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JCA-London for Webpage JCA Head Office The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People Jerusalem (CAHJP) Files of the JCA (Jewish Colonization Association) Head Office (Paris, New York, London) – JCA-Lon… Introduction The Jewish Colonization Association was founded in 1891 by Baron Maurice de Hirsch of Paris, with the purpose of assisting Jews in depressed economic circumstances or in countries which persecuted them politically (chiefly Eastern Europe). The most prominent of its activities was the resettling of Jews from Eastern Europe on lands purchased for them in South America, chiefly Argentina and Brazil. However, JCA also devoted much effort and money to education, especially vocational training in hundreds of Eastern communities, as well as encouraging agriculture and small industrial ventures in these countries. The archives of the head office contain ca. 3200 files & sub-files of correspondence, c. 1891 to 1971, between the head office and JCA's branches in Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Argentina, Brazil, Romania, Austria (Galicia), Turkey, Cyprus and Israel (then Palestine) , as well as with other philanthropic organizations, such as the Alliance Israélite Universelle, ORT, HIAS, etc. The head office archives also contain several series of reports and minutes (seances) in printed and mimeographed form. For most of these, duplicates exist elsewhere, although it is doubtful whether such a complete set exists in any one place outside of the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People in Jerusalem. This collection's research potential is enormous. In addition to chronicling the history of the organization itself, the files are rich in information on emigration to South (and North) America, as well as economic and agricultural activity there. Many files deal with Jewish schools in Eastern Europe, professional and other, some of them set up by JCA, others supported by the organization. For some of these schools and indeed for some of these communities, the JCA files provide the only surviving written evidence of their existence. 1 JCA Head Office Another aspect of JCA's activity in Eastern Europe was the encouragement of "productive" i.e. agricultural and industrial activity. The files abound in information on loan associations and cooperatives set up to assist the Jews in these ventures. Not to be overlooked are the colonies in Palestine, which received assistance from JCA from 1896 onwards. In 1899 Baron Edmond de Rothschild transferred to JCA the colonies under his care, and only in 1923 were they returned to his "jurisdiction" with the foundation of PICA (the Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association). The 3200 correspondence files (which contain reports, maps and school plans as well) contain approximately 500,000 pages, about 40% of which are handwritten and the remainder typed. The most dominant language is French, with German not far behind. Other languages, in order of their relative prevalence, are Russian, Romanian, Yiddish, English, Hebrew, Polish and Spanish. החברה להתיישבות יהודית – יק"א ( Jewish Colonisation Association - JCA ) נוסדה ב- 1891 על ידי הברון מוריס דה - הירש מפאריס , ע"מ לסייע ליהודים השרויים במצוקה כלכלית או תחת רדיפה פוליטית , בעיקר במזרח אירופה . בתחילה ניסה הירש לפתור את מצוקת יהודי מזרח אירופה בתוך גבולות האימפריה הצארית באמצעות מפעלי התיישבות , חינוך והכשרה מקצועית , אך משנכזב מיחס השלטון הרוסי החל לפעול למען הגירה מאסיבית של יהודים ממזרח אירופה לדרום אמריקה , בעיקר לארגנטינה ולברזיל , וליישובם במושבות חקלאיות . ברבות השנים תמכה יק"א גם במוסדות ובמפעלים פילנתרופיים שונים ברחבי העולם היהודי . המשרד הראשי של יק"א שכן בפאריס עד 1949 , עת עבר ללונדון . ארכיון המשרד כולל כ- 3200 תיקים של התכתבות מהשנים 1971-1891 בין המטה לסניפים השונים ברוסיה , פולין , ליטה , לטביה , ארגנטינה , ברזיל , רומניה , אוסטריה ( גליציה ), טורקיה , קפריסין וארץ ישראל , וכן התכתבות עם ארגונים פילנתרופ יים אחרים , דוגמת כי"ח , אורט והיא"ס . בנוסף להתכתבויות , כולל ארכיון יק"א בארכיון המרכזי לתולדות העם היהודי את האוסף המקיף ביותר של דוחות ופרוטוקולים ( דפוס ושכפול ) של הארגון . האוסף מכיל כ - 500,000 דפים , כ40%- מהם בכתב יד . שפות הכתיבה העיקריות הן צרפתית ( על פי רוב ) וגרמנית . שפות נוספות הן : רוסית , רומנית , יידיש , אנגלית , עברית , פולנית וספרדית . בנוסף לחשיבותו של האוסף לתיעוד הארגון עצמו , הוא תורם רבות להבנת תהליכים מרכזיים בחיי היהודים בעת החדשה , כהגירה לעולם החדש , פר ודוקטיביזציה והתיישבות חקלאית . חשיבות מיוחדת נ ודעת לשיקוף ההתיישבות היהודית בארגנטינה מראשיתה ועד הסיום הרשמי של פעילות הארגון שם ב- 1975 , באמצעות התכתבות; דוחות של המושבות, הסניף הראשי בבואנוס איירס ואישים שביקרו במקום; קטעי עיתונות ועוד. כן מתועדת באוסף פעילות הארגון באימפריה הצארית לעיד וד התיישבות ח קלאית ותעשייה , וכן פעילות הארגון בארץ ישראל . הארגון סייע למושבות א"י החל מ- 1896 , וב - 1899 העביר אליו הברון אדמונד דה - רוטשילד את האחריות על מושבותיו עד 1923 , עת הוקמה פיק"א ( Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association ). ). 2 JCA Head Office Table of Contents JCA-Lon-S1 GENERAL FILES 1890-1991 Page 6 JCA-Lon-S1.1 Correspondence Files of Baron Maurice de Hirsch, founder of the JCA 1891-1896 Page 6 JCA-Lon-S1.2 JCA Head office - Minutes 1899-1987 Page 9 JCA-Lon-S1.3 JCA Head Office - Reports 1893-1986 Page 59 JCA-Lon-S1.4 JCA Directors 1921-1988 Page 63 JCA-Lon-S1.5 JCA Presidents & Council Members 1896-1991 Page 67 JCA-Lon-S1.6 Administration Council - Circular Letters 1896-1905 Page 85 JCA-Lon-S1.7 Head Office Administration 1891-1984 Page 85 JCA-Lon-S1.8 Files of JCA's Attorneys 1891-1963 Page 95 JCA-Lon-S1.9 Emigration 1903-1954 Page 99 JCA-Lon-S1.10 Agricultural Recruitment 1946-1954 Page 106 JCA-Lon-S1.11 History of the JCA 1891-1990 Page 106 JCA-Lon-S1.12 General Files - Varia 1890-1987 Page 110 JCA-Lon-S2 COUNTRIES OF JCA ACTIVITIES 1890-1986 Page 111 JCA-Lon-S2.1 Argentina 1890-1981 Page 111 JCA-Lon-S2.2 Argentina and Brazil 1888-1937 Page 157 JCA-Lon-S2.3 Australia 1948-1986 Page 161 3 JCA Head Office JCA-Lon-S2.4 Austria 1905-1937 Page 163 JCA-Lon-S2.5 Brazil 1901-1982 Page 163 JCA-Lon-S2.6 Canada 1891-1978 Page 171 JCA-Lon-S2.7 Chile 1957-1963 Page 180 JCA-Lon-S2.8 Cyprus 1897-1923 Page 181 JCA-Lon-S2.9 Israel 1895-1989 Page 186 JCA-Lon-S2.10 Kenya 1938-1965 Page 210 JCA-Lon-S2.11 Latvia 1921-1940 Page 213 JCA-Lon-S2.12 Morocco 1937-1967 Page 213 JCA-Lon-S2.13 North Africa 1937-1967 Page 218 JCA-Lon-S2.14 Poland 1896-1939 Page 222 JCA-Lon-S2.15 Poland - Galicia 1898-1920 Page 223 JCA-Lon-S2.16 Romania 1897-1976 Page 230 JCA-Lon-S2.17 Russia 1891-1917 Page 255 JCA-Lon-S2.18 Russia (U.S.S.R.) 1918-1965 Page 312 JCA-Lon-S2.19 South America 1962-1968 Page 313 JCA-Lon-S2.20 Tunisia 1953-1965 Page 314 JCA-Lon-S2.21 Turkey 1896-1969 Page 314 4 JCA Head Office JCA-Lon-S2.22 Uruguay 1957-1963 Page 321 JCA-Lon-S2.23 United States of America 1891-1969 Page 321 JCA-Lon-S3 CONTACTS AND CORRESPONDENCE WITH EXTERNAL ORGANIZATIONS 1891-1990 Page 324 JCA-Lon-S3.1 International Organizations 1928-1990 Page 324 JCA-Lon-S3.2 National Organizations 1891-1987 Page 330 5 JCA Head Office Ref. code Title Date Lang. Type Extent Notes JCA-Lon JCA Head Office (Paris, New York, London) 1891-1997 see also Ex Libris JCA: CAHJP Library Rec. No. 14234 - 14237 JCA-Lon-S1 GENERAL FILES 1890-1991 JCA-Lon-1173 Original numeric list of the JCA files at the head office (some of the files listed were not sent to Israel) JCA-Lon-297.04 Statutes of the Jewish Colonization Association no date bound JCA-Lon-315.1 Correspondence and forms of contracts with prospective 1903 Typ., Pr., loose colonists in Argentina, Brazil, Cyprus, Israel (Jerusalem, Ms. Sedjera), Turkey (Sazilar) JCA-Lon-S1.1 Correspondence Files of Baron Maurice de Hirsch, 1891-1896 Founder of the JCA JCA-Lon-379.1 Letters from Alliance Israelite Universelle to Baron Hirsch Mar 1891 - 10 folders offering lands in Cyprus, Mexico, Brazil, Asian Turkey, Feb 1892 Peru, Honduras, Southeast Africa, and Tennesee (USA) JCA-Lon-379.2 Letters from Alliance Israelite Universelle to Baron Hirsch Jul 1891 - 16 folders & offering lands in Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Tunisia, Texas, Dec 1891 loose pieces East Africa, Mozambique, Lower California, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Egypt, incl.: a list of Jewish farmers in Connecticut and an anonymous booklet, "Nach Neu-Kanaan! Ein Wort zur Frage der Ansiedlung der heimatlosen Juden", 1891 JCA-Lon-380.1 "Bienfaisance" - Baron Hirsch's correspondence on the May 1891 - loose establishment of the Jewish Colonization Association, Jan 1897 incl.: several letters by his widow 6 JCA Head Office Ref. code Title Date Lang. Type Extent Notes JCA-Lon-380.2 "Bienfaisance" - Baron Hirsch's correspondence Sep 1894 - loose regarding his charitable foundations, mainly in Austro- May 1896 Hungary, incl.: letters to him from Lemberg (Lwow), Krakow, Brody, Sofia, Salonika and Grodek JCA-Lon-308.1 Correspondence about the Jews in Russia, colonization Jan 1891 - fre, eng, loose and emigration, with Russian officials and Jewish figures Dec 1891 ger, spa among them Oscar Strauss, incl.: the texts of articles by Hirsch, with some mention of colonies in Israel JCA-Lon-308.2 Sundry correspondence of Baron Hirsch and others, Dec 1891 - fre, ger, loose chiefly regarding Mauricio and Moisesville, with mention Dec 1892 eng, rus of Jews in Russia JCA-Lon-308.3 Sundry correspondence of Baron Hirsch and others, incl.: Jan 1893 - fre, ger, loose 2 letters from the community of Kishinev (Chisinau), Dec 1893 eng, yid maps of colonies from Argentina and a broadside by Ephraim Deinard on colonization of Russian Jews in America (after 1896) JCA-Lon-308.4 Sundry correspondence of Baron Hirsch and others, Jan 1894 - fre, ger, loose chiefly with Argentina, mentioning the Jews of Russia as Oct 1898 eng, heb well, incl.: a letter by Baron Hirsch from March 1892, a petition to Clara Hirsch by hundreds of settlers in Argentina,1896, correspondence following Hirsch's death and plans of various colonies in Argentina JCA-Lon-402.1 Copies of letters from Baron Hirsch to JCA Buenos Aires Aug 1891 - fre loose Dec 1892 JCA-Lon-402.2 Copies of letters from Baron Hirsch to JCA Buenos Aires Jan 1893 - fre, ger loose Jul 1893 7 JCA Head Office Ref.
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