DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. i ACKNOWLEDGMENT The successful completion of this DRR/CCA-enhanced PDPFP is attributed to the perseverance and sincere efforts of those who have been involved, either directly or indirectly, in the making of not only this enhanced plan but as well as the preparation of the two base documents, namely the Biliran PDPFP 2011-2016 and the DRVA Report of the province. Profound thanks and heartfelt gratitude are therefore due to the individuals, agencies, and organizations that are too many to mention, although the members of the Biliran DRR/CCA Provincial Core Team nonetheless wish to acknowledge the following for their invaluable contributions: The members of the Biliran Provincial Development Council 2010-2013 and 2013-2016, both headed by the Honorable Provincial Governor Gerardo J. Espina, Jr., for setting the direction of the development of the province and providing leadership and unwavering support to the plan formulation projects; The current and past members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Biliran for extending the necessary legislative support; The officials, functionaries, and consultants of NEDA Head Office and NEDA Regional Office No. VIII, for constantly guiding us; The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the Philippines, the European Commission, and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) for their financial support and technical assistance; The department heads and personnel of the various offices of the provincial government and municipal LGUs of Biliran Province, with special mention to the PPDO, PDRRMO and PTIO, and the different national government agencies and non-government organizations, for sharing their useful inputs and skills; And above all to the Almighty God, to whom all praise and glory are due. The Biliran DRR/CCA Provincial Core Team DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page No. MESSAGE i ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ACRONYMS vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF MAPS xii Chapter I – INTRODUCTION 1. Historical Background 1.1. Historical background of the province 1 1.2. Number of municipalities and total population 2 2. Plan Objectives and Context 2.1. Objectives of the PDPFP 2 2.2. Context of the PDPFP 2 2.3. Key policies and legislative mandates for the PDPFP 3 3. Coverage of the PDPFP 3.1. Historical coverage 4 3.2. Geographical coverage 4 3.3. Sectoral coverage 4 4. Outline of the Plan 4.1. Vision 5 4.2. Planning environment 6 4.3. Development issues/problems, goals, objectives and targets 6 4.4. Strategies, plans, programs and activities 6 Chapter II – VISION 6 Chapter III – THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT 1. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivision 8 2. Populations and Settlements 8 2.1. Populations: regional and national context 8 2.1.1. Population size, density, APGR of the province 8 2.1.2. External benchmarks 8 2.2. Population size, density and growth rate 9 2.2.1. Size and distribution 9 2.2.2. Density and urbanization 10 2.2.3. Growth rate 12 2.2.4. Other characteristics 13 2.3. Existing settlement patterns 16 2.4. Summary 18 DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. iii 3. Physical Resources 3.1. General land and water characteristics and resources 19 3.1.1. Topography and slope 19 3.1.2. Land and water resources 19 3.1.3. Geologic features of the province 21 3.1.4. Mineral resources 22 3.1.5. Climate 23 3.1.5.a. Climate profile 23 3.2. Land use potentials and constraints 25 3.2.1. Land classification 25 3.2.2. Land suitability 27 3.2.3. Protection areas 28 3.2.4 Hazard Profile 30 3.2.4.a Areas prone to flood 30 3.2.4.b Areas prone to RIL 32 3.2.4.c Areas prone to earthquake-related hazards 34 3.2.4.d Areas prone to volcanic hazards 41 3.2.4.e Areas prone to storm surge 42 3.2.4.f Areas potentially at risk to sea level rise 43 3.2.4.1 Institutional capacity 46 3.2.4.2 Gaps and challenges on DRR and CCA implementation 47 4. Economy 4.1. Economic structure 52 4.1.1. External context of local economy 52 4.1.2. Patterns of industry concentration and specialization 53 4.1.3. Basic sectors and corresponding industries 54 a. Agriculture, fishery and forestry 55 b. Industry and service sector 60 4.2. Potentials for contributing to local economic growth 62 4.3. Local factors 63 4.4. Summary 64 5. Transportation, Access and Circulation 5.1. External linkage 67 5.2. Internal circulation 68 6. Income, Employment, Service Access and Poverty 6.1. Employment and unemployment rate 72 6.2. Family income levels 72 6.3. Level and extent of services 74 6.3.1. Health 76 6.3.2. Education 79 6.3.3. Housing 83 6.3.4. Security 86 6.4. Utility/infrastructure services 88 6.4.1. Water and sanitation 88 6.4.2. Power 93 6.4.3. Drainage and flood control 96 6.4.4. Solid waste management 97 6.5. Other services and facilities 98 6.6. Poverty 99 6.6.1. Subsistence incidence 99 6.6.2. Poverty incidence 99 DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. 4 7. Land Use and Physical Framework 7.1. Existing land use, trends and potential expansion 100 7.1.1. Existing land use 100 7.1.2. Trends and potential expansion 102 7.2. Physical framework 102 7.2.1. Demand for land 102 7.2.2. Integrate demand with supply 105 7.2.3. Integrate other land use requirements 105 a. Settlements framework 105 b. Protection framework 108 c. Production framework 111 d. Transport/infrastructure framework 112 Chapter IV – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS (Issues & Problems) 1. Issues and problems 1. Massive poverty 114 2. Disaster risk and climate change 114 2.1. The province is hazard-prone 114 2.1.1. Population exposure to hazards 114 2.1.2. Built-up areas exposure to hazards 126 2.1.3. Critical infrastructures/lifeline facilities exposure 151 2.1.3.1. Roads and Bridges Exposure to Hazards 151 2.1.3.2. Power system and communication facilities exposure 165 2.1.3.3. Health facilities exposure to hazards 165 2.1.3.4. Educational facilities Exposure to Hazards 166 2.1.3.5. Economic Activities Exposure to Hazards 168 a. Tourism exposure to hazards 168 b. Agriculture exposure to hazards 168 2.1.4. Environment exposure to hazards and impacts of climate change 178 2.1.4.1. Forestry vulnerability to erosion and flooding 178 2.1.4.2. Water system vulnerability to drought and sea level rise 181 2.1.4.4. Agriculture vulnerability to erosion and drought 183 2.2. Institutional capacity needs to be strengthened 189 3. Lack of proper waste disposal system 190 4. Poorly planned settlements 190 5. Underdeveloped tourism industry 190 6. Lack of industries 191 7. High outmigration 191 8. High dependence on agriculture 191 Chapter V – DEVELOPMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND TARGETS 193 Chapter VI – SECTORAL AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 195 Chapter VII – LAND USE AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 196 Chapter VIII– STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, AND ACTIVITIES 197 DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS A&D Alienable and Disposable ADB Asian Development Bank AIP Annual Investment Program APGR Annual Population Growth Rate AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management CAB Climatology and Agro meteorology Branch CC Climate Change CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCC Climate Change Commission CCVA Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment CMBS Community-Based Monitoring System CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLPI Core Local Poverty Indicators CMP Community Mortgage Program CPDO City Planning and Development CPH Census on Population and Housing DepEd Department of Education DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOH Department of Health DOTC Department of Transportation and Communications DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DRA Disaster Risk Assessment DRVA Disaster Risk Vulnerability Assessment DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development DTI Department of Trade and Industry Execom Executive Committee ETC/S Existing levels, Trends, Comparisons, Significance FIES Family Income and Expenditure Survey FMB Forest Management Bureau GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product HDI Human Development Index HH Household Head IPDF Indigenous Peoples Development Framework IPDP Indigenous Peoples Development Plan ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone LDIP Local Development Investment Program LGU Local Government Unit LQ Location Quotient LPRAP Local Poverty Reduction Action Plan MAO Municipal Agriculture Office MDG Millennium Development Goals MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan MTPIP Medium-Term Public Investment Program M & E Monitoring and Evaluation NAMRIA National Mapping and Resources Information Authority NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board NDHS National Demographic and Health Survey DRR/CCA- Enhanced PDPFP – Biliran, p. 6 NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NFPP National Framework for Physical Planning NGO Non-Government Organization OCD Office of Civil Defense PAGASA Phil. Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration PAO Provincial Agriculture Office PD Presidential Decree PDC Provincial Development Council PDIP Provincial Development Investment Program PDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan PDRRMO Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and management Office Phivolcs Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PHS