Cristiane Busato Smith

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Cristiane Busato Smith CRISTIANE BUSATO SMITH REPRESENTAÇÕES DA OFÉLIA DE SHAKESPEARE NA INGLATERRA VITORIANA: UM ESTUDO INTERDISCIPLINAR Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Estudos Literários, ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientadora: Prof.a Dr.a Regina Przybycien CURITIBA 2007 ii iii iv v TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO CRISTIANE BUSATO SMITH REPRESENTAÇÕES DA OFÉLIA DE SHAKESPEARE NA INGLATERRA VITORIANA: UM ESTUDO INTERDISCIPLINAR Tese aprovada como requisito parcial para obtenção do do título de Doutor em Estudos Literários, ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal do Paraná, pela seguinte banca examinadora: a a Orientadora: Prof. Dr. Regina Przybycien Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba, de de 2007 vi vii Às minhas filhas Maria Luiza e Maria Carolina e meu marido William. viii AGRADECIMENTOS I can no other answer make but thanks, And thanks; and ever thanks. Shakespeare (Twelveth Night) Agradeço à minha orientadora, Prof.a Dr.a Regina Przybycien, por ter acreditado em mim e por ter me ensinado a pensar por mim mesma. Agradeço à Prof.a Dr.a Liana de Camargo Leão, ex-colega de mestrado e modelo de uma acadêmica séria e dedicada. A Professora Liana foi, em todos os momentos, uma grande incentivadora. Emprestou-me vários livros, ajudou com comentários e sugestões importantes. E também me contagiou com sua paixão pelos estudos shakespearianos. Agradeço à Prof.a Dr.a Anna Stegh Camatti, professora de dramaturgia durante o meu curso de mestrado na UFPR. A Professora Anna acompanha a minha trajetória desde então e se tornou outra grande incentivadora a estudar Shakespeare. A Professora Anna sempre se prontificou a auxiliar no que fosse possível. Agradeço à Prof.a Dr.a Célia Arns de Miranda por ter participado da minha banca de qualificação e ter feito excelentes sugestões. Agradeço à Prof.a Dr.a Mail Marques por ter participado da minha banca de qualificação e ter feito excelentes sugestões. A Profa Mail teve a gentileza de enviar-me suas próprias anotações e reflexões sobre a obra A violência e o sagrado de René Girard. Agradeço a Jim Shaw (PhD), bibliotecário chefe do Shakespeare Institute, instituição onde passei um mês como Professora Leitora em 2004 para fazer a minha pesquisa bibliográfica. Jim me guiou pelo oceano de livros que encontrei, me ajudando na seleção de livros raros. Agradeço também por Jim ter encontrado um Family Shakespeare na Austrália por um preço mais baixo do que eu pagaria pela fotocópia que ele se prontificou em fazer. Agradeço à Prof.a (PhD) Griselda Pollock, diretora do CentreCATH (Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History) da Universidade de Leeds (Inglaterra), por ter me recebido como Professora Visitante durante dois meses em 2005. Durante o tempo que estive lá, tive a oportunidade de conhecer uma acadêmica feminista admirável, de renome internacional, cujo trabalho se estende além da academia, principalmente no que diz respeito ao resgate ix histórico de artistas femininas. Além de assistir seus cursos, pude trocar idéias com a Profa. Pollock sobre a representação visual de Ofélia e a questão da vítima sacrificial. Agradeço à Prof.a Dr.a Marlene Soares dos Santos, pela generosidade em compartilhar seu conhecimento, por ter me enviado dois livros e ter me incentivado. Foi sempre uma inspiração ouvi-la, em cursos e palestras. Agradeço à Josine Opmeer, coordenadora do CentreCATH da University of Leeds (Inglaterra), por ter feito com que tudo funcionasse bem para mim lá. Agradeço ao meu ex-aluno e amigo Mauro Scaramuzza Filho, por ter tido a paciência de me escutar pensando em voz alta. Agradeço ao Odair Rodrigues, secretário do Departamento de Pós- Graduação de Letras da Universidade Paraná do Paraná, pelo gentil auxílio nos trâmites burocráticos. Agradeço à Érika Vieira, por ter me enviado sua dissertação sobre Ofélia de Belo Horizonte. Agradeço à Georgiana Ziegler, bibliotecária da Folger Library, e pesquisadora sobre Ofélia, por indicar alguns livros e sites interessantes sobre a personagem. Agradeço à minha querida mãe Rosi de Oliveira Busato, por sempre ter me apoiado. Agradeço às minhas queridas filhas Maria Luiza e Maria Carolina, por terem entendido e respeitado os meus momentos de estudo e por me incentivarem a pensar na condição feminina. Agradeço postumamente ao meu querido pai, Arnaldo Busato, uma pessoa que abraçou causas humanitárias sem medo, nem preguiça. Infatigável defensor da saúde pública, meu pai fez diferença para muita gente, principalmente os destituídos. Era a vocação e felicidade dele. A memória de meu pai sempre foi a minha maior fonte de força e inspiração. O meu débito maior é para com o meu querido marido, William Ralph Smith Jr. Além de viabilizar as minhas viagens de pesquisa, ele sempre se prontificou a cuidar das nossas filhas para que eu pudesse estudar. Nossas conversas sobre a minha pesquisa sempre me levaram a refletir, e devo a ele os gráficos e ilustrações aqui inseridos. Obrigada Bill, pelo teu amor e generosidade, e por me incentivar, diariamente, a acreditar em mim mesmo. x ...há um deus guiando Nosso fim, seja nosso embora o ínício. (Hamlet) xi SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ...................................................................................................... xiv RESUMO ........................................................................................................................ xv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... xvi INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO 1 - OFÉLIA NO SÉCULO XIX: TEXTOS E CONTEXTOS. ......................... 28 1.1 PREPARAÇÃO DO CENÁRIO .............................................................................. 29 1.2 TEXTOS DOMESTICADOS .................................................................................. 32 1.2.1 Contos de Shakespeare ...................................................................................... 36 1.2.2 The Family Shakespeare ..................................................................................... 42 1.3 OS MANUAIS DE CONDUTA ................................................................................ 55 1.3.1 Shakspeares's heroines: characteristics of women, moral, poetical, and historical ............................................................................................................... 58 1.3.2 The Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines in a Series of Tales ............................. 63 CAPÍTULO 2 - O IMPACTO VISUAL DE OFÉLIA NO PALCO ...................................... 73 2.1 LUZ E SOMBRA NO TEATRO VITORIANO .......................................................... 74 2.2 CORTES E RECORTES: O HAMLET DE HENRY IRVING ................................... 81 2.3 QUE OFÉLIA ENCENOU ELLEN TERRY? "ENTRA OFÉLIA DISTRAÍDA".......... 95 2.3.1 A Cena do Convento ........................................................................................... 109 2.3.2 A Cena da Loucura ............................................................................................. 114 CAPÍTULO 3 - ARS MORIENDI: A VISÃO (A)POÉTICA DA MORTE DA MULHER ..... 129 3.1 PINTURA LITERÁRIA: DA ARTE PARA A ARTE .................................................. 130 3.2 AS MULHERES VITORIANAS, O SUICÍDIO E A IDÉIA DA REDENÇÃO ............. 140 3.3 OPHELIA DE MILLAIS: A GLAMOURIZAÇÃO DA MORTE. .................................. 148 3.4 ELIZABETH SIDDALL: A SUPREMACIA DA ARTE SOBRE A VIDA .................... 167 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ........................................................................................... 180 REFERÊNCIAS .............................................................................................................. 186 xii ANEXOS ANEXO 1 - LEA MERRIT ............................................................................................. 195 ANEXO 2 - Dr. DIAMOND ............................................................................................ 196 ANEXO 3 - PINTURAS DE OFÉLIA EXPOSTAS NA ROYAL ACADEMY, LONDRES ................................................................................................. 197 ANEXO 4 - PARÓDIAS DE OPHELIA DE MILLAIS ..................................................... 198 ANEXO 5 - DESENHOS E PINTURAS DE ELIZABETH SIDDALL FEITAS POR DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI ................................................................... 201 ANEXO 6 - SONETO DE ROSSETTI RETIRADO DO CAIXÃO DA ESPOSA ............. 204 ANEXO 7 - BIBLIOGRAFIA SOBRE OFÉLIA .............................................................. 205 ANEXO 8 - EXEMPLOS DE OFÉLIA NA CULTURA DE MASSA (SÉRIE DE BEST-SELLERS E MÚSICA POPULAR) .................................................. 223 ANEXO 9 - OFÉLIAS MORIBUNDAS (A CAMINHO DO CÓRREGO) ......................... 225 xiii LISTA DE FIGURAS 1 William Henry Mote Ophelia (1848) ....................................................................... 28 2 Anna Jameson ....................................................................................................... 59 3 Ilustrações de The Girlhood of Shakespeare's heroines ........................................ 64 4 The girlhood of Shakespeare's heroines ................................................................ 69 5 Gravura anônima de Ellen Terry e Henry Irving na cena
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