Motor and equipment observation D Control panel and VDT observation C Welding Orientation D Precision manual arc-welding G (Inspection of work after completion of weld)
⊕⊕ ⊕ Manual crafting (engraving, carving, painting, stitching, cutting, pressing, knitting, polishing, woodworking) Coarse D Medium E Fine F Exacting G
Notes: (a) For details on specific tasks or spaces refer to Chapter 19, Industrial Lighting. (b) The task may be horizontal, inclined, or vertical.
⊕⊕ ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-1 III. OUTDOOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (a, b) (a, b) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Direct Glare Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Pollution/Trespass Modeling of Faces or Objects Peripheral Detection Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Advertising Signs and Poster Boards (see Bulletin and Poster Boards, or Signs)
Bikeways Ch. 21, 22, 29 Alongside roadways — commercial areas 10 20 (1) Distant from roadways 5 5 (1)
Building General construction BA Excavation work AA
Building Exteriors Ch. 21, 29 Entrances Active (pedestrian/conveyance) BA Inactive (normally locked, infrequent use) AA Prominent structures BA
Building and Grounds Security (see Section VI, Emergency, Safety, and Security)
Buildings and Monuments, Floodlighted Ch. 21 Bright surrounding Light surfaces (2) A Medium light surfaces (2) B Medium dark surfaces (2) B Dark surfaces (2) C
⊕⊕Outdoor-1 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-2 Dark surroundings Light surfaces (2) A Medium light surfaces (2) A Medium dark surfaces (2) A Dark surfaces (2) A
Bulletin and Poster Boards Ch. 21 Bright surroundings Light surfaces (2) A D Dark surfaces (2) A E Dark surroundings Light surfaces (2) A C Dark surfaces (2) A D
Coal Yards (see Section VI, Emergency, Safety, and Security) 2
Dredging AA
Flags, Floodlighted C A Ch. 21
Gardens Ch. 21 General lighting 52 Paths, away from building 10 3 Steps or ramps away from building (3) 10 3 Backgrounds — fences, walls, trees, and shrubbery 20 5 Flower beds, rock gardens AA Trees or shrubbery, emphasized AA Focal points, large BA Focal points, small CA Gazebos, trellises, decorative structures BA Terraces, patios, decks (3) B A
Gasoline Station (see Retail Spaces, Outdoor: Service Station)
Highways (see Roadways)
Holiday and Entertainment Ch. 13, 21 Holiday and festival lighting CA Entertainment lighting DB
Hospitality — Exterior Ch. 13, 21 Restaurants and dining areas BA Pool areas and terraces BA
Loading and Unloading Ch. 19 Platforms CA Freight car interiors BA
⊕⊕Outdoor-2 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-3 III. OUTDOOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (a, b) (a, b) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Direct Glare Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Pollution/Trespass Modeling of Faces or Objects Peripheral Detection Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Logging Ch. 19 Yarding A Log loading and unloading AA Log stowing (water) 10 Active log storage area (land) 10 Log booming area (water) — foot traffic 10 Active log handling area — (water) 10 Log grading — water or land B Log bins (land) 20
Lumber Yards 10 3 Ch. 19
Marinas B A Ch. 21, 23
Parks, Plazas, and Pedestrian Malls B A Ch. 21
Parking Areas (4) Ch. 22, 29
Piers Ch. 23 Freight Active shipping area (3) B Active shipping — surrounds A Passenger (3) C
Prison Yards A Ch. 14
⊕⊕Outdoor-3 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-4 Railroad Yards Ch. 19, 23 Retarder classification yards Receiving yard Switch points 20 5 Body of yard 10 3 Hump area AC Control tower and retarder area AB Head end AA Body 10 3 Pull-out end 20 5 Dispatch or forwarding yard 10 3 Hump and car rider classificaton yard 20 5 Receiving yard Switch points 20 5 Body of yard 10 3 Hump area AA Flat switching yards Side of cars AA Switch points 20 5 Trailer-on flatcars Horizontal surface of flatcar AA Hold-down points AA Container-on flatcars AA
Retail Spaces - Outdoor Ch. 13, 17, 21, 29 Fast food restaurants CA Car dealerships — business district Front row — adjacent to roadway CA Car dealerships — small towns Front row — adjacent to roadway BA Convenience stores AA Pedestrian mall AA Service station Dark surrounding Approach 15 5 Driveway 15 5 Pump island area AA Building faces (exclusive of glass) 20 5 Service areas 20 5 Landscape highlights 10 3 Light surrounding Approach 20 5 Driveway 20 5 Pump island area BA Building faces (exclusive of glass) AA Service areas AA Landscape highlights 20 5
⊕⊕Outdoor-4 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-5 III. OUTDOOR Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (a, b) (a, b) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Direct Glare Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Pollution/Trespass Modeling of Faces or Objects Peripheral Detection Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Roadways (5) Ch. 22
Roadway Rest Areas (6) Ch. 22
Sculptures A B Ch. 21
Ship Yards Ch. 19, 23 General AA Ways BA Fabrication areas DB
Shopping Centers (see Parking and Building Exterior, Entrances)
Signs Ch. 21, 22 Advertising (2) A C Externally lighted roadway (2) A C
Smokestacks with Advertising Messages (see Bulletin and Poster Boards)
Storage Yards Ch. 19 Active CA Inactive 10 3
Streets (See Roadways) Ch. 22
Tunnels (7) Ch. 22
⊕⊕Outdoor-5 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Outdoor-6 Walkways (3) (8) Ch. 21, 22, 29
Water Tanks with Advertising Messages Ch. 22 (see Bulletin and Poster Boards)
Water and Rock Features Ch. 21 Softscape (natural water bodies) BA Fountains, waterfalls AB Decorative pools (3) B A Large natural rock features A B
Notes: (a) Low illuminances (less than 30 lux) are given in lux; values greater than 30 lux are given in letter categories. (b) When security is a concern, consult Chapter 29, Emergency, Safety, and Security Lighting, for additional illuminance recommendations. (1) Intersections and conflict zones may require higher illuminances. (2) Lighting must not interfere with visibility for pedestrians, motorists, or boaters. (3) Hazards such as stairs or areas adjacent to bodies of water should be clearly identified and lighted for safety. (4) Illuminances for parking areas listed in Chapter 22, Roadway Lighting. (5) Illuminances for Roadway listed in Chapter 22, Roadway Lighting. (6) Illuminances for Rest Areas listed in Chapter 22, Roadway Lighting. (7) Illuminances for Tunnels listed in Chapter 22, Roadway Lighting. (8) Illuminances for Walkways listed in Chapter 22, Roadway Lighting.
⊕⊕Outdoor-6 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Sports/Recreation-1 IV. SPORTS AND RECREATION Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS(a) (b) (b) Design Issues Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Light Pollution/Trespass Luminaire Noise Modeling of Faces or Objects Reflected Glare Shadows Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Archery (Indoor) Target at 18.3m (1) Shooting line
Archery (Outdoor) Target at 30.4m (1) Shooting line
Badminton (Indoor)
Baseball Professional (Outdoor) (2) Recreational (2)
Basketball Indoor Outdoor
Billiards
⊕⊕Sports/Recreation-1 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Sports/Recreation-2 Bowling (Indoor) Approach Lane Target
Bowling, Lawn
Boxing and Wrestling
Croquet (or Roque)
Curling (Hack to Hog) (3)
Fencing
Football Professional (indoor) Professional (outdoor) Recreational (outdoor)
Golf Driving range tee boxes (3) Course tee boxes (3) Fairways (3) Greens (3) Driving range at 183 m Miniature golf
Gymnasiums (refer to individual sports listed)
Handball Outdoor
Hockey, Field
Hockey, Ice and Figure Skating (indoor) Hockey, Ice (Outdoor) and Roller Skating
Horse Shoes (see Quoits)
⊕⊕Sports/Recreation-2 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Sports/Recreation-3 IV. SPORTS AND RECREATION Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS(a) (b) (b) Design Issues Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Light Pollution/Trespass Luminaire Noise Modeling of Faces or Objects Reflected Glare Shadows Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Horse Shows
Lacrosse
Playgrounds
Quoits
Racing (Outdoor) Motor — Track Bicycle — Track (3) Dog (3) Dragstrip (3)
Racquetball Indoor
Rodeo and Animal Shows
Roque (see Croquet)
Shooting, Indoor Target Shooting line
⊕⊕Sports/Recreation-3 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Sports/Recreation-4 Shooting, Outdoor at 45 m Target Shooting line
Shuffleboard Indoor Outdoor
Skating, Speed Indoor (3) Outdoor (3)
Skeet and Trap Targets at 18.3 m Shooting line
Skiing
Soccer (see Football)
Softball
Squash
Swimming (Water Sports) Indoor — on pool deck Outdoor — on pool deck
Tennis Indoor Outdoor
Trap (see Skeet and Trap)
Volleyball Indoor Outdoor
⊕⊕Sports/Recreation-4 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Sports/Recreation-5 IV. SPORTS AND RECREATION Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS(a) (b) (b) Design Issues Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Light Pollution/Trespass Luminaire Noise Modeling of Faces or Objects Reflected Glare Shadows Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s)
Notes: (a) Criteria are for recreational or lowest classes of play unless otherwise stated. For other classes of play, and for lighting for television cameras for professional or higher classes of play, see Chapter 20, Sports and Recreational Area Lighting (b) All illuminace values for sporting events/activities are found in Chapter 20, Sports and Recreational Area Lighting
(1) Vertical illuminance should increase with shooting distance. (2) Infield values (3) Readings taken at grade. All other readings taken at 1 meter (36") above grade.
⊕⊕Sports/Recreation-5 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-1 V. TRANSPORTATION(a) Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (Uniformity) (b) (b) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Aircraft Ch. 23 Passenger compartment General AA Reading (at seat) D
Airports Ch. 23 Hangar apron 10 3 Terminal building apron Parking area 52 Loading area 20 5
Buses (See Road Conveyances) Ch. 23
Rail Conveyances Ch. 23 Boarding or exiting AA Fare box (rapid transit train) BA Vestibule (commuter and AA intercity trains) Aisles AA Advertising cards (rapid transit and commuter trains) D Back-lighted advertising cards (rapid transit and commuter trains) 860 cd/m2 (80 cd/ft2) average maximum.
⊕⊕Transportation-1 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-2 V. TRANSPORTATION(a) Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (Uniformity) (b) (b) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Reading (at seat) D Rest rooms (intercity train) B Dining area (intercity train) DA Food preparation (intercity train) E A (1) Lounge (intercity train) General lighting BA Table games D Sleeping car General lighting AA Normal reading D Prolonged reading E
Road Conveyances Ch. 23 Step well and adjacent ground area AA Fare box BA General lighting AA City/intercity buses at city stop AA Intercity bus at country stop AA School bus while moving BA School bus at stops DA Advertising cards D Back-lighted advertising cards (see Rail Conveyances) Reading (at seat) D Emergency exit (school bus) A
⊕⊕Transportation-2 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-3
Ships Ch. 23 Living areas Staterooms and cabins General lighting BA Reading and writing (see Reading in Section I, Interior) Prolonged seeing (see Reading in Section I, Interior) Baths (general lighting) B Mirrors (personal grooming) DB Barber shop/salon General DB On subject EC Day rooms General lighting BA At desks (see Reading in Section I, Interior) Dining rooms and messrooms Fine dining (1) B A Coffee shop, cafeteria (1) D C Snack, fast food (1) E C Enclosed promenades Night AA Day BA Entrances/passageways Night AA Day BA Daytime embarkation DB Gymnasiums Exercise, recreation DB Hospitals Ch. 16 (see Health Care Facilities in Section I, Interior) Dispensary (general lighting) DB Doctor's office DB Operating room General lighting FD Operating table G E (2, 3) Wards General lighting BA Critical examination EC Reading areas DA Toilets BA
⊕⊕Transportation-3 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-4 V. TRANSPORTATION(a) Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (Uniformity) (b) (b) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Recreation areas Ballrooms BA Cocktail lounges BA Swimming pools Ch. 20 General BA Underwater (4) Theatre or Auditorium Ch. 15 (see Theater and Motion Picture House, in Section I, Interior) Navigating areas Chart room General BA On chart table DB Gyro room B Radar room B Radio room Operating areas EC Passenger foyer D Ship's offices General lighting/lobby areas B Clerical tasks EA Wheelhouse, pilothouse, bridge Day, in-port during maintenance BA Night when underway (5)
⊕⊕Transportation-4 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-5 Service areas Food preparation Ch. 13 (see Food Service Facilities in Section I, Interior) Sculleries Ch. 13 (see Food Service Facilities in Section I, Interior) Food storage Ch. 13 (see Food Service Facilities in Section I, Interior) Laundries General DA Machine and press finish, sorting EC Sewing FD Lockers BA Offices General DA Reading (see Reading in Section I, Interior) Passenger/service counter DB Storerooms AA Telephone exchange EC Operating areas Access and casing BA Battery room BA Boiler rooms BA Cargo handling (weather deck) BA Control stations (except navigating areas) General DB Control consoles EC Gauge and control boards DB Switchboards DB Engine rooms DB Generator/switchboard rooms DB Fan rooms (ventilation and air conditioning) BA Motor rooms DB Motor generator rooms (cargo handling) BA Pump room DB Shaft alley BA Shaft alley escape AA Steering gear room DB Windlass rooms BA
⊕⊕Transportation-5 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-6 V. TRANSPORTATION(a) Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable LOCATIONS AND TASKS (Uniformity) (b) (b) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Daylighting Integration and Control Direct Glare Flicker (and Strobe) Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Point(s) of Interest Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Sparkle/Desirable Reflected Highlights Surface Characteristics System Control and Flexibility Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance — see end of section Reference Chapter(s) Workshops ( see Machining in Section II, Industrial) General DB On bench top (6) E C Machine shop (6) G E Cargo holds Safety AA During cargo handling DB Passageways and trunks AA
Transportation Terminals Ch. 23 Waiting room and lounge BA Ticket counters ED Baggage checking DB Rest rooms BD Concourse AA Boarding area BB
Notes:
(a) Design issues are listed for room or space. Refer to specfic task under Reading or Graphic Design and Materials, for example, for task design issues and illuminance (b) Low illuminances (less than 30 lux) are given in lux; values greater than 30 lux are given in letter categories.
⊕⊕Transportation-6 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Transportation-7 (1) Consider use of heat lamps to keep foods hot. (2) Higher levels of surgical task lighting may be required for special procedures (3) Potential for heat build-up due to high illuminance levels; consider special optics for heat mitigation. (4) Outdoor pools: 600 lamp lm/m2 (60 lamp lm/ft2); indoor pools: 1000 lamp lm/m2 (100 lamp lm/ft2) (5) At night the wheelhouse must be kept as dark as possible to permit visibility of objects on the water, hazards to navigation, and navigational lights. (6) Potential for degradation with selected materials (plastics or adhesives).
⊕⊕Transportation-7 ⊕ IESNA Lighting Design Guide Safety/Security-1 VI. EMERGENCY, SAFETY, AND SECURITY Very Important Important Somewhat important Blank = Not important or not applicable (a) (a) Design Issues Appearance of Space and Luminaires Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) Direct Glare Flicker Light Distribution on Surfaces Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Light Pollution/Trespass Luminances of Room Surfaces Modeling of Faces or Objects Peripheral Detection Reflected Glare Shadows Source/Task/Eye Geometry Surface Characteristics Special Considerations Notes on Special Considerations Illuminance (Horizontal) Category or Value (lux) Illuminance (Vertical) Category or Value (lux) Notes on Illuminance Reference chapter(s) Emergency Lighting Ch. 29 Egress path 10 (1, 2) Areas adj. to egress path 0.5 (2) Stairwells (2) Exterior path of egress 10 (1, 2)
Safety (2) Ch. 29
Security, Buildings and Grounds Ch. 29 CCTV Surveillance (3) Perimeter Fences for Correctional Facilities 10 (3, 4) Protection of People (3) Residential security (3) Security of property (3)
Notes: (a) Low illuminances (less than 30 lux) are given in lux; values greater than 30 lux are given in letter categories.
(1) 10 lx along center of egress path, 1 lx along 1-m band centered on egress path (2) Minimum illuminance for safety are listed in Chapter 29, Emergency, Safety, and Security (3) Illuminances for security are listed in Chapter 29, Emergency, Safety, and Security (4) Two levels of vertical illuminance are required, one for normal operations (10 lx) and one for full-alert operation (50 lx)
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