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Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1995 Comparative Morphology of the Scolices and Microtriches Among Five Species of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) Eric P. Hoberg USDA-ARS, [email protected] D. E. Sims University of Prince Edward Island P. H. Odense National Research Council of Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Hoberg, Eric P.; Sims, D. E.; and Odense, P. H., "Comparative Morphology of the Scolices and Microtriches Among Five Species of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae)" (1995). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 725. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/725 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 81(3), 1995, p. 475-481 ? American Society of Parasitologists 1995 COMPARATIVEMORPHOLOGY OF THESCOLICES AND MICROTRICHESAMONG FIVE SPECIES OF TETRABOTHRIUS (EUCESTODA:TETRABOTHRIIDAE) E. P. Hoberg, D. E. Sims*, and P. H. Odenset UnitedStates Departmentof Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service, Biosystematicsand NationalParasite Collection Unit, BARC-East #1180, 10300Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-2350 ABSTRAcr:The structureof the scolex, neck, and adjacentstrobila of 5 species of Tetrabothriuswas evaluatedusing low to high magnificationscanning electron microscopy.Species-specific patterns and morphotypes(spiniform, papilliform, and filiform)of microtricheswere found on the scolices and strobilartegument of Tetrabothrius(Oriana) affinis, Tetrabothrius (Oriana)filiformis, and Tetrabothrius(Culmenamniculus) laccocephalus; microtriches were absentin Tetrabothrius(Culmenamniculus) cylindraceus and Tetrabothrius(Tetrabothrius) sp. The presence, distribution,and form of microtrichesmay not be correlatedwith the subgenericdivisions of Tetrabothriusor the host taxon. Unique patternsdo not appearto be sharedwith othergroups of cestodes, particularlyother tetraphyllideans.We suggestthat the spiniform,filiform, and papilliformtypes of microtrichesmay be sym- plesiomorphicfor the Eucestoda. Microtrich-like structures on the holdfasts of tetraphyllidean cocephalusSplitlich, 1909, Tetrabothrius(Oriana) fiiformis Nybelin, cestodes have been recognized as potentially significant char- 1916, Tetrabothrius(Culmenamniculus) cylindraceus Rudolphi, 1819, and Tetrabothrius latter acters in (Whittaker and Carvajal, 1980; (Tetrabothrius)sp. (the apparentlyundescribed) systematic analyses were recovered while alive from hosts recently collected in the field. Whittaker et al., 1985). Although genera and species of the Specimens were simultaneouslykilled and fixed in hot 10%buffered Onchobothriidae and Phyllobothriidae have received attention neutralformalin and latertransferred to 70%ethanol for storage.Spec- in studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Caira, imens of Tetrabothrius(Oriana) affinis (Lonnberg, 1891) were also ap- collected while but the fixative is unknown. 1992; Caira and Ruhnke, 1990, 1991; Ruhnke, 1993, 1994) parently alive, original The following materialwas studied. Tetrabothrius 8 cestodes members of the have to be examined. affinis: Tetrabothriidae yet froma bluewhale, Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus), collected at Hawkes Morphological studies of the scolices among species of Te- Harbor, Labrador(57'13'N; 55'20'W) by R. L. Stevenson on 31 July trabothrius Rudolphi, 1819 have included detailed evaluations 1951 (USNM 81901). Tetrabothriuslaccocephalus: 5 specimens from by Spaitlich (1909), Rees (1956), and Andersen and Lysfjord a greatershearwater, Puffinus gravis (O'Reilly),collected at Gough Is- land, South Atlantic Ocean P. G. on (1982). Considerable information on the configuration of the (40?21'S;9?23'W) by Ryan 11 November 1984 (EPH 2270; and USNM 80012). and Temirova and Tetrabothriusfilizfor- scolex is also presented by Baer (1954) Skria- mis: 10 specimens from a greatershearwater collected at GoughIsland bin (1978). Observations of Tetrabothrius pauliani Joyeux and (collectiondata as above; EPH 2267; and USNM 80010). Tetrabothrius Baer, 1954 and Tetrabothrius sp. from penguins involved SEM, (Tetrabothrius)sp.: 2 specimens from a black-leggedkittiwake, Rissa collectedat Talan northernSea of but high magnifications were not employed (Andersen and tridactyla(Linnaeus) Island, Okhotsk, Russia E.P.H. on 23 1988 there is minimal information on (59'18'N; 149'02'E)by August (EPH 3060; Lysfjord, 1982). Consequently, USNM 81903). Tetrabothriuscylindraceus: 5 specimens from a black- the structure of the tegument of the holdfast and strobila among leggedkittiwake at TalanIsland (collection data as above,USNM 81902). genera and species of the Tetrabothriidae. In preparationfor SEM,specimens were dehydrated through a graded In the present study, using SEM, we evaluated the structure series of ethanol;warmed in 100%ethanol to 35 C; placed for 1 hr at constanttemperature in 1:1 ethanol and II, a fluorocarbonthat of the tegument of the holdfasts and strobila of 5 species of Peldri? may be used as a substitute for critical point drying (Kennedy et al., Tetrabothrius from avian and mammalian hosts. A preliminary 1989). Samples were then placed in 100%Peldri II at 35 C for 1 hr. appraisal is given for the configuration and distributional pat- Followinginfiltration, the sampleswere cooled to 20 C and then placed terns of microtriches as systematic characters in this group. in a low vacuumuntil the Peldr II was completelysublimed. Specimens were mountedon aluminumstubs with double-sided Microtriches are compared among tetrabothriids and some oth- tape, sputtercoat- ed with an estimated 100-250 A of and examined with a er to further elucidate sister re- gold, JEOL tetraphyllideans putative group 35 SEM at 25 kV acceleratingvoltage. lationships for these taxa (Hoberg, 1987, 1989). In the context Meristic and structuralcharacteristics apparent in light microscopy of phylogenetic hypotheses for the Eucestoda (Brooks et al., of these specieshave beenreported extensively in the literature(Splitlich, 1991), microtriches found among tetrabothriids are compared 1909; Baer, 1954; Rees, 1956; Temirova and Skriabin,1978). The fol- focuses on attributesof microtrich-likestructures observed on with those reported among the major orders of cestodes. lowing the tegumentof the bothridia,auricles, apical organ,neck, and strobila. Evaluationof the holdfastamong species of Tetrabothrius,where com- MATERIALSAND METHODS plementary,included those regionsof the scolex suggestedby Cairaand 3 of the 4 of the Tetrabothrius Ruhnke(1990) in studiesof othertetraphyllideans. Terminology for the Species representing subgenera genus structureof follows Caira and Ruhnke and Rich- were examined. Specimens of Tetrabothrius(Culmenamniculus) lac- microtriches (1990) mond and Caira(1991) and aredefined as follows:spiniform = flattened, often blade-likestructures with a base substantiallywider than the apex; Received 14 September 1994; revised 15 December 1994; accepted filiform = typically tubular or cylindricalstructures of consistent di- 15 December 1994. ameter that may vary from relativelyshort to highly elongate;papilli- * Departmentof Anatomyand Physiology,Atlantic Veterinary College, form = ovoid structuresthat are typically wider than long. Measure- University of Prince EdwardIsland, Charlottetown,Prince Edward ments are presentedas length, width, and diameterin micrometersas Island, CanadaCIA 4P3. determinedfrom photomicrographs(with an estimatederror of + 10%); t National ResearchCouncil of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, sample sizes are indicatedas (n=); rangesare presented with meanvalues Nova Scotia, CanadaB3H 3Z2. Deceased. in parentheses. 475 476 THE JOURNALOF PARASITOLOGY,VOL. 81, NO. 3, JUNE 1995 FO woop or If~ do&. low ow? FIGURES1-5. Tetrabothriusaffinis (scale bars = 500 Am for Fig. 1; 1.0 Am for Figs. 2-5). 1. Apical view of scolex showing view of apical organ and massive sucker-likebothridia, reduced auricles (pointers),and positions of high magnificationviews for Figures 2-5 indicated by arrows.2. Papilliformto filiformmicrotriches on apicalorgan. 3. Spiniformmicrotriches on adherentsurfaces of bothridia.4. Spiniformmicrotriches along marginof bothridium.5. Spiniformmicrotriches covering external surfaces of bothridia. RESULTS terspecific differences, particularly in the tegument of the hold- fast, were evident. Specimens of T. affinis (Figs. 1-5), T. lac- Among the 5 species examined, the configuration, dimen- cocephalus (Figs. 6-9), and T.filiformis (Figs. 10-22) were found sions, and distributional patterns of microtriches on the scolex, to have species-specific patterns of distribution for papilliform, neck, and strobila did not vary intraspecifically. Substantial in- filiform, and spiniform microtriches that were restricted to par- ,41 ~IL Milli 'I A FIGURES6-9. Tetrabothriuslaccocephalus (scale bars = 100 Am for Fig. 6; 1.0 Amfor all other figures).6. Scolex showing generalstructure and positions of high magnificationviews for Figures7-9 indicatedby arrows.7. Spiniformmicrotriches
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