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An Historical and Visual Rhetorical Analysis of Superman Comic Books, 1938-1945 David J

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An Historical and Visual Rhetorical Analysis of Superman Comic Books, 1938-1945 David J Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 An Historical and Visual Rhetorical Analysis of Superman Comic Books, 1938-1945 David J. Cross Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION "S:\bjbrown \diginole\source- data\etds\unsup- etd\fulltext AN HISTORICAL AND VISUAL RHETORICAL\fulltext_6501-700 ANALYSIS OF SUPERMAN COMIC 0 BOOKS,\etd-6657.fulltext. 1938-1945 By DAVID J. CROSS A Thesis submitted to the College of Communication & Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2011 David J. Cross defended this thesis on November, 7, 2011. The members of the supervisory committee were: Dr. Davis Houck Professor Directing Thesis Dr. Donna Nudd Committee Member Dr. Andy Opel Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii Dedicated to the Clark Kents of the world. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my family, friends, and teachers, without each of you this project would not have been possible. Special thanks go to my parents Don and Sheila Cross who taught me to persevere no matter the obstacle. Others who deserve thanks are Dr. Davis Houck for his expert guidance and willingness to mold my initially scattered concepts and Caitlin Hafer, who endured reading each draft with a smile. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Comic Books: A Definition and History ...........................................................................1 1.2 Comic Book Research ......................................................................................................8 1.3 Rhetorical Function of Comic Books ..............................................................................13 SUPERMAN:THE NEW DEAL ...................................................................................................18 2.1 FDR‘s New Deal .............................................................................................................18 2.2 Superman‘s New Deal .....................................................................................................21 2.2.1 The Coming of Superman ......................................................................................23 2.2.2 The Blakely Mine Disaster .....................................................................................24 2.2.2 Superman in the Slums ...........................................................................................35 2.2.3 Black Gold Oil Well ...............................................................................................46 2.3 Superman‘s New Deal: Conclusion .................................................................................52 SUPERMAN: ISOLATIONISM & INTERVENTIONISM .........................................................54 3.1 Isolationism and Interventionism ....................................................................................54 3.2 Superman and Isolationism .............................................................................................56 3.2.1 Superman and Munitions Manufacturers ...............................................................61 3.2.2 The Coming of Superman Revisited ......................................................................61 3.2.3 The War in San Monte ...........................................................................................65 3.3 Superman and Interventionism ........................................................................................74 3.3.1 Fifth Columnist .......................................................................................................77 3.3.2 The Fifth Column ...................................................................................................83 3.3.3 The Phony Pacifists ................................................................................................90 3.4 Interventionist Covers .....................................................................................................94 3.5 Consequences of Intervention .......................................................................................110 3.6 Isolationism and Interventionism Conclusion ...............................................................111 SUPERMAN: COVERS & WAR BONDS .................................................................................113 4.1 Superman Covers and War Bonds…………………………………………………….113 4.1.1 Contextualizing War Bonds ................................................................................115 4.1.2 Rhetorical Function of War Bonds ......................................................................117 4.2 Superman and War Bonds ............................................................................................118 4.3 Superman and War Bonds: Conclusion ........................................................................129 CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................................................................131 5.1 Concluding Remarks .....................................................................................................131 5.2 Accessing Superman .....................................................................................................134 5.3 Limitations and Future Studies ......................................................................................135 5.4. Consequences of Superman ..........................................................................................136 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................138 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................145 v LIST OF FIGURES 1 Clark Kent Questions Stanislaw Kober The image was taken from Action Comics 3 (August 1938) ......………………….…….28 2 Clark Kent Questions Thornton Blakely This image is taken from Action Comics 3 (August 1938) …………………………...…29 3 Thornton Blakely and Company Attempt to Escape the Collapsed Mine This image is taken from Action Comics 3 (August 1938) ………………...………........33 4 Thornton Blakely Recants This image is taken from Action Comics 3 (August 1938) .……..………………...…….34 5 The Trial of Frankie Marello This image is taken from Action Comics 8 (January 1939) ……..………………………39 6 The Boys Confront Gimpy This image is taken from Action Comics 8 (January 1939) ……………………………..40 7 Superman Learns of the Destroyed Florida City This image was taken from Action Comics 8 (January 1939) …..………………………43 8 Superman Destroys the Slums This image is taken from Action Comics 8 (January 1939) …………………………......44 9 The Slums are Rebuilt This image is taken from Action Comics 8 (January 1939) .…………………………….45 10 Clark Kent learns of the Black Gold Oil Well This image is taken from Action Comics 11 (April 1939) ....…………………..………..49 11 Superman destroys the Black Gold Oil Well This image is taken from Action Comics 11 (April 1939) ...…………………………….51 12 Superman Eavesdrops on a Lobbyist This image is taken from Action Comics 1 (April 1938) ....………………………….….63 13 Norvell is Taken into Battle This image is taken from Action Comics 2 (May 1938) ………………………………...67 14 Superman Confront the San Monte Generals This image is taken from Action Comics 2 (May 1938) ...………………………………70 15 Superman Informs the San Monte Generals They Were Tricked into Warring vi This image is taken from Action Comics 2 (May 1938) ……………………….…..……72 16 Stuart Pemberton Addresses the Volunteers for Peace This image was taken from Action Comics 36 (May 1941) …...………………………...78 17 Stuart Pemberton Addresses the American People This image is taken from Action Comics 36 (May 1941) ...…….………………..……...81 18 Superman Eavesdrops on Fifth Columnists This image is taken from Superman 8 (January-February 1941) ………………….....……85 19 Superman Uncovers a Hidden Oppositional Army This image was taken from Superman 8 (January-February 1941) ….…...……………...87 20 This image is a reproduction of ―The Supermen of America‖ The image appeared in Superman 8 (January-February 1941) ……....…………….…….89 21 Derwing Tells Committee members that He Works for an Oppositional Nation This image was taken from Superman 9 (March-April 1941) ……………………….….91 22 Superman Instigates a Confrontation Between Galsworthy and Derwing This image was taken from Superman 9 (March-April 1941) ………………...………...93 23 This image is the cover of Action Comics 35 (April 1941) …...………………………...96 24 This images is the cover of Action Comics 37 (June 1941) ……………………………..99 25 This image is the cover of Action Comics 39 (August 941)..…..………………………101 26 This image is the cover of Action Comics 40 (September 1941).......………………….103 27 This image is the cover of Superman 13 (November-December) …..…………………105 28 This image is the cover of Action Comics 43 (December
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