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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03106-7 - Cambridge History of Europe: Early Modern Europe 1450–1789: Second Edition Merry E Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03106-7 - Cambridge History of Europe: Early Modern Europe 1450–1789: Second Edition Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks Index More information Index abortion, 65 , 304 Arkwright, Richard, 477 , 480–481 Beguines, 40 absolutism, 317 , 358–360 Armada, Spanish, 195–196 Behn, Aphra, 390 Académie Français, 329 , 368 , 370 armies, standing, 94–96 , 349 , 324 ; Bembo, Pietro, 145 Acosta, José de, 271 see also warfare, military Bering, Vitus, 495 adolescence, 59 –60 technology Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 395 adultery, 71 , 180 , 184 Arnauld, Angélique, 417 “Black Legend” 269 Afonso I (Nzinga Mbemba), king of art and artists, 37 , 128–129 , 152–159, Blake, William, 421 , 480 , 490 , 534 Kongo, 259 , 262 317 , 393–399 , 533 Bligh, Walter, 460 ages of man, 52 , 281 astronomy, 373 , 376–378 blood, ideas about, 520–522 Agricola, Georgius, 217 asylums, 306 bloodletting, 54 , 55 agriculture, 206 –216 , 456 “Atlantic World,” concept of, 241 Blumenbach, Johann, 525 Ailly, Pierre d’ , 246 Augsburg Confession, 181 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 144 Albert II of Habsburg, 32 , 113–115 Augsburg, Peace of, 182 , 321 Bodin, Jean, 137 , 138 Albert of Brandenburg, Duke of Augustinians, 39 , 167 body, 53 –58 , 301 , 310 , 379 , 433 Prussia, 117 Australia, 8 , 496 , 519 body politic, 280–281 , 311 , 469 Albert of Mainz, 168 Austria, 32 , 69 , 98 , 117 , 322 , 326 , 327 , Boehme, Jakob, 421 Alberti, Leon Battista, 152 349 , 352 , 354 , 359 , 399 , 418 , Bohemia, 164 , 167 , 322 , 349 Albuquerque, Afonso de, 254 467 , 472 Boleyn, Anne, 172 alchemy, 374–375 autos-da-fé, 60, 101 , 111, 233 Bologna, 133 Alciati, Andrea, 134 Azores Islands, 22 Bora, Katherina von, 179 alcoholic beverages, 455 Aztec Empire, 264 , 534 Borgia, Cesare, 135– 137 Aleksei, tsar of Russia 431 Borgia, Lucrezia, 187 d’Alembert, Jean, 13 , 385 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 400 Borgia, Rodrigo, see Alexander VI, Alexander VI, pope, 112 , 251 Bacon, Francis, 136 , 374 , 389 pope American Revolution, see War for Bacon’s Rebellion, 515 Bosch, Hieronymous, 156 American Independence Baffi n, William, 495 Bossuet, Jacques, 316 , 318 Amsterdam, 344 , 370 Bainton, Roland, 164 Botticelli, Sandro, 152 , 157 economy in, 220, 224, 230 , 485 , Bakewell, Robert, 458 Bougainville, Louise Antoine de, 499 487 , 502 ballet, 403 Bourignon, Antoinette, 421 Anabaptists, see radical Reformation banks, 220 , 480 , 485 , 486 Boyle, Robert, 289 , 375 anatomy, 53 , 295–298 Barents, Willem, 495 Brahe, Tycho, 375, 376 Anderson, Benedict, 89 , 123 , 167 baptism, 40 , 81 , 168 , 175 , 176 , 191 , Bramante, Donato, 154 Angoulême, Marguerite d’, 145 429 , 516 Brandenburg-Prussia 325 , 423 Anguissola, Sofonisba, 158 Barcelona, 220 , 485 army in, 324 , 352 Anne, St., 149 , 167 , 192 baroque art, 393–399 politics in, 34 , 351–352 Anne, queen of England, 310 , 343 Basil I and II, grand dukes of Brazil, 251 , 260 , 261 , 325 , 337 , 495 , Anne of Austria, queen of France, Muscovy, 118 502 , 506 , 519 329 Batavia, 500–502 Brendan of Clonfert, St. , 26 Anne of Brittany, 105 Bayle, Pierre, 370 Britain, see England Antwerp, 219 , 223 –224 , 484 Beadle, John, 292 British colonies, 494 apothecaries, 301 Beauchamp, Pierre, 403 in the Caribbean, 494 , 505–511 , A r a g o n , see Spain Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin de, 517 , 518 Ariosto, Ludovico, 145 391 in North America, 249 , 513, Aristotle, 53 , 63 , 373 , 377 begging, 230 , 299 515 , 517–519 , 522 , 528 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03106-7 - Cambridge History of Europe: Early Modern Europe 1450–1789: Second Edition Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks Index More information 540 index brothels, 30 , 34 , 67 , 122 , 229 , 305 ; Charles XII, king of Sweden, 353 conversos, 108–109 , 116 , 440 see also prostitutes Charles “the Bold,” duke of Cook, James, 496–499 , 532 Brueghel, Peter, 156 Burgundy, 104 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 376–377 Brunelleschi, Filippo, 153 Châtelet, Emilie du, 387 Corneille, Pierre, 391 Bry, Theodor de, 270 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 147 Cortes , 106 Bucer, Martin, 170 chemistry, 375 Cortés, Hernan, 241–242 , 244, Buffon, Georges, 525 childbirth, 40 , 302–304 264–265 Burckhardt, Jacob, 52 , 88 childhood, 59 Corvinus, Matthias, 90 , 154 Burton, Robert, 288 , 292 China, 48 , 259 , 501 , 526 , 532 cottage industry, 213 Butler, Samuel, 408 merchants in, 21, 27 , 255 , 258 , craft guilds, see guilds Byzantine Empire, 38 267 , 500 , 503 Cranach, Lucas, 9 , 157 missionaries in, 26 , 256 , 419 , 420 Cranmer, Thomas, 173 cabala, 141 , 442 chocolate, 268 crime, 232 –233 Cabot, John, 249 Christian humanism, 142–143 Cromwell, Oliver, 340 , 414 Cabral, Pedro, 251 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 139 Cromwell, Richard, 342 Cahiers de doléances, 332 churching of women, 40 Cromwell, Thomas, 173 Cairo, 21 , 242 Cicero, 37 , 135 , 143 Crusades, 24 calculus, 379 , 382 circumcision, 41 Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 390 Cisneros, Francisco Jiménez de, 141 Dante Alighieri, 144 Calvin, John, 132 , 183–185 cities and towns, 21–22 , 28–29 , 34 , death, 75 –78, 294 , 465–468 Calvinism, 183–185 , 193–195 , 44 , 47 , 119 , 121–122 , 131 , de Vries, Jan, 456 , 529 204 , 321 , 322 , 323 , 345 , 224 –229, 284–286 , 305 Defoe, Daniel, 390 412 –414 citizenship, 122 , 286 deism, 384 Cambridge Group, 79 class, see social hierarchy demography, see population cameralism, 318 Clement VII, pope, 172 demonology, see witchcraft Campion, Edmund, 189 Clement XI, pope, 417 Denmark, 33 , 119 , 172 , 505 Canary Islands, 22 Clement XIV, pope, 420 Descartes, René, 293 , 344 , 378–381 Canisius, Peter, 188 climate, ideas about, 386 , 524 , 527 Desmond rebellions, 101 capitalism, 43 , 203 –204 , 206 , 233 Clive, Robert, 503 diaries, see memoirs and diaries Caravaggio, Michelangelo da, 394 cloistering of women, 122, 176 Dias, Bartolomeu, 245 , 251 Caribbean, 505–512 cloth production, 43 , 218 –220 , Diderot, Denis, 13 , 383 , 389 , 499 Carmelites, 191 470–472 , 507 , 529 diplomacy, 120–121 , 136 , 352 , 419 Cartier, Jacques, 495 clothing, 44 , 57 , 58 , 202 , 219 , 228 , disease, 22 , 54 , 95 , 263 –264 , 294 , Cartwright, Edmund, 7 286 , 308 , 319 , 386 , 454 , 455 , 323 , 374 , 465–466 , 467 , 480 , Carvajal, Luise de, 190 472 , 476 497 , 526 Castiglione, Baldassar, 144 coal, 216 , 479–480 divine right of kings, 316 , 318 , 338 , 361 Castile, 28 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 111 Code Noir, 508–509 divorce, 71 , 180 , 191 castrati, 402–403 coffee and tea, 268 , 452 , 455 , 502 Dominicans, 82 , 527 Catherine (II) the Great, empress of coins, 221 , 266 , 486 Donatello, 152 Russia, 310 , 432, 433 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 330 , 472 , Dort, Synod of, 413 Catherine of Aragon, 100 , 107 , 172 475 , 515 dowries, 71 , 72 , 82 , 284 , 465 Catherine de’ Medici, queen of “Columbian exchange” 267 Dózsa, György, 214 France, 403 Columbus, Christopher, 21 , 22 , 238 , Drake, Francis, 269 , 498 Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of, 115 245 –249, 260 , 272 , 505 drama, 146 , 390 celibacy, 63 , 64 , 71 , 169 , 179 , 426 Columbus Day, 248 Dryden, John, 390 Celtis, Conrad, 140 Complutensian Polyglot, 140 Dudley, Robert, 94 Cervantes, Miguel de, 92 , 145 , 203 Commedia dell’Arte, 146 Duplessis de Mornay, Philippe, 138 Champlain, Samuel de, 495 Concordat of Bologna, 192 Dürer, Albrecht, 156 , 265 , 532–534 charity, see poor laws and poor relief Condorcet, marquis de, 383 , 387 Dutch colonies, 325 , 494 , 502 , Charles I, king of England, 339–341 confessionalization, 165 , 197 , 410 505–507 , 514 , 521 Charles II, king of England, 342 confraternities, 82 –83 , 192 , 527 Dutch East India Company (VOC) Charles III, king of Spain, 336 Constance, Council of, 24 485 , 500–502 , 521 , 527 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Constantinople (Istanbul) 347 , 441 Dutch West Indian Company (WIC) and king of Spain, 112 , 172 , conquest of, 7 , 24 , 116 506 , 514 222 consumer goods and consumption, and religious reform, 181–182 , 203 , 372 , 454 , 455 , 475 , 476 , early modern, concept of, 2 , 14 194 502 Eck, Johann, 168 and Spanish empire, 252 , 265 contraception, 64 , 65 , 303–304 Edinburgh, 369 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, convents, 37 , 39 , 40 , 72 , 150 , 172 , education, 185 , 382 , 388; see also 349 189 , 191 , 306 , 417 , 527; see also schools, universities Charles VII, king of France, 104 monasteries Edward IV, king of England, 100 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03106-7 - Cambridge History of Europe: Early Modern Europe 1450–1789: Second Edition Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks Index More information index 541 Eleonore of Portugal, 18 , 20, 98 France Geneva, 184–185 Elias, Norbert, 287 agriculture in, 211 , 462 , 467 Genoa, 245 Elizabeth I, queen of England, culture in, 367 , 391 , 399 Gentileschi, Artemisia, 396 , 397 100–101 , 135 , 137 , 174 , 195 , economy in, 471 , 476 , 485 , 486 , 507 George I, king of Britain, 344 281 education in, 132 , 134 George II, king of Britain, 81 , 344 Elizabeth, queen of Russia, 358 medicine in, 302 George III, king of Britain, 518 emotions, 292–295 military in, 15, 30 , 321, 326 , 518 Germany enclosure, 211 , 459 politics in, 30 , 103–105 , 310 , 319 , culture in, 150 , 156 , 370 , 389 encomienda system, 260 , 265 328–332 , 336 , 342 , 351 economy in, 45 , 474 Encyclopédie , 13 , 385 religion in, 24 , 185 , 192 , 411 , education in, 130 , 370 England 415 –417 , 427 , 438 , 445 politics in, 32 , 113–115 , 317 agriculture in, 211 , 213 , 458 , 461 Francesca, Piero della, 152 religion in, 40 , 167 , 170 , 181 , 323 , economics in, 43 , 205, 455, 472, Francis I, king of France, 81 , 105 , 353 , 410 , 412 , 417 –418, 423
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