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Did Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle Terminate Roman and Global Civilization? [ROME’S POPULATION CATASTROPHE: G

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Did Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle Terminate Roman and Global Civilization? [ROME’S POPULATION CATASTROPHE: G 1 Did Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle Terminate Roman and Global Civilization? [ROME’S POPULATION CATASTROPHE: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_di_Roma] G. Heinsohn, January 2021 In the first millennium CE, the people of ROME built residential quarters, latrines, water pipes, sewage systems, streets, ports, bakeries etc., but only during Imperial Antiquity (1- 230s CE). No such structures were built during Late Antiquity (4th-6th/7th c.) or the Early Middle Ages (8th-930s CE). [See already https://q-mag.org/gunnar-heinsohn-the-stratigraphy- of-rome-benchmark-for-the-chronology-of-the-first-millennium-ce.html] Since the ruins of the 3rd c. CE lie directly beneath the primitive new structures that were built after the 930s CE (i.e., BEGINNING OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES), Imperial Antiquity belongs stratigraphically to the period from 700 to 930s CE. The steep decline in the population of Rome from 1.5 million to 650,000, dated in the diagram to "450" CE, must be accommodated archaeologically within Imperial Antiquity. This decline is due to the crisis caused by the Antonine Plague and Fires, the burning of Rome's State Archives (Tabularium), the Comet of Commodus before the rise of the Severan Emperors (190s-230s CE), and the invasion of Italy by proto-Hunnic Iazyges and proto-Gothic Quadi from the 160s to the 190s. The 160s ff. are stratigraphically parallel with the 450s ff. CE and its invasion of Italy by Huns and Goths. Stratigraphically, we are in the 860s ff. CE, with Hungarians and Vikings. The demographic collapse in the CRISIS OF THE 6th CENTURY (“553” CE in the diagram) is identical with the CRISIS OF THE 3rd C., as well as with the COLLAPSE OF THE 10th C., when Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle (after King Heinrich I of Saxony; 876/919-936 CE) with ensuing volcanos and floods of the 930s CE ) damaged the globe and Henry’s Roman style city of Magdeburg). Therefore, the diagram’s dates “553” and “1000” stand for the same demographic situation (3rd==6th== 10th c. CE). It was that Atlantis-like 930s cataclysm that caused the FALL OF ROME. Invasions of Huns, Goths, and Arabs [“Migration Period”] preceded this disaster by some 70 years. [See already http://www.q-mag.org/gunnar-heinsohn-tenth-century-collapse.html.] 2 Written sources dealing with the 930s CE CATACLYSM caused by Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle. Widukind von CORVEY (925-973 CE) MESOPOTAMIA Rerum gestarum saxonicarum libri tres SHAYKH MUFID (948-1022 CE) Liber II: XXXII. DE PORTENTIS Kitab al-Irshad (Book of Guidance) [http://www.fh- [https://www.shia-maktab.info/index.php/en/library/books/english? augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost10/Widukind/wid_sax0.html.] format=raw&task=download&fid=93.] COMET HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle “Traditions have been reported mentioning the signs for the time of the (after Heinrich I of Saxony) appearance of the Imam. / There will be an eclipse of the sun in the middle [Henry the Fowler; 876-936 CE] of the month of Ramaḍān; there will be an eclipse of the moon at the end “In the same year frightening omens were seen, namely of that month in contrast to ordinary happenings; the land will be swallowed up at al-Bayḍā’; it will be swallowed in the east - it will be comets, which were visible from October 17 to November swallowed up in the west; the sun will stay still from the time of its decline 1. This phenomenon made many people tremble, because they to the middle of the time for the afternoon prayer; it will rise from the west. feared a furious plague or at least an overthrow of the regime. / The star will appear in the east giving light just like the moon gives At the least, many disturbing signs appeared before Heinrich's light; then (the new moon) will bend until its two tips almost meet; a color passing [936 AD] . The sun was without light, although the will appear in the sky and spread to its horizons; a fire will appear for a long time in the east remaining in the air for three or seven days. / A black skies were clear and cloudless, but it looked blood-red wind will raise it at the beginning of the day and then an earthquake will through the windows. Also, it was said, the mountain in occur so that much of it will be swallowed up. / Swift death (will occur) which the mighty king was buried spat fire in several places. there and there will be a loss of property, lives and harvests; locusts will / The comet was followed by a flood and the latter by a appear at / times not usual / and there will be little harvest for what the pestilence of cattle. people planted. […] Slaves will rebel / and kill their masters. / A face and a chest will appear in the sky before the people in the center of the sun. / The fact that Widukind does not speak of one That will come to an end / with twenty-four continuous rainstorms and comet, but in the plural of “cometS”, it could have the land will be revived by them after being dead. / We have only mentioned . […] what is recounted in basic sources of tradition.” been a double-headed comet prone to G. Heinsohn, January 2021 destabilization. 3 POSSIBLE YEAR 934 CE OF HEINRICHS’S COMET [from “Cloudy and clear stratospheres before A.D. 1000 inferred from written sources” by Richard B. STOTHERS, Institute for Space Studies, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, New York, USA. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D23, 4718, doi:10.1029/2002JD002105, 2002 [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2002JD002105] G. Heinsohn, January 2021 “A.D. 934 -Clausen, H. B., C. U. Hammer, C. S. Hvidberg, D. Dahl-Jensen, J. P. Steffensen, J. Kipfstuhl, and M. Legrand, A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years A dry fog is strongly indicated by a day-long red appearance of from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., the Sun over Germany and Ireland [Stothers, 1998]. Schove [1984] 102, 26,707 – 26,723, 1997 has noted four other mentions of the red Sun in very late -D’Arrigo, R., D. Frank, G. Jacoby, and N. Pederson, Spatial response to major volcanic events in or about AD 536, 934 and 1258: Frost rings and other dendrochronological European chronicles, all of which have referred the event to the evidence from Mongolia and northern Siberia: Comment on R. B. Stothers, ‘‘Volcanic dry reign of Lothair II (931 – 950) in Italy. The assigned dates in fogs, climate cooling, and plague pandemics in Europe and the Middle East’’ (Climatic these chronicles range from 937 to 963, but these are Change, 42, 1999), Clim. Change, 49, 239 – 246, 2001. -Hammer, C. U., Traces of Icelandic eruptions in the Greenland ice sheet, Jo¨kull, 34, 51 – undoubtedly errors for 934, the date implied, somewhat 65, 1984. approximately, by our main source, the contemporary chronicler -Hammer, C. U., H. B. Clausen, and W. Dansgaard, Greenland ice sheet evidence of post- Widukind of Corvey in Saxony [mentioning the comet of glacial volcanism and its climatic impact, Nature, 288, 230 – 235, 1980. -Herron, M. M., Impurity sources of F, Cl, NO3 , and SO4 2 in Greenland and Antarctic Heinrich that is here strangely omitted by STOTHERS; GH]. precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3052 – 3060, 1982. The volcano Eldgjá in Iceland erupted around this time, -Johnsen, S. J., H. B. Clausen, W. Dansgaard, K. Fuhrer, N. Gundestrup, C. U. Hammer, P. Iversen, J. Jouzel, B. Stauffer, and J. P. Steffensen, Irregular glacial interstadials probably starting during the summer months. Greenland ice recorded in a new Greenland ice core, Nature, 359, 311 – 313, 1992. cores place the eruption date somewhere in the interval 934 – -Schove, D. J., Chronology of Eclipses and Comets, AD 1 – 1000, Boydell, Suffolk, 1984. 938 [Hammer et al., 1980; Herron, 1982; Hammer, 1984; Johnsen et al., -Stothers, R. B., Far reach of the tenth century Eldgja´ eruption, Iceland, Clim. Change, 39, 715 – 726, 1998. 1992; Zielinski et al., 1994, 1995; Zielinski, 1995; Clausen et al., 1997]. -Thordarson, T., D. J. Miller, G. Larsen, S. Self, and H. Sigurdsson, New estimates of Although northern tree ring signals around this date are sulfur degassing and atmospheric mass-loading by the 934 AD Eldgja´ eruption, Iceland, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 108, 33 – 54, 2001.-Zielinski, G. A., Stratospheric loading [D’Arrigo et al., 2001] sparse , the documentary evidence is and optical depth estimates of explosive volcanism over the last 2100 years derived from abundant and quite explicit about the atmospheric cooling (see the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,937 – 20,955, 1995. also the contemporary Persian chronicler Hamza al-Isfahani, Annals 10.7, -Zielinski, G. A., P. A. Mayewski, L. D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M. S. Twickler, M. Gottwaldt). Climatic and historic evidence together tie the starting Morrison, D. A. Meese, A. J. Gow, and R. B. Alley, Record of volcanism since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for the volcano-climate system, date to 934. The eruption itself was of fissure type and was Science, 264, 948 – 952, 1994. apparently drawn out over several years [Thordarson et al., 2001].” -Zielinski, G. A., M. S. Germani, G. Larsen, M. G. L. Baillie, S. Whitlow, M. S. Twickler, and K. Taylor, Evidence of the Eldgja´ (Iceland) eruption in the GISP2 Greenland ice core: Relationship to eruption processes and climatic conditions in the tenth century, Holocene, 5, 129 – 140, 1995.
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