Reading Eustathios of Thessalonike Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes Edited by Franco Montanari and Antonios Rengakos Scientific Committee Alberto Bernabé · Margarethe Billerbeck Claude Calame · Philip R. Hardie · Stephen J. Harrison Stephen Hinds · Richard Hunter · Christina Kraus Giuseppe Mastromarco · Gregory Nagy Theodore D. Papanghelis · Giusto Picone Kurt Raaflaub · Bernhard Zimmermann Volume 46 Reading Eustathios of Thessalonike Edited by Filippomaria Pontani, Vassilis Katsaros and Vassilis Sarris ISBN 978-3-11-052221-1 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-052490-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-052320-1 ISSN 1868-4785 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Logo: Christopher Schneider, Laufen Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Vassilis Katsaros, Filippomaria Pontani, Vassilis Sarris Introduction 1 Richard Hunter Eustathian Moments 9 I. Eustathios as a scholar Lara Pagani Eustathius’ Use of Ancient Scholarship in his Commentary on the Iliad: Some Remarks 79 Georgia E. Kolovou A Technical Approach to the Etymological Remarks of Eustathius in his Commentary on Iliad Book 6 111 Baukje van den Berg Eustathios on Homer’s Narrative Art: the Homeric Gods and the Plot of the Iliad 129 René Nünlist Was Eustathius Afraid of the Blank Page? 149 Paolo Cesaretti In my end is my beginning: Eustathios’ Ἐξήγησις εἰςτὸν ἰαμβικὸν κανόνα τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς. At the origins of Byzantine philology 167 Silvia Ronchey Eustathios at Prodromos Petra? Some Remarks on the Manuscript Tradition of the Exegesis in Canonem Iambicum Pentecostalem 181 Filippomaria Pontani “Captain of Homer’s guard”: the reception of Eustathius in Modern Europe 199 VI Table of Contents II. Eustathios’ style Renzo Tosi Proverbs in Eustathius: Some Examples 229 Dimosthenis Stratigopoulos Orator or Grammarian? Eustathios in his Work Ad Stylitam quendam Thessalonicensem 243 Vassilis A. Sarris Λυκοφρονείως ἢἄλλως διθυραμβικῶς: Eustathius’ Enigmatic Stylistic Terms and the Polyphony of the Iambic Pentecostal Canon 253 III. Eustathios and history Eric Cullhed Achaeans on Crusade 285 John Melville-Jones Eustathios as a Source for Historical Information. Decoding Indirect Allusions in his Works 299 Gerasimos Merianos More than a Shepherd to his Flock: Eustathios and the Management of Ecclesiastical Property 309 Aglae Pizzone History has no End: Originality and Human Progress in Eustathios’ Second Oration for Michael III o tou Anchialou 331 General index 357 Index locorum potiorum 363 Vassilis Katsaros, Filippomaria Pontani, Vassilis Sarris Introduction This book is a small tribute to the 12th-century scholar and cleric Eustathios, deacon of St. Sophia and then maistor ton rhetoron in Constantinople, later (since ca. 1178) archbishop of Thessalonike¹. The fact that this homage takes the shape of a book should not be regarded as a modest compensation for the regrettable lack of a grander public recognition²: on the contrary, it proceeds from the persuasion that books were among the objects dearest to the archbish- op throughout his eventful life, and he attached to them a special value in the quest for immortality and a continuous link with the past³. The details of Eustathios’ relationship with his books are hard to make out, given our uncertainties about the shape and the functions of libraries in Comne- nian Constantinople (above all the patriarchal and imperial libraries), and about the relationship of professors and teachers to these institutions⁴; we are also ill- informed about the size of the library of the monastery of St. Euphemia, where Eustathios was registered in his youth, and that of his uncle Nikolaos Kataphlor- on⁵. There is, however, no doubt that he had access to books of the greatest im- portance, for example (to name but a few well-known cases), to most of the im- portant witnesses of Homeric exegesis (amongst them the ancestor of the venerable ms. Venetus A)⁶, to a fuller manuscript than we now possess of Pin- dar’s Isthmian Odes,⁷ to the so-called “Thessaloniceum exemplar” of Euripides’ alphabetical plays⁸, and to a rare codex of Oppian’s Halieutica.⁹ There is no Among the overviews of Eustathios’ biography see esp. Každan – Franklin 1984, 115‒195; Wirth 1980; Browning 1995; Schönauer 2006, xv‒xxvii, 7*‒23*; Karpozilos 2009, 663‒690; Cesa- retti – Ronchey 2014, *8‒*18. In February 2015 all the contributors to this volume, together with other scholars, signed a letter soliciting the erection of a statue of Eustathios by the Municipality of Thessaloniki (Δῆμος Θεσσαλονίκης). See Hunter, this volume. See e.g. Manafis 1972; Wilson 1967 and 1975; Browning 1962, 186‒193. Katsaros 1988, 204‒209. On St. Euphemia see Müller-Wiener 1977,122‒125. Nothing is known of its library, although we assume it had to exist, as in the cases of the Sotiras Monastery founded by Michael Attaleiates in Rhaidestos (Gautier 1981, 5‒143), or of the Kosmosoteira founded by Isaac Porphyrogennetos (Petit 1908, 17‒77). On Nikolaos Kataphloron see Wirth 1980, 5‒6; Loukaki 1953, 357‒364. See Valk, Eustathius I, lix‒lxiv, and Pagani, this volume. See Lampakis 1995; Kambylis 1991a. See Turyn 1957, 304‒308; Wilson 1983, 204; Bianconi 2005, 29. See Benedetti 1976‒77. DOI 10.1515/9783110524901-001 2 Vassilis Katsaros, Filippomaria Pontani, Vassilis Sarris doubt that Eustathios was a book-collector and a book-hunter, and this passion never faded, even during his long and eventful stay in Thessalonike – a time, it should be recalled, when the Commentaries to Homer were finished and enriched with marginal annotations, and a time when his personal library must have been transferred from Constantinople to Thessalonike, a city far less well equipped than was the capital¹⁰. The best known story about Eustathios’ bibliophily is the famous anecdote about his reprimand to the hegoumenos of a monastery near Thessalonike, who had sold a valuable book once belonging to his library: “I had got to know that somewhere was preserved a holy book written by Gregory the Theologian… The book was indeed very remarkable, and its fame spread among many people, at- tracting the readers who regarded it is as a miraculous object… I thus also took pains to go and see for myself this wonderful Gregorios, but I had no success… I was distressed at this and so I asked the abbot, who was an honest man and well-versed in culture: ‘Where on earth is the precious book?’. Upon my insist- ence and my friendly but repeated questioning, he admitted that the book had been sold, ‘for what did we need it for?’. An internal rage started to grow in me… When my anger changed to harsh laughter, I reproached him: ‘What do you need at all, excellent monks, if you hold in no esteem books of such value?’. The man went off feeling ashamed, and he never came into my sight again, being unhappy – I believe – with my exceeding love for books”¹¹. It should be recalled that monastic culture was the dominant force in 12th- century Thessaloniki, and it was chiefly thanks to Eustathios’ presence that some form of advanced public teaching was introduced in the city¹². The fate of Eustathios’ personal library, however, is wholly unknown, and whatever dam- age it may have suffered from the Norman conquest in 1185¹³, one wonders if See Cullhed 2012, 448; Agapitos 1998, 126; Bianconi 2005, 28‒29. Metzler 2006, 161‒63, §144: καὶἔμαθον κατακεῖσθαί που βίβλον ἱεράν, ἣν ἐπονήσατο Γρη- γόριος (ὁ καὶ Θεολόγος)… καὶἡβίβλος εἶχε πολὺ τὸ παράσημον, καὶ τὸ κατ’ αὐτὴνκλέος ἐξη- χεῖτο εἰς πολλοὺςκαὶἐφείλκετο τοὺς ἀκροατὰςοὕτως ἐκείνη, καὶἐθεῶντο αὐτὴνπρὸς θαῦμα… θέμενος οὖνκαὶἐγὼ σπουδὴν ἐντυχεῖντῷ καλῷ Γρηγορίῳ τούτῳ οὐκεὐστόχησα… ἀμέ- λει καὶ λελυπημένος ἐπυθόμην τοῦ καθηγουμένου (ἦνδὲἐνάρετος ὁἀνήρ, καὶ γραμμάτων δὲ ἴδμων)· ποῖ ποτε τόπου τὸ καλὸν βιβλίον ἐστίν; … ἐμοῦ δὲἐγκειμένου καὶἱλαρῶς ἐπανερωτῶν- τος ἀπεμποληθῆναι εἶπε τὴνβίβλον. τίςγάρ, φησί, καὶ χρεία ἦν ἡμῖναὐτῆς; ἐνταῦθα ἐμοῦ θυμὸν ἐνδόμυχον ὑπανάψαντος… ὡςδ’ ἐγὼ τὸν θυμὸν μεταβαλὼνεἰς βαρὺνγέλωτα ἐξωνείδισα ὑπειπών· τίνος γὰρκαὶ δεήσεσθε, οἱ λόγου ἄξιοι μοναχοί, ἐὰντὰ τοιαῦτα βιβλία παρ’ οὐδὲν ποι- ῆσθε; παρῆλθέ με ὁἄνθρωπος ἐντραπεὶςκαὶ οὐκέτι διὰ βίου εἰς ὄψιν ἦλθέ μοι βαρυνθεὶςοἶμαι τὸ ἐν ἐμοὶ οὕτω φιλόβιβλον. See Katsaros 1997, 190‒192. See Bianconi 2005, 31‒33. See Kyriakides 1961, 112 and 150. Introduction 3 some parts of it were still to be found among the “over 300 manuscripts, most of them parchment, kept in an underground dome in the northern wing of the bema” of St. Demetrios, which were brought to light in 1873 by Patriarch Ioakeim III; these books were subsequently moved to the church of St. Athanasios where, according to our only witness, they were left in the courtyard, exposed to the greed of passers-by, well before the damages and losses inflicted by the great fire of 1917¹⁴. Be that as it may, the present book, unlike those which Eustathios kept in his library, searched for, or longed to read, is just a humble collection of scholarly papers with no ambition to say the “last word” on any of the topics connected with the archbishop’s oeuvre. Nonetheless, the essays here collected attempt to tackle some of the hottest issues concerning