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Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1 Natural Resources Canada Hydraulic Energy Group Renewable Energy Technologies Sustainable Buildings and Communities CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC) 580 Booth Street, 13th Floor Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E4 Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1 - Main Report Final H-327842 Rev 0 March 2008 Natural Resources Canada - Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1 - Main Report Volume 2 - Appendices H-327842.201.01, Rev. 0 Low Head Market Assess - Mainreport.Doc © Hatch 2006/03 a Natural Resources Canada - Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Main Report Table of Contents Report and Estimate Disclaimer List of Acronyms/Abbreviations Hydropower Glossary List of Tables List of Figures 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background................................................................................................................................. 1-2 2. Small and Low Head Hydro ................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Small Hydro Defined .................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Low Head Hydro Defined........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Run-of-River Defined .................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Low Head Hydro.................................................................... 2-2 3. Low Head Hydropower in Canada ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Current Market Status.................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 International Market Status ................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2 Canadian Potential...................................................................................................................... 3-3 4. State of Technology.............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Existing Turbine Designs for Low Head....................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.1 Axial Flow Turbines .......................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.1.1 Pit/Bulb Turbine With a Bevel Gear Drive ............................................................... 4-4 4.1.1.2 Straflo Turbines ....................................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.1.3 ECOBulb Turbine .................................................................................................... 4-8 4.1.1.4 Horizontal Axis Pit Turbine ..................................................................................... 4-9 4.1.1.5 Inclined Axis Axial Flow Turbine........................................................................... 4-10 4.1.1.6 Horizontal Axis “S” Type Turbine (Downstream Elbow) ........................................ 4-11 4.1.1.7 Horizontal Axis “S” Type Turbine (Upstream Elbow) ............................................. 4-12 4.1.1.8 Vertical Axis Small Kaplan Turbine With Elbow Draft Tube ................................... 4-13 4.1.1.9 Vertical Axis Saxo Turbine..................................................................................... 4-14 4.1.2 Horizontal Francis Turbine.............................................................................................. 4-15 4.2 Emerging Technologies For Low Head Hydro ........................................................................... 4-15 4.2.1 Permanent Magnet Generators ........................................................................................ 4-15 4.2.2 Very Low Head Turbine .................................................................................................. 4-16 4.2.3 Displacement Motor........................................................................................................ 4-17 4.2.4 “Vaneless” Fish-Friendly Turbines ................................................................................... 4-18 4.2.5 Electricity Storage............................................................................................................ 4-19 4.2.6 Other Technologies......................................................................................................... 4-19 4.3 Current Manufacturer Capacity ................................................................................................. 4-20 4.4 References ................................................................................................................................ 4-21 H-327842.201.01, Rev. 0, Page TOC-1 Low Head Market Assess - Mainreport.Doc © Hatch 2006/03 a Natural Resources Canada - Low Head Hydro Market Assessment 5. Energy Generation Economics.............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Low Head Hydro Costs ............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Civil Works ....................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Electromechanical ............................................................................................................. 5-2 5.1.3 Transmission and Interconnection ..................................................................................... 5-3 5.1.4 Low Head Hydro Costs ..................................................................................................... 5-4 5.2 Cost of Other Generation Technologies ...................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.1 Conventional Technologies ............................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.2 Other Technologies........................................................................................................... 5-6 5.3 Unit Energy Prices....................................................................................................................... 5-6 5.4 Project Economics....................................................................................................................... 5-9 5.5 Green Power Incentives ............................................................................................................ 5-11 5.5.1 Federal Incentives and Tax Measures............................................................................... 5-11 5.5.2 Requests for Proposal ...................................................................................................... 5-11 5.5.2.1 British Columbia.................................................................................................... 5-11 5.5.2.2 Ontario.................................................................................................................. 5-13 5.5.3 Standard Offer Programs ................................................................................................. 5-13 5.5.3.1 British Columbia.................................................................................................... 5-13 5.5.3.2 Ontario.................................................................................................................. 5-14 5.5.4 Net-Metering................................................................................................................... 5-15 5.6 Capital Cost and Incentive Impact Analysis ............................................................................... 5-15 6. Environmental Impacts of Low Head Hydropower Developments....................................................... 6-1 7. Low Head Hydro Barrier Assessment................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Screening Exercise ...................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................. 7-2 7.2.1 Proponent/Reviewer Format .............................................................................................. 7-3 7.2.2 Questionnaire Evaluation .................................................................................................. 7-4 8. Workshops ........................................................................................................................................... 8-1 9. Questionnaire/Workshop Results ......................................................................................................... 9-1 9.1 Proposition 1 – Market Incentives ...............................................................................................9-1 9.2 Proposition 2 – Environmental Assessment ................................................................................. 9-3 9.3 Proposition 3 – Electrical Interconnection Permitting .................................................................
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