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The Carolingian Past in Post-Carolingian Europe Simon Maclean
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 1 The Carolingian Past in Post-Carolingian Europe Simon MacLean On 28 January 893, a 13-year-old known to posterity as Charles III “the Simple” (or “Straightforward”) was crowned king of West Francia at the great cathedral of Rheims. Charles was a great-great-grandson in the direct male line of the emperor Charlemagne andclung tightly to his Carolingian heritage throughout his life.1 Indeed, 28 January was chosen for the coronation precisely because it was the anniversary of his great ancestor’s death in 814. However, the coronation, for all its pointed symbolism, was not a simple continuation of his family’s long-standing hegemony – it was an act of rebellion. Five years earlier, in 888, a dearth of viable successors to the emperor Charles the Fat had shattered the monopoly on royal authority which the Carolingian dynasty had claimed since 751. The succession crisis resolved itself via the appearance in all of the Frankish kingdoms of kings from outside the family’s male line (and in some cases from outside the family altogether) including, in West Francia, the erstwhile count of Paris Odo – and while Charles’s family would again hold royal status for a substantial part of the tenth century, in the long run it was Odo’s, the Capetians, which prevailed. Charles the Simple, then, was a man displaced in time: a Carolingian marooned in a post-Carolingian political world where belonging to the dynasty of Charlemagne had lost its hegemonic significance , however loudly it was proclaimed.2 His dilemma represents a peculiar syndrome of the tenth century and stands as a symbol for the theme of this article, which asks how members of the tenth-century ruling class perceived their relationship to the Carolingian past. -
Facts About the Treaty of Verdun
Facts About The Treaty Of Verdun Wilmar win fiercely if letter-perfect Salim laurelled or peg. Self-styled Teodor footle soddenly. Inexpensive and demulcent Brooks wipes rather and joins his firetraps paratactically and barefooted. Charlemagne ordered world with facts, not understand the important to gain a different trees, pouring forward over the title and japanese. Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. European Political Facts 14-191. Madeleine Hosli Amie Kreppel Bla Plechanovov Amy Verdun. The Basques attacked and destroyed his rearguard and baggage train. America had missed the epic battles of Verdun and the Somme where. In the context of dwelling, it refers to the funeral of dubious entire dwelling, including the policy of the land it resolve on defence of imposing other structure, such transfer a garage, which vary on century property. The disease spreads overseas walking the Western Front. Day their gods were worn by charlemagne was under frankish kingdom of fact, private dwelling was formed by paulinus of. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. In what year, Charlemagne was crowned emperor and adapted his existing royal administration to evolve up wanted the expectations of his ancient title. Godfred invaded frisia, verdun treaty of fact roman forces of odin and use of an end. Similar agreements had already been signed by Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria. Treaty A compact made between two or more independent nations with a view to the publicwelfare. Who defeated the Franks? The country from the lands, united states are absolutely essential for easier reading in verdun facts treaty of the few troops. -
Did Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle Terminate Roman and Global Civilization? [ROME’S POPULATION CATASTROPHE: G
1 Did Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle Terminate Roman and Global Civilization? [ROME’S POPULATION CATASTROPHE: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_di_Roma] G. Heinsohn, January 2021 In the first millennium CE, the people of ROME built residential quarters, latrines, water pipes, sewage systems, streets, ports, bakeries etc., but only during Imperial Antiquity (1- 230s CE). No such structures were built during Late Antiquity (4th-6th/7th c.) or the Early Middle Ages (8th-930s CE). [See already https://q-mag.org/gunnar-heinsohn-the-stratigraphy- of-rome-benchmark-for-the-chronology-of-the-first-millennium-ce.html] Since the ruins of the 3rd c. CE lie directly beneath the primitive new structures that were built after the 930s CE (i.e., BEGINNING OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES), Imperial Antiquity belongs stratigraphically to the period from 700 to 930s CE. The steep decline in the population of Rome from 1.5 million to 650,000, dated in the diagram to "450" CE, must be accommodated archaeologically within Imperial Antiquity. This decline is due to the crisis caused by the Antonine Plague and Fires, the burning of Rome's State Archives (Tabularium), the Comet of Commodus before the rise of the Severan Emperors (190s-230s CE), and the invasion of Italy by proto-Hunnic Iazyges and proto-Gothic Quadi from the 160s to the 190s. The 160s ff. are stratigraphically parallel with the 450s ff. CE and its invasion of Italy by Huns and Goths. Stratigraphically, we are in the 860s ff. CE, with Hungarians and Vikings. The demographic collapse in the CRISIS OF THE 6th CENTURY (“553” CE in the diagram) is identical with the CRISIS OF THE 3rd C., as well as with the COLLAPSE OF THE 10th C., when Comet HEINRICH-Swift-Tuttle (after King Heinrich I of Saxony; 876/919-936 CE) with ensuing volcanos and floods of the 930s CE ) damaged the globe and Henry’s Roman style city of Magdeburg). -
Revisiting the Monument Fifty Years Since Panofsky’S Tomb Sculpture
REVISITING THE MONUMENT FIFTY YEARS SINCE PANOFSKY’S TOMB SCULPTURE EDITED BY ANN ADAMS JESSICA BARKER Revisiting The Monument: Fifty Years since Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture Edited by Ann Adams and Jessica Barker With contributions by: Ann Adams Jessica Barker James Alexander Cameron Martha Dunkelman Shirin Fozi Sanne Frequin Robert Marcoux Susie Nash Geoffrey Nuttall Luca Palozzi Matthew Reeves Kim Woods Series Editor: Alixe Bovey Courtauld Books Online is published by the Research Forum of The Courtauld Institute of Art Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 0RN © 2016, The Courtauld Institute of Art, London. ISBN: 978-1-907485-06-0 Courtauld Books Online Advisory Board: Paul Binski (University of Cambridge) Thomas Crow (Institute of Fine Arts) Michael Ann Holly (Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute) Courtauld Books Online is a series of scholarly books published by The Courtauld Institute of Art. The series includes research publications that emerge from Courtauld Research Forum events and Courtauld projects involving an array of outstanding scholars from art history and conservation across the world. It is an open-access series, freely available to readers to read online and to download without charge. The series has been developed in the context of research priorities of The Courtauld which emphasise the extension of knowledge in the fields of art history and conservation, and the development of new patterns of explanation. For more information contact [email protected] All chapters of this book are available for download at courtauld.ac.uk/research/courtauld-books-online Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of images reproduced in this publication. -
St. Matilda Feast: March 14
St. Matilda Feast: March 14 Facts Feast Day: March 14 Matilda was the daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark. She was also known as Mechtildis and Maud. She was raised by her grandmother, the Abbess of Eufurt convent. Matilda married Henry the Fowler, son of Duke Otto of Saxony, in the year 909. He succeeded his father as Duke in the year 912 and in 919 succeeded King Conrad I to the German throne. She was noted for her piety and charitable works. She was widowed in the year 936, and supported her son Henry's claim to his father's throne. When her son Otto (the Great) was elected, she persuaded him to name Henry Duke of Bavaria after he had led an unsuccessful revolt. She was severely criticized by both Otto and Henry for what they considered her extravagant charities. She resigned her inheritance to her sons, and retired to her country home but was called to the court through the intercession of Otto's wife, Edith. When Henry again revolted, Otto put down the insurrection in the year 941 with great cruelty. Matilda censored Henry when he began another revolt against Otto in the year 953 and for his ruthlessness in suppressing a revolt by his own subjects; at that time she prophesized his imminent death. When he did die in 955, she devoted herself to building three convents and a monastery, was left in charge of the kingdom when Otto went to Rome in 962 to be crowned Emperor (often regarded as the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire), and spent most of the declining years of her life at the convent at Nordhausen she had built. -
The Conquest and Forced Conversion of the Saxons Under Charlemagne
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 Res Voluntaria, Non Necessaria: The onquesC t and Forced Conversion of the Saxons under Charlemagne Alexander Scott esD sens Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Dessens, Alexander Scott, "Res Voluntaria, Non Necessaria: The onqueC st and Forced Conversion of the Saxons under Charlemagne" (2013). LSU Master's Theses. 1275. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1275 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RES VOLUNTARIA, NON NECESSARIA: THE CONQUEST AND FORCED CONVERSION OF THE SAXONS UNDER CHARLEMAGNE A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Alexander Dessens B.A., Louisiana State University, 2010 December 2013 © Copyright 2013 Alexander Dessens All rights reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS. iv ABSTRACT. v INTRODUCTION: A THING OF WILL?. 1 THE SAXON WARS AND MISSIONARY IDEOLOGY IN MODERN SCHOLARSHIP. 9 THE OPENING PHASE OF THE SAXON WARS: CAMPAIGNS AND CONVERSIONS, 772-781. 28 DESPERATE MEASURES: REBELLION, FRUSTRATION, AND THE ‘TERROR CAPITULARY,’ 782-785 . 42 THE END OF THE CONFLICT, 793-804. -
Lesson 8: the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 CE)
Lesson 8: The Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 CE) Have you ever wondered? Grandpa’s History Lessons that Matter The Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 CE) A Varying Complex of Lands and Leaders; the Holy Roman Empire, as Voltaire sardonically remarked, was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. INTRODUCTION: • The Holy Roman Empire was created by the coronation of the Frankish king Charlemagne as Roman emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in the year 800, thus restoring in their eyes the western Roman Empire that had been leaderless since 476 and preserving and protecting the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, ensuring that it had a unique identity separate from the Eastern Orthodox (i.e. the Eastern Roman Church). Charlemagne's Frankish successor emperors faltered under political and military challenges, and his inheritance was permanently divided in 887. After 924 the western empire was again without an emperor until the coronation of Otto I, duke of Saxony, on 2 February 962. This coronation was seen to transfer the Roman imperial office to the heirs of the East Franks, the Germans. In 1512 the name "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" became the official title of this feudal monarchy, which spanned central Europe between the kingdom of France to the west and the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland to the east. In the north it was bounded by the Baltic and North Seas and by the Danish kingdom; in the south, it reached to the Alps. The Holy Roman Empire was not a highly centralized state like most countries today. -
St. Matilda Catholic.Net
St. Matilda Catholic.net Matilda was the daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark. She was also known as Mechtildis and Maud. She was raised by her grandmother, the Abbess of Eufurt convent. Matilda married Henry the Fowler, son of Duke Otto of Saxony, in the year 909. He succeeded his father as Duke in the year 912 and in 919 succeeded King Conrad I to the German throne. She was noted for her piety and charitable works. She was widowed in the year 936, and supported her son Henry's claim to his father's throne. When her son Otto (the Great) was elected, she persuaded him to name Henry Duke of Bavaria after he had led an unsuccessful revolt. She was severely criticized by both Otto and Henry for what they considered her extravagant charities. She resigned her inheritance to her sons, and retired to her country home but was called to the court through the intercession of Otto's wife, Edith. When Henry again revolted, Otto put down the insurrection in the year 941 with great cruelty. Matilda censored Henry when he began another revolt against Otto in the year 953 and for his ruthlessness in suppressing a revolt by his own subjects; at that time she prophesized his imminent death. When he did die in 955, she devoted herself to building three convents and a monastery, was left in charge of the kingdom when Otto went to Rome in 962 to be crowned Emperor (often regarded as the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire), and spent most of the declining years of her life at the convent at Nordhausen she had built. -
Bavaria the Bavarians Emerged in a Region North of the Alps, Originally Inhabited by the Celts, Which Had Been Part of the Roman Provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum
Bavaria The Bavarians emerged in a region north of the Alps, originally inhabited by the Celts, which had been part of the Roman provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, did not migrate from elsewhere. Rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century AD. These peoples may have included Marcomanni, Thuringians, Goths, Rugians, Heruli, and some remaining Romans. The name "Bavarian" ("Baiuvari") means "Men of Baia" which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520. Saint Boniface completed the people's conversion to Christianity in the early 8th century. Bavaria was, for the most part, unaffected by the Protestant Reformation, and even today, most of it is strongly Roman Catholic. From about 550 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the duchy of Bavaria, ending with Tassilo III who was deposed by Charlemagne. Three early dukes are named in Frankish sources: Garibald I may have been appointed to the office by the Merovingian kings and married the Lombard princess Walderada when the church forbade her to King Chlothar I in 555. Their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish over- lords. Garibald's successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the eastern frontier against the expansion of Slavs and Avars around 600. Tassilo's son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616. -
Approaches to Community and Otherness in the Late Merovingian and Early Carolingian Periods
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by White Rose E-theses Online Approaches to Community and Otherness in the Late Merovingian and Early Carolingian Periods Richard Christopher Broome Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History September 2014 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Richard Christopher Broome to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2014 The University of Leeds and Richard Christopher Broome iii Acknowledgements There are many people without whom this thesis would not have been possible. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Ian Wood, who has been a constant source of invaluable knowledge, advice and guidance, and who invited me to take on the project which evolved into this thesis. The project he offered me came with a substantial bursary, for which I am grateful to HERA and the Cultural Memory and the Resources of the Past project with which I have been involved. Second, I would like to thank all those who were also involved in CMRP for their various thoughts on my research, especially Clemens Gantner for guiding me through the world of eighth-century Italy, to Helmut Reimitz for sending me a pre-print copy of his forthcoming book, and to Graeme Ward for his thoughts on Aquitanian matters. -
HIST 385 Study Guide 3
HIST 385 Study Guide: Exam II I. Identification The second section will be listing and identification section. For identifications, be sure to explain completely who, what, when, where, why, how & significance for each item. Political Augustinianism Icon Controversy Charles Martel Poitiers Ethelred the Unraed Term “Viking” origins Partition of Verdun Wessex Immunitas Tacitus, Germania Charlemagne Hincmar of Rheims Paul the Deacon Alcuin of York Venerable Bede Alfred the Great Saracens Magyars Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Offa of Mercia Lindisfarne Louis the Pious Louis the German Charles the Bald Lothar II Hastings Carolingian capitularies Odo of Aquitaine March lords Theodulf of Orleans Glossaries Comites Placitum generale Saxons Song of Roland Bretwalda Alphabet of Middle Ages Rex Anglorum Saracens Hincmar of Rheims Libri Carolini Charlemagne’s coronation Missi dominici Carolingian miniscule Einhard Romanesque Gothic Oaths of Strasbourg Partition at Messen Synod of Whitby Celtic Renaissance Lindisfarne Gospels Otto the Great Henry the Fowler Charles the Simple Rollo the Norman Battle of Lechfeld Battle of Edington Monks of St. Philibert Burhs Fyrd Mansus Alfred the Great Guthrum the Dane Bosky Land Servus Polyptychs Danegeld Danelaw longship William the Conqueror filioque Iconoclast Controversy Transubstantiation Shire Moot Hundred Court Justicar Witan King Stephen The Anarchy Sheriff Chamberlain Chancellor & Chancery Jury of Presentment Assize of Clarendon Common Law Alfred’s Doom Book King’s Peace King’s Justice House of Commons Model Parliament House of Lords Curia Regis Earls Viking Age Henry I Beauclerc Battle of Dyle Circuit Courts Charles the Fat Henry II of England Edward I of England King’s Bench Court of Common Pleas Exchequer wapentake Treaty of Wedmore Felony Concept of a Jury II. -
Bowl Round 9 Bowl Round 9 First Quarter
NHBB C-Set Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9 Bowl Round 9 First Quarter (1) This event's fourth principle declared that \superior orders" do not relieve a person from lawful responsibility. Seven subjects of these events were taken to Spandau. Their location was chosen symbolically, as it had hosted an annual propaganda rally and was the city where, in 1935, a harsh set of anti-Semitic laws was signed. Luftwaffe commander Hermann Goring was sentenced to death at, for ten points, what series of trials in which Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes? ANSWER: Nuremberg trials (2) In this modern day country, Boleslaw [boll-eh-slav] the Pious of this country's Piast Dynasty granted Jews legal rights with the Statue of Kalisz [kal-eesh]. In this modern day country, the Szaltcha [SHALL-chah] enacted the Golden Liberty under its Jagiellion [yah-gell-ee-on] dynasty. This modern day country has been partitioned between Russia, Prussia, and Austria. For ten points, name this eastern European nation with capital Warsaw. ANSWER: Poland (3) This man's autobiography details his successful separation of the conjoined twins Josef and Theresia Binder, though his scientific credentials were criticized in 2015 after he denied Big Bang theory. This author of Gifted Hands gave the keynote address at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast and, in September 2015, stated that a Muslim should not be in charge of the United States. For ten points, name this Republican presidential candidate and retired neurosurgeon. ANSWER: Ben Carson (4) This person came to power after his wife ran over her father's body with a chariot on the Vicus Sceleratus.