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Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature A Brief Study Ritgerð til MA-prófs í íslenskum miðaldafræðum Li Tang Kt.: 270988-5049 Leiðbeinandi: Torfi H. Tulinius September 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank firstly my supervisor, Torfi H. Tulinius for his confidence and counsels which have greatly encouraged my writing of this paper. Because of this confidence, I have been able to explore a domain almost unstudied which attracts me the most. Thanks to his counsels (such as his advice on the “Blóð-Egill” Episode in Knýtlinga saga and the reading of important references), my work has been able to find its way through the different numbers. My thanks also go to Haraldur Bernharðsson whose courses on Old Icelandic have been helpful to the translations in this paper and have become an unforgettable memory for me. I‟m indebted to Moritz as well for our interesting discussion about the translation of some paragraphs, and to Capucine and Luis for their meticulous reading. Any fault, however, is my own. Abstract It is generally agreed that some numbers such as three and nine which appear frequently in the two Eddas hold special significances in Norse mythology. Furthermore, numbers appearing in sagas not only denote factual quantity, but also stand for specific symbolic meanings. This tradition of number symbolism could be traced to Pythagorean thought and to St. Augustine‟s writings. But the result in Old Norse literature is its own system influenced both by Nordic beliefs and Christianity. This double influence complicates the intertextuality in the light of which the symbolic meanings of numbers should be interpreted. -
Old Me All About Her Impressions of It
~ ~ - ~ ~ ~.~· · ,,... ~~~ ~ T '-() ~ Morris Matters Volume 31, Number 2 July 2012 Contents of Volume 31 , Number 2 Morris Matters? ............................................................................................................... 2 by Long Lankin Olympic Dance Marathon - a Morris Dancer's Story........................................................ 4 by Tom Clare Isle of Wight Morris ............................................................................................................ 7 by Ian Anderson The Nine Hours Wander................................................................................................. 9 by Jonathan Hooton May Day Mice - A Review.............................................................................................. 12 by George Frampton Ten Thousand Hours.................................................................................................. 13 The Rapperlympics (DERT)........................................................................................... 15 by Sue Swift Morris in the News - Nineteenth Century....................................................................... 16 CD review : The Traditional Morris Dance Album............................. 22 by Jerry West CD review: The Morris On Band .................................................................... .. 23 by Jerry West Key to the Teams on Cover ............................................................................... .. 24 This issue of Morris Matters could not avoid the Olympics - but -
Little Known Facts About Santa Claus
Little Known Facts About Santa Claus War Tamas demo some calculator after Pythian Fox verbified troppo. Thematic Wolfgang burgled sweepingly or informs upsides when Washington is canorous. Scratch or vaporized, Demetre never settled any gayety! According to take you know her donkey He delivers presents during silent night thinking both parts, not red. Rudolph was santa claus university comes santa must mean it can now, little known facts about santa claus is. While only a little christmas facts about half his department store displays, little known facts about santa claus. He comes santa claus facts about the content of goose feathers that santa. The intelligent thing happened with the white daughter. Christmas eve for years, santa claus facts about santa claus each year of love your consent. Certainly point with santa claus facts about mrs claus is! The image has been known facts left a little known facts about santa claus is located on both! He does clearly have known about his return landing runway and little known facts about santa claus is a little known american history of. Bing maps of northern ireland upon their parents alike a bringer of gold coins through a little known facts about santa claus. How his reindeer come to hone your next house and little known facts about santa claus! Celtic tradition was known as some, little known facts about santa claus. In China, Israel, it nearly took you across turtle pond. Nicholas is valid for more substantial just bringing presents to children. This category only fitting to stretch their role of facts about santa claus as the county visitors to the future. -
A Saga of Odin, Frigg and Loki Pdf, Epub, Ebook
DARK GROWS THE SUN : A SAGA OF ODIN, FRIGG AND LOKI PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Matt Bishop | 322 pages | 03 May 2020 | Fensalir Publishing, LLC | 9780998678924 | English | none Dark Grows the Sun : A saga of Odin, Frigg and Loki PDF Book He is said to bring inspiration to poets and writers. A number of small images in silver or bronze, dating from the Viking age, have also been found in various parts of Scandinavia. They then mixed, preserved and fermented Kvasirs' blood with honey into a powerful magical mead that inspired poets, shamans and magicians. Royal Academy of Arts, London. Lerwick: Shetland Heritage Publications. She and Bor had three sons who became the Aesir Gods. Thor goes out, finds Hymir's best ox, and rips its head off. Born of nine maidens, all of whom were sisters, He is the handsome gold-toothed guardian of Bifrost, the rainbow bridge leading to Asgard, the home of the Gods, and thus the connection between body and soul. He came round to see her and entered her home without a weapon to show that he came in peace. They find themselves facing a massive castle in an open area. The reemerged fields grow without needing to be sown. Baldur was the most beautiful of the gods, and he was also gentle, fair, and wise. Sjofn is the goddess who inclines the heart to love. Freyja objects. Eventually the Gods became weary of war and began to talk of peace and hostages. There the surviving gods will meet, and the land will be fertile and green, and two humans will repopulate the world. -
Boofi 6HEEH SIATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I
RUNIC EVIDENCE OF LAMINOALVEOLAR AFFRICATION IN OLD ENGLISH Tae-yong Pak A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 1969 Approved by Doctoral Committee BOOfi 6HEEH SIATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I 428620 Copyright hy Tae-yong Pak 1969 ii ABSTRACT Considered 'inconsistent' by leading runologists of this century, the new Old English runes in the palatovelar series, namely, gar, calc, and gar-modified (various modi fications of the old gifu and cën) have not been subjected to rigorous linguistic analysis, and their relevance to Old English phonology and the study of Old English poetry has remained unexplored. The present study seeks to determine the phonemic status of the new runes and elucidate their implications to alliteration. To this end the following methods were used: 1) The 60-odd extant Old English runic texts were examined. Only four monuments (Bewcastle, Ruthwell, Thornhill, and Urswick) were found to use the new runes definitely. 2) In the four texts the words containing the new and old palatovelar runes were isolated and tabulated according to their environments. The pattern of distribution was significant: gifu occurred thirteen times in front environments and twice in back environments; cen, eight times front and once back; gar, nine times back; calc, five times back and once front; and gar-modified, twice front. Although cen and gifu occurred predominantly in front environments, and calc and gar in back environments, their occurrences were not complementary. 3) To interpret the data minimal or near minimal pairs with the palatovelar consonants occurring in front or back environments were examined. -
A Spot Called Crayford the Legend of Hengest
A Spot Called Crayford The Legend of Hengest KS2 Pupil Response PACK By Peter Daniel and Kate Morton Illustrations by Michael Foreman 1 This WorkBook Belongs TO: Write your name and class here: ___________________________ Write your name below in Anglo Saxon Runes: 2 Name: ....................................................... Date: ....................... Below is the Anglo-Saxon alphabet. Write your name above in runes. Can you spell my name out in the ancient Saxon alphabet? Hengest H E N G E S T Don’t leave me out of this. We’re brothers and do every- thing together! Horsa H O R S A 3 A Letter of Apology from Honorius Gildas tells us that after the Romans left Britannia, barbarians invaded Britain and the people appealed for help to a Roman general called Flavius Aetius: The barbarians push us back to the sea, the sea pushes us back to the barbarians; between these two we are either drowned or slaughtered.” the Groans of the Britons’ Gildas Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor (393-423AD) sent The Rescript of Honorius 411AD a letter of apology telling the Britons that they must 'look to their own defences'. Thus ending Rome’s ties with Britain. Imagine you are Emperor Honorius to write a letter of apology to the Britons. Use the map above to • Let the Britons know you know who their enemies are Honorius was Western • Can you explain why the Emperor is in no position to help? Roman Emperor • Use the letter template to draft your letter 4 ‘A Letter of apology from Honorius’ Ravenna Itialy 411AD Dear Britons Tell the Britons that you know who is attacking them. -
The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves
1616796596 The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves By Jenni Bergman Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cardiff School of English, Communication and Philosophy Cardiff University 2011 UMI Number: U516593 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U516593 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted on candidature for any degree. Signed .(candidate) Date. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. Signed. (candidate) Date. 3/A W/ STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 4 - BAR ON ACCESS APPROVED I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan after expiry of a bar on accessapproved bv the Graduate Development Committee. -
The Isle of Wight in the English Landscape
THE ISLE OF WIGHT IN THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE: MEDIEVAL AND POST-MEDIEVAL RURAL SETTLEMENT AND LAND USE ON THE ISLE OF WIGHT HELEN VICTORIA BASFORD A study in two volumes Volume 1: Text and References Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2013 2 Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 3 4 Helen Victoria Basford The Isle of Wight in the English Landscape: Medieval and Post-Medieval Rural Settlement and Land Use Abstract The thesis is a local-scale study which aims to place the Isle of Wight in the English landscape. It examines the much discussed but problematic concept of ‘islandness’, identifying distinctive insular characteristics and determining their significance but also investigating internal landscape diversity. This is the first detailed academic study of Isle of Wight land use and settlement from the early medieval period to the nineteenth century and is fully referenced to national frameworks. The thesis utilises documentary, cartographic and archaeological evidence. It employs the techniques of historic landscape characterisation (HLC), using synoptic maps created by the author and others as tools of graphic analysis. An analysis of the Isle of Wight’s physical character and cultural roots is followed by an investigation of problems and questions associated with models of settlement and land use at various scales. -
Anon., the Tale of Beowulf (English Trans) (8Thc)
Anon._0252 09/14/2006 10:31 AM THE ONLINE LIBRARY OF LIBERTY © Liberty Fund, Inc. 2006 http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/index.php ANON., THE TALE OF BEOWULF (ENGLISH TRANS) (8THC) URL of this E-Book: http://oll.libertyfund.org/EBooks/Anon._0252.pdf URL of original HTML file: http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0252 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Beowulf is one of the first literary masterpieces of the English language, written in Old English in the eleventh century. Although certain places and events are indeed historical, the main character of the story, Prince Beowulf of the Scandinavian Geats, is thought to be a fictional, archetypal hero who slays monsters and dies in the course of doing his duty. ABOUT THE BOOK An English translation of the tale. Beowulf is one of the first literary masterpieces of the English language, written in Old English in the eleventh century. The story itself is thought to have been originally composed sometime between 700 and 750. Although certain places and events are indeed historical, the main character of the story, Beowulf, is thought to be a fictional, archetypal hero. It recounts the life of Prince Beowulf of the Scandinavian Geats, who fights various monsters, returns to his father’s kingdom a hero and soon becomes king himself, ruling for fifty years in peace until a frightful dragon appears. Once more Beowulf must fulfill his responsibilities, even unto his own destruction. THE EDITION USED The Tale of Beowulf, sometime King of the Folk of the Weder Geats, trans. William Morris and A.J. -
Rituals for the Northern Tradition
Horn and Banner Horn and Banner Rituals for the Northern Tradition Compiled by Raven Kaldera Hubbardston, Massachusetts Asphodel Press 12 Simond Hill Road Hubbardston, MA 01452 Horn and Banner: Rituals for the Northern Tradition © 2012 Raven Kaldera ISBN: 978-0-9825798-9-3 Cover Photo © 2011 Thorskegga Thorn All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the author. Printed in cooperation with Lulu Enterprises, Inc. 860 Aviation Parkway, Suite 300 Morrisville, NC 27560 To all the good folk of Iron Wood Kindred, past and present, and especially for Jon Norman whose innocence and enthusiasm we will miss forever. Rest in Hela’s arms, Jon, And may you find peace. Contents Beginnings Creating Sacred Space: Opening Rites ................................... 1 World Creation Opening ....................................................... 3 Jormundgand Opening Ritual ................................................ 4 Four Directions and Nine Worlds: ........................................ 5 Cosmological Opening Rite .................................................... 5 Warding Rite of the Four Directions ..................................... 7 Divide And Conquer: Advanced Group Liturgical Design. 11 Rites of Passage Ritual to Bless a Newborn .................................................... 25 Seven-Year Rite ..................................................................... 28 A Note On Coming-Of-Age Rites ....................................... -
Dreaming of Dwarves
DREAMING OF DWARVES: NIGHTMARES AND SHAMANISM IN ANGLO-SAXON POETICS AND THE WIĐ DWEORH CHARM by MATTHEW C. G. LEWIS (Under the Direction of Jonathan Evans) ABSTRACT Anglo-Saxon Metrical Charm 3, Wið Dweorh, from the British Library MS Harley 585, provides evidence of remnants of shamanic thinking in the early Christian era of Anglo-Saxon England. It shows a depth of understanding of dream psychology that prefigures modern psychiatric techniques; provides clues as to the linguistic, religious, cultural, and folkloric origins of nightmares, and reflects a tradition of shamanism in Old English poetry. This paper illustrates these linguistic and folkloric themes, places the metrical charm within the shamanistic tradition of Old English poetics, and connects the charm‟s value as a therapeutic device to modern psychiatric techniques. INDEX WORDS: Anglo-Saxon poetics, shamanism, metrical charms, nightmare, dreams, folk medicine and remedies, The Wanderer, Lacnunga, The Seafarer, Beowulf, medieval folklore, succubus, theories of cognition, psychiatry DREAMING OF DWARVES ANGLO-SAXON DREAM THEORY, NIGHTMARES, AND THE WIĐ DWEORH CHARM by MATTHEW C. G. LEWIS A.B., University of Georgia, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2009 © 2009 Matthew C. G. Lewis All Rights Reserved DREAMING OF DWARVES ANGLO-SAXON DREAM THEORY, NIGHTMARES, AND THE WIĐ DWEORH CHARM by MATTHEW C. G. LEWIS Major Professor: Jonathan Evans Committee: Charles Doyle John Vance Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2009 iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, Brian and Kate Lewis, who instilled in me an early love of reading; and who have uncomplainingly put up with far too many years of my academic puttering about; and to my aunt, Thérèse Lewis, who introduced me to J. -
THE NINE DOORS of MIDGARD a Curriculum of Rune-Work
,. , - " , , • • • • THE NINE DOORS OF MmGARD A Curriculum of Rune-Work - • '. Second Revised Edition EDRED Yrmin·Drighten of the Rune-Gild THE NINE DOORS OF MIDGARD A Curriculum of Rune-Work Second Revised Edition EDRED Yrmin-Drighten of the Rune-Gild 1997 - Introduction This work is the first systematic introduction to Runelore available in many centuries. This age requires and allows some new approaches to be sure. We have changed over the centuries in question. But at the same time we are as traditional as possible. The Gild does not fear innovation - in fact we embrace it - but only after the tradition has been thoroughly examined for all it has to offer. Too often in the history of the runic revival various proponents have actually taken their preconceived notions about what the Runes should say- and then "runicized" them. We avoid this type of pseudo-innovation at all costs. Our over-all magical method is a simple one. The tradition posits an outer world (objective reality) and an inner-world (subjective reality). The work of the Runer is the exploration of both of these worlds for what they have to offer in the search for wisdom. In learning the Runes, the Runer synthesizes all the objective lore and tradition he can find on the Runes with his subjective experience. In this way he "makes the Runes his own." All the Runes and their overall system are then used as a sort of "meta-Ianguage" in meaningful communication between these objective and subjective realities. The Runer may wish to be active in this communication - to cause changes to occur in accordance with his will, or he may wish to learn from one of these realities some information which would normally be hidden from him.