DOCSLIB.ORG

Japanese Immigration History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japanese Immigration History CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) By HOSOK O Bachelor of Arts in History Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 2000 Master of Arts in History University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma 2002 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2010 © 2010, Hosok O ii CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) Dissertation Approved: Dr. Ronald A. Petrin Dissertation Adviser Dr. Michael F. Logan Dr. Yonglin Jiang Dr. R. Michael Bracy Dr. Jean Van Delinder Dr. Mark E. Payton Dean of the Graduate College iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For the completion of my dissertation, I would like to express my earnest appreciation to my advisor and mentor, Dr. Ronald A. Petrin for his dedicated supervision, encouragement, and great friendship. I would have been next to impossible to write this dissertation without Dr. Petrin’s continuous support and intellectual guidance. My sincere appreciation extends to my other committee members Dr. Michael Bracy, Dr. Michael F. Logan, and Dr. Yonglin Jiang, whose intelligent guidance, wholehearted encouragement, and friendship are invaluable. I also would like to make a special reference to Dr. Jean Van Delinder from the Department of Sociology who gave me inspiration for the immigration study. Furthermore, I would like to give my sincere appreciation to Dr. Xiaobing Li for his thorough assistance, encouragement, and friendship since the day I started working on my MA degree to the completion of my doctoral dissertation. I also would like to express my gratitude to those who gave me the assistance and insightful suggestions for this study: Dr. Gary Steward, Dr. Edward Farmer, Dr. Walter Jung, and my mother who taught me the importance of studying history. Lastly, I would like to offer my regards and blessings to all of those who have supported me in any respect during the completion of this study. I would like to express my special gratitude to the faculty and staff of the Department of History for their great help; especially, Susan Oliver and Diana Fry. Finally, I extend my utmost sincere appreciation to Yukie and HIHIKEN. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Statement of Problem ...............................................................................................1 Historiographical Context of Japanese Immigration ..............................................7 Research Methodology ..........................................................................................14 II. SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE LATE TOKUGAWA TO EARLY MEIJI .................................................................................................22 External Pressure ...................................................................................................22 Nakahama Manjir ō.................................................................................................26 Hamada Hikoz ō .....................................................................................................40 Internal Pressure.....................................................................................................58 Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Colony ...........................................................................69 III. ROAD TO MASS IMMIGRATION—“PUSHES” AND “PULLS” ..................76 Beginning of the Emigration to Hawaii—Gannen-mono ......................................76 Conscription and Draft Evasion .............................................................................99 Labor Demand on Sugar Plantations in Hawaii ...................................................107 Overpopulation Problem and Kaigai Hatten ........................................................119 IV. EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO HAWAII ......................................133 Kanyaku Imin Jidai (Government-Contracted Immigration Period) ...................134 Shiyaku Imin Jidai (Self-Contracted Immigration Period) ..................................156 Jiy ū Imin Jidai (Free Immigration Period)...........................................................186 Yobiyose Imin Jidai (Summoned Immigration Period) .......................................193 Issei in Hawaii—Cultural Identity .......................................................................197 v Chapter Page V. DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME INDUSTRY ...............................................206 The Rise of Mitsubishi ........................................................................................206 The Establishment of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha ................................................222 VI. IMMIGRATION MOTIVATORS ......................................................................249 Fukuzawa Yukichi—an advocate of Western liberalism.....................................250 Tsuda Umeko .......................................................................................................282 Mut ō Sanji ............................................................................................................286 Publications for Guide to Go to America ............................................................291 VII. EMIGRATION COMPANIES AND LABOR CONTRACTORS ...................309 Emigration Companies to Hawaii ........................................................................309 Keihin Gink ō (Keihin Bank) ................................................................................330 Imin-yado (Emigration Inns) ...............................................................................333 Illegal Emigration Agents ....................................................................................337 Labor Contractor System (“Boss System”) in the United States .........................340 VIII. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................369 Macroscopic Analysis—Immigration as a National Project ................................369 Microscopic Analysis—Socioeconomic Causes..................................................377 Cultural Analysis .................................................................................................381 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................385 APPENDICES ...........................................................................................................438 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 3.1: Change in the Native Hawaiian Population, 1832–1920 .........................77 Table 3.2: Extension of Temporary Exemption from Conscription in Hiroshima, Fukuoka, and Yamaguchi Prefectures, 1898–1912 ..............................105 Table 3.3: Production of Sugar in Hawaii, 1860–1885 ..........................................108 Table 3.4: Population Estimates of Japan, 1872–1885 ...........................................123 Table 4.1: Change in the Area of Cotton Cultivation in Hiroshima, 1879–1910 ...139 Table 4.2: Average Monthly Wages of Plantation Laborers, January 1890 ...........145 Table 4.3: Prefectures that Sent Out Immigrants to Hawaii, 1885–1894 ...............149 Table 4.4: Remittance of the Japanese in Hawaii, 1889–1894 ...............................151 Table 4.5: Report on the Kanyaku Imin to Hawaii, 1885–1894 .............................153 Table 4.6: Estimates of Loss of Each Immigrant on Shinsh ū Maru .......................163 Table 4.7: Passports Issued by the Japanese Government, 1899–1903 ..................167 Table 4.8: Arrests of Japanese, Chinese, and Hawaiians, 1900 ..............................172 Table 4.9: Offenses by Japanese in Hawaii, 1900–1928 ........................................173 Table 4.10: Prostitutes in Honolulu by Nationality, Dec. 1898–Dec. 1899 ...........178 Table 4.11: Number of Japanese Emigrants Entering Hawaii, 1901–1907 ............187 Table 4.12: Hawaii’s Sugar Output and Japanese Laborers, 1890–1933 ...............205 Table 5.1: Passenger & Freight of P.M.S.S. and Mitsubishi by Comparison .........213 Table 5.2: Mitsubishi’s New Passenger and Freight, 1876 ....................................214 vii Table Page Table 5.3: Mitsubishi Directors Graduated from Kei ō Gijuku & Tokyo Univ. .....217 Table 5.4: Profits of Mitsubishi Shokai, 1879–1885 ..............................................220 Table 5.5: Transportation of the Kanyaku Imin, 1885–1894 ..................................229 Table 7.1: Number of Emigration Companies by Prefecture .................................311 Table 7.2: Emigration to Hawaii through Emigration Companies up to 1899 .......316 Table 7.3: Officers of the Nippon Imin G ōshi Kaisha ............................................319 Table 7.4: Number of Passports Issued & Disapproved, Sep. 1902–Sep. 1903 .....338 Table 7.5: Labor Contractors, Number of Laborers, & Railroads, 1905–06 ..........357 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 2.1: Nakahama Manjir ō, 1860 .......................................................................26 Figure 2.2: Hamada Hikoz ō (Joseph Heco) ..............................................................40 Figure 3.1: Population Change in Japan, 200–2009 ...............................................125 Figure 4.1: Population in Hawaii, 1900
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Japan Between the Wars
    JAPAN BETWEEN THE WARS The Meiji era was not followed by as neat and logical a periodi- zation. The Emperor Meiji (his era name was conflated with his person posthumously) symbolized the changes of his period so perfectly that at his death in July 1912 there was a clear sense that an era had come to an end. His successor, who was assigned the era name Taisho¯ (Great Righteousness), was never well, and demonstrated such embarrassing indications of mental illness that his son Hirohito succeeded him as regent in 1922 and re- mained in that office until his father’s death in 1926, when the era name was changed to Sho¯wa. The 1920s are often referred to as the “Taisho¯ period,” but the Taisho¯ emperor was in nominal charge only until 1922; he was unimportant in life and his death was irrelevant. Far better, then, to consider the quarter century between the Russo-Japanese War and the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident of 1931 as the next era of modern Japanese history. There is overlap at both ends, with Meiji and with the resur- gence of the military, but the years in question mark important developments in every aspect of Japanese life. They are also years of irony and paradox. Japan achieved success in joining the Great Powers and reached imperial status just as the territo- rial grabs that distinguished nineteenth-century imperialism came to an end, and its image changed with dramatic swiftness from that of newly founded empire to stubborn advocate of imperial privilege. Its military and naval might approached world standards just as those standards were about to change, and not long before the disaster of World War I produced revul- sion from armament and substituted enthusiasm for arms limi- tations.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Exponent of Breath: The Role of Foreign Evangelical Organizations in Combating Japan's Tuberculosis Epidemic of the Early 20th Century Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32d241sf Author Perelman, Elisheva Avital Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Exponent of Breath: The Role of Foreign Evangelical Organizations in Combating Japan’s Tuberculosis Epidemic of the Early 20th Century By Elisheva Avital Perelman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Andrew E. Barshay, Chair Professor John Lesch Professor Alan Tansman Fall 2011 © Copyright by Elisheva Avital Perelman 2011 All Rights Reserved Abstract The Role of Foreign Evangelical Organizations in Combating Japan’s Tuberculosis Epidemic of the Early 20th Century By Elisheva Avital Perelman Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Andrew E. Barshay, Chair Tuberculosis existed in Japan long before the arrival of the first medical missionaries, and it would survive them all. Still, the epidemic during the period from 1890 until the 1920s proved salient because of the questions it answered. This dissertation analyzes how, through the actions of the government, scientists, foreign evangelical leaders, and the tubercular themselves, a nation defined itself and its obligations to its subjects, and how foreign evangelical organizations, including the Young Men’s Christian Association (the Y.M.C.A.) and The Salvation Army, sought to utilize, as much as to assist, those in their care.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Maui
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Maui Mentality: Experience, Influence, and Aloha in the Movement Practice of Five Maui Dance Artists THESIS submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF FINE ARTS in Dance by Alexandra Kozuki McKeon Thesis Committee: Professor Loretta Livingston, Chair Professor Jennifer Fisher Professor Alan Terricciano 2014 © 2014 Alexandra Kozuki McKeon DEDICATION To my parents, Bill and Kathleen McKeon Thank you for all you have sacrificed so that I may pursue my education and dreams of being a dance artist. Thank you for raising me on Maui, a place that has largely shaped my internal landscape, perspective on life, and the entirety of this research. Thank you for your endless love, trust, and support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABSTRACT OF THESIS v CHAPTER 1: Girl From Hawaii 1 My Maui Experience 2 My Coming of Age as a Dancer 4 Rhetoric of Hawaiian, “Local,” Hapa, Haole Identity 5 Research Purpose 9 CHAPTER 2: Experiencing Aloha 11 Ohana and the collective 12 Aloha’s Flipside 16 CHAPTER 3: Experience, Identity, & Influence 23 Julia Cost: A Look at One Maui-born 25 Dance Artist’s Work My Observations of Julia’s Aesthetic 28 Final Thoughts on Julia 30 CHAPTER 4: Settling Into Belonging: My Choreographic and 31 Intellectual Journey to Understanding Choreography as Research 33 Lingering Questions 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY 41 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by expressing my deep appreciation and gratitude to my thesis chair, Professor Loretta Livingston for her guidance and support. Thank you for helping me to ask the right questions and encouraging me to be confident in my own voice.
    [Show full text]
  • RACIAL EQUALITY BILL: JAPANESE PROPOSAL at PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE: DIPLOMATIC MANOEUVRES; and REASONS for REJECTION by Shizuka
    RACIAL EQUALITY BILL: JAPANESE PROPOSAL AT PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE: DIPLOMATIC MANOEUVRES; AND REASONS FOR REJECTION By Shizuka Imamoto B.A. (Hiroshima Jogakuin University, Japan), Graduate Diploma in Language Teaching (University of Technology Sydney, Australia) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (Honours) at Macquarie University. Japanese Studies, Department of Asian Languages, Division of Humanities, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney Australia. 2006 DECLARATION I declare that the present research work embodied in the thesis entitled, Racial Equality Bill: Japanese Proposal At Paris Peace Conference: Diplomatic Manoeuvres; And Reasons For Rejection was carried out by the author at Macquarie Japanese Studies Centre of Macquarie University of Sydney, Australia during the period February 2003 to February 2006. This work has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution. Any published and unpublished materials of other writers and researchers have been given full acknowledgement in the text. Shizuka Imamoto ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii SUMMARY ix DEDICATION x ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xi INTRODUCTION 1 1. Area Of Study 1 2. Theme, Principal Question, And Objective Of Research 5 3. Methodology For Research 5 4. Preview Of The Results Presented In The Thesis 6 End Notes 9 CHAPTER ONE ANGLO-JAPANESE RELATIONS AND WORLD WAR ONE 11 Section One: Anglo-Japanese Alliance 12 1. Role Of Favourable Public Opinion In Britain And Japan 13 2. Background Of Anglo-Japanese Alliance 15 3. Negotiations And Signing Of Anglo-Japanese Alliance 16 4. Second Anglo-Japanese Alliance 17 5. Third Anglo-Japanese Alliance 18 Section Two: Japan’s Involvement In World War One 19 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph Heco and the Origin of Japanese Journalism*
    Journalism and Mass Communication, Mar.-Apr. 2020, Vol. 10, No. 2, 89-101 doi: 10.17265/2160-6579/2020.02.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Joseph Heco and the Origin of Japanese Journalism* WANG Hai, YU Qian, LIANG Wei-ping Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China Joseph Heco, with the original Japanese name of Hamada Hikozo, played an active role in the diplomatic, economic, trade, and cultural interactions between the United States and Japan in the 1850s and 1860s. Being rescued from a shipwreck by an American freighter and taken to San Francisco in the 1850s, Heco had the chance to experience the advanced industrial civilization. After returning to Japan, he followed the example of the U.S. newspapers to start the first Japanese newspaper Kaigai Shimbun (Overseas News), introducing Western ideas into Japan and enabling Japanese people under the rule of the Edo bakufu/shogunate to learn about the great changes taking place outside the island. In the light of the historical background of the United States forcing Japan to open up, this paper expounds on Joseph Heco’s life experience and Kaigai Shimbun, the newspaper he founded, aiming to explain how Heco, as the “father of Japanese journalism”, promoted the development of Japanese newspaper industry. Keywords: Joseph Heco (Hamada Hikozo), Kaigai Shimbun, origin of Japanese journalism Early Japanese newspapers originated from the “kawaraban” (瓦版) at the beginning of the 17th century. In 1615, this embryonic form of newspapers first appeared in the streets of Osaka. This single-sided leaflet-like thing was printed irregularly and was made by printing on paper with tiles which was carved with pictures and words and then fired and shaped.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese in Hawaii: an Annotated Bibliography
    The Chinese in Hawaii AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY by NANCY FOON YOUNG Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii Hawaii Series No. 4 THE CHINESE IN HAWAII HAWAII SERIES No. 4 Other publications in the HAWAII SERIES No. 1 The Japanese in Hawaii: 1868-1967 A Bibliography of the First Hundred Years by Mitsugu Matsuda [out of print] No. 2 The Koreans in Hawaii An Annotated Bibliography by Arthur L. Gardner No. 3 Culture and Behavior in Hawaii An Annotated Bibliography by Judith Rubano No. 5 The Japanese in Hawaii by Mitsugu Matsuda A Bibliography of Japanese Americans, revised by Dennis M. O g a w a with Jerry Y. Fujioka [forthcoming] T H E CHINESE IN HAWAII An Annotated Bibliography by N A N C Y F O O N Y O U N G supported by the HAWAII CHINESE HISTORY CENTER Social Science Research Institute • University of Hawaii • Honolulu • Hawaii Cover design by Bruce T. Erickson Kuan Yin Temple, 170 N. Vineyard Boulevard, Honolulu Distributed by: The University Press of Hawaii 535 Ward Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 International Standard Book Number: 0-8248-0265-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-620231 Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Copyright 1973 by the Social Science Research Institute All rights reserved. Published 1973 Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD vii PREFACE ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi ABBREVIATIONS xii ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 GLOSSARY 135 INDEX 139 v FOREWORD Hawaiians of Chinese ancestry have made and are continuing to make a rich contribution to every aspect of life in the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoshi Pharmaceuticals in the Interwar Years Timothy M. Yang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Th
    Market, Medicine, and Empire: Hoshi Pharmaceuticals in the Interwar Years Timothy M. Yang Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Timothy M. Yang All rights reserved ABSTRACT Market, Medicine, and Empire: Hoshi Pharmaceuticals in the Interwar Years Timothy M. Yang This dissertation examines the connections between global capitalism, modern medicine, and empire through a close study of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals during the interwar years. As one of the leading drug companies in East Asia at the time, Hoshi embodied Japan's imperial aspirations, rapid industrial development, and burgeoning consumer culture. The company attempted to control every part of its supply and distribution chain: it managed plantations in the mountains of Taiwan and Peru for growing coca and cinchona (the raw material for quinine) and contracted Turkish poppy farmers to supply raw opium for government-owned refineries in Taiwan. Hoshi also helped shape modern consumer culture in Japan and its colonies, and indeed, became an emblem for it. At its peak in the early 1920s, Hoshi had a network of chain stores across Asia that sold Hoshi-brand patent medicines, hygiene products, and household goods. In 1925, however, the company's fortunes turned for the worse when an opium trading violation raised suspicions of Hoshi as a front for the smuggling of narcotics through Manchuria and China. Although the company was a key supplier of medicines to Japan's military during World War Two, it could not financially recover from the fallout of the opium scandal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Millennial Japan
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2010 Politics Shifts Right: The Rise of Nationalism in Millennial Japan Jordan Dickson College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dickson, Jordan, "Politics Shifts Right: The Rise of Nationalism in Millennial Japan" (2010). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 752. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/752 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Politics Shifts Right: The Rise of Nationalism in Millennial Japan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Global Studies from The College of William and Mary by Jordan Dickson Accepted for High Honors Professor Rachel DiNitto, Director Professor Hiroshi Kitamura Professor Eric Han 1 Introduction In the 1990s, Japan experienced a series of devastating internal political, economic and social problems that changed the landscape irrevocably. A sense of national panic and crisis was ignited in 1995 when Japan experienced the Great Hanshin earthquake and the Aum Shinrikyō attack, the notorious sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subway. These disasters came on the heels of economic collapse, and the nation seemed to be falling into a downward spiral. The Japanese lamented the decline of traditional values, social hegemony, political awareness and engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • King Cotton and the Rising Sun: the Japanese Navy's Confederate
    The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of Civil War Institute History Spring 4-12-2017 King Cotton and the Rising Sun: The aJ panese Navy’s Confederate Ironclad Alexandria J. Andrioli Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler Part of the Military History Commons, Public History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Andrioli, Alexandria J., "King Cotton and the Rising Sun: The aJ panese Navy’s Confederate Ironclad" (2017). The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History. 241. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler/241 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler/241 This open access blog post is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. King Cotton and the Rising Sun: The aJ panese Navy’s Confederate Ironclad Abstract When the American Civil War ended in 1865, the United States government sold off an val vessels as the country transitioned to Reconstruction. One of those vessels, the CSS Stonewall, traveled to countless and unexpected locations. The CSS Stonewall never fought in the American Civil War as it was intended to do, but instead was destined to fight in the civil war between the Japanese shogunate and emperor as the first ironclad warship of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • MOL Investor Guidebook 2012
    MOLMOL InvestorInvestor GuidebookGuidebook 20122012 July 2012 Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. http://www.mol.co.jp/ir-e/ MOL Group Corporate Principles 1. As a multi-modal transport group, we will actively seize opportunities that contribute to global economic growth and development by meeting and responding to our customers’ needs to this new era 2. We will strive to maximize corporate value by always being creative, continually pursuing higher operating efficiency and promoting an open and visible management style that is guided by the highest ethical and social standards 3. We will promote and protect our environment by maintaining strict, safe operation and navigation standards Long-Term Vision To make the MOL Group an excellent and resilient organization that leads the world shipping industry 1 【 Contents 】 MOL at a Glance Financial Data History of MOL Business Performance 03 Highlights of Income Statements 36 Strategically Balanced Business Portfolio 06 Highlights of Balance Sheets 37 Market Position 10 Highlights of Cash Flow Statements 38 Per Share Value Indicators and Share Price Indices 38 Midterm Management Plan Consolidated Financial Statements/Segment Information 39 [GEAR UP! MOL] Overall Strategies 14 Acceleration of business development in growth market 15 MOL General Information Fleet Plan 16 The History and MOL Group 42 Measures to Reinforce Safe Operation 17 Corporate Governance 43 Creative Efforts on Cost Reduction 17 Compliance 43 ISHIN Project 18 Safe Operation/Environment/CSR 43 Bond/Credit Ratings 44 Divisional Information Shareholder Composition 44 Global Trade 20 Share Price 45 Dry Bulkers 22 Shareholder Information 45 Tankers 26 LNG Carriers 29 Car Carriers 30 Containerships 31 2 MOL at a Glance History of MOL Business Performance P/L Ordinary income/Net income Revenues（bil.
    [Show full text]
  • Praca Doktorska.Pdf (7.461MB)
    UNIWERSYTET ŁÓDZKI WYDZIAŁ STUDIÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH I POLITOLOGICZNYCH Izabela Plesiewicz-Świerczyńska WYKŁADNIE IDEOLOGICZNE STOSUNKÓW JAPOŃSKO-AMERYKAŃSKICH W LATACH 1853–1941 ORAZ ICH IMPLEMENTACJA POLITYCZNA Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem dr hab. Jolanty Młodawskiej-Bronowskiej, prof. nadzw. UŁ Łódź 2017 SPIS TREŚCI Nota redakcyjna……………………………………………………………….. .................... 3 WSTĘP………………………………………………………………………… .................... 5 ROZDZIAŁ 1 Inspiracje ideologiczne formuł konceptualnych w sferze międzynarodowych stosunków politycznych między Japonią a USA ................................ 24 1.1 Doktryna izolacjonizmu w okresie sakoku w Japonii od XVII do XIX wieku ............. 24 1.2 Geneza i charakterystyka doktryny izolacjonizmu w Stanach Zjednoczonych po zaistnieniu na forum międzynarodowym w 1776 roku ........................................... 39 1.3 Rozwój japońskiego ekspansjonizmu drogą do dominacji nad krajami Azji Południowo-Wschodniej ............................................................................................... 51 1.4 Argumenty zwolenników rozszerzania wpływów politycznych i ekonomicznych Stanów Zjednoczonych w świecie ................................................................................ 58 1.5 Imperializm japoński jako teoretyczna wykładnia konfliktów i wojen ........................ 68 1.6 Opinie elit politycznych USA na temat ideologii im perialistycznej w praktyce ......... 76 1.7 Filozoficzne zaplecze japońskiego nacjonalizmu ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Before Pearl Harbor 29
    Part I Niseiand lssei Before PearlHarbor On Decemb er'7, 194L, Japan attacked and crippled the American fleet at Pearl Harbor. Ten weeks later, on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 under which the War De- partment excluded from the West Coast everyone of Japanese ances- try-both American citizens and their alien parents who, despite long residence in the United States, were barred by federal law from be- coming American citizens. Driven from their homes and farms and "relocation businesses, very few had any choice but to go to centers"- Spartan, barrack-like camps in the inhospitable deserts and mountains of the interior. * *There is a continuing controversy over the contention that the camps "concentration were camps" and that any other term is a euphemism. The "concentration government documents of the time frequently use the term camps," but after World War II, with full realization of the atrocities committed by the Nazis in the death camps of Europe, that phrase came to have a very different meaning. The American relocation centers were bleak and bare, and life in them had many hardships, but they were not extermination camps, nor did the American government embrace a policy of torture or liquidation of the "concentration To use the phrase camps summons up images ethnic Japanese. "relo- ,and ideas which are inaccurate and unfair. The Commission has used "relocation cation centers" and camps," the usual term used during the war, not to gloss over the hardships of the camps, but in an effort to {ind an historically fair and accurate phrase.
    [Show full text]