Terrorism Proposed
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International Comparison of Bank Fraud
Journal of Cybersecurity, 3(2), 2017, 109–125 doi: 10.1093/cybsec/tyx011 Research paper Research paper International comparison of bank fraud reimbursement: customer perceptions and contractual terms Ingolf Becker,1,* Alice Hutchings,2 Ruba Abu-Salma,1 Ross Anderson,2 Nicholas Bohm,3 Steven J. Murdoch,1 M. Angela Sasse,1 and Gianluca Stringhini1 1Computer Science Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT; 2 University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FD; 3Foundation for Information Policy Research *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Received 7 May 2017; accepted 17 November 2017 Abstract The study presented in this article investigated to what extent bank customers understand the terms and conditions (T&Cs) they have signed up to. If many customers are not able to understand T&Cs and the behaviours they are expected to comply with, they risk not being compensated when their accounts are breached. An expert analysis of 30 bank contracts across 25 countries found that most contract terms were too vague for customers to infer required behaviour. In some cases the rules vary for different products, meaning the advice can be contradictory at worst. While many banks allow customers to write Personal identification numbers (PINs) down (as long as they are disguised and not kept with the card), 20% of banks categorically forbid writing PINs down, and a handful stipulate that the customer have a unique PIN for each account. We tested our findings in a survey with 151 participants in Germany, the USA and UK. They mostly agree: only 35% fully understand the T&Cs, and 28% find important sections are unclear. -
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress December 2, 2010 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41514 Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress Summary This report and its appendixes provide background information on Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, and U.S. policy towards it. It also includes information and analysis on (1) the threats Hamas currently poses to U.S. interests, (2) how Hamas compares with other Middle East terrorist groups, (3) Hamas’s ideology and policies (both generally and on discrete issues), (4) its leadership and organization, and (5) its sources of assistance. Finally, the report raises and discusses various legislative and oversight options related to foreign aid strategies, financial sanctions, and regional and international political approaches. In evaluating these options, Congress can assess how Hamas has emerged and adapted over time, and also scrutinize the track record of U.S., Israeli, and international policy to counter Hamas. Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada consider Hamas a terrorist organization because of (1) its violent resistance to what it deems Israeli occupation of historic Palestine (constituting present-day Israel, West Bank, and Gaza Strip), and (2) its rejection of the off-and-on peace process involving Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since the early 1990s. Since Hamas’s inception in 1987, it has maintained its primary base of political support and its military command in the Gaza Strip—a territory it has controlled since June 2007—while also having a significant presence in the West Bank. -
Have Funneled Millions of Dollars to Hamas
Case 3:04-cr-00240-P Document 1243 Filed 11/12/2008 Page 1 of 40 IN TI-IE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DlSTRlCT OF TEXAS DALLAS DIVISION m'ITTD STATES OF AMERICA 5 sr NO. 3104-CR-240-P S HOLY LAND FOUNDATION FOR s RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT (1) 5 also kno\vn as the "HLF" 5 Supersedes lndictmenr Returned On SHLWABU BAKER (7 I 5 July 26.2004 MOHAMMAD EL-MEZAIN (3) S GHASSAN ELASHI (4) S HAITHPLM MAGHAW (5) 5 AICRPLM MJSIIAL (6) S MUFID ABDLILQADER (7 ) >5 ABDULRAHIvlAN ODEI-I (8) S INDI CTMEN'T The Grand Jury Charges: INTRODUCTION At all times material herein: 1. The tlarakat al-Muqawamah al-lslamiyya is Arabic for "11e Isla~nicResistance Movement" and is known by the acronym HAMS. HAMAS: which is sometilnes rererred to by its followers as "The Movement," is a terrorist organization based in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Gaza). HAMAS was founded in 1987 by Sheikh .4hmed Yassin as an outgrolvth of the Palestinian branch of the Musli~nBrotherhood. The Muslirn Brotllerhood is an international Isla~nicorganization founded in Egypt in 1928 Superseding Indictment - Page 1 Case 3:04-cr-00240-P Document 1243 Filed 11/12/2008 Page 2 of 40 and is collllnitted to the globalization of Islam through social engineering and violent jihad (holy war). H.4hV.S' published charter states that WMAS' purpose is to create an Islamic Palestinian state throughout lsrael by eliminating the State of lsrael through violen1 jiltad. 2. HAh4AS acllieves its goals through a militant wing. -
Palestinian Forces
Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The -
United States District Court Eastern District of New
Case 1:04-cv-02799-BMC-PK Document 542 Filed 02/26/09 Page 1 of 18 PageID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK -------------------------------------------------------x COURTNEY LINDE, et al., Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM AND ORDER - v - CV-04-2799 (NG)(VVP) ARAB BANK, PLC, et al., Defendants. -------------------------------------------------------x PHILIP LITLE, et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-04-5449 (NG)(VVP) ARAB BANK, PLC, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff. - v - BANK HAPOALIM, et al., Third Party Defendants. --------------------------------------------------------x ORAN ALMOG, et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-04-5564 (NG)(VVP) ARAB BANK, PLC, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, - v - BANK HAPOALIM, et al., Third Party Defendants. --------------------------------------------------------x ROBERT L. COULTER, SR., et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-05-365 (NG)(VVP) ARAB BANK, PLC, Defendant. --------------------------------------------------------x GILA AFRIAT-KURTZER, et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-05-388 (NG)(VVP) ARAB BANK, PLC, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, - v - BANK HAPOALIM, et al., Third Party Defendants. --------------------------------------------------------x MICHAEL BENNETT et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-05-3183 (NG)(VVP) Case 1:04-cv-02799-BMC-PK Document 542 Filed 02/26/09 Page 2 of 18 PageID #: <pageID> ARAB BANK, PLC, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, - v - BANK HAPOALIM, et al., Third Party Defendants. --------------------------------------------------------x ARNOLD ROTH, et al., Plaintiffs, - v - CV-05-3738 (NG)(VVP) -
Democratizing the PLO
PRIO POLICY BRIEF 03 2012 Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 gate Hausmanns Address: Visiting NO Grønland, 9229 PO Box (PRIO) Oslo Institute Research Peace Democratizing the PLO Prospects and Obstacles - 0134 Oslo, Norway Oslo, 0134 Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 gate Hausmanns Address: Visiting NO Grønland, 9229 PO Box War (CSCW) Civil of Study the for Centre While the PLO has been recognized both by the international commu- nity and by Israel as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, the organization remains undemocratic. Its leadership is not elected. The PLO represents the secular resistance groups of the past, - 0134 Oslo, Norway Oslo, 0134 not the political reality of today. In 2011, however, an agreement was reached between the main Palestinian political groups to hold elections for the PLO. It is planned that these elections will include all Palestini- ans, regardless of their location, in accordance with the principle of ful- ISBN: 978 ISBN: www.prio.no ly proportional representation. Recent Arab uprisings for democracy make regional conditions favourable for the holding of such elections. - 82 - 7288 Meanwhile, Western governments fear that the PLO could come to be - 408 dominated by Islamists who do not recognize the State of Israel. In the - 5 (online); (online); past, such considerations have discouraged the PLO from opening up 978 for democratic reforms. However, the fall of President Hosni Mubarak - 82 - in Egypt has acted as a warning to PLO leaders that sustaining an un- 7288 - 409 democratic and secular PLO could hit back with a vengeance. - 2 (print) Dag Tuastad Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) The Legitimacy Crisis tation might be in the context of Palestinian Palestinian people at large. -
The Arab-Israeli Conflict and Civil Litigation Against Terrorism
SCHUPACK IN FINAL 9/8/2010 11:38:51 AM THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT AND CIVIL LITIGATION AGAINST TERRORISM ADAM N. SCHUPACK† ABSTRACT The Arab-Israeli conflict has been a testing ground for the involvement of U.S. courts in foreign conflicts and for the concept of civil litigation against terrorists. Plaintiffs on both sides of the dispute have sought to recover damages in U.S. courts, embroiling the courts in one of the world’s most contentious political disputes. Plaintiffs bringing claims against the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Palestinian Authority, material supporters of terrorism, and the Islamic Republic of Iran have been aided by congressional statutes passed precisely to enhance their ability to bring such lawsuits, whereas plaintiffs bringing suit against Israel or Israeli leaders have not had the benefit of such laws. Although the courts have sought to give effect to the congressional authorization embodied in these statutes, they have faced the resistance—at times half-hearted—of the executive branch, which regards such legislative and judicial involvement as an intrusion on its foreign policy prerogatives. Though these lawsuits have been subject to criticism and have not fully achieved the goals attributed to them, U.S. courts have largely acted within the authority given them by Congress and the executive branch in hearing the suits, and there is at least some evidence that such lawsuits constitute an effective tool in the fight against terrorism. INTRODUCTION Alisa Flatow, a twenty-year-old Brandeis University student studying in Israel, was killed on April 9, 1995, when Palestinian Copyright © 2010 Adam N. -
Philippine Ambassador to Israel Visited the ZAKA Headquarters in Jerusalem
NEWSZAK A Rosh Hashanah Annual Summary FOR OUR ENEMIES, NOWHERE IN ISRAEL IS BEYOND REACH FOR ZAKA, NOWHERE IN ISRAEL IS BEYOND COVER Dear Friends of ZAKA, Welcome to this Rosh Hashanah Summary edition of NewsZAKA, bringing you up to date with the latest ZAKA activity. We are proud to highlight in this newsletter both the domestic and international aspects of ZAKA's work. In August, ZAKA was honoured at a tribute evening for the volunteers who served throughout Operation Protective Edge. The President of Israel, Mr Reuven Rivlin, thanked the ZAKA volunteers for their dedication and selfless work throughout the long, hard days & weeks of the operation. The President said: "As always, ZAKA volunteers are pioneers, leading the pack. We see you at every incident, helping others, saving lives, honouring the dead. Your dedication has become world-renowned. ZAKA and its volunteers are the best example of sharing the burden in Israeli society." Please read on for an in-depth feature of ZAKA’s work during the Gaza conflict as well as a selection of stories – some happy, others sad or serious – all with one common thread: the 1,650 selfless ZAKA Volunteers who give up everything, at a moment’s notice, to help others in their ultimate time of need. Wherever in the world they may be. They happened at different times over the last year and highlight a small section of our activity at ZAKA. ZAKA relies solely on donations from the general public both in Israel and throughout the Diaspora. If you are able to make a donation at this time please visit one of our websites. -
Families Forum a Discussion Guide a Documentary Film Directed By
The Parent Circle – Families Forum Presents: A Documentary Film Directed by Emmy Award Winner Tor Ben Mayor A Discussion Guide www.theparentscircle.org [email protected] A Note from the Parents Circle – Families Forum Dear Viewer, We are so pleased that you have chosen to screen Two Sided Story. Whether you are watching this film with your class, synagogue, church, mosque, dialogue group or your friends in your own living room, we thank you for joining us in our work to promote reconciliation and understanding of many sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We are all familiar with the stories presented by the media. They mostly focus on the events that mark the conflict’s history and on their political repercussions. But, there are other stories that are rarely told. They are the human stories. Two Sided Story immerses you in the conflict in the most personal way. You will join 27 Palestinians and Israelis on a unique journey that began in July 2011. Among the participants are bereaved families, Orthodox Jews and religious Muslims, settlers, former IDF soldiers, ex- security prisoners, citizens of the Gaza Strip, kibbutz members, second-generation Holocaust survivors and non-violent activists. Regardless of your political beliefs, you will be transported by the film’s first-person perspective. You will experience what the participants experienced. You will see the conflict through their eyes, deeply emotional and rooted in mistrust. Understanding comes slowly as Two Sided Story brings Palestinians and Israelis together for their first face-to-face meeting facilitated by the Parents Circle-Families Forum. -
Chapter 30 Prevention of Lasting Traumatization in Direct and Indirect Victims of Terrorism
Chapter 30 Prevention of Lasting Traumatization in Direct and Indirect Victims of Terrorism Shannon Nash In the wake of a terrorist attack there is an expectation of trauma after such purposeful and unpredictable violence. The nature of terrorism itself perpetuates fear, paranoia, and anxiety. However, there is immense variability in response to trauma, both immediately and over time. Studies on direct and proximal exposure to attacks, as well as individual response to terrorism and indirect exposure, demonstrate that the impact of terrorist attacks is not limited to those directly affected by it. This chapter reviews the findings of important studies and practical efforts to anticipate and reduce risk factors contributing to lasting traumatization of terrorist victims. Several areas of focus emerge in the literature involving major national traumas, first responders, children, the media, and community support. In addition, it is important to understand the experience of others who have faced such trauma and have built resilience. This includes countries which have faced chronic terrorism and decades of war that have left citizens profoundly affected, psychologically and socially. Important gaps remain in our understanding of lasting traumatization in direct and indirect victims of terrorism. This chapter identifies a variety of flexible responses and mental health strategies which include: support for first responders, promotion of resilience in children, media delivery and consumption, and rapidly adapting community-based initiatives. It is a challenge to rely on hypotheticals in disaster planning, but preparation both before and after an attack occurs contribute toward effective, abiding responses that can be built into permanent infrastructures and public health models. -
Participant List
Participant List 10/20/2019 8:45:44 AM Category First Name Last Name Position Organization Nationality CSO Jillian Abballe UN Advocacy Officer and Anglican Communion United States Head of Office Ramil Abbasov Chariman of the Managing Spektr Socio-Economic Azerbaijan Board Researches and Development Public Union Babak Abbaszadeh President and Chief Toronto Centre for Global Canada Executive Officer Leadership in Financial Supervision Amr Abdallah Director, Gulf Programs Educaiton for Employment - United States EFE HAGAR ABDELRAHM African affairs & SDGs Unit Maat for Peace, Development Egypt AN Manager and Human Rights Abukar Abdi CEO Juba Foundation Kenya Nabil Abdo MENA Senior Policy Oxfam International Lebanon Advisor Mala Abdulaziz Executive director Swift Relief Foundation Nigeria Maryati Abdullah Director/National Publish What You Pay Indonesia Coordinator Indonesia Yussuf Abdullahi Regional Team Lead Pact Kenya Abdulahi Abdulraheem Executive Director Initiative for Sound Education Nigeria Relationship & Health Muttaqa Abdulra'uf Research Fellow International Trade Union Nigeria Confederation (ITUC) Kehinde Abdulsalam Interfaith Minister Strength in Diversity Nigeria Development Centre, Nigeria Kassim Abdulsalam Zonal Coordinator/Field Strength in Diversity Nigeria Executive Development Centre, Nigeria and Farmers Advocacy and Support Initiative in Nig Shahlo Abdunabizoda Director Jahon Tajikistan Shontaye Abegaz Executive Director International Insitute for Human United States Security Subhashini Abeysinghe Research Director Verite -
Global Jewish Forum Haredim and the Jewish Collective: Engaging with Voices from the Field
Global Jewish Forum Haredim and the Jewish Collective: Engaging with Voices from the Field Presented by Makom 27 th February, 2012 - 4 Adar I, 5772 For internal educational use only Printed at the Jewish Agency 1 Table of Contents The Back Story • What is Orthodoxy? Samuel C. Heilman and Menachem Friedman, The Haredim in Israel • Zionism and Judaism From The Jewish Political Tradition Volume 1 Authority (2000) • The “Status Quo” and David Ben Gurion From the Jewish Agency for Israel to Agudat Yisrael 19th June, 1947 • Israelis and Religion Professor Michael Rosenak, from The Land of Israel: Its contemporary meaning (1992) • A different approach Jeri Langer, from The Jew in the Modern World (1995) Statistics and Policies • Demographics …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 • Education ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 • Army ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 • Work ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Israel 5772 – so far • Risking one’s life on the bus ……………………………………………………………………… 10 • A civil war no one wants …………………………………………………………………………. 14 • Statement from Agudath Israel of America ……………………………………………….. 16 • Gender Trouble ………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 • Haredi leaders must speak out against zealots ………………………………………….. 20 • Lessons from Bet Shemesh ………………………………………………………………………. 22 • The remarkable good news about the Haredim …………………………………………. 26 2 Global Jewish Forum A biennial event for deep consideration of the pressing issues of the Jewish People… Moving beyond the communal headlines to examine the deep issues that drive them... International Jewish leaders deliberately not taking decisions, but together deciding to deliberate... Young committed adults sit around the table with institutional leaders, sharing perspectives and gaining understanding. Welcome to the 2 nd Global Jewish Forum. At the inaugural Forum last June the Makom team presented a day that explored the intra-communal challenges of the fight against delegitimation.