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BAHPA 61-4.Pdf (3.290Mb) ISSN 0378 – 9721 Volume 61 No 4 December / Décembre , 2013 African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa Bulletin de la Santé et de la Production Animales en Afrique Union Africaine Bureau interafricain des Ressources Animales ISSN 0378 - 9721 INTER-AFRICAN BUREAU FOR ANIMAL RESOURCES BUREAU INTERAFRICAN DES RESSOURCES ANIMALES P.O Box, NAIROBI, KENYA BULLETIN December 2013 Volume 61 No. 4 Décembre AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE IBAR PUBLICATION PUBLICATION DU BIRA BULLETIN OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION IN AFRICA BULLETIN DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PRODUCTION ANIMALES EN AFRIQUE A Quarterly journal of Original Article and Abstracts in English and French Annual subcription: US$ 100.00 ISSN 0378-9721 Revue trimestrielle contenant des articles originaux et des résumés d’études en anglais et en français Abonnement pour un an : 100$EU BULLETIN OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION IN AFRICA VOL. 61 NO. 4 CONTENTS December, 2013 1. Blood Parasites of Semi-Domesticated and Wild Birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Assam Assam, Paul A Abdu, Augustine E, Salamatu A............................................................................... 519 2. Acaricidal Effect of Foam Soap Containing Essential Oil of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaves on Rhipicephalus Lunulatus in the Western Ghland of Cameroon. Miégoué E, Tendonkeng F, Khan Payne V, Lemoufouet J, Kouam K M, Boukila B and Pamo Tedonkeng E..... 535 3. Caractérisation Phénologiques de la Poule Barrée de L’ouest Cameroun. Mube H K, Yemdjie D D M, Kana J R, Tadondjou C D et Teguia A.................................................................. 543 4. Growth Performance of Male Rabbits Exposed to Dietary Fumonisin. Ewuola Eo and Egbunike G N.................................................................................................................................... 553 5. Factors Associated with Rabies Awareness and Attitude to Dog Bite in A University Community. Awosanya A E J and Adebimpe A P.......................................................................... 559 6. Gumboro Disease Outbreaks Cause High Mortality Rates in Indigenous Chickens in Kenya. Mutinda W U, Nyaga P N, Njagi L W, Bebora L C, Mbuthia P G.................................... 571 7. Immunogenic Response of Rabbits to Monovalent and Polyvalent Antisera of Mannhaemia Haemolytica Biotype A. Sabiel Y A, Smith J E and Fado El-Galeel H K........... 579 8. Effects of Molasses and Storage Period on the Chemical, Microbial and Fermentation Characteristics of Guinea Grass - Cassava Leaves Silage. Oni A O, Oduguwa B O, Sowande O S, Omemu A M, Atayese A O, Dele P A, Aderinboye R Y, Arigbede O M and Onwuka C F I.. 587 9. Outbreaks of Marek’s Disease in Layer Chickens Farms in Khartoum and Gezira State in Sudan: Clinical and Pathological Aspects. Selma O A, Iman M El Nasri, Egbal S A, Khalda A K, Jeddah I E, Alhassan A M And Amgad M A.......................................................................... 597 10. Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants Among Goats and Sheep in Enugu State of Nigeria. Nwobodo H A, Ezeifeka G O, Ezejiofor C C and Onyianta O I. ............................. 613 11. A Review of the Published Anatomical Research on the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys Gambianuswaterhouse) Olude M A, Ogunbunmi T K and Olopade J O.................................. 617 12. Foreign Body Rumen Impaction with Indigestible Materials in Ruminants in Nigeria: A Review. Akinrinmade J F and Akinrinde A S.............................................................................. 629 13. Rift Valley Fever in Camels in Northern Burkina Faso. Boussini H, Lamien C E, Nacoulma O G, Ouedraogo A............................................................................................................................ 643 14. The Immunological Relationship Between Typanosoma Evansi and Trypanosoma Vivax: Serum Neutralization Studies Findings. Kakaire N M Olaho M W and Lubega G W.......... 651 15. Helmith Parasites Found in Goats Slaughtered for Meat in Etim Ekpo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Offiong E E A, Habib M, Williams M, Eyoh G D and Obioku E O........................................................................................................................................ 657 Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr., (2013), 61, 519-534 519 BLOOD PARASITES OF SEMI-DOMESTICATED AND WILD BIRDS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA Assam Assam1,3, Paul A Abdu1, Augustine E2, Salamatu A2. 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. 2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. Abstract Wild birds interact with poultry with likelihood of exchange of blood parasites between the wild bird and poultry highlighting the need to understand wild bird parasites so as to reduce cross infection at the wild bird-poultry interface. There is paucity of data on blood parasites of wild birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study investigates the prevalence and diversity of blood parasites among wild birds in Kaduna State. Blood of wild birds were examined from Febuary to June, 2012 for parasites by microscopic examination. Data were analyzed using Quantitative Parasitology software. Of 297 birds examined, 23.9 % had blood parasites with 39.4 % families and 39.3 % species infected. Parasites identified wereHaemoproteus (7.7%), Plasmodium (16.2%), Leucocytozoon (2.7%), Aegyptionella (1.3%), and microfilariae (1.3%). There was a significant difference (p=0.0) between the prevalence of Aegyptionella, Leucocytozoon, Hemoproteus and Plasmodium. Some birds (4.1 %) had multiple blood parasite infection. Leucocytozoon was dectected in Columba livia, Streptopelia senegalensis, Meleagris gallopavo, Francolinus bicalcaratus, Hirundo aethopia and Pychonotus barbatus. Live poultry markets prevalence were Plasmodium (47.8 %), Haemoproteus (15.8 %) and Aegyptionella (2.6 %). Leucocytozoon prevalence was 4.2 % in free flying birds. Anchau hadPlasmodium prevalence of 31.7 %. This study concludes that cross infection of blood parasites can occur at the wild bird-poultry interface and LWBMs encourages blood parasites transmission between countries. There is need for more studies on blood parasites of wild birds to understand their impact on the survival of wild bird species in Nigeria. Key words: Blood parasites, Kaduna State, Live wild bird markets, Nigeria, Wild birds PARASITES SANGUINS DES OISEAUX SEMI-DOMESTIQUES ET DES OISEAUX SAUVAGES DANS L’ETAT DE KADUNA AU NIGERIA Resume Les oiseaux sauvages interagissent avec les volailles, et cette interaction présente un risque d’échange de parasites sanguins entre les deux, d’où la nécessité de comprendre les parasites des oiseaux sauvages afin de réduire l’infection croisée à l’interface oiseaux sauvages - volailles. Il existe peu de données sur les parasites sanguins des oiseaux sauvages dans l’État de Kaduna au Nigeria. La présente étude examine la prévalence et la diversité des parasites sanguins chez les oiseaux sauvages dans l’État de Kaduna. Du sang prélevé sur des oiseaux sauvages a été examiné de février à juin 2012 afin de détecter les parasites par examen microscopique. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant le logiciel de parasitologie quantitative. Des 297 oiseaux examinés, 23,9 % avaient des parasites sanguins, dont 39,4 % des familles et 39,3 % d’espèces infectées. Les parasites identifiés étaient Haemoproteus (7,7%), Plasmodium (16,2%), Leucocytozoon (2,7%), Aegyptionella (1,3%), et des microfilaires (1,3%). Une différence significative (p = 0,0) a été notée entre la prévalence de Aegyptionella, Leucocytozoon, Hemoproteus et Plasmodium. Certains oiseaux (4,1%) présentaient de multiples infections par des parasites sanguins. Leucocytozoon a été détecté chez Columba livia, Streptopelia senegalensis, Meleagris gallopavo, Francolinus bicalcaratus, Hirundo aethopia et Pychonotus barbatus. Sur les marchés de volailles vivantes l’étude a identifié Plasmodium (47,8 %), Haemoproteus (15,8%) et Aegyptionella (2,6%). La Corresponding author email: [email protected] 520 Assam Assam, Paul A Abdu, Augustine E, Salamatu A. prévalence de Leucocytozoon était de 4,2% chez les oiseaux volant en toute liberté. Anchau avait une prévalence de Plasmodium de 31,7 %. L’étude conclut que l’infection croisée par des parasites sanguins peut se produire à l’interface oiseaux sauvages - volailles, et les marchés d’oiseaux sauvages vivants encouragent la transmission de parasites sanguins entre les pays. Il est nécessaire de mener d’autres études sur les parasites sanguins des oiseaux sauvages afin de comprendre leur impact sur la survie des espèces d’oiseaux sauvages au Nigeria. Mots-cles : Parasites sanguins ; État de Kaduna ; Marchés d’oiseaux vivants ; Nigeria ; Oiseaux sauvages Introduction study may be the first multispecies survey of blood parasites in free flying and LWBMs wild Wild birds are known to host a variety birds from West African Savannah. of parasites. Parasites usually affect population growth of species as well as interactions Materials and Methods between species with the milder endemic parasites being able to play a major role in Study Area population regulation despite occasional The study was carried out in Kaduna devastating epidemics (Anderson, 1979; State, located in North Western Nigeria Anderson, 1980; Sumpton and Flowerdew, between latitude 8o 45’’- 11o30” North and 1985). Parasites also exhibits other ecological longitude
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