YULE CAT a Holiday Adventure for Mythic Iceland
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Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature A Brief Study Ritgerð til MA-prófs í íslenskum miðaldafræðum Li Tang Kt.: 270988-5049 Leiðbeinandi: Torfi H. Tulinius September 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank firstly my supervisor, Torfi H. Tulinius for his confidence and counsels which have greatly encouraged my writing of this paper. Because of this confidence, I have been able to explore a domain almost unstudied which attracts me the most. Thanks to his counsels (such as his advice on the “Blóð-Egill” Episode in Knýtlinga saga and the reading of important references), my work has been able to find its way through the different numbers. My thanks also go to Haraldur Bernharðsson whose courses on Old Icelandic have been helpful to the translations in this paper and have become an unforgettable memory for me. I‟m indebted to Moritz as well for our interesting discussion about the translation of some paragraphs, and to Capucine and Luis for their meticulous reading. Any fault, however, is my own. Abstract It is generally agreed that some numbers such as three and nine which appear frequently in the two Eddas hold special significances in Norse mythology. Furthermore, numbers appearing in sagas not only denote factual quantity, but also stand for specific symbolic meanings. This tradition of number symbolism could be traced to Pythagorean thought and to St. Augustine‟s writings. But the result in Old Norse literature is its own system influenced both by Nordic beliefs and Christianity. This double influence complicates the intertextuality in the light of which the symbolic meanings of numbers should be interpreted. -
Little Known Facts About Santa Claus
Little Known Facts About Santa Claus War Tamas demo some calculator after Pythian Fox verbified troppo. Thematic Wolfgang burgled sweepingly or informs upsides when Washington is canorous. Scratch or vaporized, Demetre never settled any gayety! According to take you know her donkey He delivers presents during silent night thinking both parts, not red. Rudolph was santa claus university comes santa must mean it can now, little known facts about santa claus is. While only a little christmas facts about half his department store displays, little known facts about santa claus. He comes santa claus facts about the content of goose feathers that santa. The intelligent thing happened with the white daughter. Christmas eve for years, santa claus facts about santa claus each year of love your consent. Certainly point with santa claus facts about mrs claus is! The image has been known facts left a little known facts about santa claus is located on both! He does clearly have known about his return landing runway and little known facts about santa claus is a little known american history of. Bing maps of northern ireland upon their parents alike a bringer of gold coins through a little known facts about santa claus. How his reindeer come to hone your next house and little known facts about santa claus! Celtic tradition was known as some, little known facts about santa claus. In China, Israel, it nearly took you across turtle pond. Nicholas is valid for more substantial just bringing presents to children. This category only fitting to stretch their role of facts about santa claus as the county visitors to the future. -
A Saga of Odin, Frigg and Loki Pdf, Epub, Ebook
DARK GROWS THE SUN : A SAGA OF ODIN, FRIGG AND LOKI PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Matt Bishop | 322 pages | 03 May 2020 | Fensalir Publishing, LLC | 9780998678924 | English | none Dark Grows the Sun : A saga of Odin, Frigg and Loki PDF Book He is said to bring inspiration to poets and writers. A number of small images in silver or bronze, dating from the Viking age, have also been found in various parts of Scandinavia. They then mixed, preserved and fermented Kvasirs' blood with honey into a powerful magical mead that inspired poets, shamans and magicians. Royal Academy of Arts, London. Lerwick: Shetland Heritage Publications. She and Bor had three sons who became the Aesir Gods. Thor goes out, finds Hymir's best ox, and rips its head off. Born of nine maidens, all of whom were sisters, He is the handsome gold-toothed guardian of Bifrost, the rainbow bridge leading to Asgard, the home of the Gods, and thus the connection between body and soul. He came round to see her and entered her home without a weapon to show that he came in peace. They find themselves facing a massive castle in an open area. The reemerged fields grow without needing to be sown. Baldur was the most beautiful of the gods, and he was also gentle, fair, and wise. Sjofn is the goddess who inclines the heart to love. Freyja objects. Eventually the Gods became weary of war and began to talk of peace and hostages. There the surviving gods will meet, and the land will be fertile and green, and two humans will repopulate the world. -
The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves
1616796596 The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves By Jenni Bergman Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cardiff School of English, Communication and Philosophy Cardiff University 2011 UMI Number: U516593 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U516593 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted on candidature for any degree. Signed .(candidate) Date. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. Signed. (candidate) Date. 3/A W/ STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 4 - BAR ON ACCESS APPROVED I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan after expiry of a bar on accessapproved bv the Graduate Development Committee. -
Rituals for the Northern Tradition
Horn and Banner Horn and Banner Rituals for the Northern Tradition Compiled by Raven Kaldera Hubbardston, Massachusetts Asphodel Press 12 Simond Hill Road Hubbardston, MA 01452 Horn and Banner: Rituals for the Northern Tradition © 2012 Raven Kaldera ISBN: 978-0-9825798-9-3 Cover Photo © 2011 Thorskegga Thorn All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the author. Printed in cooperation with Lulu Enterprises, Inc. 860 Aviation Parkway, Suite 300 Morrisville, NC 27560 To all the good folk of Iron Wood Kindred, past and present, and especially for Jon Norman whose innocence and enthusiasm we will miss forever. Rest in Hela’s arms, Jon, And may you find peace. Contents Beginnings Creating Sacred Space: Opening Rites ................................... 1 World Creation Opening ....................................................... 3 Jormundgand Opening Ritual ................................................ 4 Four Directions and Nine Worlds: ........................................ 5 Cosmological Opening Rite .................................................... 5 Warding Rite of the Four Directions ..................................... 7 Divide And Conquer: Advanced Group Liturgical Design. 11 Rites of Passage Ritual to Bless a Newborn .................................................... 25 Seven-Year Rite ..................................................................... 28 A Note On Coming-Of-Age Rites ....................................... -
Ways of the Asatru
Ways of the Ásatrú Beliefs of the Modern, Northern Heathens By Michael J. Smith © Michael J. Smith 2003 All Rights Reserved. Permission to reprint, reproduce, or utilize sections of this book is given, so long as it remains unaltered, in its entirety, that it is not sold for monetary gain, and acknowledgement of the author is given. Harvest-Moon Publishing ***Author’s Note: The Old Norse/Scandinavian letter “þ” is pronounced like in “thin” but with a more pronounced “t” sound and the letter “ð” is pronounced harder, like in “the”.*** 2 Ways of the Ásatrú Beliefs of the Northern, Modern Heathens By Michael J. Smith Published by: Harvest-Moon Publishing 3 Contents: Preface ……………………………………………………………..5 Introduction ………………………………………………………..6 Chapter 1: The Tenets of Ásatrú ………………………………….7 Chapter 2: The Nature of Divinity and Deity in Ásatrú …………..9 Chapter 3: The Deities of Ásatrú ………………………………..12 Chapter 4: Other Divine/Semi-Divine Beings …………………..26 Chapter 5: Ancestors and Ancestor-Worship …………………...30 Chapter 6: Blóts, Fórns, Feasts, and Sumbles …………………...31 Chapter 7: Daily Devotions and Rites of Passage ……………….41 Chapter 8: Living Trú …………………………………………...46 Afterword ………………………………………………………...49 Appendix A: Ritual Regalia ……………………………………..50 Appendix B: Holy Symbols ……………………………………...52 Appendix C: Sample Hátíð Rituals ………………………………54 Appendix D: The Beginner’s Booklist …………………………...67 Appendix E: Bibliography ………………………………………..69 About the Author ………………………………………………….73 4 Preface: ..."Heed my words, my children, and the gods of antiquity will be the gods of the future." --The Odin Brotherhood, by Dr. Mark L. Mirabello There are two issues which I would like to bring to the reader's attention concerning this book. The first would be that this book should not, by any means, be considered an absolute authority on Ásatrú. -
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD the Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD The Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P The image of a giant sword mel� ng stands at the structural and thema� c heart of the Old ETTIT Celestial Myth in Beowulf English heroic poem Beowulf. This me� culously researched book inves� gates the nature and signifi cance of this golden-hilted weapon and its likely rela� ves within Beowulf and beyond, drawing on the fi elds of Old English and Old Norse language and literature, liturgy, archaeology, astronomy, folklore and compara� ve mythology. In Part I, Pe� t explores the complex of connota� ons surrounding this image (from icicles to candles and crosses) by examining a range of medieval sources, and argues that the giant sword may func� on as a visual mo� f in which pre-Chris� an Germanic concepts and prominent Chris� an symbols coalesce. In Part II, Pe� t inves� gates the broader Germanic background to this image, especially in rela� on to the god Ing/Yngvi-Freyr, and explores the capacity of myths to recur and endure across � me. Drawing on an eclec� c range of narra� ve and linguis� c evidence from Northern European texts, and on archaeological discoveries, Pe� t suggests that the T image of the giant sword, and the characters and events associated with it, may refl ect HE an elemental struggle between the sun and the moon, ar� culated through an underlying W myth about the the� and repossession of sunlight. ANING The Waning Sword: Conversion Imagery and Celesti al Myth in Beowulf is a welcome contribu� on to the overlapping fi elds of Beowulf-scholarship, Old Norse-Icelandic literature and Germanic philology. -
The Anglo Saxons and Their Gods (Still) Among Us
This work has been submitted to NECTAR, the Northampton Electronic Collection of Theses and Research. Conference or Workshop Item Title: The Anglo Saxons and their gods (still) among us Creators: Mackley, J. S. Example citation: Mackley, J. S. (2012) The Anglo Saxons and thReir gods (still) among us. Lecture presented to: The University of Northampton Staff Research Forum, The University of Northampton, 12 March 2012A. Version: Presented version T http://nectarC.northampton.ac.uk/4947/ NE 1 The Anglo Saxons – and their gods (still) among us JON MACKLEY Who do you think we were? This is the fourth in a series of independent papers that considers England’s lost mythology. The central premise is that we have, as a nation, lost the core of the country’s mythology, or it is now in a completely altered form. This is largely because the stories of the deeds of gods and heroes have been superseded by more recent belief systems and new heroes, whether these are in the form of comic heroes, film, music or sports icons. In previous papers, I suggested that, amongst other things, the landscape offers some clues to link us to this forgotten past, which, in turn leads us to the mythology and traditions of much older cultures. These can help fill in some gaps in our understanding. In this paper, I want to consider the arrival of Saxon culture in Britain, a culture which appeared before the Romans departed from Britain and continued after the arrival of Christianity which appropriated some Saxon traditions and practices. More importantly, despite a sustained attempt by the Christian missionaries to eradicate these practices, they still resonate in today’s society. -
Wayland Smith : a Dissertation on a Tradition of the Middle Ages
p. KENNEDY, ANGLESEA STREET, Tliree doors from College Green. XgamMé^f^ ^ .' WAYLAND SMITH. A DISSERTATION ON A TRADITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. FROM THE FRENCH OF G. B. DEPPING AND FRANCISQUE MICHEL. WITH ADDITIONS BY S. W. SINGER. AND THE AMPLIFIED LEGEND 13 Y OEHLENSCHLAGER. LONDON: WILLIAM PICKERING. 1847. TO MRS. KINNEAR, WHOSE TRANSLATION FROM OEHLENSCHLAGER FURNISHES THE MOST ATTRACTIVE PORTION, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY HER AFFECTIONATE FRIEND S. W. SINGER. PREFACE. The use which Sir Walter Scott made of this legend in his romance of Kenilworth, has given it universal celebrity, but, inde- pendent of this claim to our attention, it may be considered as one of the most interesting of the old Sagas of the North. The rifacci- mento of it by Adam Oehlenschlager was first written by him in Danish about the year 1800, and he afterwards re- wrote it in Ger- man, from which language the following version has been made. The dissertation appended to it will show how gradually it has been built up, and how skilfully from its fragmentary state the Danish poet has constructed a poetical tale breathing the wild spirit of his native land. A dissertation on a popular tale may at first glance appear to be a trifling thing. Nevertheless, when this tale is of remote origin ; when it has amused the people of the South and of the North, and given occupa- tion to poets, to writers of romance, and to mythologers of various ages ; when it has passed from one language and from one country to another, it is no longer an object to be despised. -
6 the Frigg Field Reservoir: Characteristics and Perf Ormance
88 North Sea Oil and Gas Reseruoirs sequence can be correlated over wide areas of the field, CONCLUSIONS particularly in the north, and its effectiveness as a per meability barrier to water has been modelled as a func The results of the recent appraisal wells have demon tion of its thickness and vertical continuity as seen in the strated clearly that water encroachment into the Frigg wells. reservoir is not a simple case of bottom water drive. The sequence between the "Odin Shale" and the "Intra There is now little doubt that parts of the field are being Frigg Shales", at the boundary between the upper and depleted by edge water drive. The water encroachment lower Frigg members, consists of massive sands, proba is being controlled to some extent by the presence of bly channellized through the platform area of the field shale barriers within the reservoir sands. The description where this sequence is thickest. Thin shale sequences and prediction of these shale layers is of paramount within these massive sands do give rise to pressure bar importance to reservoir performance as it is possible that riers in some of the wells, but these barriers are production will cease due to water encroachment rather apparently of limited lateral extent and do not prevent than pressure depletion. The presence of isolated gas water movement through the unit. pockets in the field may be sufficient to warrant future 6 The Frigg Field reservoir: The "Intra Frigg Shales" (IFS) lie below an angular development either from the present installations or unconformity at the base of the massive sands. -
Sacrifice and Sacrificial Ideology in Old Norse Religion
Sacrifice and Sacrificial Ideology in Old Norse Religion Daniel Bray The practice of sacrifice is often treated as 'the dark side' of Old Norse heathenism, by both medieval Christian commentators and modern scholars alike. However, within Norse religious practice, sacrificial ritual (blot) was one of the most central acts of religious observance. This paper will seek to examine aspects of the significance of blot within Old Norse religion, the ideology of sacrifice as it operated within this tradition and its relation to other Indo-European traditions, and the reactions to the issue of sacrifice by medieval contemporaries and modern scholarship. An examination of Old Norse literature relating to religious practice demonstrates the importance of blot within the religious life of the heathens of Scandinavia. Well over one hundred and fifty references to blot can be found in different sources, including Eddic and skaldic poetry, early historical works and annals, legal material, and saga literature. There are no extant scriptures or religious manuals from the heathen Norse that give a detailed explanation of the theory and operation of sacrifice. However, the accounts of sacrificial practice, taken altogether, provide a wealth of knowledge about how it was performed, by whom and to whom, as well as where, when and under what circumstances it was performed. The Old Norse verb bl6ta, which means 'to sacrifice', also has the extended meaning 'to worship', particularly by means of sacrifice, which testifies to the importance of sacrifice as a form of worship. In a language that had no proper word for its indigenous religion, the word blot had become a by-word for all things heathen, evidenced by terms such as blotdomr, blotskapr, or blotnaor 'heathen worship', bl6thus 'temple', bl6tmaor 'heathen worshipper' and even bl6tguo 'heathen god'.1 A survey of the literature reveals a number of essential features of sacrificial ritual in Old Norse heathenism. -
To View Sample Game Materials
8-20 Guests Electronic Version A MyMysteryParty game. All rights reserved. Worldwide copyright laws and conventions protect all mymysteryparty.com printed materials. This document may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, scanning or by any information storage and retrieval system without express written consent from mymysteryparty.com. The buyer has purchased this as a single use game and is hereby entitled to use these materials for one event only in a private setting. The buyer shall purchase Multi-Use licenses from mymysteryparty.com in the event this game is to be utilized for multiple events in any setting (commercial venue, private home, etc.). DISCLAIMER: Because we have no control over the application and production of this game, mymysteryparty.com cannot guarantee results and will not be responsible for any personal injury, death and/or loss to participants. No use of this production other than the stated entertainment use is implied or intended. Such use is the sole responsibility of the user. The subject matter contained here is fiction and is intended purely for entertainment. The names and actions carried out by the characters are not intended to represent or imply the behavior of any person, living or dead. Any likenesses to real persons or events are purely coincidental. TABLE OF CONTENTS: LIST OF CHARACTERS FOR THE HOST 2 HOST INSTRUCTIONS 4 BONUS GAMES 8 MENU SUGGESTIONS 15 GUEST LIST 19 GUEST INSTRUCTIONS 22 PRE-GAME STARTER CARDS 23 ROUND ONE CLUE CARDS 33 ROUND TWO CLUE CARDS 43 MYSTERY INVESTIGATION SHEETS 54 ROUND TWO REQUIRED FINGERPRINT CHALLENGE 74-75 ROUND THREE SOLUTION CARDS **DO NOT VIEW IF YOU WANT TO KEEP THE SURPRISE 76-85 ON WHO THE GUILTY ONE IS.