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Japanese Immigration History
CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) By HOSOK O Bachelor of Arts in History Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 2000 Master of Arts in History University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma 2002 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2010 © 2010, Hosok O ii CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) Dissertation Approved: Dr. Ronald A. Petrin Dissertation Adviser Dr. Michael F. Logan Dr. Yonglin Jiang Dr. R. Michael Bracy Dr. Jean Van Delinder Dr. Mark E. Payton Dean of the Graduate College iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For the completion of my dissertation, I would like to express my earnest appreciation to my advisor and mentor, Dr. Ronald A. Petrin for his dedicated supervision, encouragement, and great friendship. I would have been next to impossible to write this dissertation without Dr. Petrin’s continuous support and intellectual guidance. My sincere appreciation extends to my other committee members Dr. Michael Bracy, Dr. Michael F. Logan, and Dr. Yonglin Jiang, whose intelligent guidance, wholehearted encouragement, and friendship are invaluable. I also would like to make a special reference to Dr. Jean Van Delinder from the Department of Sociology who gave me inspiration for the immigration study. Furthermore, I would like to give my sincere appreciation to Dr. Xiaobing Li for his thorough assistance, encouragement, and friendship since the day I started working on my MA degree to the completion of my doctoral dissertation. -
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THE BANSHO SHIRABESHO: A TRANSITIONAL INSTITUTION IN BAKUMATSU JAPAN by James Mitchell Hommes Bachelor of Arts, Calvin College, 1993 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Interdisciplinary Master of Arts (IDMA) in East Asian Studies University of Pittsburgh 2004 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by James Mitchell Hommes It was defended on December 8, 2004 and approved by Thomas Rimer, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature David O. Mills, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature Richard Smethurst, Professor, History ii THE BANSHO SHIRABESHO: A TRANSITIONAL INSTITUTION IN BAKUMATSU JAPAN James M. Hommes, MA University of Pittsburgh, 2004 In the Bakumatsu period (1853-1868), Japan experienced many changes and challenges. One of these challenges was regarding how to learn from the West and how to use that knowledge in the building of Japan. One of the most important institutions for such Western learning was the Bansho Shirabesho, an institution created by the Tokugawa government in 1856 to translate Western materials, provide a school for Japanese scholars, and to censor the translations of Western works. This institution eventually gave language instruction in Dutch, English, French, German, and Russian and it also gave instruction in many other practical subjects such as military science and production. This thesis examines in detail how the Shirabesho was founded, what some of the initial difficulties were and how successful it was in accomplishing the tasks it was given. It also assesses the legacy of the Shirabesho in helping to bridge the transition between the Tokugawa period’s emphasis on feudal rank and the Meiji’s emphasis on merit. -
Japan America Grassroots Summit
www.jasgeorgia.org/2016-Grassroots-Summit Co-Organized by Supported by Table of Contents 1. Message of Support 14. Bus Drop Off Locations 2. Sponsors 15. Local Key Persons 3. Executive Summary 16. Closing Ceremony 4. What is this? 18. Stone Mountain Map 5. Summit History 19. Departures 6. Itinerary 20. Committee 7. Arrivals 21. Volunteers and Shifts 8. Atlanta Tours 25. Emergency Contacts 9. Opening Ceremony 26. Staff Contacts 11. Local Sessions 27. Hosting Tips The Origin of The Grassroots The friendship between Nakahama (John) Manjiro & Captain William Whitfield marks the beginning of Japan- America grassroots exchange. In 1841 an American whaling boat rescued five shipwrecked Japanese fishermen who were marooned on a remote Pacific island. Among the five was a fourteen year old boy called Manjiro. Manjiro's intelligent good nature soon earned him great respect among the American crew. He was given the name John, and taken back to Fairhaven Massachusetts to receive an American education. Under the care of the ship's captain William H. Whitfield, Manjiro studied not only English, science and navigation, but also about American culture and values- about freedom, democracy and hospitality. At that time Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate, whose policy of isolationism meant that leaving the country was an offense punishable by death. After 10 years in America however Manjiro was determined to return home, to pass on the knowledge and goodwill he had received from Whitfield and the community of Fairhaven. Not long after Manjiro returned to Japan, Commodore Perry arrived calling for an end to isolationism, an event which lead to the birth of modern Japan. -
One and a Half Centuries Have Passed Since That Fateful Day When
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt THE BANSHO SHIRABESHO: A TRANSITIONAL INSTITUTION IN BAKUMATSU JAPAN by James Mitchell Hommes Bachelor of Arts, Calvin College, 1993 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Interdisciplinary Master of Arts (IDMA) in East Asian Studies University of Pittsburgh 2004 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by James Mitchell Hommes It was defended on December 8, 2004 and approved by Thomas Rimer, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature David O. Mills, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature Richard Smethurst, Professor, History ii THE BANSHO SHIRABESHO: A TRANSITIONAL INSTITUTION IN BAKUMATSU JAPAN James M. Hommes, MA University of Pittsburgh, 2004 In the Bakumatsu period (1853-1868), Japan experienced many changes and challenges. One of these challenges was regarding how to learn from the West and how to use that knowledge in the building of Japan. One of the most important institutions for such Western learning was the Bansho Shirabesho, an institution created by the Tokugawa government in 1856 to translate Western materials, provide a school for Japanese scholars, and to censor the translations of Western works. This institution eventually gave language instruction in Dutch, English, French, German, and Russian and it also gave instruction in many other practical subjects such as military science and production. This thesis examines in detail how the Shirabesho was founded, what some of the initial difficulties were and how successful it was in accomplishing the tasks it was given. -
Inaka Ga Kokoro Ni Fureru: the Practices and Parlance of Cultural Exchange in the Japan-America Grassroots Summit
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Anthropology Theses Department of Anthropology 5-7-2016 Inaka ga Kokoro ni Fureru: The Practices and Parlance of Cultural Exchange in the Japan-America Grassroots Summit Gary Walsh Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses Recommended Citation Walsh, Gary, "Inaka ga Kokoro ni Fureru: The Practices and Parlance of Cultural Exchange in the Japan- America Grassroots Summit." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2016. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/105 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Anthropology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INAKA GA KOKORO NI FURERU: THE PRACTICES AND PARLANCE OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE IN THE JAPAN-AMERICA GRASSROOTS SUMMIT by GARY LAMAR WALSH JR. Under the Direction of Dr. Faidra Papavasiliou ABSTRACT This thesis is an examination of the John Manjiro-Whitfield Commemorative Center for International Exchange (CIE) and its sole undertaking the annual Japan-America Grassroots Summit. The CIE’s goal is to foster greater mutual understanding between Japanese and American citizens through what it terms grassroots exchange. To achieve this, the CIE aids in organizing a weeklong cultural exchange program held alternately in the United States and Japan complete with a three-night homestay. As a participant-observer in the 25th Annual Grassroots Summit held in Japan, I address the underlying influences shaping this cultural exchange program and limits to achieving its goals. -
A Trans-Pacific Clash? the Role of Diplomatic Missions
A TRANS-PACIFIC CLASH? THE ROLE OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS IN EARLY U.S.–JAPAN RELATIONS by Michael William Jones, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History December 2020 Committee Members: Ellen Tillman, Chair Peter Siegenthaler Thomas Alter COPYRIGHT by Michael William Jones 2020 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Michael William Jones, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION For Barbara Elizabeth Swyryn, Anne Cale Jones, Miss Kitty, Charli, Bingley, and Wilson Andrew Jones ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first began to seriously consider studying Japanese history as an undergraduate at St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. The late professor Cecil Lawson planted the initial spark within me through his clear enthusiasm for Japanese culture and love for the Japanese people, which he displayed in his freshman studies class “Sword, Silk, and Silicon.” This interest was nurtured by professor Holly Holliday, my Japanese language instructor at St. Edward’s, who opened my mind to one of the world’s most complex and beautiful languages and, in turn, to the entire country of Japan. -
Edo Japan: 14 a Closed Society
ABSS8_ch14.qxd 2/8/07 3:54 PM Page 304 Edo Japan: 14 A Closed Society FIGURE 14-1 This is a monument to Ranald MacDonald in Nagasaki, Japan. What does this monument indicate about Japanese attitudes toward him? 304 Unit 3 From Isolation to Adaptation ABSS8_ch14.qxd 2/8/07 3:54 PM Page 305 WORLDVIEW INQUIRY Geography In what ways might a country’s choice to remain isolated both reflect its worldview Knowledge Time and result from its worldview? Worldview Economy Beliefs 1848. Ranald MacDonald, a twenty-four-year-old Métis, Values Society insisted that he be set adrift in a small boat off the coast of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. he captain and crew of the Plymouth, the In This Chapter American whaling ship that Ranald T In the last chapter, your read MacDonald was leaving, tried to persuade the about the high value put on hon- young man to stay with them. Why did he want to our, duty, and harmony in Edo enter a country that was known to execute Japan. Japanese society differed strangers? When the rudder from his boat was later from the others you have studied found floating in the sea, word was sent to North in its desire and ability to cut America that the young Métis was dead. itself off from the rest of the Ranald MacDonald was the son of Princess world. In Europe from 1600 to Raven, a Chinook, and Archibald MacDonald, a the 1850s, the exchange of Scottish official of the Hudson’s Bay Company. -
John Manjiro (Nakahama Manjiro)
JOHN MANJIRO (NAKAHAMA MANJIRO) JOHN MANJIRO 1827 Manjiro was born, son of a fisherman in the village of Nakanohama of southern Japan (a village now known as Tosashimizu). In the Japan of that time, working-class people did not have family names. JOHN MANJIRO 1836 When the fisherman father of Manjiro lost his life at sea, at about the age of nine this boy needed to join the crew of a Japanese fishing boat. HDT WHAT? INDEX NAKAHAMA MANJIRO JOHN MANJIRO 1841 Manjiro was fourteen years of age and had worked on fishing crews for five years or so. The boat on which he was working was driven by a storm and wrecked on a deserted island 300 miles off the coast of Japan, Torishima. The five-man crew of the fishing boat was reduced to eating albatrosses for six months, until they were picked up by a passing American whaler, the John Howland out of New Bedford. Captain William Whitfield would drop the older four of the Japanese fishermen off in the Hawaiian Islands and take Manjiro, whom the crew referred to as “John Mung,” back home to Fairhaven with him (Fairhaven is 55 miles south of Boston and 35 miles east of Providence, near the bridge to Cape Cod). In Massachusetts, the Japanese boy would be learning English from two elderly sisters. When Whitfield’s Congregational Church was unwilling to allow John to worship with them, he would convert to Unitarianism. The Unitarians welcomed Japanese John. JOHN MANJIRO The whaler Sharon, Captain Howes Norris, sailed from Fairhaven, Massachusetts bound for the South Pacific. -
Pioneers of English Learning in the Kingdom of the Ryukyus and Mainland Japan During the Late Edo Period (1808^-68)
SCRIPSIMUS No. 15, 2006 Pioneers of English Learning in the Kingdom of the Ryukyus and Mainland Japan during the Late Edo Period (1808^-68) Yoshimura Kiyoshi Jan Cock Blomhoff Cap. Basil Hall Commodore M. C. Perry (1779-1853) (1788-1844) (1794-1858) ' /' Cap. Mercator Cooper Makishi Chochu Moriyama Einosuke (1803-72) (1818-62) (1820-71) Hori Tatsunosuke Ranald MacDonald John Manjiro (1823-94) (1824-94) (1827-98) — 91 — I. Five Pioneers of English Learning in the Kingdom of the Ryukyus: The chief Jeeroo (J^ffl^R), Maehira Bosho(j^fc¥gfH3 1787-1829), Aniya Seiho (^fcMi&H 1792-?), Yakabi Umujira (MMl£!&%A&), Makishi Chochu (&& (£&%) ®& 1818-62) In September in 1816 the British warships Alceste and Lyra called on the Ryukyus for about 40 days on their way home from China. The following excerpts which relate four native chiefs' experiences of English learning on the two British warships are taken from Captain Basil Hall's Narrative of a Voyage to Java, China, and the Great Loo- Choo Island with Accounts of Sir Murray Maxwell's Attack on the Chinese Batteries, and of an Interview with Napoleon Buonaparte at St. Helena (1618). A. The chief Jeeroo ffiffl#CfiR The chief Jeeroo, after this day's adventures, became quite fa miliar and unreserved with us. He was a laughing, good-humoured, rather fat man, about thirty; shook everyone cordially by the hand whenever he came on board, and engaged in all our amusements with much cheerfulness. He was at times also very useful, as his anxiety to learn English made him more communicative of his own language than the rest; and as he was fond of a glass of wine, there was never much difficulty in fixing him at table, upon which occasions he contributed cheerfully and largely to Mr. -
Manjiro Final
Drifting Toward the Southeast “The Story Five of Japanese; A very Handsome Tails. Dated Oct. 26, 1852. John Mung.” The English-language title page of Hyoson Kiryaku is written by Manjiro and signed using his alias, John Mung. –Rosenbach Museum & Library Drifting Toward the Southeast The Story of Five Japanese Castaways A complete translation of Hyoson Kiryaku (A Brief Account of Drifting Toward the Southeast) As told to the court of Lord Yamauchi of Tosa in 1852 by John Manjiro Transcribed and illustrated by Kawada Shoryo Translated by Junya Nagakuni and Junji Kitadai With a Foreword by Stuart M. Frank Translation © 2003 Junya Nagakuni and Junji Kitadai All rights reserved. © Spinner Publications, Inc. New Bedford, Massachusetts 02740 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-932027-59-8 (cloth) ISBN 0-932027-56-3 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kawada, Shoryo, 1824-1898. [Hyoson kiryaku. English] Drifting toward the southeast : the story of five Japanese castaways : a complete translation of Hyōson kiryaku / transcribed and illustrated by Kawada Shoryo ; foreword by Stuart M. Frank ; translated by Junya Nagakuni, and Junji Kitadai. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-932027-59-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-932027-56-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. United States--Description and travel. 2. Nakahama, Manjirō, 1827-1898. 3. Japan--History--Restoration, 1853-1870. I. Nagakuni, Junya, 1939- II. Kitadai, Junji, 1932- III. Title. E166 .K2513 2004 952’.025’092--dc22 2003021031 Contents Acknowledgments / Credits ………………………………… 6 Foreword Manjiro: A Portrait of the Castaway as a Young Man by Stuart M. -
The First English Teacher Ranald Macdonald
THE FIRST ENGLISH TEACHER: RANALD MACDONALD Erich A. Berendt The first bono fide teacher of English in Japan is not well known although he was in Japan teaching English at a critical time of Japan’s history. Some may think that it was “Will Adams” also known in Japanese as “Miura Anjin”. It’s true that he was the first Englishman to come to Japan, having arrived in 1600 but there is no evidence that he ever taught his language, except probably informally. We do know that Will Adams became fluent in Japanese. He became a favorite advisor of Tokugawa Ieyasu and often served as an interpreter for Japanese and foreigners such as the Dutch in Nagasaki. Will Adams came to Japan with a Dutch fleet of ships, after surviving many mishaps crossing the Pacific he landed in Kyushu. As he was the Pilot of the Fleet, he was very highly qualified in various kinds of engineering, such as building ships, navigation and casting of cannon. He stayed on in Japan, marrying a Japanese and was made a samurai by Tokugawa Ieyasu with some land in the Miura Peninsula now Yokosuka, Kanagawa. During his life in Japan he built the first two western types of ships (in Itoh City in Izu) and made cannon near Nirayama in Izu as well as doing commercial trade in Nagasaki and southeast Asia. The first person who actually formally taught English in Japan also had a very interesting life. His name is Ranald MacDonald and he entered Japan illegally at the time of Japan’s seclusion in 1848, just a few years before the arrival of the famous American ships of Commodore Perry in 1854. -
KNB-NB Japanese Prints
Selected Japanese Prints in the Kendall Collection of the New Bedford Whaling Museum Stuart M. Frank, Ph.D. Senior Curator Emeritus, New Bedford Whaling Museum Executive Director Emeritus, Kendall Whaling Museum November 2012 ____________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: “Kuniyoshi and the Prosperity of Seven Shores” 2 Revised and expanded from the Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, 25:2002 Part 2: “Strange New World: Pictures of Yankee Whaling in Meiji Japan” 22 Revised and expanded from AntiquesAmerica.com (Boston, December 1999) Part 3: Japanese Labels from “100 Treasures of the Kendall Whaling Museum” 29 Revised and expanded from an exhibition and internal catalogue Part 4: Japanese Labels from the “Classic Whaling Prints” 31 Minimally revised and from an exhibition at the NBWM in 2009 Part 1: Kuniyoshi and the Prosperity of Seven Shores: A garland of Japanese woodblock prints of whales and whaling, with a short history of whaling in Japan by Stuart M. Frank (Kendall Institute, New Bedford Whaling Museum) originally published in Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, 25:2002 (Bremerhaven: Deutsches Schiffahrts Museum, 2003); here edited and somewhat revised, November 2013 Introduction — A Short History of Whaling in Japan Petroglyphs in caves at remote coastal sites in Japan and Korea indicate that a rudimentary onshore whale fishery was prosecuted on the Sea of Japan and East China Sea in the Neolithic era, employing longboats and harpoons. But apart from these rock pictures, little is known about prehistoric whaling in Japan or about how widespread the practice may have been. Analogous cave petroglyphs of equivalent vintage have been found in Siberia and Norway, suggesting contemporaneous parallel developments among these widely separated cultures.1 Meanwhile, an aboriginal form of whaling was practiced by the Ainu, an ethnic minority in the extreme northern part of Japan.