TNPSC: GR-II (MAINS) ~ 1 ~ 14.12.2019 FUTURE VISION STUDY CENTRE 2nd Floor ,Avk Maruthi Plaza, Opp: Hotel Lakshmi Prakash, SKS Hospital Road, New Bus Stand, Salem .Contact : 90420 30163 WWW.FUTUREVISIONTNPSC.COM TNPSC: GR- II - MAINS – 2019 TIME: 2 Hours UNIT – 8 Marks: 150 1. Role of TamilNadu and its leader in freedom struggle. Madras Mahajana sabha 16th May 1884: Started: Anandha Charlu (Secretary) Veeraragavachari P.Rangaiah (President) It was the training ground of the 1st Generation Nationalist activist leader 1st shabha – Clear Nationalists objectives Aims: They met periodically debated public issues in closed meetings, conducted hall meetings and communicated their views to the government. Demands: Conduct simultaneous civil service examination in India & London Aboliton of council of India in London. Reduction of Taxes and civil, Military expenditure Later INC was founded 1885 Until 1920 : INC close relation with MMS. 1930 : MMS Organise civil disobedient movement Oct 24, 1896 – Gandhiji delivered speech at MMS. Nehru Participated in Golden Jubilee Celebration of Sabha. Rowlatt Satyagraha On 18th march 1919 Gandhi addressed a meeting in Mariana beach On 6th April 1919 a hartal was organised against black act All were gathered in mariana beach & devoted a whole day in fasting & prayer Madras Satyagraha sabha was formed Rajaji, Kasthuri Rangar, S.Sathyamurthi, George Joseph addressed the meeting. A separate meeting of workers was addressed by Thiru. V.K, B.P. Wadia, V.O.C FUTURE VISION STUDY CENTRE – SALEM CONTACT : 90420 30163 TNPSC: GR-II (MAINS) ~ 2 ~ 14.12.2019 Neill Statue protest I. James Neill of the Madras Fusiliers (infantry men with firearms) played an important role in Great Revolt of 1857 suppression. II. He was killed by an Indian sepoy in an incident at Lucknow. III. He was called as Butcher of Allahabad. IV. A Statue was elected for him at Mount Road, Madras. V. To remove the statue, all leaders protested and it was lead by S. N. Samayajulu of Tirunelveli. VI. The statue was finally moved to Madras Museum when congress ministry led by C. Rajaji formed the government in 1937. Leaders: V.O.C → V.O.Chidambaram Pillai → Called as Kappalotiya Tamilan, Chekkilutha Semmal → Born in September 05, 1872 at Ottapidaram → Started his career as lawyer in Thirunelveli → 1905 – Bengali spilit brought him into politics → Encouraged formation of Trade Guilds and workers association → He followed Bala Gangadhar Tilak → He founded Swadeshi Dharma Sanga Weaving Association and Swadeshi Co-operative Stores at Tuticorin → In 1906 he launched Swadeshi steam Navigation Company in Tuticorin → the purchased two ships 1) Gallia 2) Lava Which ran between Tuticorin & Colombo Thirunelveli uprising:- → VOC joined with Subramaniya Siva in organising mill workers in Tuticorin and Thirunelveli. → In 1908 Led a strike in European owned coral mills. → They were charged with sedition and sentenced vigorous imprisonment (40 years / 2 years) → Resulted in increase of wages, reduction in working hours → Their arrested news led to burning down of police station, court building & Municipal office → Died four people in police fire → VOC right leg was chained and he was used as a Bullock in pulling oil press. → V.O.C. attended Surat split in 1907 Vanchinathan 1) He was the follower of Bharatha Matha Association 2) It‟s objective is to kill British Officers 3) He worked under the Service of Travencore 4) Vanchinathan of Sengkottai was influenced by this organisation 5) British collector Ashe shotdown & killed four persons in Tirunelveli 6) He went to Maniachi Railway Railway station & killed Ashe on June 17, 1911 FUTURE VISION STUDY CENTRE – SALEM CONTACT : 90420 30163 TNPSC: GR-II (MAINS) ~ 3 ~ 14.12.2019 → He killed himself too → A warning letter was found in his pocket describing that this murder was a rehearsal to assassinate King George V who was expected to come Madras Periyar [EVR] – (1879 – 1973) E.V.Ramasamy 1. Greatest social reformers of Tamil Nadu 2. 1st Leader inculcate self respect, rationalism women liberation and social equality in People‟s mind. 3. Born on September 17, 1879 in Erode in Rich Hindu family 4. Father – Venkatappa Mother – Chinna Thayammal 5. Got married at the age of 13 renounced at the age of 19 → He went to Kasi (Varanasi) where he noticed that Brahmins ill treated non-Brahmins He condemned and returned to Tamil Nadu → President – 1923, Secretary – 1921 →Tamil Nadu Congress Committee → 1918 – 1919 → Chairmanship of Municipal Council, Erode → 1925 – Founder of self respect movement → President of the Justice Party → He launched Anti-Hindi Agitations 1937 – 1939 → Joined Congress in 1919 → Joined Non – Cooperation movement → Lead Vaikom Sathya Graha 1924 So he was call as “Vaikam Hero” → He protested against the anti-social practice such as regregation of non-brahmin students from the Brahmins by providing water and food in separate places. So he resigned secretorship of Madras State Congress → He was popularly called as „Thanthai Periyar” → He denounced the Caste system, child marriage & enforced widowhood. → Encouraged Inter-caste marriage → He attacked the laws of Manu, which based on the entire hindu social fabric of caste. → 1921 Anti liquor campaign. he cut down 1000 or 500 coconut trees in his own farm → 1924 → Active part in Vaikam Satyagraha → 1938 → TN women‟s conference appreciating the Noble service rendered by E.V.R. was given the title „Periyar‟ by Dharmambal. → 27 June 1970 → UNESCO organisation praised and adorned him as “Socrates of South Asia”. → He died at the age of 94 (1973), mortal buried at Periyar Thidal, Madras → He got a nickname as Jailbird (Siraiparavai) His Journals; 1) Kudi Arasu (Democracy) – 1925 – Official Newspaper of Self Respect Movement 2) Revolt – 1928 3) Puratchi (Revolution) – 1933 4) Pagutharivu (Rationalism) – 1934 5) Viduthalai (Liberalism) – 1935 FUTURE VISION STUDY CENTRE – SALEM CONTACT : 90420 30163 TNPSC: GR-II (MAINS) ~ 4 ~ 14.12.2019 2. Early agitations against British rule PALAYAKKARAR’S REVOLT [1755 -1801] Introduction : After defeating the French and their Indian allies in the three Carnatic wars, the East India company began to consolidate and extend its power and influence.However local kings and feudal chieftains resisted this. The first resistance to east India company‟s territorial aggrandisement was from Puli Thevar of Nerkattumsevali the Tirunelvli region. This was followed by other thieftains in the Tamil country such as Velunachiar, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the marudhu brothers and Dheeran Chinna Malai. known as the Palayakkarars Wars, the culmination of which was Vellore Revolt of 1806. Palayams of Palayakkarars : The word “palayan” means a domain, a military camp or a little kingdom. Palayakkarars in tamil refers to the holder of a little kingdom as a feudatory to a greaer Sovereign. under this system, palayam was given for valuable military Services rendered by any individual. This type was i practice during the Rule of Prataba Rudhra of Warangal in the kakatiya kingdom. This system was put in place in Tamilnadu by ViswanathaNayak, of Madurai in 1529, with the support of his minister Ariyanathar. Traditionally there were supposed to be 72 palayakkarars. The palayakkarars was free to collect revenue, administer the territory, settle disputes and maintain law and order. Their police duties were known as Padikaval or After Kaval. The personal relationship and an understanding between and the palayakkarars made the System to less for 200 years from the Nayaks of Madurai, utill the take over of these territories by the British. Eastern Palayams Western Palayams Sattur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram, Uthumalai, Thalavankottai, Panchalankurichi Naduvaurichi, Singampatti, Seithur. During 17th & 19th Centuries the palayakkars dominated the politics of Tamil country. Reason of Palayakkarars Revolt The Nawab of Arcot had borrowed money from the East India company to meet the expenses he had incurred during the Carnatic wars. When his debts exceeded his capacity to pay, the power of collecting the land revenue dues from Southern Palayakkarars was given to the East India company. Claiming that their land had been handed down to them over 60 generations. Many Palayakkarars refused to pay faxes to the company officials. The company branded the defiant palayakkarars as reveks abd accused then of bying to dishobthe peace and transquiling of the country. This led to conflict between the East India company and the palayakkarars. 1) Revolt of Puli Thevar - 1755-1767 In march 1755 Mahfuzkhan [brother of the Nawab of Arcot) was sent with a contingent of the company army under colonerl Heron to Tirunelvi. Madurai easily fell into their hands. There after Col.Herpm was urged to deal with Puli Thevar as he continued to defy the authoriny of the company. Puli thevar welded much influence Over the western Palayakkarers. for want of cannon and of supplies and pay to Soldiers, Col.Heron abandoned the plan and retired to Madurai. FUTURE VISION STUDY CENTRE – SALEM CONTACT : 90420 30163 TNPSC: GR-II (MAINS) ~ 5 ~ 14.12.2019 Heron was Recalled and dismissed from service. Confederancy of alliance with Enemies of the British. Three pathan officers Nawab chanda sahib‟s agents named Mianah, Mudimiah & Nabikhan Kattak commanded the Madurai and Tirunelvi regions. They supported the Tamil Palayakkarars against Arcot Nawab Mohamed Ali. Puli established close relationship with then Puli Thevar also formed a confederacy of the Palayakkars to fight the British. with the exception of the palayakkarars of Sivagiri all other Maravar Palayams supported him Ettayapuram and panchalm kurichi also did not join this confederacy. Further, the English Succeded in getting the support of the rajas of Ramanathapuram and Pudukottai. Pulithevar fried to get the support of Hyder Ali could not help puli thevar as he was already locked in a serious conflict with the Maraths. Kalakadu Battle : The Nawab sent an additional contingent of sepoys to Mahfuzkhan and reinforced army proceeded to Tirunelvi. Besides the 1000 sepoys of the company. Mafuzkhan received 600 more sent by the Nawab.