PRESS/POLITICS News from the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy ■■PUBLIC POLICY John F

Home , Bernard Kalb, Gary Cohn (journalist), Gloria Borger, Will Englund

Summer 1999

■ PRESS POLITICS PRESS/POLITICS News from the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy ■■PUBLIC POLICY John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

son, Kennedy School, joined in a Friends Join in Tribute to Marvin Kalb discussion moderated by Kalb. Discussing the pressures of com- mercialism and the impact of new technology, panelists were urged to formulate new journalism standards to reflect these enormous changes. Cocktails and dinner followed the panel discussion. Hosted by Graham Allison, the former Kennedy School Dean who, twelve years ago, lured Marvin Kalb to the Shorenstein Center in the first place, tributes were delivered by Dean Joe Nye, Wal- ter Shorenstein, Ted Koppel, Ted Koppel, Natalie Jacobson, Marvin Kalb, Dean Joseph Nye Bernard Kalb, Fred Schauer and Dick Cavanagh. On June 1st, 150 friends gath- Woodruff, CNN; Daniel Schorr, July 1 will mark the first day ered at the Kennedy School to NPR; Ted Koppel, ABC News of Kalb’s new position, as execu- pay tribute to Marvin Kalb and Nightline; E. J. Dionne, Jr., tive director of the Shorenstein his twelve years of leadership as Washington Post and Brookings Center’s Washington office. Tom director of the Shorenstein Cen- Institution; Martin Nisenholtz, Patterson will serve as acting ter. A special panel discussion New York Times Electronic director, while the search for a on “The State of Journalism” Media Company; Natalie Jacob- new director of the Shorenstein opened the celebration. Judy son, WCVB-TV; and Tom Patter- Center continues.

KENNEDY SCHOOL ESTABLISHES KALB PROFESSORSHIP

In a surprise addition to the Kalb Tribute on June 1, Nina Ansary announced a gift by the Ansary Foundation to fund a chair in Kalb’s name. The Marvin Kalb Professorship of Global Communications will provide for teaching and research on issues related to Kalb’s distinguished career in journalism and scholarship, with an emphasis on the role of global communications and contemporary technology and its impact on policy and leadership. Ambassador Hushang Ansary, the Foundation’s benefactor, has served on the Shorenstein Center’s Advisory Board since its inception. His children, Nina and Nader, are President and Trustee of the Foundation, respectively. Kalb was delighted to learn of the new professorship. “I am deeply grateful to the Kennedy School for honoring me in this way. And I am deeply grateful to Ambassador Ansary for providing Nader Ansary, Marvin Kalb, Nina Ansary, the financial support for this newly endowed chair.” The chair Dean Joseph Nye represents the fifth endowed chair to be affiliated with the Shorenstein Center. Press/Politics 2 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

A Letter From Marvin Kalb

By the time the next newsletter eras, about trespassing and lying appears, the Shorenstein Center to gain admission to a story. will (should) have a new Direc- That’s wrong. tor. The process of selection at a Trust—Journalists are losing university is always compli- the trust of the American peo- cated, and it often takes too ple. They are no longer consid- long. Still, if the selection is a ered sentinels of the people but good one, then it’s worth the rather buddies of the establish- effort. I am confident that the ment. Expected to speak truth to new Director will prove to be an power, they pal around with peo- excellent leader of the Shoren- ple who buy the newspapers stein Center, as it enters a new rather than the people who century of challenges in the field watch the news programs. Marvin Kalb of press and politics. Technology—Once there were For me, the past 12 years have three networks; now there are been exciting, fruitful and sur- many more, including cable news enterprises, except for the prising. When I arrived here, the operations that function 24- Sulzbergers of the New York Center was alliteratively promis- hours-a-day. Once major cities Times and the Grahams of the ing—press, politics and public had a dozen newspapers; now Washington Post. Huge corpora- policy; but an empty vessel rep- most of them have one or two, tions own the newspapers and resented its accomplishments. associated with news conglomer- networks. The drive for maxi- Over the years the vessel has ates far more interested in their mum profit determines the con- been filled with courses, pro- bottom lines than in public ser- tent and quality of the news. grams, faculty, fellows and, very vice. Finally, on top of talk-talk- Local news operations in Boston recently, a new Washington talk radio and television, the have profit margins larger than office, which I shall run as Exec- Internet has emerged as yet 40 percent, and they are striving utive Director starting on July 1, another force in the dissemina- for more. It is sad to add that 1999. This is a rich mix of tion of information; the only they want higher profits not to achievements and opportunities. trouble is no one is certain any produce better news but simply In June, 1987, shortly after longer about the reliability of the to boast of higher and higher assuming my new responsibili- information. What are we to do? margins. ties as Director of the Shoren- Triviality—During the Cold The five “T’s” remain an stein Center after a 30-year War, journalists worried, as did accurate barometer for measur- career as a network news corre- the citizens they served, about ing the health of American jour- spondent, I was invited to speak the possibility of nuclear war. nalism. Each “T” represents a to a group of diplomatic corre- Now, with the end of the Cold problem, a result or a challenge. spondents in Washington. What War, we are all besieged by triv- In 1987, the situation was seri- could I tell my former col- ial pursuits ranging from Ver- ous. In 1999, it is grave. leagues? “T’s” came to mind—to sace-style murders to Monica- May I add a sixth “T”? Trib- be precise, five “T’s.” Truth, style sexcapades. And there ute; I would like to add a tribute Trust, Technology, Triviality, appears to be no brake on jour- to all the wonderful students, Till. They are as valid for this nalistic intrusion into the pri- staff, and faculty who together valedictory as they were then. vate lives of public officials. The have enriched my life and con- Truth—Journalists are truth- more, the merrier. That too is tributed to a wonderful and tellers; they are not supposed to wrong. Everyone is entitled to a important research center in lie, be deceitful, underhanded, degree of privacy. ways that are mysterious but slippery, as they pursue and tell Till—The economic underpin- vitally important to the health the news. Increasingly, televi- ning of journalism has pro- of democracy both here and sion news magazines boast foundly changed in recent years. abroad. Keep up the good fight, about their use of hidden cam- No longer do families own large and good luck to you all. Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 3

The Theodore H. White Lecture

David Broder, Pulitzer-Prize win- Stockdale’s memorable question Candy Crowley, CNN; Albert ning columnist and correspon- during the 1992 vice-presidential Hunt, Wall Street Journal; dent for the Washington Post, debate. Broder discussed the cur- Michael Sandel, Harvard Univer- delivered the 1998 Theodore H. rent state of journalism, as we sity; and Matthew Storin, Boston White Lecture at the Kennedy crept toward the impeachment of Globe. The session was moder- School on November 12, 1998. President Clinton. A seminar ated by Marvin Kalb. A tran- The speech, “Who Are We? What held the following day included script is available on the Center’s Are We Doing Here?” was a jour- panelists Elizabeth Arnold, NPR; Web site. nalistic response to Admiral Blair Clark, CBS News, retired;

Walter Shorenstein and Candy Crowley and David Broder Elizabeth Arnold and Blair Clark Graham Allison

David Broder, Al Hunt and Walter Shorenstein David Broder

Barrie Dunsmore and Candy Crowley Lorie Conway, Martin Burcharth and Tom Patterson Press/Politics 4 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

East Peace Agreement” 1998–1999 —Andrea Mitchell, NBC Events News. 11/9/98 “Images from the White House” —Diana Walker, White Throughout the year, the Joan House photographer, Time mag- Shorenstein Center on the Press, azine. 11/17/98 Politics and Public Policy pre- “Ken Starr and the Constitu- sents lectures and discussions in tion” —Floyd Abrams, Attorney. a variety of formats. Most of the 11/24/98 events, primarily for the Ken- nedy School and Harvard com- “Media and Government in munity, are open to the public. Israel: Love and Hate” Brown Bag Lunches, informal —Nachman Shai, director gen- Deborah Mathis, Gannett sessions for the community, and eral of the Second Television News Service Roundtable Seminars for faculty and Radio Authority in Israel. “How the Politician Deals and Fellows, are held weekly 12/2/98 throughout the school year. with Today’s Press” —Senator “The Role of the Media vis a David Pryor. (D-Arkansas, vis the Internet” —Thomas Brown Bag Lunches 1979–96). 3/2/99 Middelhoff, Bertelsmann, Inc. “The Aftermath of Lies? 12/7/98 “Violence, Free Speech and An Imperfect President for an the Media” —Sissela Bok, writer “Public Opinion in Russia” — and philosopher. 3/9/99 Imperfect People?” —James John Marttila, Marttila Commu- Carroll, author, columnist, nications Group. 12/8/98 “The Kosovo Crisis” —Noel Boston Globe. 9/22/98 Malcolm, former chief political Daily Telegraph “Journalists and Scandal: columnist, ; for- Watchdog or Junkyard Dog?” mer political editor and foreign The Spectator —Mark Jurkowitz, media writer, editor, . 3/16/99 Boston Globe. 9/29/98 “Israel’s Upcoming Election” “Where are we in this —David Makovsky, diplomatic Ha’aretz; impeachment madness?” correspondent, special U.S. News & —Marvin Kalb, Shorenstein correspondent, World Report Center. 10/6/98 . 3/17/99 “Spotlight on Kosovo” —Peter “Revolving Door: From Poli- Lucas, Boston Globe. 10/13/98 tics to Journalism to Politics and David Talbot, Salon magazine Back” —Bill Press, CNN’s “A View from the Eye of the Crossfire. 3/24/99 Hurricane” —Frank Sesno, “Ten Things the Media Is Washington bureau chief, CNN. “Religion and Politics: Does Doing Right” —David Nyhan, 10/20/98 the Press Get It Right?” —James Boston Globe. 2/9/99 Wallis, editor, Sojourner. “A Foot in Each Camp: Print “Compassion Fatigue: How 4/13/99 vs. Television” —Gloria Borger, the Media Sell Disease, Famine, U.S. News & World Report. “The Cousins’ Wars: Religion, War and Death” —Susan 10/26/98 Politics and the Triumph of Moeller, Brandeis University. Anglo-America” —Kevin “Global Electronic Media 2/10/99 Phillips, editor-publisher, The and Foreign Policy” —Ralph “Public Press, Private Lives” American Political Report. Begleiter, World Affairs Corre- —Deborah Mathis, Gannett 4/20/99 spondent, CNN. 10/27/98 News Service. 2/16/99 “Against the Tide —One “From Titanic to Private Ryan “Journalists, Child Soldiers Woman’s Political Struggle” to Geraldo: Pop Culture and the and Mercenary Armies” —Eliza- —Harriet Keyserling, former rep- 1998 Elections” —Steven Stark, beth Rubin, contributing editor, resentative, South Carolina freelance journalist. 11/3/98 Harper’s magazine. 2/23/99 House of Representatives. Co- “Covering the Summit in a sponsored with the Women and News ‘Blackout’: The Middle Public Policy Program. 4/22/99 Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 5

“The Internet and Political “The Role of Journalists in Power” —Richard Davis, Comparative Perspective” — Brigham Young University. Wolfgang Donsbach, Dresden 10/19/98 University of Technology. “Rousseau Meets Opinion 2/22/99 Research: Re-introducing the “The Dynamics of Political General Will” —Susan Herbst, News Frames: A Longitudinal Northwestern University. Analysis of Television Presiden- 10/26/98 tial News” —Matthew R. Ker- “The Backdoor and the Back- bel, Villanova University. 3/1/99 lash: Campaign Finance and the “On Message: The Impact of Politicization of Chinese Ameri- Campaign Communications in cans” —Taeku Lee, Kennedy Britain” —Pippa Norris, Shoren- School of Government. 11/2/98 stein Center. 3/8/99 Frank Sesno, CNN “The Decline of Foreign Press “The Democratic Dilemma: “New Frontiers, New Media” Coverage” —Jonathan Randal, Can Citizens Learn What They —David Talbot, Salon magazine. Washington Post. 11/9/98 Need to Know?” —Matthew 4/27/99 “An Emerging Dynamic: McCubbins, University of Cali- fornia, San Diego. 3/15/99 “All Errors Are My Brother’s” State-Media Relations in Post- —Marvin Kalb, director, Shoren- Apartheid South Africa” —Sean “Editorial Doves and Hard stein Center and Bernard Kalb, Jacobs, Institute for Democracy, News Hawks: The Media and co-host, CNN’s Reliable South Africa. 11/16/98 Peace” —Gadi Wolfsfeld, U.S. Sources. 5/4/99 Institute of Peace; Hebrew Uni- “Was the Golden Age of Jour- versity. 3/22/99 nalism So Golden?” —Evan “Our President/Their Scandal: Thomas, Assistant Managing The Role of the British Press in Editor, Newsweek. 5/12/99 Covering the Clinton Scandals” “Issues in Journalistic Ethics” —Michael Goldfarb, National —Alex Jones, professor, Duke Public Radio. 4/5/99 University. 6/1/99 “Speechwriting, Speechmak- “A View From Afar: The Press ing and the Press: The Kennedy Is Not as Bad as You Folks Administration” —Thomas Ben- Think” —Michael Gartner, edi- son, Pennsylvania State Univer- tor, Ames (Iowa) Tribune. 6/8/99 sity. 4/12/99 “Washington Reporting: The Harriet Keyserling, columnist and “The Saigon Correspondents: Good, The Bad, and The Ugly” politician Who Were They?” —William —Ken Bode, Dean, Medill Hammond, U.S. Army Center of “Should American Journalism School of Journalism, North- Military History. 4/19/99 western University. 6/9/99 Make Us Americans?” —Jim Sleeper, 11/23/98 “State into Public: The Reform of Public Television in Research Roundtable “White House Daily Informa- Central and Eastern Europe” — Seminars tion Sessions: The Gaggle for the Briefing” —Martha Kumar, Tow- Alina Pippidi-Mungiu, Roman- “Trust in Government, Trust son University. 11/30/98 ian National School of Politics in the Media; Is There a Connec- and Administration. 4/26/99 tion?” —Stephen Bennett, Uni- “Coverage of Belarus by the versity of Cincinnati. 9/28/98 International and National “Bad News is News: The Press” —Kate Ivanova, Minsk Birth of New Journalism in “Campaign Spending, the State Linguistic University. China” —Xiguang Li, Xinhua Media and Voters” —Stephen 12/7/98 News Agency. 5/3/99 Ansolabehere, MIT. 10/5/98 Press/Politics 6 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy CoursesSpring 1999

Courses taught by Shorenstein Center faculty included the following, available to all Kennedy School students.

The year-long Research Semi- nar in Press, Politics and Public Policy, led by Phil Sharp and Keith Reeves, examined selected topics in the field of press, politics and public policy. Students conducted individual, original and in-depth research and wrote Richard Parker a major paper.

Creating Legislation: Congress course offered political and ana- Gender, Movement Politics and the Press, was taught by lytical insights into understand- and Public Policy was taught by Alan Simpson, now serving as ing U.S. health-policymaking and Anna Greenberg. Students exam- director of the Institute of Poli- developing strategies that influ- ined the influence of grassroots politics, feminist social move- tics. Simpson introduced stu- ence health policy outcomes. dents to the mechanics of getting ments and women’s organiza- legislation created and signed tions in particular, focusing on Thomas Patterson taught two into law. Emphasis was given to the policy making process and exploring the human dynamic sections of one module in the policy outcomes. Theoretical and involved in making legislation— core curriculum. Political political considerations were the contentious process of recon- Action Skills provided instruc- applied to a number of policy ciling a multitude of differing tion in three areas: persuasive areas including reproduction, and extreme viewpoints. communication, organizing, and workplace, education, women in the military and social welfare negotiation and bargaining. It policy. Bob Blendon and Keith Reeves focused on techniques and prac- taught Public Opinion, Polling tical applications. and Public Policy as a hands-on Taeku Lee’s course on Race, Public Opinion, and Public Pol- experience. The course looked at Richard Parker taught Reli- how polls, as a tool for measur- icy examined the origins of racial gion, Politics, and Public Policy. ing public opinion, can be used and ethnic tensions in the pub- The course examined the extent to improve election campaigns, lic’s attitudes about racial public policy decision-making, and shape of American religious groups, political values, and pub- and media coverage. It exposed beliefs today and how they con- lic policies. It not only asks why students to the current range of tinue to arise in law, politics, race-based group differences in polling in electoral politics and economics, the press, public public opinion persist, but also on public policy, affirmative morality and social policy. Stu- seeks out the historical origins for policy debates today on issues action, and welfare policy. dents discussed their own sense such as affirmative action, wel- of belief and faith and, in exam- fare reform, immigration policy, ining case studies, explored the Robert Blendon also taught crime prevention, racial redis- Political Analysis and Strategy appropriate role of religion in tricting, and electoral politics. for U.S. Health Policy. The modern public life. Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 7

Donsbach Serves as First International Lombard Professor

Wolfgang Donsbach was the Visiting Lombard Professor for the Spring 1999 semester. He was the first occupant of the chair from outside of the United States. A well-known scholar of international political communications, Donsbach taught a seminar on “Journalists and the Political Process” and enhanced the Center with his intelligence, enthusiasm and collegial spirit. Donsbach is a professor of communication and director of the depart- ment of communication at the Dresden University of Technology. His research interests are primarily in the study of political communication, particularly the role of journalists in a comparative perspective. He also has done extensive research on people’s exposure to political news. Donsbach received his Ph.D. from the University of Mainz, Ger- many. In 1989–90 he was a fellow at the Center for Media Studies at Columbia University, and in 1990, a visiting professor at Syracuse Uni- versity. He was president of the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR, 1995–96) and division chairman of Political Com- munication in the International Communication Association (ICA, 1996–98). He is the author of several books and many articles. The Laurence M. Lombard Visiting Professorship was established by Wolfgang Donsbach the family and friends of Mr. Lombard, a director of the Dow Jones Company for 28 years. It is designed to help build a substantial body of knowledge about how the intersection of press and politics influ- ences public policy.

Pippa Norris taught Democ- countries. The objective was to general perspective, the course racy and Democratization, a make students sensitive to the explored changes in news and course which examines the con- role that journalism plays in news systems and how these cept of “democracy” in terms of democracies, to help them changes are affecting the politi- competition, participation and understand how news decisions cal process. the civil and political rights. The are made, and to inform them course takes a broadly compara- about how news values have tive perspective, looking at both changed over time. The course Experts, Expertise and Public established and emerging began by examining different Policy was taught by the tri- democracies from all regions of notions of the role that the news umvirate of Professors Frederick the world. media can play in a democracy. Schauer, William Clark, and It identified factors influencing Sheila Jasanoff. The course journalists, news decisions in explored the nature of expertise, Visiting Lombard Professor the political realm and how and the processes and institu- Wolfgang Donsbach taught a news content relates to the real tions through which it is used in new course on Journalists and world and to public opinion. making and legitimating public the Political Process. The course Questions included journalistic policy. It considered the status focused on the impact of the values, press-politics relations, and use of expertise from a vari- news media and journalists on editorial structures in news- ety of substantive areas, includ- the political process in the U.S. rooms, or the objectives of the ing the law, natural sciences, and in comparison to other media organizations. In a more and economics. Press/Politics 8 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

of appearance vs. reality, actions U.S. has shifted away from the Spring 1999 vs. motives, words as the sign of Northeast to the south and west inner states, and the personaliza- and Britain finds itself being Fellows tion of the presidency. In the case pulled inexorably towards a of the Bay of Pigs invasion, this Europe with a single currency, it The Shorenstein Center selected vocabulary was employed largely is remarkable that the think five Fellows for the Spring 1999 to support the President as the tanks for the Democrats and term. All have worked long personification of the interests of Republicans, Labour and Conser- hours on their chosen topics and the United States. All of these vative Parties, the media consul- presented their early findings at a themes, which were employed to tants who serve them and the Shorenstein Research Round- convey positive news about Presi- journalists who cover them have table Seminar. Brief biographies dent Kennedy, were readily avail- converged in the middle of the and soundbites from their papers able to have their valence Atlantic sharing information, appear below. changed from positive to negative techniques and sources.” when Vietnam and Watergate THOMAS BENSON is the Edwin undermined trust in presidential WILLIAM HAMMOND is a Erle Sparks Professor of Rhetoric leadership.” senior historian at the U.S. at Pennsylvania State University Army Center of Military History. where he MICHAEL GOLDFARB was the He is the author of Reporting teaches London Bureau Chief for Vietnam: Media and Military at courses in National Public Radio until Feb- War. Hammond’s paper explores rhetorical ruary, 1999. He has been filing the question, “Who Were the theory and for NPR’s foreign desk since Saigon Correspondents?” criticism, 1991 on “It was relatively rare for a political British poli- reporter from a mainstream news communica- tics, the organization to spend extended tion, presi- monarchy, periods in dential Northern the field rhetoric and Ireland, Thomas Benson because the media criti- European war did not cism. His research at the Shoren- culture, and lend itself to stein Center focused on the conflicts that kind of “Speechwriting, Speechmaking in Bosnia reporting. and the Press: The Kennedy and Iraqi Michael Goldfarb There was Administration.” Kurdistan. no front line Goldfarb’s research is titled, “In its coverage of the Bay of in Vietnam “Our President/Their Scandal: Pigs invasion, the press accepted and there- The Role of the British Press in William Hammond President Kennedy’s assumption fore no way Keeping the Clinton Scandals of responsibility as a sign of char- that a reporter could be certain Alive.” acter and it accepted the idea that that action would occur. A jour- the invasion had lessons to teach “Why should the British press nalist could spend days in the as an indication that, even if play the active role it has in the field and not encounter combat. Kennedy had made a mistake, he uncovering of the Clinton scan- It was not good for his employ- was capable of learning from it. dals? I believe the answer lies in ers, who spent great sums main- Although the theme of ulterior the evolution of the political taining him in Vietnam, or for motives was clearly available to media establishment in Britain the future of his career . . . they the press in April 1961, it was and the U.S. In recent decades congregated in Saigon, where all largely avoided. But the rhetorical there has been a remarkable of the news finally came to rest.” foundation of the ulterior motive coming together of this estab- theme was being laid. The press lishment. At a time when the had a well-developed vocabulary political center of gravity in the Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 9

XIGUANG LI is a prize-winning ALINA MUNGIU-PIPPIDI is a television can be made today in journalist in China, where he psychiatrist and holds a Ph.D. total disregard of competition. reports on a range of stories for in social psychology. After the The most impressive television I the Xinhua News Agency. He is fall of Ceausescu, she left medi- saw in my life was the competi- the author cine and became a full-time tion between BBC and ITN on of two journalist the night of the 1997 British books, and politi- elections. Had BBC been alone Demonizing cal author. in the market I have no doubt China and She was edi- their performance would have How Bad is tor-in-chief been good, but not extraordinary China? His of the as was the case. The European research national all-news channel, Euronews, was project is news a terrible channel despite “Great weekly and resources invested in it when it Xiguang Li Sound news direc- was a pure public channel, heav- Makes No Alina Mungiu-Pippidi tor of ily protected by member states Noise: Creeping Freedoms in the Romanian who were also its only share- Chinese Press.” public television. She is profes- holders: once ITN took up its sor of political psychology at the management and 49 percent of “Many Chinese journalists National School of Politics and its shares, competition with and intellectuals assume that Administration. Her paper is CNN became a principal target, the society will eventually have called, “State into Public: The and Euronews started to do live to liberalize. The biggest threat Reform of State TV in Central coverage and improve its pro- to their personal freedoms, many and Eastern Europe.” grams. Good television is com- say, would be a souring of Chi- petitive television, and European nese-American relations that “Our model can be reduced to states that are partners in might strengthen conservative the idea that public television Euronews implictly admitted forces here. It may be true that should be competitive and that public companies must be run as social evolution, propelled by it can be competitive and retain private companies when entrust- economic and technical change, its role and identity unless these ing the channel’s management will eventually bring a free and are so broadly defined they to ITN.” democratic China, though there become an unbearable burden. is no sign this will happen any Furthermore I doubt any good time soon. People must understand that the role of the Com- munist Party is written into the Constitution. . . . And the press Fellowship Applications cannot violate these cardinal principles.” Applications are encouraged for Shorenstein Center resident Fellowships from experienced journalists and scholars in the area of press/politics. Fellows conduct research and write a paper on a topic of mutual interest, and participate fully in all Center events and activities. For more information and an application, please contact Edie Holway at (617) 495-8209.

Goldsmith Awards November 1st is the submissions deadline for the Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting and the Goldsmith Book Prize. Applications for the Goldsmith Research Awards are accepted throughout the year. Please call (617) 495-1329 for further information. Press/Politics 10 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Excerpts From Lesley Stahl’s Remarks at the Goldsmith Awards Ceremony “What disturbs me is that the public today now thinks of the media as one big salad bowl and in the bowl we have John Hock- enberry, we have Rush Lim- baugh, we have Robert Novak, we have Patrick Buchanan (he is a politician, he’s running for president, he’s the media) and then you have the mainstream press. And the public now sees us all as one thing and they don’t trust us, they think we’re all opinionated, they think every time we go on television we are out there push- ing a point of view. And it is because the reporters are going on the same shows as the politi- Lesley Stahl cians and the opinionaters, if there is such a word. . . . Dale Bumpers, former Senator there. She is so furious at him “One thing that has intrigued from Arkansas, went on the Sen- she looks like she’s going to hit me . . . has been Hillary Clin- ate floor and said that the scan- him, you can see it, and he’s ton’s game face that she has dal has decimated the Clinton going to hit her back. But forget worn throughout the scandal. family and that the president that for a minute because was distressed at the effect it mainly we saw the smile. was having on Hillary and yet “Now I have a theory about they still smiled. what those faces that the Clin- “Now of course I’m telling tons wore throughout this past you this on a day when the New two years, what these faces said York Post, and I brought it just to us, what the subliminal mes- in case you didn’t see today’s sage was … they said ‘we’re not Post, has a story called distressed, we’re not guilt rid- “Chillary.” Have you seen this? den, we’re not agonized, so why “Chillary.” The New York Post should you be?’ And it had the says the reason Hillary Clinton effect, I think, or at least con- didn’t go to Latin America with tributed to a minimizing, a the President was because she diminishing of the scandal in refused to stay in the same room our eyes. Because I do think, Lesley Stahl and Dean Nye with him and if she got her own when we see pictures on televi- room it would come out in the sion that we get a reaction, a gut And in fact, let’s include the press and she just didn’t want to reaction to them. We don’t president’s game face in this dis- have the controversy. always think up here what they cussion. I’m talking about how “But really the reason I’m mean, but we get a sense of they have both smiled their way showing it to you is I thought them in our stomachs.” through everything that has been Hillary had never taken off her thrown at them. game face and here the New “And I say smiled, and I call it York Post has found, I think, the a game face or a mask because one time the game face wasn’t Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 11 Miami Herald Wins Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting

Marvin Kalb, director of the Shoren- stein Center. “This is the second time the Miami Herald has won a Gold- smith Prize, and it deserves it.” The other final- ists for the Prize for Investigative James Hamilton Reporting were: Miami Herald reporters accept the Goldsmith or politics through an examina- William Allen, Kim Investigative Reporting Prize. Andrés Viglucci, tion of the press and politics in Bell and Andrew Joseph Tanfani, Manny Garcia, Dan Keating the formation of public policy. Skolnick of the St. The Goldsmith Awards Pro- On March 11, Dan Keating Louis Post-Dispatch gram also grants monetary accepted the $25,000 Goldsmith for “Health Care Behind Bars;” awards for post-graduate Prize for Investigative Reporting Will Englund and Gary Cohn of research on the intersection of on behalf of a team of reporters the Baltimore Sun for “The press and politics. This year, Shipbreakers;” Alix fourteen people were given Freedman of the Wall Goldsmith Research Awards. Street Journal for “Popu- In addition to these monetary lation Bomb;” Bart Gell- prizes, the Goldsmith Program man of the Washington also presents the Goldsmith Post for “Shell Games: Career Award for Excellence in The Search for Iraq’s Journalism, which was given this Hidden Weapons;” and year to Lesley Stahl, co-editor of Michael Isikoff of “60 Minutes” and a CBS News Newsweek for “President correspondent. Stahl gave the Clinton and the Monica keynote address at the Goldsmith Alix Freedman, Will Englund and Lesley Stahl Lewinsky Scandal.” Awards Ceremony in March. at the Miami Herald. “We In addition, the $5,000 The annual Goldsmith would like to say that we have Goldsmith Book Prize was Awards Program receives finan- completely cleaned up Miami, awarded to James Hamilton, cial support from the Gold- but maybe that will have to be assistant professor of public pol- smith-Greenfield Foundation. another year.” In keeping with icy and economics the original intent behind the at Duke Univer- Prize, the Miami Herald won sity, for Channel- their prize for a series of stories ing Violence: The on “Dirty Votes: The Race for Economic Market Miami Mayor,” which had a for Violent Televi- direct impact on public policy. sion Programming Police arrested nearly 40 people, (Princeton Univer- based on the investigation by sity Press, 1998). the Miami Herald. The Prize is “The Miami Herald deserves awarded to the the honor for its dogged and book that best determined reporting of the attempts to Trustees of the Goldsmith-Greenfield Foundation pre- fraud and corruption in the most improve the qual- sent gift to Marvin Kalb, “Creator of the Goldsmith recent Miami elections,” said ity of government Awards” Press/Politics 12 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

political, moral and religious values then and now” in the Brook- Faculty News ings Review, Spring 1999. Pippa Norris has published two Anna Greenberg has been new books. Critical Elections: selected as a Visiting Scholar by British Parties and Voters in the Pew Research Center on the Long-term Perspective (eds. Geof- People and the Press in Washing- frey Evans and Pippa Norris) was ton, DC for the spring of 2000. published by Sage in the spring of Greenberg’s article, “Public 1999. Drawing upon the 1997 Opinion Makes Better Sense British Election Study, and the Without the Opinion Makers,” series of ten BES surveys since was published in the May 14, 1964, Critical Elections brings 1999 issue of The Chronicle of together leading scholars to ana- Higher Education. lyze new patterns of party competition; assess the case for the Fred Schauer Maxine Isaacs has been emergence of new social align- appointed Vice-Chair of the Vis- ments; and examines the impact Schools; on legal formalism at iting Committee of the Mary- of left-right ideology, the key the University of Chicago Law land School of Public Affairs. issues of Europe and devolution School; on the incentives of Keith Reeves has accepted a and the rise of “new politics.” judges at the University of new position at Swarthmore Col- On Message: Communicating Florida Law School; and on law lege. He has been appointed asso- the Campaign (eds. Pippa Norris, and globalization at a Kennedy ciate professor of political science John Curtice, David Sanders, School symposium in Jeddah, and public policy and will lead Margaret Scammell and Holli Saudia Arabia. Schauer also the college’s new research center Semetko) was published by Sage delivered the James A. Moffat initiative on social change, poli- in April of 1999. Dennis Lecture in Ethics at Princeton tics and public policy. Kavanagh at the University of University on “Obedience to the Liverpool called On Message “the Law, Obedience to the Courts, Marvin Kalb’s discussion most innovative and comprehen- and the Obligations of Citizen- paper, “The Rise of the ‘New sive study of the effects of com- ship.” He also delivered a paper News’: A Case Study of Two munications on British voting. It on “Can Public Figures Have Pri- Root Causes of the Modern is the definitive guide to the new vate Lives?” to the Social Philos- Scandal Coverage,” provoked trends in campaign voting and ophy and Policy Center considerable interest. Professor the media.” Conference on Privacy in Palo Kalb appeared twice on the Alto, California. The paper will NewsHour with Jim Lehrer to Stanton Professor Frederick be published in Social Philoso- discuss the paper. Frank Rich Schauer, in his second year as phy and Policy. used the paper as the basis for Academic Dean of the Kennedy A new book, Rules and Rea- his column on October 28, 1998 School, reports attending 4,369 soning: Essays in Honour of Fred in the New York Times. meetings. In his spare time, he Schauer, has just been released has given lectures on art and the Robert Blendon and his col- by Hart Publishing. Linda Meyer law at the annual meeting of the leagues published an article on edited the collection. “The 60s and the 90s: Americans’ Association of American Law

www.ksg.harvard.edu/presspol

As part of the Kennedy School’s new look for its site on the World Wide Web, the Shorenstein Center’s site was redesigned as well. New features include a “news window” on the front page, downloadable research and discussion pages, an easy-to-submit Fellowship application form, and plenty of new information previously unavailable on the Web. Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 13

Money, Markets and The News

The Shorenstein Center held its was very powerful at the turn of And big business stands alone first conference at the Washing- the century. on the stage, free at last from any ton site on March 19, 1999. meaningful counter-vailing “Money, Markets and the power of a social or political News” focused on how, and nature except for, guess who? Us. how well, newspapers, maga- As a result, business now zines and television have cov- dominates the world we cover, ered the recent radical changes our values, our priorities, our in financial institutions. Three agenda, our allocation of panels responded to three sepa- resources, to a degree that would rate papers written by Shoren- have been unthinkable just two stein Center Senior Fellow generations ago. Whether a jour- Richard Parker; Robert Litan, nalist today covers sports, health director of economic studies at care, prisons and criminal jus- the Brookings Institution; and tice, the environment, the per- Jeff Madrick, editor of Challenge forming arts, city hall, public Franklin Raines, Fannie Mae schools, business is there making deals and making money, But its power was balanced by setting the agenda and, all too reformers like Teddy Roosevelt, often, writing the rules. Woodrow Wilson, the progres- Now some journalists, what sive movement, the trust busters was your term, paleojournalists, and the muckrakers. some of us paleojournalists And yes, business was power- think that it is the duty of a free ful at the dawn of the military industrial complex in the 1950s, when you had what I believe is the largest peacetime Kathleen Day, expansion of defense spending Washington Post in this nation’s history. But big business, with capital B’s, sat magazine. Franklin Raines, across the table from big labor chairman and CEO of Fannie under the watchful eye of big Mae, gave the luncheon address, government. and Secretary of the Treasury In the 1960s and 1970s, the Robert Rubin gave the keynote power of business, the actions address. of business, were fiercely ques- An excerpt from remarks tioned by a strong consumer Diana Henriques, New York Times made by one of the panelists, advocacy movement, by Diana Henriques of the New implacable public interest legal York Times, appears below: press to speak truth to power. If organizations, and the dawning that is the case, some of our “This nation has not experi- of the new environmental move- most important general interest enced a revolution. It has in fact ment. Today the voice of labor journalists are speaking to an experienced a coup. Never before has been reduced to a whisper. empty room. The power is in the in this century has business, The consumer advocates are room next door, in the business with a capital B, wielded so scattered, fragmented and under pages, where, unfortunately, the much unquestioned, unchal- funded. Government as a regula- lenged power in American soci- tor has become an anathema. ety. Now to be sure, business Regulation itself is a dirty word. Continued on page 14 Press/Politics 14 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Money, Markets and the News, from page 13

traditions of speaking truths to baseball and have never heard of interest in them, not just an power are far less understood by Mark McGuire. Ambitious obligatory interest, and to give us the media and far more difficult sports reporters would never the space and the money that we to do. admit in their worst drunken need to cover them adequately. It is, after all, much to Kath- stupor that they don’t know the leen Day’s dismay, a world with- difference between Congress and out sunshine laws, without open the Supreme Court, and they public meeting laws, where have never heard of Janet Reno. whistle blowers are rare and the Everywhere in my newsroom law is far less hospitable than and in your newsrooms we meet Times v. Sullivan. ambitious journalists who freely And that brings us to what I admit that they do not know the think is the heart of our prob- difference between a stock and a lem. While it is certainly true bond and have never heard of that those journalists who cover George Soros. All too frequently, business all too often are these journalists are not appallingly ambivalent about the reporters; they are senior editors. traditional watchdog responsibil- I know it is fashionable for Robert Rubin ities of the fourth estate, it is hardworking journalists to also true that those journalists indulge in regular bouts of self- So let’s do a little self-analysis who are passionately committed flagellation, and they bring us here. The business journalists I and familiar with our watchdog together for these wonderful know are all avid readers of gen- mission are also appallingly activities to do that. And we eral interest news. I even read ignorant about business. surely share some of the blame the sports section. But I will bet Like Ted Koppel, they think for failing to make business you hard cash that many, if not financial stories are boring, news as lucid, as compelling, as most of us, work in newsrooms unless they are decked out with exciting as it deserves to be. where few of the editors and vir- celebrity businessmen and big But perhaps we should put tually none of the reporters money gossip. Managing editors, just a little bit of the blame for working outside the business who have, as far as I can tell, the deficiencies in the coverage section actually read their own unlimited tolerance for arcane of business on the heads of the paper’s business sections regu- stories about congressional senior executives and editors of larly and with genuine interest. redistricting, will dismiss stories our publications and our televi- Business may dominate the about the implications of new sion news operations. No American agenda at every cor- electronic stock trading systems reporter in any field can single- ner, in every molecule, but they as far too complicated. handedly command the Page still think business is boring. I submit there is no form of One space or the prime-time That, I think, is the root and ignorance more widely tolerated news minutes or the generous branch of our problem. And until in American newspapers than resources that are necessary to the leadership of our profession ignorance about business and pursue in-depth stories. We rely wakes up to the real role and finance. Ambitious political on our editors. I have been importance of business in Ameri- reporters would never admit to blessed with some good ones. can life, foot soldiers advocating their editors under sodium pen- But we rely on our editors to better quality business journal- tothal that they do not know the recognize the importance of the ism will be fighting a battle that difference between football and areas we cover, to take an avid I don’t think we can win.” Press/Politics The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy 15

Kalb Fund Established

To pay tribute and properly honor his years of service, the Kennedy School is establishing the Marvin Kalb Fund for Press and Politics, a permanent endowment fund at the Shorenstein Center. The Kalb Fund will allow Marvin’s presence to continue at the Kennedy School in per- petuity by providing support for the Shorenstein Center to continue innovative research, conferences, symposia, outreach, publications, and new initiatives in keeping with his spirit of professionalism and excellence. Annual earnings from the Fund will support specific projects at the discretion of the Director of the Shorenstein Center. For additional information, please contact Nancy Palmer at (617) 495-8714.

The Center

Michael Barre, Staff Assistant (Washington) Marvin Kalb, Director; Edward R. Murrow Pro- Thomas E. Patterson, Bradlee Professor of fessor of Press and Public Policy Government and the Press Robert J. Blendon, Professor of Health Policy and Political Analysis Alison Kommer, Assistant to the Director Keith Reeves, Associate Professor of Public Policy Timothy Cook, Adjunct Professor John Lee, Financial Administrator Melissa Ring, Staff Assistant Catriella Freedman, Research Assistant Blair McElroy, Staff Assistant Maureen Schake, Assistant to the Academic Anna Greenberg, Assistant Professor of Public Jonathan Moore, Associate Dean Policy Pippa Norris, Associate Director for Research; Frederick Schauer, Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment; Academic Dean, Lecturer in Public Policy Edith Holway, Administrator for Fellows and Kennedy School Programs Nancy Palmer, Assistant Director Amy Sullivan, Research Associate Maxine Isaacs, Adjunct Lecturer Richard Parker, Senior Fellow; Adjunct (Washington) Marion Just, Associate Lecturer

Advisory Board

Hushang Ansary Doris Graber James M. Lombard Daniel Schorr G. Barry Bingham, Jr. Carole Shorenstein Hays Senator Richard G. Lugar Michael Schudson Julian Bond Stephen Hess Jonathan Moore Bernard Shaw David Broder Matina Horner Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Douglas W. Shorenstein Frank Carlucci Ellen Hume Gary Orren Walter H. Shorenstein Albert Carnesale Albert R. Hunt Thomas E. Patterson Senator Alan K. Simpson Richard E. Cavanagh Walter Isaacson Nelson W. Polsby Frank Stanton Blair Clark Tom Johnson Robert Putnam Benjamin B. Taylor E.J. Dionne, Jr. Marion Just Dan Rather Linda Wertheimer Elizabeth Drew Bernard Kalb A.M. Rosenthal Katherine Fanning Marvin Kalb William Ruder Leslie H. Gelb Ted Koppel Frederick Schauer Non-Profit Org. The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy U.S. Postage PAID John F. Kennedy School of Government Permit #375 Harvard University Nashua, NH 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

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Telephone: (617) 495-8269 PUBLIC POLICY Fax: (617) 495-8696 ■■Web site address: www.ksg.harvard.edu/~presspol