DOCSLIB.ORG

Ββ(2Ν) Decay of 100Mo to the First Excited 0+ State of 100Ru*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ββ(2Ν) Decay of 100Mo to the First Excited 0+ State of 100Ru* Physics of Atomic Nuclei, Vol. 65, No. 2, 2002, pp. 203–206. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 65, No. 2, 2002, pp. 227–230. Original English Text Copyright c 2002 by De Braeckeleer, Hornish, Barabash, Umatov. Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions Experiment ββ(2ν) Decay of 100Mo to the First Excited 0+ State of 100Ru* L. De Braeckeleer1), **,M.Hornish1), ***, A. S. Barabash2), ****,andV.I.Umatov2), ***** Received March 21, 2001 Abstract—The rate of the double-beta ββ(2ν) decay of 100Mo to the first 0+ excited state in 100Ru is measured by a γγ-coincidence technique in which two HPGe detectors are used to detect the two γ rays 100 (Eγ1 = 590.76 keV and Eγ2 = 539.53 keV) from the daughter nucleus Ru as it deexcites to the ground state via the transition sequence 0+ → 2+ → 0+. In contrast to all previous ββ-decay experiments, this technique provides data that are essentially background-free. By using a 1.05-kg isotopically enriched (98.4%) disk of 100Mo, 22 coincidence events (with the background estimated at 2.5 events) are detected +1.7 ± × 20 in 440 d of measuring time, which translates into a half-life time of [5.9−1.1(stat.) 0.6(syst.)] 10 yr. c 2002 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. 1. INTRODUCTION transition) γ rays that again have strictly fixed energy. If one can perform an experiment such that all decay Although the main interest in studying double- products are detected with a high efficiency and beta (ββ) decay is currently related to the neutrinoless with a good energy resolution, then the experimental mode (0νββ) because of its potential for discover- background can be totally suppressed, even for mas- ing elementary-particle physics beyond the Standard sive detectors (∼1 t) and long measurement times Model, considerable efforts are underway to investi- (∼10 yr). gate the ordinary allowed second-order weak decay + → + νββ The idea of detecting the 2νββ(0 01 ) decay of (2 decay) [1–4]. Accumulation of experimental 100 information on 2νββ processes (transitions to ground Mo [6] initiated experiments to seek this decay by and excited states) promotes a better understanding using enriched molybdenum samples and γ-ray de- of the nuclear part of ββ decay and allows one to tectors operated in a single mode. In the experiment 100 check theoretical schemes of nuclear-matrix-element of [7] using 310 g of Mo and a surface-based 100- calculations for the two-neutrino mode, as well as cm3 HPGe detector, only a lower limit was obtained 19 for the neutrinoless one. It is very important to for the half-life: T1/2 > 4.2 × 10 yr. Afterward, note that, within models based on the quasiparti- this decay mode was positively identified by using cle random-phase approximation (QRPA), nuclear about 1 kg of 100Mo and a low-background 114- matrix elements depend differently on the particle– cm3 HPGe detector located in the Soudan mine in particle strength parameter gpp for ground-state tran- Minnesota (2090-mwe depth); the result was T1/2 = sitions and transitions to excited states [3, 5]. There- +1.8 × 20 fore, the decay to excited states probes different as- (6.1−1.1) 10 yr [8, 9]. At approximately the same pects of the computational method. time (the measurement started half a year after the beginning of the measurement in the Soudan mine), 0νββ transitions to excited states of daughter an experiment with another 1-kg sample of 100Mo nuclei have a very important experimental signature: using a 100-cm3 HPGe detector was performed in the in addition to the two electrons of fixed energy, + → + + → + Modane Underground Laboratory (4800-mwe depth) there are one (0 21 transition) or two (0 01 [10]. However, only a lower limit was obtained be- ∗This article was submitted by the authors in English. cause the measuring time was not sufficiently long 1)The Department of Physics, Duke University and Triangle (a factor of about 4 shorter in comparison with the Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina, 415.43 d of [8]) and, in addition, a rather high level 27708-0308 USA. of background was experienced in this experiment (a 2)Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Bol’shaya factor of about 2 larger in comparison with [8]). A new Cheremushkinskaya ul. 25, Moscow, 117218 Russia. + → + 100 ** positive result for the 2νββ(0 01 ) decay of Mo e-mail:ÐÙdÛigdb@ØÙÒкØÙÒкdÙkeºedÙ *** was obtained in [11]. This experiment was again e-mail:hÓÖÒi×h@dÙkeºedÙ **** e-mail:aÐeÜaÒdeÖºbaÖaba×h@iØeÔºÖÙ performed in the Modane Underground Laboratory. ***** 100 e-mail:ÚÐadiÑiÖºÙÑaØÓÚ@iØeÔºÖÙ A set of Mo enriched metal-powder samples were 1063-7788/02/6502-0203$22.00 c 2002 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica” 204 DE BRAECKELEER et al. + 1 Cryostat 0+ 100Tc 100 Mo Pb Shield Veto Annulus (NaI) ββ HPGe HPGe 3034.6 Mo Disk + 0 1 1130.4 Veto Plate (Plastic) 590.76 + 2 1 539.6 539.53 0+ Cryostat 100Ru Fig. 2. Experimental apparatus including a 100Mo sam- Fig. 1. ββ-decay and γ-decay schemes for 100Mo (en- ple, HPGe detectors, active shielding (veto), and passive ergy in keV). shielding (Pb). measured by using low-background HPGe detectors. on either side of the apparatus acted as a veto for the Data from 17 measurements were analyzed and a regions that are not covered with the NaI annulus. +2.8 × 20 half-life of T1/2 =(9.3−1.7) 10 yr was deduced The entire apparatus was surrounded by a passive from the summed γ-ray spectrum, with an additional shielding made from lead bricks (Fig. 2). The ex- systematic error estimated at approximately 15%. periment was conducted inside the Low-Background When the spectrum of [8] is added to the one of [11], Counting Facility of the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), a well-shielded room located in one obtains T =(7.6+1.8) × 1020 yr [11], also with 1/2 −1.1 the basement of the Physics Department of Duke a 15% systematic error. University. In order to calculate the half-life of a given de- 2. APPARATUS AND METHODS cay, it is necessary to understand and to determine the efficiency of our γγ-coincidence apparatus. To The present article reports on a new positive re- accomplish this, a 102Rh source was produced at + → + 100 sult for the 2νββ(0 01 ) decay of Mo using TUNL by (p, n) activation of a natural Ru target. This a novel method with two HPGe detectors in a co- source was then used to measure the probability for incidence scheme. The previous experiments fo- detecting the full energy of both γ rays. 102mRh was cused on very low background detection systems. chosen because it emits two γ rays having similar This was achieved by building the detectors from energies and the same angular distribution as the γ low-radioactivity materials and by operating the ex- rays emitted in the ββ decay of 100Mo. In addition, periments in underground laboratories, which offer the lifetime of 206 d is quite convenient, and it decays an efficient shielding against the cosmic-ray-induced to the first excited 0+ state of the daughter nucleus background. An alternative approach to background via electron capture only; this implies no radiation reduction is to employ a coincidence technique, in from annihilation or bremsstrahlung and makes the which two separate detectors simultaneously detect measurement of the efficiency very simple. The source + → + the two emitted γ rays from the 2νββ(0 01 ) was used to measure the coincidence efficiency of the 100 decay of Mo with Eγ1 = 590.76 keV and Eγ2 = apparatus as a function of the radial distance from 539.53 keV (Fig. 1). This approach was accom- the center of the detectors. The source was also plished for the first time by using two HPGe detectors surrounded by disks of molybdenum to simulate the (8.5-cm diameter, 5-cm width, 1.8-keV FWHM en- attenuation of the γ rays in the actual molybdenum ergy resolution at 1.33 MeV, and 0.7-keV resolution sample. The efficiency ε was averaged over the entire at 0.122 MeV) in coincidence in the present study. A volume of the sample and was determined to be ε = disk sample of molybdenum was sandwiched between (0.22 ± 0.02)%. The coincidence efficiency was also these two γ-ray detectors, which were inserted into a studied with a Monte Carlo simulation. This calcu- NaI annulus (56-cm length, 35.6-cm diameter with a lation included the effects of extended geometry, the 12.5-cm hole along the axis of symmetry) that acted attenuation of the γ rays in the sample, the full-energy as an active veto. Plastic plates (10-cm thickness) peak efficiency of the germanium detectors, and the PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI Vol. 65 No. 2 2002 ββ(2ν) DECAY OF 100Mo 205 dN/dEγ 8 (a) (b) 6 4 2 0 500550 600 650 700 450 500 550 600 650 Eγ, keV Fig. 3. γ-ray spectra in coincidence with (a) 540 ± 2.5 keV and (b) 591 ± 2.5 keV.Note the 22 coincidence events (540 keV– 591 keV) in 440 d of measuring time. strongly anisotropic angular correlation between the the apparatus and investigated for 180 d. The produc- γ rays. tion of the isomer (1/2−, half-life time of 61 d) of 95Tc can proceed via the (p, n) reaction on 95Mo and is very 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS practical for our purpose. This element decays with large branching ratios to two excited states: 38% 100 A Mo sample (1.05-kg mass, 10.6-cm di- to the 786.2-keV state and 30% to the 1039.3-keV ameter, 1.1-cm thickness, 98.4% enrichment) has state.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE DECAY of LYING Furniture of “The Street Which from Oxford Has Borrowed Its by OSCAR WILDE Name,” As the Poet You Love So Much Once Vilely Phrased It
    seat than the whole of Nature can. Nature pales before the THE DECAY OF LYING furniture of “the street which from Oxford has borrowed its BY OSCAR WILDE name,” as the poet you love so much once vilely phrased it. I don’t complain. If Nature had been comfortable, mankind would A DIALOGUE. never have invented architecture, and I prefer houses to the open Persons: Cyril and Vivian. air. In a house we all feel of the proper proportions. Everything is Scene: the library of a country house in Nottinghamshire. subordinated to us, fashioned for our use and our pleasure. Egotism itself, which is so necessary to a proper sense of human CYRIL (coming in through the open window from the terrace). dignity, is entirely the result of indoor life. Out of doors one My dear Vivian, don’t coop yourself up all day in the library. It becomes abstract and impersonal. One’s individuality absolutely is a perfectly lovely afternoon. The air is exquisite. There is a leaves one. And then Nature is so indifferent, so unappreciative. mist upon the woods like the purple bloom upon a plum. Let us Whenever I am walking in the park here, I always feel that I am go and lie on the grass, and smoke cigarettes, and enjoy Nature. no more to her than the cattle that browse on the slope, or the VIVIAN. Enjoy Nature! I am glad to say that I have entirely lost burdock that blooms in the ditch. Nothing is more evident than that faculty. People tell us that Art makes us love Nature more that Nature hates Mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes Literary Anglo-Saxon
    ENVIRONMENTAL HUMANITIES IN PRE-MODERN CULTURES Estes Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes Heide Estes Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes Ecotheory and the Environmental Imagination Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes Environmental Humanities in Pre‑modern Cultures This series in environmental humanities offers approaches to medieval, early modern, and global pre-industrial cultures from interdisciplinary environmental perspectives. We invite submissions (both monographs and edited collections) in the fields of ecocriticism, specifically ecofeminism and new ecocritical analyses of under-represented literatures; queer ecologies; posthumanism; waste studies; environmental history; environmental archaeology; animal studies and zooarchaeology; landscape studies; ‘blue humanities’, and studies of environmental/natural disasters and change and their effects on pre-modern cultures. Series Editor Heide Estes, University of Cambridge and Monmouth University Editorial Board Steven Mentz, St. John’s University Gillian Overing, Wake Forest University Philip Slavin, University of Kent Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes Ecotheory and the Environmental Imagination Heide Estes Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: © Douglas Morse Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Layout: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 90 8964 944 7 e-isbn 978 90 4852 838 7 doi 10.5117/9789089649447 nur 617 | 684 | 940 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The author / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Gender: Visual Literacy Instruction in the Academic Library
    Open Information Science 2019; 3: 22–31 Research Article Millicent Fullmer* Representing Gender: Visual Literacy Instruction in the Academic Library https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0002 Received September 1, 2018; accepted January 29, 2019 Abstract: Contemporary society is dominated by visual communication, yet visual literacy is a learned skill that requires training. Gender issues, particularly the subjects of gender diversity and power struggles, are deeply pertinent to today’s visual culture. The critical consumption of information has long been taught in libraries, though instruction has typically prioritized text-based sources. However, visual literacy instruction has the capacity to provoke critical inquiry into issues of gender, race, social class, and ethnicity. As institutions that promote social justice, libraries can help improve diversity and inclusion in their communities through teaching visual literacy skills at all levels. Critical visual literacy instruction can also help academic libraries advance student scholarship, which can only be achieved if they are literate in all forms of knowledge production. Keywords: Image research, gender diversity, library instruction, visual culture, library neutrality 1 Introduction Today’s academic library must not limit itself to text-based information literacy instruction, given how media and other graphic materials are now an accepted (if not fundamental part) of scholarly works. Traditional information literacy has prioritized literary research methodologies, typically reserving only a small token to image searching that rarely delves into the act of critical thinking. Due to advances in new media technologies, including digital photography, internet access, and social media apps like Instagram, visual communication is ubiquitous in contemporary society. Academic libraries in particular, I will argue, have an important role to play in educating students - and teaching faculty - on image analysis, and the ways in which visual content can be used to provide proof or corroborate an argument.
    [Show full text]
  • Batman and Robin As Evolving Cutural Icons Elizabeth C
    St. Catherine University SOPHIA 2014 Sr. Seraphim Gibbons Undergraduate Sr. Seraphim Gibbons Undergraduate Symposium Research Symposium The Dynamic Duo Then and Now: Batman and Robin as Evolving Cutural Icons Elizabeth C. Wambheim St. Catherine University Follow this and additional works at: https://sophia.stkate.edu/undergraduate_research_symposium Wambheim, Elizabeth C., "The Dynamic Duo Then and Now: Batman and Robin as Evolving Cutural Icons" (2014). Sr. Seraphim Gibbons Undergraduate Symposium. 2. https://sophia.stkate.edu/undergraduate_research_symposium/2014/Humanities/2 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Events at SOPHIA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sr. Seraphim Gibbons Undergraduate Symposium by an authorized administrator of SOPHIA. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DYNAMIC DUO THEN AND NOW: BATMAN AND ROBIN AS EVOLVING CULTURAL ICONS by Elizabeth C. Wambheim A Senior Project in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Honors Project ST. CATHERINE UNIVERSITY April 1, 2014 2 With many thanks to Patricia Montalbano (project advisor), Rachel Neiwart Emily West and Sharon Doherty for their continuous and invaluable interest, assistance, and patience with the project. 3 Introduction When presented with the simple silhouette of a stylized bat inside a yellow oval, people the world over are able to recognize this emblem and, at the very least, name its wearer. Even as the logo is altered with time, the yellow backdrop traded for a grey one, the awareness persists. Yet even as people recognize Batman’s logo, one person’s impression of the superhero does not always align with another’s: a cheerful, law-abiding Batman who orders orange juice instead of alcohol at bars is Batman as he appeared in the 1960s, and a brooding hero wreathed in darkness and prone to conflicted inner monologues is the Batman of the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Wonder Woman: an Assemblage of Complete Virtue Packed in a Tight Swimsuit
    https://lthj.qut.edu.au/ LAW, TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANS Volume 2 (2) 2020 https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1593 Wonder Woman: An Assemblage of Complete Virtue Packed in a Tight Swimsuit Theresa Ashford1 University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Neal Curtis2 The University of Auckland, New Zealand Abstract This paper uses actor-network theory (ANT) and Aristotelian virtue ethics to think with/of Wonder Woman as an assemblage of human and non-human actors clustered on a page. It also considers how the emerging assemblage that is Wonder Woman might be viewed as the embodiment of Aristotle’s ‘complete virtue’ or justice. As one of the ‘trinity’ of Detective Comics (DC) superheros, which also include Superman and Batman, Wonder Woman was created to counter the sadism and tyranny of the Nazi threat during the 1930s and 1940s and has been continually published since 1941. Wonder Woman is a multidimensional icon and an exemplary model of a superhero with a different body and voice, who operates in a different way in the world. She is presented here as a case study to trace possible translations of Aristotle’s configurations of virtue and justice. Using ANT, we argue that Wonder Woman arises from an assemblage of actors that include an armoured swimsuit, a magic lasso, shiny bracelets and a star-emblazoned tiara. By problematising these technologies as actors that commonly invite objectification (the swimsuit) or subjugation (the ropes), this paper suggests possible divergent readings that reveal how virtue and justice can emerge within these relational networks. We test how the sexualised body depictions and overt bondage references in the Wonder Woman comics, and in particular, in our chosen story, George Pérez’s Wonder Woman: Destiny Calling, offer something bolder and more profound—a complex performance of justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides
    TERRA NOSTRA Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – 2012/3 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides 24.09. – 29.09.2012 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Edited by Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Cover-Abstract.indd 1 24.08.12 15:52 IMPRINT TERRA NOSTRA – Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Publisher Verlag GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Arno-Holz-Str. 14, 12165 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 7900660, Fax: +49 (0)30 79006612 Email: [email protected] Editorial office Dr. Christof Ellger Schriftleitung GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Arno-Holz-Str. 14, 12165 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 79006622, Fax: +49 (0)30 79006612 Email: [email protected] Vol. 2012/3 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft. Heft 2012/3 Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides Jubiläumstagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft. Programm, Kurzfassungen und Exkursionsführer Editors Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Herausgeber Editorial staff Faysal Bibi, George A. Darwin, Franziska Heuer, Wolfgang Kiessling, Redaktion Dieter Korn, Sarah Löwe, Uta Merkel, Thomas Schmid-Dankward Printed by Druckerei Conrad GmbH, Oranienburger Str. 172, 13437 Berlin Druck Copyright and responsibility for the scientific content of the contributions lie with the authors. Copyright und Verantwortung für den wissenschaftlichen Inhalt der Beiträge liegen bei den Autoren. ISSN 0946-8978 GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – Berlin, September 2012 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides 24.09. – 29.09.2012 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Edited by Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Organisers: Martin Aberhan, Jörg Fröbisch Oliver Hampe, Wolfgang Kiessling Johannes Müller, Christian Neumann Manja Voss, Florian Witzmann Table of Contents Welcome ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • POSTMODERNITY in FRAMES: a COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OVER BATMAN and RANXEROX Renato Muchiuti Aranha Universidade Do Estado De Santa
    69 POSTMODERNITY IN FRAMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OVER BATMAN AND RANXEROX Renato Muchiuti Aranha Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina RESUMO: O presente trabalho busca comparar dois quadrinhos diferentes produzidos entre o final dos anos 1970 e 1980, discutindo sobre o modo como eles representam a decadência da Modernidade e a ascensão da Pós-modernidade (BAUMAN, 2001; KOSELLECK, 2006): a graphic novel produzida nos Estados Unidos por Frank Miller, Batman: o Cavaleiro das Trevas (2002) e a revista em quadrinhos italiana, posteriormente convertida em graphic novel, Ranxerox, criada por Stefano Tamburini e Tanino Liberatore (2002). Elas são produções diferentes em termos de tipo de quadrinho, linguagem e país, porém convergem como exemplos representativos da mudança de período histórico na sociedade Ocidental. Para realizar o trabalho de comparação entre os dois quadrinhos, utilizo a referência de modernidade líquida de Zygmunt Bauman e as implicações desse novo período histórico, juntamente com o conceito de aceleração do tempo proposto por Reinhart Koselleck para descrever as mudanças percebidas pelas pessoas comuns no momento estudado. Para a discussão de quadrinhos como uma mídia própria faço uso das proposições teóricas de Scott McCloud, buscando ao mesmo tempo seguir sua idéia de utilizar uma linguagem mais leve, como se tivesse falando diretamente para o leitor em uma conversa casual, ainda que alinhado a um conteúdo e a discussões acadêmicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Quadrinhos; Pós-modernidade; Bauman; Modernidade ABSTRACT: This study aims to compare two different comics produced in the late 1970’s and in the 1980’s, focusing on how they represent the decay of Modernity and the emergence of Postmodernity (Bauman, 2001; Koselleck, 2006): the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • JUSTICE LEAGUE UNLIMITED Jumpchain CYOA
    May/19/2018 – v.2.4 SpyroAnon and KOTOR Anon JUSTICE LEAGUE UNLIMITED JumpChain CYOA Supervillains, criminals, aliens, monsters, robots, magicians, demons, gods, there are countless supernatural threats out there that can't be defeated by any single hero. So what happens when earth faces a threat greater than any single hero can handle? Simple, more than one hero comes to the planet's aid. Seven heroes in fact, and a few more later on. Welcome to the DC Universe, or rather one of the countless universes all bound together in the massive DC multiverse. This particular universe details the animated adventures of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and several other major heroes as they try to defend the world while part of the newly formed Justice League! A team of superheroes dedicated to saving lives and protecting the world against supervillains and extra terrestrial threats. You'll arrive in this world a few hours before a powerful and merciless alien foe invades the earth and triggers a series of events that'll lead to the formation of the Justice League. You have 1000cp to spend of the choices below. Good luck. ._________________________________________________________________________________. Background Everyone has a past, even if that past is no past. Remember these are merely suggestions for a general theme or outline of your history. The exact details are up to you just note that you'll be relatively underwhelming until you gain some notoriety, barring any perks that screw with that anyway. All backgrounds are free. You may keep your current gender or change it at no cost and your starting age can be anywhere from 17 to 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Leisure and Ethics: Reflections on the Philosophy of Leisure
    DOCUMENT RESUXE ED 340 679 SP 033 477 AUTHOR Fain, Gerald S., Ed. TITLE Leisure and Ethics: Reflections on the Philosophy of Leisure. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Reston, VA. American Association for Leisure and Recreation. REPORT NO ISBN-88314-489-1 PUB DATE 91 NOTE 350p.; Many chapters are versions of papers presented at the Leisure and Ethics Symposium of the American Association for Leisure and Recreation (Boston, MA, April 18-19, 1989). Photographs will copy poorly. AVAILABLE FROMAAHPERD, Publication Sales Dept., 1900 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091. PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Adolescents; Adults; Athletics; Conferences; *Ethics; Higher Education; *Leisure Education; Leisure Time; *Life Style; *Moral Development; *Quality of Life; Recreational Activities IDENTIFIERS Academic Discourse; Leisure Activities; *Leisure Ethic; *Leisure Needs USTRACT This publication seeks to capture the character and content of thought with respect to the long-standing discussion in academic settings of leisure and philosophy. The book is organized into three sections. The first, "Reflections on the Philosophy of Leisure," includes the following papers: "Introduction: Leisure and the Perfection of Importance"; "Moral Leisure"; "Leisure and Ethics"; "On Liberty and Leisure"; "Leisure and Democracy: Incompatible Ideals7"; "Ideals and Reality: Classical Leisure and Historical Change"; "Leisure, Transcendence, and the
    [Show full text]
  • It's a Bird! It's a Plane!
    The College of Wooster Libraries Open Works Senior Independent Study Theses 2016 It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! No, it’s Just My I.S.: An Historical Exploration of Superheroes and American Identity Caroline G. Breul The College of Wooster, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/independentstudy Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Breul, Caroline G., "It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! No, it’s Just My I.S.: An Historical Exploration of Superheroes and American Identity" (2016). Senior Independent Study Theses. Paper 7875. https://openworks.wooster.edu/independentstudy/7875 This Senior Independent Study Thesis Exemplar is brought to you by Open Works, a service of The oC llege of Wooster Libraries. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Independent Study Theses by an authorized administrator of Open Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Copyright 2016 Caroline G. Breul The College of Wooster It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! No, it’s Just My I.S.: An Historical Exploration of Superheroes and American Identity by Caroline Grace Breul Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Senior Independent Study Supervised by Shannon King Department of History Spring 2016 Abstract This Independent Study traces the changing notions of what makes a superhero “super” throughout periods in American history. By doing three case studies on popular heroes in distinct eras, this study reveals that superhero comics have been growing steadily more overtly political, in ways that are increasingly subversive. I approach Wonder Woman in the 60s, Batman in the late 80s, and Captain America in the early 2000s, and tackle each moment individually.
    [Show full text]
  • All Jesus Reference in Batman Vs Superman
    All Jesus Reference In Batman Vs Superman Is Gerhardt always guerrilla and hydropathical when snowmobiles some ruiner very staring and elusively? Grouty or russet, Wilbur never antiques any Mariolater! Passerine Lewis opens covertly. If you need a half way to keep writing failed him and a threat of all in fact alone a triangle is Batman V Superman 34 Easter Eggs References You sleep See 26 The Bible References Despite. Batman v Superman Dawn your Justice Awful Movies Wiki. We saw classic characters like Superman Batman and Wonder. COVID or you need to take chess for as major, of these tips will help it pass this course. This attitude a Batman that impact be serving a later sentence in prison. Word of agreement became flesh. Mel Gibson's The immediate of the Christ was understated by comparison. This in terms of references to reference when he came from an aging batman vs superman art by whom we will. Superman and Jesus Superman's Origin and Parallels to. Stuff blows on top of dorothy is my personal identity and quite enjoy the superman in ways, too has said. Luthor goes indeed to clearly state that belief that defeat a count all powerfulall. Batman-v-superman-dawn-of-justice-a-review. There were three trials in Batman v Superman this exploration will keep all three. We have love live option and take responsibility for those consequences and shepherd to impose better than next time. Batman vs superman as batman fans have a clear to reference where a valid concern. Tom Mankiewicz to fly the script giving pleasure a serious feel with Christ-like.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hidden Power of Superheroes the Ability of Superhero Movies to Influence Political Attitudes
    The Hidden Power of Superheroes The Ability of Superhero Movies to Influence Political Attitudes Justin Cole i Abstract Although the literature on superheroes has expanded in recent years, it has neglected to examine whether superhero movies can affect political views. This oversight is regrettable given the recent surge in the popularity of superhero movies that engage directly with political issues such as The Dark Knight (2008), Iron Man 3 (2013), and Captain America: Civil War (2016). After a lengthy historical exploration of superheroes and a thematic analysis of these superhero movies – which collectively demonstrate that superheroes are an enduring cultural phenomenon as well as provide the theoretical underpinnings of their ability to effect attitudinal change – this study used a two-wave panel experiment to evaluate the extent to which superhero movies could cause attitudinal change. Ultimately, this study found that a significant percentage of participants changed their views on various policies related to the war on terror including torture, mass surveillance, military spending, and foreign intervention as a result of watching these superhero movies. These findings demonstrate that further research in this area is essential, particularly so long as superhero movies continue to receive critical and popular acclaim. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my adviser, Dr. Cori Dauber, for the guidance and advice that she provided me. Despite not even enjoying superheroes herself, she had immense faith in the value of my research, which helped propel me across the finish line. Besides my adviser, I would like to thank the other member of my thesis committee: Dr.
    [Show full text]